Search

AbstractThe tissue cultures of explants of neonatal rat peritoneum have been demonstrated to be a sensitive test for tissue compatibility with wound antiseptics. The present study investigated the suitability of this method to assess the relative toxicity of mouthrinses to tissue. Mouthrinses containing 0.1% chlorhexidine (Chlorhexamed® Fluid 0.1%) (A), 0.3% triclosan (Colgate®) (B), essential oil in ethanolic solution (Listerine®) (C), and amine/stannous fluoride (Meridol®) (D) were tested at use concentration and in dilutions of 10, 1, and 0.1% with exposure times of 1, 10, and 30 min, respectively. The mouthrinses (test) and Ringer’s solutions (control) were applied to opened rat peritoneum. After thorough irrigation with Ringer’s solution, a piece of peritoneum was removed and 1 × 1 mm explants were cut. The explants were cultivated with a bovine serum culture medium in 24-well plates at 37°C in a CO2 incubator (95% air, 5% CO2). After 10 days, the tissue proliferation for the explants was assessed by a stereo microscope at 10× magnification after ethanol fixing and hemalaun staining. With 24 grafts per test, the proliferation rate was calculated relative to a control, which was run for each mouthrinse and concentration/time combination. Data were analyzed using ANOVA (SPSS 11.0) and post-hoc paired t test. Statistical significance of all correlations was tested by setting the significance level at p < 0.05. At most concentrations, D caused significantly less tissue damage than A or B. There was no difference between C and A or C and B at 100%. However, the toxicity of C was significantly less than A or B at 10, 1, and 0.1%. C and D behaved similarly except for the 10% (30 min) and the 1% (10 min) solutions in which C was significantly less toxic. We concluded that the rat peritoneum explant test was demonstrated to be a sensitive test to assess the relative toxicity of mouthrinses to tissue.Copyright © 2007 S. Karger AG, Basel [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) is the prevailing method for synthesizing research peptides today. However, SPPS is associated with a significant environmental concern due to the utilization of hazardous solvents such as N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) or N-methylpyrrolidone, which generate substantial waste. In light of this, our research endeavors to identify more environmentally friendly solvents for SPPS. In this study, we have assessed the suitability of five green solvents as alternatives to DMF in microwave assisted SPPS. The solvents evaluated include Cyrene, ethyl acetate, 1,3-dioxolane, tetrahydro-2-methylfuran, and N-Butylpyrrolidinone (NBP). Our investigation encompassed all stages of the synthesis process, from resin swelling, dissolution of reagents, culminating in the successful synthesis of five diverse peptides, including the challenging ACP 65-74, Peptide 18A, Thymosin α1, and Jung-Redemann peptide. Our findings indicate that NBP emerged as a strong contender, performing on par with DMF in all tested syntheses. Furthermore, we observed that combinations of NBP with either ethyl acetate or tetrahydro-2-methylfuran demonstrated excellent results. This research contributes to the pursuit of more sustainable and environmentally conscious practices in peptide synthesis., (© 2024 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

[Cu(phen) 2 ] 2+ (phen=1,10-phenanthroline) is the first and still one of the most efficient artificial nucleases. In general, when the phen ligand is modified, the nucleolytic activity of its Cu II complex is significantly reduced. This is most likely due to higher steric bulk of such ligands and thus lower affinity to DNA. Cu II complexes with phen ligands having fluorinated substituents (F, CF 3 , SF 5 , SCF 3 ) surprisingly showed excellent DNA cleavage activity-in contrast to the unsubstituted [Cu(phen) 2 ] 2+ -in the absence of the otherwise required classical, bioabundant external reducing agents like thiols or ascorbate. This nucleolytic activity correlates well with the half-wave potentials E 1/2 of the complexes. Cancer cell studies show cytotoxic effects of all complexes with fluorinated ligands in the low μm range, whereas they were less toxic towards healthy cells (fibroblasts)., (© 2020 The Authors. Published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Aim: The study objective was to examine the application of excimer laser atherectomy (ELA) in patients with refractory occlusions in femoropopliteal arteries, where the initial conventional percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) recanalization attempts, were unsuccessful., Methods: The average age of the 40 patients (32 men, 8 women) included in this study was 65.4±9.1 years. The average occlusion length was 17.5 cm (range: 12-25 cm). The initial recanalization attempts were performed with stiff Terumo guidewires (curved or straight) supported by various catheters (straight/multipurpose/Cobra). After the unsuccessful attempt, an excimer laser catheter (catheter diameters from 1.7-2.5 mm) was used for recanalization using the step-by-step method of crossing. After successful crossing, balloon dilatation was performed in all cases. Stent implant was required in 10% (4/40) of procedures. Patients were followed for 12 months with colour-coded Duplex sonography (CCDS)., Results: The initial technical success rate of 90% (36/40) resulted in primary, primary-assisted and secondary-assisted patency rates of 58.9%, 67.8% and 83.2%, respectively, after 12 months. No serious complications occurred that were attributable to the intervention., Conclusion: According to these results, ELA recanalization provides a low stent rate alternative to surgical procedures for refractory occlusions. This would offer patients, with increased operative risks, a promising and low-risk therapeutic procedure. The option of a subsequent vascular operation would not be compromised.

