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1. The association between obesity-related legislation in the United States and adolescents’ weight

Author

Annita Kobes, Tina Kretschmer, and Margaretha C. Timmerman

Subjects
State-level policy, Obesity-related legislation, Obesity prevalence, BMI, Adolescents, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Effective obesity prevention requires intervening at all levels of society, including the governmental level. Policy interventions at the governmental level are especially promising as they tend to involve minimal individual effort while, at the same time, reach many people. The amount of state-level obesity-related legislation in the United States has increased over the years, and several laws were installed in contexts that reach young people, such as schools. Given this increase in state-level obesity-related legislation targeting youth, we tested whether the quantity of obesity-related legislation in U.S. states was associated with adolescent BMI and overweight/obesity prevalence. Linear and multilevel analyses showed that the quantity of physical activity-related legislation was associated with lower overweight/obesity prevalence yet with very modest effect size (b = -0.002, p = .042). Our results underline the likely importance of obesity-related legislation. In addition, the value of examining both BMI and overweight/obesity prevalence when evaluating interventions is demonstrated.

Published
2022
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2. Opportunities and barriers for young rural–urban migrants transitioning from education to work in Kathmandu, Nepal

Author

Neha Basnet, Margaretha C. Timmerman, and Josje van der Linden

Subjects
young people, youth transition, parents’ choices in education, parental support, rural–urban migrants, nepal, Special aspects of education, LC8-6691, The family. Marriage. Woman, HQ1-2044
Abstract

This paper explores the opportunities and barriers encountered by young rural–urban migrants as they transition from education to work in Kathmandu, Nepal. It explores the opportunities available to both male and female youth during their transition from education to work and how these opportunities positively influenced their trajectories. On the other hand, the study also presents the barriers experienced by both male and female youth that may have negatively influenced their education-to-work transition processes. Qualitative interviews conducted with 24 participants show that parents’ choices in education, migration to Kathmandu for education or work, going abroad for studies and work, and financial resources were the main experiences of opportunities and barriers influencing their trajectories. Using comparative analysis, gender differences in opportunities and barriers were found among the participants.

Published
2021
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3. Second-Generation Atroposelective Synthesis of KRAS G12C Covalent Inhibitor GDC-6036

Author

Jie Xu, Ngiap-Kie Lim, Jacob C. Timmerman, Jeff Shen, Kyle Clagg, Ugo Orcel, Raphael Bigler, Etienne Trachsel, Roland Meier, Nicholas A. White, Johannes A. Burkhard, Lauren E. Sirois, Qingping Tian, Remy Angelaud, Stephan Bachmann, Haiming Zhang, and Francis Gosselin

Subjects
Organic Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Biochemistry
Published
2023

4. Prevalence of overweight among Dutch primary school children living in JOGG and non-JOGG areas.

Author

Annita Kobes, Tina Kretschmer, and Margaretha C Timmerman

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

BackgroundOne of the most influential integrated approaches towards reducing childhood obesity is EPODE, a program that has been translated to over 20 different countries worldwide.AimThe goal of this study was to explore how JOGG-the Dutch EPODE adaptation-might reduce overweight prevalence among children.MethodsTo compare whether overweight prevalence was different in JOGG areas vs. non-JOGG areas, in long-term JOGG areas vs. short-term JOGG areas, and in low SES JOGG areas vs. middle/high SES JOGG areas, secondary anthropometric and personal data of 209,565 Dutch children were mapped onto publicly available JOGG data.ResultsFindings showed that overweight prevalence decreased from 25.17% to 16.08% in JOGG-areas, and from 32.31% to 18.43% in long-term JOGG areas. However, when taking into account SES, the decrease in prevalence was mainly visible in low SES long-term JOGG areas.ConclusionJOGG appeared to be successful in targeting areas where overweight was most prevalent. Low SES areas that had implemented JOGG for a longer period of time, i.e., six years, appeared to be successful in decreasing overweight prevalence.

Published
2021
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5. ‘I need to switch the job’. Young rural-urban migrants’ perceptions about their job during their education to work transition

Author

Neha Basnet, Margaretha C. Timmerman, Josje van der Linden, Youth Studies, and Education in Culture

Subjects
youth, Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management, Nepal, Public Administration, education to work transition, call centres, Rural-urban migration, Education
Abstract

Young people’s choices and decisions during their education to work transition reflect their perceptions about work. Empirical studies of these perceptions of young rural-urban migrants are limited. This article explores the perceptions of young rural-urban migrants working at call centres in Kathmandu and the way these perceptions are associated with socio-cultural values and beliefs. The dominant perceptions found among young rural-urban migrants were that their job in a call centre served for skills development, financial needs, and as a temporary solution. Even though the centre was a fun place to work, there was little indication that young people saw this job as a ‘career’ The perceptions reveal a strong relation with socio-cultural values and beliefs influencing young people’s choices and decision making in their education to work transition in this context.

Published
2023

6. Data-Driven Multi-Objective Optimization Tactics for Catalytic Asymmetric Reactions Using Bisphosphine Ligands

Author

Jordan J. Dotson, Lucy van Dijk, Jacob C. Timmerman, Samantha Grosslight, Richard C. Walroth, Francis Gosselin, Kurt Püntener, Kyle A. Mack, and Matthew S. Sigman

Subjects
Colloid and Surface Chemistry, General Chemistry, Biochemistry, Article, Catalysis
Abstract

Optimization of the catalyst structure to simultaneously improve multiple reaction objectives (e.g., yield, enantioselectivity, and regioselectivity) remains a formidable challenge. Herein, we describe a machine learning workflow for the multi-objective optimization of catalytic reactions that employ chiral bisphosphine ligands. This was demonstrated through the optimization of two sequential reactions required in the asymmetric synthesis of an active pharmaceutical ingredient. To accomplish this, a density functional theory-derived database of >550 bisphosphine ligands was constructed, and a designer chemical space mapping technique was established. The protocol used classification methods to identify active catalysts, followed by linear regression to model reaction selectivity. This led to the prediction and validation of significantly improved ligands for all reaction outputs, suggesting a general strategy that can be readily implemented for reaction optimizations where performance is controlled by bisphosphine ligands.

Published
2022

8. ‘Figuring it out’. Continuity or discontinuity of work in young rural-urban migrants’ education to work transition in Kathmandu, Nepal

Author

Neha Basnet, Margaretha C. Timmerman, Josje van der Linden, Youth Studies, and Education in Culture

Subjects
Sociology and Political Science, General Social Sciences, Life-span and Life-course Studies
Abstract

Although youth research has highlighted the importance of a holistic understanding of the changing nature of youth education to work transitions, few studies have examined these transitions from a process perspective. In this study on continuity and discontinuity of work, the process perspective proved to be useful to analyse the education to work transition of rural-urban migrants in Kathmandu, Nepal. Qualitative longitudinal data, consisting of two consecutive in-depth interviews, with twenty-one participants, reveal how they shift choices, negotiate positions, embrace changes and decisions. A reemphasis on the understanding of rural-urban migrant youth education to work transition as part of a process is suggested calling for a holistic understanding of rural-urban migrant youth education to work transition among scholars and policymakers in Nepal and also in other contexts.

Published
2023

9. High-Level Data Fusion Enables the Chemoinformatically Guided Discovery of Chiral Disulfonimide Catalysts for Atropselective Iodination of 2-Amino-6-arylpyridines

Author

Brennan T. Rose, Jacob C. Timmerman, Seth A. Bawel, Steven Chin, Haiming Zhang, and Scott E. Denmark

Subjects
Colloid and Surface Chemistry, General Chemistry, Biochemistry, Catalysis
Abstract

The atropselective iodination of 2-amino-6-arylpyridines catalyzed by chiral disulfonimides (DSIs) is described. Key to the development of this transformation was the use of a chemoinformatically guided workflow for the curation of a structurally diverse training set of DSI catalysts. Utilization of this catalyst training set in the atropselective iodination across a variety 2-aminopyridine substrates allowed for the recommendation of statistically higher-performing DSIs for this reaction. Data Fusion techniques were implemented to successfully predict the performance of catalysts when classical linear regression analysis failed to provide suitable models. This effort identified a privileged class of 3,3'-alkynyl-DSI catalysts which were effective in catalyzing the iodination of a variety of 2-amino-6-arylpyridines with high stereoselectivity and generality. Subsequent preparative-scale demonstrations highlighted the utility of this reaction by providing iodinated pyridines90:10 er and in good chemical yield.

Published
2022

10. Atroposelective Negishi Coupling Optimization Guided by Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis: Asymmetric Synthesis of KRAS G12C Covalent Inhibitor GDC-6036

Author

Jie Xu, Samantha Grosslight, Kyle A. Mack, Sierra C. Nguyen, Kyle Clagg, Ngiap-Kie Lim, Jacob C. Timmerman, Jeff Shen, Nicholas A. White, Lauren E. Sirois, Chong Han, Haiming Zhang, Matthew S. Sigman, and Francis Gosselin

Subjects
Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras), Colloid and Surface Chemistry, Pyridines, Linear Models, Quinazolines, Antineoplastic Agents, General Chemistry, Biochemistry, Catalysis
Abstract

An efficient asymmetric synthesis of a potent KRAS G12C covalent inhibitor, GDC-6036 (

Published
2022

11. Young Dutch people’s everyday experiences of romance and sexuality: A mixed-method approach

Author

Wieke G. Dalenberg, Margaretha C. Timmerman, Paul L.C. Van Geert, and Elske S. Kunnen

Subjects
adolescent sexuality, love/romantic, mixed-methods diary, everyday life, Social Sciences
Abstract

Objectives: This exploratory study assessed young Dutch people’s emerging sexual experiences in everyday life, in addition to examine the feasibility of a mixed-methods diary study. Methods: Using one-week diaries, 12- –17-year-olds recorded qualitative reports of their everyday romantic and sexual experiences. Results: The qualitative findings identify “Making Contact” as a profound theme; however, it was expressed differently for each romantic and sexual experience. Contrary to the general idea, girls did not report more about romantic topics than boys did, nor did boys report more about sexual activities than girls did. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the importance of incorporating a broad spectrum of everyday-life romantic and sexual experiences in future research, and have provided valuable support for the implementation of a forthcoming two-year diary study.

Published
2016
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13. Preparation of ( S )‐ N ‐Boc‐5‐oxaproline

Author

Claudia E. Murar, Thibault J. Harmand, Hikaru Takano, Jeffrey W. Bode, Jacob C. Timmerman, Yu‐Wen Huang, and John L. Wood

Subjects
010405 organic chemistry, Chemistry, Organic chemistry, 5-oxaproline, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences
Published
2019

14. Kinetics and Mechanism of the Gold-Catalyzed Hydroamination of 1,1-Dimethylallene with N-Methylaniline

Author

Alethea N. Duncan, Ross A. Widenhoefer, Robert G. Carden, Jacob C. Timmerman, Robert J. Harris, and Kohki Nakafuku

Subjects
Aniline Compounds, Chemistry, Allene, Organic Chemistry, Kinetics, Cationic polymerization, General Chemistry, Medicinal chemistry, Catalysis, chemistry.chemical_compound, Aniline, Transition metal, N-Methylaniline, Hydroamination, Gold
Abstract

The mechanism of the intermolecular hydroamination of 3-methylbuta-1,2-diene (1) with N-methylaniline (2) catalyzed by (IPr)AuOTf has been studied by employing a combination of kinetic analysis, deuterium labelling studies, and in situ spectral analysis of catalytically active mixtures. The results of these and additional experiments are consistent with a mechanism for hydroamination involving reversible, endergonic displacement of N-methylaniline from [(IPr)Au(NHMePh)]+ (4) by allene to form the cationic gold π-C1,C2-allene complex [(IPr)Au(η2 -H2 C=C=CMe2 )]+ (I), which is in rapid, endergonic equilibrium with the regioisomeric π-C2,C3-allene complex [(IPr)Au(η2 -Me2 C=C=CH2 )]+ (I'). Rapid and reversible outer-sphere addition of 2 to the terminal allene carbon atom of I' to form gold vinyl complex (IPr)Au[C(=CH2 )CMe2 NMePh] (II) is superimposed on the slower addition of 2 to the terminal allene carbon atom of I to form gold vinyl complex (IPr)Au[C(=CMe2 )CH2 NMePh] (III). Selective protodeauration of III releases N-methyl-N-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)aniline (3 a) with regeneration of 4. At high conversion, gold vinyl complex II is competitively trapped by an (IPr)Au+ fragment to form the cationic bis(gold) vinyl complex {[(IPr)Au]2 [C(=CH2 )CMe2 NMePh]}+ (6).

Published
2021

15. College and Career Readiness Knowledge and Effectiveness: Findings from an Initial Inquiry in Indiana

Author

Oscar G. VazQuez, Michael W. Harvey, and Lorna C. Timmerman

Subjects
Medical education, ComputingMilieux_THECOMPUTINGPROFESSION, Knowledge level, 05 social sciences, 050301 education, ComputingMilieux_GENERAL, Workforce, ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION, Developmental and Educational Psychology, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Psychology (miscellaneous), Psychology, 0503 education, 050104 developmental & child psychology
Abstract

College and career readiness (CCR) cannot be overstatedfor today’s high school students. The rigor of postsecondaryeducation and the demands of the workforce have dramaticallyshifted to adv...

Published
2018

16. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Hippolachnin A Analogues

Author

Jacob C. Timmerman and John L. Wood

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Molecular Structure, Chemistry, 030106 microbiology, Organic Chemistry, Fungi, Computational biology, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, 0104 chemical sciences, Structure-Activity Relationship, 03 medical and health sciences, Polyketide, Polyketides, Structure–activity relationship, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Biological evaluation
Abstract

The marine polyketide hippolachnin A (1) has attracted considerable attention from synthetic chemists due to both its intricate core structure and attractive biological activity against virulent fungi. Described herein are recent efforts to employ our recently developed synthesis in structure-activity relationship studies of 1. These studies have revealed that, in contrast to initial reports, 1 and several structural analogues lack activity against pathogenic fungi.

Published
2018

17. syn-Dispiro[1,3-dioxolane-2,17′-pentacyclo[12.2.1.16,9.02,13.05,10]octadecane-18′,2′′-[1,3]dioxolane]-7′,15′-diene

Author

Rulla M. Kachlan, Macey C. Ruble, Jacob C. Timmerman, Markus Etzkorn, and Daniel S. Jones

Subjects
Crystallography, QD901-999
Abstract

The title compound, C22H28O4, is composed of a central octadecane ring and two spiro[bicyclo[2.2.1]hept[2]ene-7,2′-[1,3]dioxolane] units. This polycycle has pseudo twofold symmetry and the central cyclooctane ring has a distorted boat configuration.

Published
2010
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18. anti-1′,6′,7′,8′,9′,14′,15′,16′-Octachlorodispiro[1,3-dioxolane-2,17′-pentacyclo[12.2.1.16,9.02,13.05,10]octadecane-18′,2′′-1,3-dioxolane]-7′,15′-diene

Author

Megan E. Tenbusch, Matthew D. Brooker, Jacob C. Timmerman, Daniel S. Jones, and Markus Etzkorn

Subjects
Crystallography, QD901-999
Abstract

The title compound, C22H20Cl8O4, was prepared as part of the synthesis of precursors for the preparation of fluorinated molecular tweezers. The molecule sits on an inversion center, thus requiring that the cyclooctane ring adopt a chair conformation.

Published
2010
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19. Total Synthesis of Caesalpinnone A and Caesalpinflavan B: Evolution of a Concise Strategy

Author

Noah J Sims, John L. Wood, and Jacob C. Timmerman

Subjects
Steric effects, chemistry.chemical_classification, Flavonoids, Alkene, Enantioselective synthesis, Total synthesis, Stereoisomerism, General Chemistry, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Combinatorial chemistry, Catalysis, 0104 chemical sciences, Benzopyran, chemistry.chemical_compound, Colloid and Surface Chemistry, Chalcones, chemistry, Stepwise approach, Oxidation-Reduction, Conjugate
Abstract

The total syntheses of caesalpinnone A (1) and its putative biosynthetic precursor caesalpinflavan B (3) are described. Herein, we describe the evolution of a synthetic strategy toward 1 and 3, which entails a convergent Barluenga coupling that quickly delivers a heavily functionalized benzopyran containing the core carbon framework and exploration of two distinct synthetic routes for forging the flavanoid C-ring by reducing a sterically encumbered embedded alkene: one via a stepwise approach and a second, more direct and atom-economical, enabled by a Shenvi-HAT hydrogenation. The latter strategy allowed access to caesalpinflavan B in 6 steps after Pd-mediated deallylation. A late-stage dearomative phenolic oxidation and deallylation/oxa-Michael cascade was implemented to access caesalpinnone A (1) in 7 steps. We also describe an enantioselective total synthesis and stereochemical revision of (-)-caesalpinflavan B, as well as a formal enantioselective synthesis of (-)-caesalpinnone A, by implementing an enantioselective Pd-catalyzed conjugate addition developed by Stoltz.