The homoleptic 1:1 Lewis pair (LP) complex [MesTe(TeMes2)]O3SCF3 (1) featuring the cation [MesTe(TeMes2)](+) (1a) was obtained by the reaction of Mes2Te with HO3SCF3. The reaction of 1 with Ph3E (E = P, As, Sb, Bi) proceeded with substitution of Mes2Te and provided the heteroleptic 1:1 LP complexes [MesTe(EPh3)]O3SCF3 (2, E = P; 3, E = As) and [MesTe(SbPh3)][Ph2Sb(O3SCF3)2] (4) featuring the cations [MesTe(EPh3)](+) (2a, E = P; 3a, E = As; 4a, E = Sb) and the anion [Ph2Sb(O3SCF3)2](-) (4b). In the reaction with Ph3Bi, the crude product contained the cation [MesTe(BiPh3)](+) (5a) and the anion [Ph2Bi(O3SCF3)2](-) (5b); however, the heteroleptic 1:1 LP complex [MesTe(BiPh3)][Ph2Bi(O3SCF3)2] (5) could not be isolated because of its limited stability. Instead, fractional crystallization furnished a large amount of Ph2BiO3SCF3 (6), which was also obtained by the reaction of Ph3Bi with HO3SCF3. The formation of the anions 4b and 5b involves a phenyl group migration from Ph3E (E = Sb, Bi) to the MesTe(+) cation and afforded MesTePh as the byproduct, which was identified in the mother liquor. The heteroleptic 1:1 LP complexes 2-4 were also obtained by the one-pot reaction of Mes2Te, Ph3E (E = P, As, Sb) and HO3SCF3. Compounds 1-4 and 6 were investigated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The molecular structures of 1a-4a were used for density functional theory calculations at the B3PW91/TZ level of theory and studied using natural bond order (NBO) analyses as well as real-space bonding descriptors derived from an atoms-in-molecules (AIM) analysis of the theoretically obtained electron density. Additionally, the electron localizability indicator (ELI-D) and the delocalization index are derived from the corresponding pair density.

The tissue cultures of explants of neonatal rat peritoneum have been demonstrated to be a sensitive test for tissue compatibility with wound antiseptics. The present study investigated the suitability of this method to assess the relative toxicity of mouthrinses to tissue. Mouthrinses containing 0.1% chlorhexidine (Chlorhexamed Fluid 0.1%) (A), 0.3% triclosan (Colgate) (B), essential oil in ethanolic solution (Listerine) (C), and amine/stannous fluoride (Meridol) (D) were tested at use concentration and in dilutions of 10, 1, and 0.1% with exposure times of 1, 10, and 30 min, respectively. The mouthrinses (test) and Ringer's solutions (control) were applied to opened rat peritoneum. After thorough irrigation with Ringer's solution, a piece of peritoneum was removed and 1 x 1 mm explants were cut. The explants were cultivated with a bovine serum culture medium in 24-well plates at 37 degrees C in a CO2 incubator (95% air, 5% CO2). After 10 days, the tissue proliferation for the explants was assessed by a stereo microscope at 10x magnification after ethanol fixing and hemalaun staining. With 24 grafts per test, the proliferation rate was calculated relative to a control, which was run for each mouthrinse and concentration/time combination. Data were analyzed using ANOVA (SPSS 11.0) and post-hoc paired t test. Statistical significance of all correlations was tested by setting the significance level at p < 0.05. At most concentrations, D caused significantly less tissue damage than A or B. There was no difference between C and A or C and B at 100%. However, the toxicity of C was significantly less than A or B at 10, 1, and 0.1%. C and D behaved similarly except for the 10% (30 min) and the 1% (10 min) solutions in which C was significantly less toxic. We concluded that the rat peritoneum explant test was demonstrated to be a sensitive test to assess the relative toxicity of mouthrinses to tissue., (Copyright (c) 2007 S. Karger AG, Basel.)