Published
2019

20. Gold-Catalyzed Intermolecular, anti-Markovnikov Hydroarylation of Methylenecyclopropanes with Indoles

Author

Ross A. Widenhoefer, William W. Schmitt, and Jacob C. Timmerman

Subjects
010405 organic chemistry, Chemistry, Ligand, Organic Chemistry, Intermolecular force, Markovnikov's rule, Cationic polymerization, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Medicinal chemistry, 0104 chemical sciences, Catalysis, chemistry.chemical_compound, Yield (chemistry), Organic chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Carbene
Abstract

Cationic gold complexes containing an N-heterocyclic carbene ligand catalyze the intermolecular anti-Markovnikov hydroarylation of monosubstituted and cis- and trans-disubstituted methylenecyclopropanes (MCPs) with N-alkyl and 1,2-dialkyl indoles to form the corresponding 3-(cyclopropylmethyl)indoles in high regio- and diastereoselectivity and in good to excellent chemical yield.

Published
2016

21. Preparation, structures and preliminary host–guest studies of fluorinated syn-bis-quinoxaline molecular tweezers

Author

Markus Etzkorn, Jacob C. Timmerman, Matthew D. Brooker, Xin Yu, and Michael Gerken

Subjects
crystal structure, fluorine, molecular tweezers, quinoxalines, self-association, Science, Organic chemistry, QD241-441
Abstract

A series of polycyclic frameworks with fluorinated syn-facial quinoxaline sidewalls has been prepared as potential molecular tweezers for electron-rich guest compounds. Our synthetic route to the cyclooctadiene-derived scaffolds 16a–d takes advantage of the facile isolation of a novel spirocyclic precursor 9b with the crucial syn-orientation of its two alkene moieties. The crystal structure of 16c displays two features typical of a molecular tweezer: inclusion of a solvent molecule in the molecular cleft and self-association of the self-complementary scaffolds. Furthermore, host–guest NMR studies of compound 16c in solution show chemical exchange between the unbound and bound electron-rich guest, N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine.

Published
2010
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22. Gold-Catalyzed Intermolecular anti-Markovnikov Hydroamination of Methylenecyclopropanes with 2-Pyridones

Author

Jacob C. Timmerman and Ross A. Widenhoefer

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Intermolecular force, Markovnikov's rule, Cationic polymerization, Homogeneous catalysis, General Chemistry, Hydroamination, Medicinal chemistry, Phosphine, Catalysis
Abstract

The cationic gold phosphine complex [(o-biphenylPCy2)Au(NCMe)]+ SbF6− catalyzes the intermolecular, anti-Markovnikov hydroamination of methylenecyclopropanes (MCPs) with 2-pyridones at 80 °C. The transformation was effective for a range of pyridones and for monosubstituted and cis- and trans-disubstituted MCPs to form 1-cyclopropylmethyl-2-pyridones with excellent regio- and diastereoselectivity in moderate to good yields.

Published
2015

23. Gold(I)-Catalyzed Intramolecular Hydroamination of Unactivated Terminal and Internal Alkenes with 2-Pyridones

Author

Sébastien Laulhé, Jacob C. Timmerman, and Ross A. Widenhoefer

Subjects
010405 organic chemistry, Stereochemistry, Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Cationic polymerization, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Medicinal chemistry, 0104 chemical sciences, Catalysis, chemistry.chemical_compound, Intramolecular force, Yield (chemistry), Hydroamination, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Phosphine
Abstract

The cationic gold phosphine complex [(P1)Au(NCMe)]+SbF6– [P1 = P(t-Bu)2o-biphenyl; 2] catalyzes the intramolecular hydroamination of 6-alkenyl-2-pyridones to form 1,6-carboannulated 2-pyridones in high yield. The hydroamination of 6-(γ-alkenyl)-2-pyridones was effective for monosubstituted and 1,1- and 1,2-disubstituted aliphatic alkenes, and the method was likewise effective for the hydroamination of 6-(δ-alkenyl)-2-pyridones. Spectroscopic analysis of mixtures of 6-(3-butenyl)-2-pyridone, (P1)AuCl, and AgSbF6 established the N-bound 2-hydroxypyridine complex [(P1)Au(NC6H3-2-OH-6-CH2CH2CH═CH2)]+ SbF6– as the catalyst resting state.

Published
2017

24. Enantioselective Intramolecular Hydroamination of Unactivated Alkenes Catalyzed by Mono- and Bis(gold) Phosphine Complexes

Author

Ross A. Widenhoefer, Jacob C. Timmerman, and Seong Du Lee

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Intramolecular force, Enantioselective synthesis, Stereoselectivity, General Chemistry, Hydroamination, Medicinal chemistry, Pyrrolidine, Phosphine, Catalysis
Abstract

The title process allows the cyclization of unactivated alkenes with carbamates and ureas to form pyrrolidine derivatives with enantioselectivities up to 85%.

Published
2014

26. ChemInform Abstract: Gold-Catalyzed Intermolecular anti-Markovnikov Hydroamination of Methylenecyclopropanes with 2-Pyridones

Author

Jacob C. Timmerman and Ross A. Widenhoefer

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_compound, Chemistry, Intermolecular force, Markovnikov's rule, Cationic polymerization, General Medicine, Hydroamination, Medicinal chemistry, Phosphine, Catalysis
Abstract

The cationic gold phosphine complex [(o-biphenylPCy2)Au(NCMe)]+ SbF6− catalyzes the intermolecular, anti-Markovnikov hydroamination of methylenecyclopropanes (MCPs) with 2-pyridones at 80 °C. The transformation was effective for a range of pyridones and for monosubstituted and cis- and trans-disubstituted MCPs to form 1-cyclopropylmethyl-2-pyridones with excellent regio- and diastereoselectivity in moderate to good yields.

Published
2016

27. Accommodations in the College Setting: The Perspectives of Students Living with Disabilities

Author

Thalia M. Mulvihill and Lorna C. Timmerman

Subjects
Cultural Studies, Medical education, Social Psychology, Higher education, Least restrictive environment, business.industry, Attendance, Special education, Education, Pedagogy, ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION, Psychology, business, Statistics education, Inclusion (education), Graduation, Qualitative research
Abstract

"I have learned that success is to be measured not so much by the position that one has reached in life as by the obstacles which he has overcome while trying to succeed." --Booker T. Washington High school students with disabilities are attending institutions of postsecondary education in rapidly increasing numbers, with their rate of college attendance more than doubling in the past twenty years (Lovett & Lewandowski, 2006). Today, 10.8% of all students enrolled in postsecondary institutions are students with disabilities (National Center for Education Statistics, 2011). This number is an underestimate of the actual number of students with disabilities in attendance, however, as many college students choose not to disclose their disability (Cook, Rumrill, & Tankersley, 2009). Students with disabilities in the secondary educational system are protected by the Individuals with Disabilities Improvement Act of 2004 (IDEIA), which mandates that high schools provide a free and appropriate public education in the least restrictive environment by developing special education programs and services which strive to meet each individual student's special learning needs. It can be a real shock for students with disabilities to learn upon graduation from high school and admission to college that the rights and protections for special education services afforded to them under the auspices of IDEIA no longer apply in their postsecondary educations. In high school, IDEIA places "the burden on the school to find and serve the student with an IEP. In higher education the burden is on the student, not the school, to find the appropriate services and navigate through higher education" (Wolanin & Steele, 2004, p. 27). Students with disabilities who pursue a college education are protected under the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 --both are civil rights laws that prohibit discrimination against a student whose "physical or mental disability substantially limits one of more major life activities, such as. . . learning." Section 504 is designed to level the playing field for students with disabilities by barring discrimination and providing equal access to all students. Section 504 provides that "no otherwise qualified individual with a disability ... shall, solely by reason of her or his disability, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity receiving federal financial assistance." Thus, Section 504 provides students with disabilities a means to receive accommodations such that they can have access to all school programs and activities. This research project was undertaken to learn more about the perceptions of college students living with disability concerning their use of accommodations, modifications and adaptations in program requirements, classroom instruction, and assessment and how these accommodations support (or do not support) students living with disability in their college experiences. Participants were asked to discuss their perceptions of barriers and facilitators to disclosing their disability and seeking services from the disability office. The participants' perceptions of the usefulness of accommodations as well as their perceptions of faculty and peer attitudes regarding students with disability and the role of accommodations for students with disability were also elicited. The candidly expressed perceptions of the students with disabilities regarding their accommodation use can provide insight for disability support and other student services personnel, transition specialists, faculty, and other students with disabilities who are negotiating with themselves whether or not to disclose their disabling condition at the postsecondary level. One of the beauties and unique purposes of qualitative research is that it can truly delve into the deepest thoughts and feelings and experiences of the people researchers wish to explore. …

Published
2015

28. ChemInform Abstract: Gold-Catalyzed Intermolecular anti-Markovnikov Hydroamination of Alkylidenecyclopropanes

Author

Bradley D. Robertson, Ross A. Widenhoefer, and Jacob C. Timmerman

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_compound, stomatognathic system, Chemistry, Intermolecular force, Markovnikov's rule, Cationic polymerization, General Medicine, Hydroamination, Medicinal chemistry, Phosphine, Catalysis
Abstract

The anti-Markovnikov hydroamination reaction of mono- and disubstituted alkylidenecyclopropanes (ACP) in the presence of a cationic gold phosphine complex is studied.

Published
2015

29. ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Intramolecular Hydroamination of Unactivated Alkenes Catalyzed by Mono- and Bis(gold) Phosphine Complexes

Author

Seong Du Lee, Jacob C. Timmerman, and Ross A. Widenhoefer

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_compound, Chemistry, Intramolecular force, Enantioselective synthesis, Organic chemistry, General Medicine, Hydroamination, Medicinal chemistry, Pyrrole derivatives, Pyrrolidine, Phosphine, Catalysis
Abstract

The title process allows the cyclization of unactivated alkenes with carbamates and ureas to form pyrrolidine derivatives with enantioselectivities up to 85%.

Published
2015

30. Genetic Consequences of Many Generations of Hybridization Between Divergent Copepod Populations

Author

C. C. Timmerman, H. V. Feaman, J. S. Harrison, and Suzanne Edmands

Subjects
Linkage disequilibrium, Outbreeding depression, Population, Biology, California, Linkage Disequilibrium, Copepoda, Gene Frequency, Genetics, Animals, Tigriopus californicus, Computer Simulation, education, Molecular Biology, Allele frequency, Genetics (clinical), Hybrid, education.field_of_study, Genetic Carrier Screening, Reproduction, biology.organism_classification, Genetics, Population, Backcrossing, Hybridization, Genetic, Microsatellite, Microsatellite Repeats, Biotechnology
Abstract

Crosses between populations of the copepod Tigriopus californicus typically result in outbreeding depression. In this study, replicate hybrid populations were initiated with first generation backcross hybrids between two genetically distinct populations from California: Royal Palms (RP) and San Diego (SD). Reciprocal F(1) were backcrossed to SD, resulting in expected starting frequencies of 25% RP/75% SD nuclear genes on either a pure RP cytoplasmic or a pure SD cytoplasmic background. After 1 year of hybridization (up to 15 generations), seven microsatellite loci were scored in two replicates on each cytoplasmic background. Frequencies of the rarer RP alleles increased significantly in all four replicates, regardless of cytoplasmic source, producing a mean hybridity of 0.97 (maximum = 1), instead of the expected 0.50. Explicit tests for heterozygote excess across loci and replicates showed significant deviations. Only the two physically linked markers showed linkage disequilibrium in all replicates. Subsequent fitness assays in parental populations and early generation hybrids revealed lower fitness in RP than SD, and significant F(2) breakdown. Computer simulations showed that selection must be invoked to explain the shift in allele frequencies. Together, these results suggest that hybrid inferiority in early generations gave way to hybrid superiority in later generations.

Published
2004

31. Modeling Factors Affecting the Severity of Outbreeding Depression

Author

Suzanne Edmands and Charles C. Timmerman

Subjects
Genetics, education.field_of_study, Ecology, Heterosis, Population size, Outbreeding depression, Population, Outcrossing, Biology, Genetic load, Inbreeding depression, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Local adaptation
Abstract

Hybridization between populations may cause either increased fitness ("hybrid vigor") or de- creased fitness ("outbreeding depression"). Translocation between populations may therefore in some cases be a successful means of combating genetic erosion and preserving evolutionary potential, whereas in other cases it may make the situation worse by inducing outbreeding depression. Because genetic distance alone is a poor predictor of the success or failure of hybridization, we developed a computer model (ELAB) to explore other factors affecting the consequences of hybridization. Our model simulates diploid, unisexual popula- tions following Mendelian rules, and in this study we used it to test the effect of a variety of parameters on both the magnitude and duration of outbreeding depression. We focused our simulations on the effects of (1) divergence between populations, (2) the genetic basis of outbreeding depression (disruption of local adap- tation vs. intrinsic coadaptation), (3) population parameters such as mutation rate and recombination rate, and (4) alternative management schemes (50:50 mixture vs. one migrant per generation). The magnitude of outbreeding depression increased linearly with genetic distance, whereas the duration of outbreeding de- pression showed a more complex curvilinear relationship. With genetic distance held constant, magnitude in- creased with larger population size, lower mutation rate, cross-fertilization, and higher recombination rate, whereas duration increased with larger population size and partial self-fertilization. Fitness problems caused by disruption of local adaptation were stronger but more transient than those caused by a disruption of in- trinsic coadaptation. Finally, simulations showed that, depending on the genetic basis of outcrossing prob- lems, recurrent transfer of only one migrant per generation into a population of 100 individuals could cause as much or more damage as a one-time 50:50 mixture.

Published
2003

32. anti-1',6',7',8',9',14',15',16'-Octa-chloro-dispiro-[1,3-dioxolane-2,17'-penta-cyclo-[12.2.1.1.0.0]octa-decane-18',2'-1,3-dioxolane]-7',15'-diene

Author

Megan E, Tenbusch, Matthew D, Brooker, Jacob C, Timmerman, Daniel S, Jones, and Markus, Etzkorn

Subjects
Organic Papers
Abstract

The title compound, C(22)H(20)Cl(8)O(4), was prepared as part of the synthesis of precursors for the preparation of fluorinated mol-ecular tweezers. The mol-ecule sits on an inversion center, thus requiring that the cyclo-octane ring adopt a chair conformation.

Published
2010

33. Preparation, structures and preliminary host–guest studies of fluorinated syn-bis-quinoxaline molecular tweezers

Author

Xin Yu, Michael Gerken, Markus Etzkorn, Matthew D. Brooker, and Jacob C. Timmerman

Subjects
crystal structure, molecular tweezers, Self association, chemistry.chemical_element, Crystal structure, macromolecular substances, lcsh:QD241-441, chemistry.chemical_compound, Quinoxaline, lcsh:Organic chemistry, fluorine, lcsh:Science, chemistry.chemical_classification, Solvent molecule, Alkene, Chemical exchange, Organic Chemistry, Preliminary Communication, Combinatorial chemistry, Chemistry, chemistry, Fluorine, quinoxalines, lcsh:Q, Molecular tweezers, self-association
Abstract

A series of polycyclic frameworks with fluorinated syn-facial quinoxaline sidewalls has been prepared as potential molecular tweezers for electron-rich guest compounds. Our synthetic route to the cyclooctadiene-derived scaffolds 16a–d takes advantage of the facile isolation of a novel spirocyclic precursor 9b with the crucial syn-orientation of its two alkene moieties. The crystal structure of 16c displays two features typical of a molecular tweezer: inclusion of a solvent molecule in the molecular cleft and self-association of the self-complementary scaffolds. Furthermore, host–guest NMR studies of compound 16c in solution show chemical exchange between the unbound and bound electron-rich guest, N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine.

Published
2010

34. Open, randomized comparison of pefloxacin and cefotaxime in the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections

Author

C. Timmerman, I. Hoepelman, J. Verhoef, J. de Hond, T. Boon, L. Schreinemachers, and H. Mensink

Subjects
Adult, Male, Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, Cefotaxime, medicine.drug_class, Urinary system, medicine.medical_treatment, Antibiotics, Urine, Gastroenterology, Pefloxacin, Recurrence, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Adverse effect, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Chemotherapy, Pyelonephritis, business.industry, Enterobacteriaceae Infections, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Surgery, Ciprofloxacin, Infectious Diseases, Urinary Tract Infections, Female, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

In an open, randomized study, the effect of pefloxacin (400 mg b.i.d.) was compared with that of cefotaxime (1 g t.i.d.) in the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections. In total 87 patients entered the study under the clinical diagnosis of complicated urinary tract infection, of whom 49 were eligible for evaluation. Most isolates (90%) belonged to the family of Enterobacteriaceae. Isolates were eradicated from 96% (28/29) of patients treated with pefloxacin and 89% (16/18) of those receiving cefotaxime 48 h after the end of therapy. After one week a total of 92% (22/24) of patients treated with pefloxacin were culture negative, while in the group treated with cefotaxime a total of 82% (9/11) were culture negative. After four to six weeks, 68% (13/19) in the pefloxacin and 80% (8/10) in the cefotaxime study group showed a negative urine culture (difference non-significant; p greater than 0.5). Clinical cure at the end of treatment was 97% (30/31) in the pefloxacin group vs. 89% (16/18) in the cefotaxime group. Both groups showed similar relapse and reinfection rates at 48 h and one week after therapy. Adverse effects were mild and reversible for both drugs. It is concluded that pefloxacin is a safe and effective alternative for treatment of complicated urinary tract infection.

Published
1992

35. A distinct phenotype characterizes tumors from a putative genetic trait involving chondrosarcoma and breast cancer occurring in the same patient

Author

Herman M. Kroon, Christi J. van Asperen, Anne-Marie Cleton-Jansen, Marc J. van de Vijver, Paul H. C. Eilers, Pancras C.W. Hogendoorn, Michel C Timmerman, and Pathology

Subjects
Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, DNA Mutational Analysis, Chondrosarcoma, Estrogen receptor, Bone Neoplasms, Breast Neoplasms, Biology, Adenocarcinoma, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Immunoenzyme Techniques, Neoplasms, Multiple Primary, Breast cancer, medicine, Enchondroma, Biomarkers, Tumor, Cluster Analysis, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, skin and connective tissue diseases, CHEK2, Molecular Biology, Cancer, DNA, Neoplasm, Cell Biology, medicine.disease, Checkpoint Kinase 2, Phenotype, Receptors, Estrogen, Female, Sarcoma, Tumor Suppressor Protein p53, Chondroma
Abstract

Recently, we documented an increased risk for the occurrence of breast- and cartilaginous tumors in the same patient, statistically pointing towards a potential genetic trait. This trait is most probably not associated with mutations in the two major hereditary breast cancer genes since no cases of enchondroma or chondrosarcoma were found in Dutch BRCA1 and BRCA2 families. We were able to collect and review the tumor tissue samples from 34 patients with both breast- and cartilaginous tumors and compared histopathological and immunohistochemical features of these tumors with controls. Breast cancer controls were available from literature data generated to compare familial breast cancers with nonselected cases. Clinical markers for chondrosarcoma controls were collected from the Netherlands Committee of Bone Tumors. Immunohistochemical data on chondro-tumor controls were available from our own files. Breast tumors of patients with cartilaginous sarcomas showed a significantly higher mitotic count (P=0.001), contained less lymphocyte infiltrate (P=0.025) and less nuclear pleomorphism. Remarkably, all cartilaginous tumors are of one common histological category originating centrally (P=0.014). Estrogen receptor and p53 expression were significantly higher (P

Published
2003

37. Jane Johnson and Anne Van Rensselaer (eds): Siblings: The Autism Spectrum Through Our Eyes

Author

Lorna C. Timmerman

Subjects
Psychoanalysis, media_common.quotation_subject, education, Perspective (graphical), Embarrassment, Viewpoints, medicine.disease, humanities, Developmental psychology, mental disorders, Developmental and Educational Psychology, medicine, Autism, Narrative, Sibling, Psychology, media_common
Abstract

There is much written about individuals on the autism spectrum but relatively little about the siblings of children with autism. Growing up with a sibling on the spectrum can be difficult at best. Embarrassment, constant annoyance and lack of attention may be daily occurrences for the siblings of children with autism, but this book highlights that there are also many positive qualities of having a sibling with autism. To combat this underrepresentation of the sibling perspective and to illuminate the fact that siblings of autism are not alone, Siblings: The Autism Spectrum Through Our Eyes was written to focus on the equally rewarding aspects of having a sibling on the spectrum. The book begins with a brief preface that acknowledges that although there are many support groups for siblings of children on the spectrum, not everyone has access to such a group. This book was written to help these siblings feel less alone and to read about others’ viewpoints and encounters with having a sibling on the spectrum. The book is then divided into two parts, beginning with a 13-chapter section for Younger Children and Parents. The second part (six chapters) is geared towards Teenagers and Parents. Chapter 17 is a poem while the rest of the chapters in the book are narratives. Each chapter is written by a sibling of a person on the autism spectrum. The age of each chapter’s author is provided to give reference to the chapter. Ages of authors range from 9 to 41, with siblings of similar ages. Some sibling authors are in the throes of dealing with daily tantrums and issues while other sibling authors have moved away and are living independently from their sibling with autism. Many different occurrences, incidents and perspectives are offered throughout the book, which allows most every reader to relate to some author’s experiences. Siblings: The Autism Spectrum Through Our Eyes should be read by all persons desiring a better understanding of the issues that siblings of children with autism experience. This book is a good read for parents and young adult siblings of children with autism. It offers wisdom of those who have gone before to those now dealing with the issues of having a sibling with autism. It is a concise, 94-page book that will help readers truly understand and appreciate those on the spectrum and how their brothers and sisters perceive their both positive and not-so-positive experiences of having a sibling on the autism spectrum.

Published
2011

39. syn-Dispiro[1,3-dioxolane-2,17′-pentacyclo[12.2.1.16,9.02,13.05,10]octadecane-18′,2′′-[1,3]dioxolane]-7′,15′-diene

Author

Jacob C. Timmerman, Markus Etzkorn, Rulla M. Kachlan, Daniel S. Jones, and Macey C. Ruble

Subjects
Diene, Bicyclic molecule, 02 engineering and technology, General Chemistry, Decane, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 010403 inorganic & nuclear chemistry, Condensed Matter Physics, Ring (chemistry), Organic Papers, 01 natural sciences, Medicinal chemistry, 3. Good health, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Dioxolane, General Materials Science, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

The title compound, C(22)H(28)O(4), is composed of a central octa-decane ring and two spiro-[bicyclo-[2.2.1]hept[2]ene-7,2'-[1,3]dioxolane] units. This polycycle has pseudo twofold symmetry and the central cyclo-octane ring has a distorted boat configuration.

Published
2010

41. The Netherlands Bank's narrow monetary policy

Author

P. C. Timmerman

Subjects
Economics and Econometrics, Money market, Endogenous money, Monetarism, Open market operation, Monetary policy, Economics, Monetary economics, Sterilization (economics), Monetary base, Crowding out
Abstract

In his article Mr. Timmerman describes the way the Netherlands Bank conducts its so-called narrow monetary policy,i.e. the policy pursued in the money and foreign exchange markets. The developments during the period October 1979–July 1981 serve as example of how movements in Dutch money market rates are dominated by exogenous factors. The author concludes that in a small open economy which maintains a stable exchange rate there is no room for an independent money market policy and that the hectic developments in the international money and foreign exchange markets have made illusory what until very recently was regarded as the most important objective of the narrow monetary policy,viz. an orderly money market.

Published
1982

42. Migration, acculturation and utilization of primary health care

Author

P. Van der Stuyft, C. Timmerman, A. De Muynck, and L Schillemans

Subjects
Gerontology, Male, Mental Health Services, Health (social science), Turkey, Turkish, Ethnic group, Primary health care, Social issues, Health services, Sociology, History and Philosophy of Science, Belgium, Health care, Medicine, Humans, Primary Health Care, business.industry, Emigration and Immigration, Health Services, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Acculturation, language.human_language, Morocco, Italy, language, Residence, Female, Human medicine, business, Demography
Abstract

This study explored the roles of acculturation, urban-rural provenance and length of residence as determinants of the utilization pattern of first line health services by Moroccan, Turkish and Italian migrants in Belgium. Concurrently, utilization characteristics were recorded in Belgian reference patients. With increasing acculturation the demand for preventive care decreased, vague complaints became more prevalent, the delay before consulting for a curative problem shortened and the prognosis improved. There was no correlation between the occurrence of psychological problems and acculturation but, except for 1544 year old female migrants, the rate of social problems was negatively associated with this study factor. Migrants with an urban background consulted earlier and presented more frequently vague complaints than migrants from rural provenance. We observed no significant influence of length of residence on utilization characteristics and only a marginal influence on morbidity pattern. Although acculturation seems to be a strong determinant of the migrant's utilization pattern of primary health care services, it does not consistently lead to a decrease of utilization differentials with the Belgian reference population. This may imply that there is a need for public health interventions targeted at ethnic minorities.

Published
1989

43. Neuromuscular blocking properties of various antibiotic agents

Author

J. C. Timmerman, C. B. Pittinger, and J.P. Long

Subjects
Pharmacology, Penicillin G Potassium, Neuromuscular Blockade, Oleandomycin, business.industry, Chemistry, Streptomycin Sulfate, Neuromuscular Junction, Polymyxin B Sulfate, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, Toxicology, Neomycin Sulfate, Tubocurarine chloride, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Biochemistry, medicine, business, Dihydrostreptomycin Sulfate, Antibiotics, Antitubercular, medicine.drug
Abstract

Neomycin sulfate, streptomycin sulfate, dihydrostreptomycin sulfate, polymyxin B sulfate, and kanamycin sulfate produced neuromuscular blockade in the rabbit at various dosage levels. The blocking action of these five drugs, with the exception of polymyxin B sulfate, was enhanced by the simultaneous administration of d -tubocurarine chloride. Neostigmine methylsulfate antagonized the neuromuscular blockade produced by neomycin sulfate, streptomycin sulfate, and dihydrostreptomycin sulfate. Neostigmine methylsulfate tended to enhance the neuromuscular blocking action of polymyxin B sulfate and kanamycin sulfate. Tetracycline HCl, ristocetin, oleandomycin, erythromycin, bacitracin and penicillin G potassium showed no neuromuscular blocking activity. All of the antibiotics, except potassium penicillin G and ristocetin, tended to cause hypotension.

Published
1959

44. Day-night differences of body temperature and heart rate after exercise

Author

Steven M. Horvath, G. Edgar Folk, and Jay C. Timmerman

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Nutrition and Dietetics, Physiology, business.industry, Physical Exertion, Heart, Cardiovascular physiology, Body Temperature, Heart Rate, Physiology (medical), Internal medicine, Heart rate, Cardiology, Medicine, Exertion, business, Exercise
Published
1959

45. Feedback

Author

J. C. TIMMERMAN

Subjects
Oncology, Hematology
Published
1968

46. Air Conditioning Unit for Fiber Research Laboratories

Author

Walter C. Timmerman

Subjects
Materials science, Polymers and Plastics, Air conditioning, business.industry, Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous), Fiber, Composite material, business, Unit (housing)
Published
1956

47. Efficiency and resolution measurements of x-ray transmission gratings between 71 and 304 Å

Author

C. Timmerman, A. C. Brinkman, W. F. P. A. L. Geerlings, F. A. van Rooijen, P. A. J. de Korte, and J. H. Dijkstra

Subjects
Physics, business.industry, Materials Science (miscellaneous), Resolution (electron density), Coma (optics), Grating, Radiation, Diffraction efficiency, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Wavelength, Optics, Business and International Management, Spectral resolution, business, Diffraction grating
Abstract

Efficiency and resolution measurements are reported of an x-ray transmission grating to be flown on board the European X-ray Observatory Satellite (EXOSAT). By optimizing the thickness of the grating bars, very high efficiencies can be obtained over a limited energy range. An absolute efficiency of 20% at 7.1 A decreasing to 10% above 15 A has been achieved, including all effects of support structure and mounting necessary to withstand space qualification. This means that 10% of the incoming radiation at 7.1 A results in the minus first spectral order and 10% in the plus first order. The measured resolution at the short wavelength end of the range (lambda20 A) is determined by the mirror resolution; at the longer wavelengths (300 A), the effects of coma and astigmatism dominate. The measured resolution at 304 A for the EXOSAT-mirror-grating system is 4.5 A in agreement with theoretical predictions.

Published
1980

48. Identifying clouds over the Pierre Auger Observatory using infrared satellite data

Author

M. Zavrtanik, N. Nierstenhoefer, R. Dallier, F. Salamida, J. F. Valdés Galicia, K. H. Becker, I. De Mitri, A. Gascon Bravo, A. Saftoiu, D. Garcia-Gamez, S. T. Garcia Roca, B. Gookin, D. Melo, David Walz, D. Pakk Selmi-Dei, R. Sato, M. Niechciol, D. B. Tridapalli, A. Segreto, A.M. van den Berg, Darko Veberič, I. Rodriguez Cabo, B. Sarkar, J. L. Navarro, M. Videla, J. C. Diaz, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira, R. Tcaciuc, F. Montanet, J. C. dos Anjos, Petr Schovanek, D. Maurizio, J. C. Moreno, C. Aramo, Lorenzo Caccianiga, Y. Guardincerri, G. Müller, J.M. Chirinos, B. Rouillé-D'Orfeuil, Bruno Daniel, Pham Ngoc Diep, D. Garcia-Pinto, Radomir Smida, T. Yapici, J. J. Masías Meza, R. Gaior, S. H. Cheng, Heino Falcke, B. Tome, L. Buroker, J. Knapp, R. Bonino, J. Vicha, G. Wieczorek, A. Lopez Agüera, F. Diogo, F. Suarez, Sergio Dasso, T. Niggemann, R. M. de Almeida, P. Allison, A. Tapia, G. Cocciolo, H. Gemmeke, C. Rühle, V. de Souza, M. Unger, H. Wahlberg, L. Nellen, B. Zamorano Garcia, M. Buscemi, N. Scharf, V. Pirronello, F. Guarino, John Matthews, Peter Buchholz, M. S. A. B. Leão, C. Macolino, C. Hojvat, C. Morello, K. D. de Vries, D. Nosek, T. Yamamoto, R. M. Kieckhafer, C. Jarne, M. Tueros, J. Rautenberg, B. Revenu, Jan Ebr, M. Melissas, O. Wainberg, I.M. Brancus, D. Huber, S. Westerhoff, H. Glass, Marco Aglietta, W. C. Brown, A. Nelles, Jaime Alvarez-Muñiz, D. Schuster, M. A. Muller, Lu Lu, G. Marsella, D. Martraire, S. Gambetta, Peter L. Biermann, D. Harari, Alessandro Petrolini, B. Mitrica, M. Ludwig, J. Rosado, A. van Vliet, A. Tonachini, L. Nožka, A. Weindl, N. Hollon, V. Verzi, P. Brogueira, M. Urban, A. C. Rovero, C. Bleve, B. Keilhauer, V. H. Ponce, S. J. Sciutto, J. Schovancova, Paolo Privitera, L. Perrone, Jiri Chudoba, D. Torres Machado, H.O. Klages, G. Torralba Elipe, D. Kruppke-Hansen, B. Wundheiler, R. Krause, Gregory R Snow, Alina Mihaela Badescu, M. Oliveira, M. Ave, E. Trovato, J. Lozano Bahilo, Segev BenZvi, Corbin Covault, Maria-Teresa Dova, M. Gómez Berisso, R. C. Shellard, Azadeh Keivani, A. P. Ferguson, R. Alves Batista, C. Baus, A. Aminaei, Y. Petrov, J. Gitto, P. Hansen, A. Chiavassa, A. E. Herve, Lino Miramonti, Vincenzo Rizi, M. D. Rodríguez-Frías, Paul Sommers, R. Cester, B. J. Whelan, P. Gouffon, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho, M. Risse, D. Martello, M. Ziolkowski, O. Martínez Bravo, P. N. Dong, M. J. Cooper, F. Sánchez, M. Ambrosio, M. De Domenico, Jing Zhou, G. Toma, S. Mićanović, B. M. Baughman, L. R. Wiencke, T. A. Harrison, A. Porcelli, M. Tartare, J. W. Cronin, B. D. Fox, N. T. Thao, G. Parente, A. Gorgi, V. Marin, J. Espadanal, M. Palatka, P. W. Younk, A. Śmiałkowski, P. Pieroni, Peter Schiffer, V. Scherini, Nataliia Borodai, H. R. Marquez Falcon, Alejandro Almela, S. van Velzen, E. Menichetti, G. Matthiae, G. Varner, H. Spinka, Antonio Bueno, Sergio Pastor, I. M. Pepe, J. Oehlschläger, A. F. Barbosa, Maria Rita Coluccia, Miguel Mostafá, Dusan Mandat, Gualberto Avila, Ingomar Allekotte, Angela V. Olinto, M. Monasor, F. Arqueros, P. Necesal, P. Gonçalves, N. Palmieri, Markus Ahlers, J. K. Kulbartz, H. Rivera, E. Varela, N. Griffith, J. A.J. Matthews, Xavier Bertou, R. E. Burton, S. Jiraskova, T. Rossler, J. D. Swain, A. Menshikov, J. C. Marin, H. Schieler, A. Zepeda, R. Ulrich, Karl-Heinz Kampert, Antonella Castellina, E. M. Santos, Pedro Assis, A. Etchegoyen, K. Kadija, Carola Dobrigkeit, A. Insolia, M. Kleifges, D. Zavrtanik, I. Katkov, Javier Tiffenberg, J. Allen, E. Mayotte, R. Mussa, J. J. Beatty, P. Wahrlich, K. Louedec, J. Pȩkala, Mariangela Settimo, Iván Sidelnik, Alexey Yushkov, H. Dembinski, N. Fazzini, K. Weidenhaupt, J. Kleinfeller, Jose Chinellato, Alan Watson, M. I. Micheletti, T. Huege, A. Parra, S. J. De Jong, I. Zaw, O. Fratu, H. Cook, Jeffrey Brack, Olaf Scholten, P. Lautridou, M. Avenier, D. Thomas, Bruce R. Dawson, Y. N. Srivastava, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, T. Hebbeker, Julien Aublin, A. Widom, D. LaHurd, F. Werner, P.O. Mazur, J. Alvarez Castillo, F. Sarazin, Elton J. G. Santos, K. Link, M. Prouza, Piotr Homola, P. Facal San Luis, Rúben Conceição, P. Abreu, M. Josebachuili, D. Ravignani, Miroslav Hrabovský, Daniel Kuempel, Carlos Escobar, R. F. Gamarra, A. Haungs, J. Neuser, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, E. J. Ahn, A. Letessier-Selvon, L. Molina-Bueno, E. Kemp, S. Le Coz, Luis A. Anchordoqui, J. L. Harton, D. Monnier Ragaigne, Lorenzo Cazon, S. Maldera, C. Pfendner, I. A. Minaya, A. Bellétoile, A. Schmidt, H. Martinez, O. Krömer, P. Mantsch, Z. Szadkowski, Ivone F. M. Albuquerque, Ke Fang, N. Pacheco, Lukas Middendorf, M. Platino, G. Navarra, J. Bäuml, C. E. Santo, Francisco J. Blanco, Johannes Schulz, G. Golup, N. Kunka, F. Gomez Albarracin, M. Pimenta, C. A. Moura, Brian Fick, H. Blümer, Balázs Kégl, Moritz Münchmeyer, G. Rodriguez Fernandez, A. D. Supanitsky, Hernán Asorey, Christopher B. Williams, G. C. Hill, M. Zimbres Silva, T. Šuša, I. C. Mariş, Ralph Engel, M. Plum, E. Petermann, D. Nitz, J. Stapleton, Miroslav Pech, J. Ridky, M. L. Díaz Castro, G. Farrar, S. Fliescher, A. Stutz, Pavel Horvath, Kai Daumiller, M. S. Sutherland, Rémi Bardenet, Petr Travnicek, P. Lebrun, L. Tomankova, Trent D. Grubb, Sofia Andringa, R. Meyhandan, M. Ortiz, R. J. Lauer, Juan Manuel Figueira, Roberta Colalillo, P. Ristori, A. G. Mariazzi, S. Jansen, B. García, Mario Scuderi, S. Messina, G. Salina, A. Curutiu, Tobias Winchen, R. López, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, Olivier Deligny, B. Caccianiga, S. Stanič, H. Schoorlemmer, P.F. Gómez Vitale, Martina Bohacova, Martin Erdmann, A. Dorofeev, Guenter Sigl, J. Sorokin, M. Blanco, C. E. Fracchiolla, Roger W Clay, D. D'Urso, L. Latronico, Corinne Berat, M. Giller, S. Navas, G. P. Guedes, K. B. Barber, M. Weber, U. Fröhlich, R. A. Vázquez, L. Valore, P. Karhan, P. A. Kasper, A. Filipčič, M. Straub, D. Maurel, Markus Roth, A. Shadkam, C. Timmermans, S. Petrera, J. R. Vázquez, A. F. Grillo, Juan Carlos D'Olivo, T. Pierog, J. Maller, Rossella Caruso, W. J. M. de Mello, A. Lucero, G. La Rosa, P. L. Ghia, Octavian Sima, J. G. Gonzalez, V. C. Holmes, D. Lebrun, R. Pesce, Jörg R. Hörandel, F. Salesa Greus, G. Cataldi, G. Garilli, D. Heck, L. Villaseñor, L. Martin, I. Lhenry-Yvon, S. Mollerach, E. Roulet, Marco Cilmo, B. Wilczyńska, W. Docters, Peter Gorham, R. Pelayo, L. Collica, S. Querchfeld, J. L. Kelley, E. D. Fraenkel, S. J. Saffi, L. Niemietz, L. del Peral, J. Roberts, O. Ravel, R. Piegaia, J. Rodriguez Martino, H. J. Mathes, G. De La Vega, O. Taşcǎu, J. Rodriguez Rojo, M. Szuba, F.G. Schröder, Enrique Zas, C. Di Giulio, Fernando Contreras, L. Caramete, M. Will, W. Tkaczyk, G. Yuan, S. Riggi, T. Antičić, J. Stasielak, S. Coutu, M. Lauscher, M. Pontz, A. C. Fauth, M. Stephan, H. Lyberis, Carla Bonifazi, Jose A. Bellido, B. Morales, Denise Boncioli, German Ros, B. Vargas Cárdenas, Maria Concetta Maccarone, T. Suomijärvi, J. Pallotta, E. J. Quel, Béatrice Fuchs, Niraj Dhital, I. Valiño, A. Filevich, P. T. Nhung, S. Grebe, R. Squartini, T. Paul, G. Medina-Tanco, G. van Aar, A. Criss, C. J. Todero Peixoto, M. Malacari, Yunrong Zhu, N. Krohm, Christian Glaser, H. Wilczyński, P. Billoir, Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes (SUBATECH), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay (USN), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), PIERRE AUGER, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Research unit Astroparticle Physics, P., Abreu, M., Aglietta, M., Ahler, E. J., Ahn, I. F. M., Albuquerque, I., Allekotte, J., Allen, P., Allison, A., Almela, J., Alvarez Castillo, J., Alvarez Muñiz, R., Alves Batista, M., Ambrosio, A., Aminaei, L., Anchordoqui, S., Andringa, T., Antičić, C., Aramo, F., Arquero, H., Asorey, P., Assi, J., Aublin, M., Ave, M., Avenier, G., Avila, A. M., Badescu, K. B., Barber, A. F., Barbosa, R., Bardenet, B., Baughman, J., Bäuml, C., Bau, J. J., Beatty, K. H., Becker, A., Bellétoile, J. A., Bellido, S., Benzvi, C., Berat, X., Bertou, P. L., Biermann, P., Billoir, F., Blanco, M., Blanco, Bleve, Carla, H., Blümer, M., Boháčová, D., Boncioli, C., Bonifazi, R., Bonino, N., Borodai, J., Brack, I., Brancu, P., Brogueira, W. C., Brown, P., Buchholz, A., Bueno, L., Buroker, R. E., Burton, M., Buscemi, K. S., Caballero Mora, B., Caccianiga, L., Caccianiga, L., Caramete, R., Caruso, A., Castellina, G., Cataldi, L., Cazon, R., Cester, S. H., Cheng, A., Chiavassa, J. A., Chinellato, J., Chirino, J., Chudoba, M., Cilmo, R. W., Clay, Cocciolo, Giuseppe, R., Colalillo, L., Collica, Coluccia, MARIA RITA, R., Conceição, F., Contrera, H., Cook, M. J., Cooper, S., Coutu, C. E., Covault, A., Cri, J., Cronin, A., Curutiu, R., Dallier, B., Daniel, S., Dasso, K., Daumiller, B. R., Dawson, R. M., de Almeida, M., De Domenico, S. J., de Jong, G., De La Vega, W. J. M., de Mello, J. R. T., de Mello Neto, DE MITRI, Ivan, V., de Souza, K. D., de Vrie, L., del Peral, O., Deligny, H., Dembinski, N., Dhital, C., Di Giulio, J. C., Diaz, M. L., Díaz Castro, P. N., Diep, F., Diogo, C., Dobrigkeit, W., Docter, J. C., D’Olivo, P. N., Dong, A., Dorofeev, J. C., dos Anjo, M. T., Dova, D., D’Urso, J., Ebr, R., Engel, M., Erdmann, C. O., Escobar, J., Espadanal, A., Etchegoyen, P., Facal San Lui, H., Falcke, K., Fang, G., Farrar, A. C., Fauth, N., Fazzini, A. P., Ferguson, B., Fick, J. M., Figueira, A., Filevich, A., Filipčič, S., Fliescher, B. D., Fox, C. E., Fracchiolla, E. D., Fraenkel, O., Fratu, U., Fröhlich, B., Fuch, R., Gaior, R. F., Gamarra, S., Gambetta, B., García, S. T., Garcia Roca, D., Garcia Gamez, D., Garcia Pinto, G., Garilli, A., Gascon Bravo, H., Gemmeke, P. L., Ghia, M., Giller, J., Gitto, C., Glaser, H., Gla, G., Golup, F., Gomez Albarracin, M., Gómez Berisso, P. F., Gómez Vitale, P., Gonçalve, J. G., Gonzalez, B., Gookin, A., Gorgi, P., Gorham, P., Gouffon, S., Grebe, N., Griffith, A. F., Grillo, T. D., Grubb, Y., Guardincerri, F., Guarino, G. P., Guede, P., Hansen, D., Harari, T. A., Harrison, J. L., Harton, A., Haung, T., Hebbeker, D., Heck, A. E., Herve, G. C., Hill, C., Hojvat, N., Hollon, V. C., Holme, P., Homola, J. R., Hörandel, P., Horvath, M., Hrabovský, D., Huber, T., Huege, A., Insolia, S., Jansen, C., Jarne, S., Jiraskova, M., Josebachuili, K., Kadija, K. H., Kampert, P., Karhan, P., Kasper, I., Katkov, B., Kégl, B., Keilhauer, A., Keivani, J. L., Kelley, E., Kemp, R. M., Kieckhafer, H. O., Klage, M., Kleifge, J., Kleinfeller, J., Knapp, R., Krause, N., Krohm, O., Krömer, D., Kruppke Hansen, D., Kuempel, J. K., Kulbartz, N., Kunka, G., La Rosa, D., Lahurd, L., Latronico, R., Lauer, M., Lauscher, P., Lautridou, S., Le Coz, M. S. A. B., Leão, D., Lebrun, P., Lebrun, M. A., Leigui de Oliveira, A., Letessier Selvon, I., Lhenry Yvon, K., Link, R., López, A., Lopez Agüera, K., Louedec, J., Lozano Bahilo, L., Lu, A., Lucero, M., Ludwig, H., Lyberi, M. C., Maccarone, C., Macolino, M., Malacari, S., Maldera, J., Maller, D., Mandat, P., Mantsch, A. G., Mariazzi, J., Marin, V., Marin, I. C., Mariş, H. R., Marquez Falcon, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, L., Martin, H., Martinez, O., Martínez Bravo, D., Martraire, J. J., Masías Meza, H. J., Mathe, J., Matthew, J. A. J., Matthew, G., Matthiae, D., Maurel, D., Maurizio, E., Mayotte, P. O., Mazur, G., Medina Tanco, M., Melissa, D., Melo, E., Menichetti, A., Menshikov, S., Messina, R., Meyhandan, S., Mićanović, M. I., Micheletti, L., Middendorf, I. A., Minaya, L., Miramonti, B., Mitrica, L., Molina Bueno, S., Mollerach, M., Monasor, D., Monnier Ragaigne, F., Montanet, B., Morale, C., Morello, J. C., Moreno, M., Mostafá, C. A., Moura, M. A., Muller, G., Müller, M., Münchmeyer, R., Mussa, G., Navarra, J. L., Navarro, S., Nava, P., Necesal, L., Nellen, A., Nelle, J., Neuser, P. T., Nhung, M., Niechciol, L., Niemietz, N., Nierstenhoefer, T., Niggemann, D., Nitz, D., Nosek, L., Nožka, J., Oehlschläger, A., Olinto, M., Oliveira, M., Ortiz, N., Pacheco, D., Pakk Selmi Dei, M., Palatka, J., Pallotta, N., Palmieri, G., Parente, A., Parra, S., Pastor, T., Paul, M., Pech, J., Pe¸kala, R., Pelayo, I. M., Pepe, Perrone, Lorenzo, R., Pesce, E., Petermann, S., Petrera, A., Petrolini, Y., Petrov, C., Pfendner, R., Piegaia, T., Pierog, P., Pieroni, M., Pimenta, V., Pirronello, M., Platino, M., Plum, V. H., Ponce, M., Pontz, A., Porcelli, P., Privitera, M., Prouza, E. J., Quel, S., Querchfeld, J., Rautenberg, O., Ravel, D., Ravignani, B., Revenu, J., Ridky, S., Riggi, M., Risse, P., Ristori, H., Rivera, V., Rizi, J., Robert, W., Rodrigues de Carvalho, I., Rodriguez Cabo, G., Rodriguez Fernandez, J., Rodriguez Martino, J., Rodriguez Rojo, M. D., Rodríguez Fría, G., Ro, J., Rosado, T., Rossler, M., Roth, B., Rouillé d’Orfeuil, E., Roulet, A. C., Rovero, C., Rühle, S. J., Saffi, A., Saftoiu, F., Salamida, H., Salazar, F., Salesa Greu, G., Salina, F., Sánchez, C. E., Santo, E., Santo, E. M., Santo, F., Sarazin, B., Sarkar, R., Sato, N., Scharf, Scherini, Viviana, H., Schieler, P., Schiffer, A., Schmidt, O., Scholten, H., Schoorlemmer, J., Schovancova, P., Schovánek, F. G., Schröder, J., Schulz, D., Schuster, S. J., Sciutto, M., Scuderi, A., Segreto, M., Settimo, A., Shadkam, R. C., Shellard, I., Sidelnik, G., Sigl, O., Sima, A., Śmiałkowski, R., Šmída, G. R., Snow, P., Sommer, J., Sorokin, H., Spinka, R., Squartini, Y. N., Srivastava, S., Stanič, J., Stapleton, J., Stasielak, M., Stephan, M., Straub, A., Stutz, F., Suarez, T., Suomijärvi, A. D., Supanitsky, T., Šuša, M. S., Sutherland, J., Swain, Z., Szadkowski, M., Szuba, A., Tapia, M., Tartare, O., Taşcău, R., Tcaciuc, N. T., Thao, D., Thoma, J., Tiffenberg, C., Timmerman, W., Tkaczyk, C. J., Todero Peixoto, G., Toma, L., Tomankova, B., Tomé, A., Tonachini, G., Torralba Elipe, D., Torres Machado, P., Travnicek, D. B., Tridapalli, E., Trovato, M., Tuero, R., Ulrich, M., Unger, M., Urban, J. F., Valdés Galicia, I., Valiño, L., Valore, G., van Aar, A. M., van den Berg, S., van Velzen, A., van Vliet, E., Varela, B., Vargas Cárdena, G., Varner, J. R., Vázquez, R. A., Vázquez, D., Veberič, V., Verzi, J., Vicha, M., Videla, L., Villaseñor, H., Wahlberg, P., Wahrlich, O., Wainberg, D., Walz, A. A., Watson, M., Weber, K., Weidenhaupt, A., Weindl, F., Werner, S., Westerhoff, B. J., Whelan, A., Widom, G., Wieczorek, L., Wiencke, B., Wilczyńska, H., Wilczyński, M., Will, C., William, T., Winchen, B., Wundheiler, T., Yamamoto, T., Yapici, P., Younk, G., Yuan, A., Yushkov, B., Zamorano Garcia, E., Za, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zavrtanik, I., Zaw, A., Zepeda, J., Zhou, Y., Zhu, M., Zimbres Silva, M., Ziolkowski, P. Abreu, M. Aglietta, M. Ahler, E.J. Ahn, I.F.M. Albuquerque, I. Allekotte, J. Allen, P. Allison, A. Almela, J. Alvarez Castillo, J. Alvarez-Muñiz, R. Alves Batista, M. Ambrosio, A. Aminaei, L. Anchordoqui, S. Andringa, T. Antičić, C. Aramo, F. Arquero, H. Asorey, P. Assi, J. Aublin, M. Ave, M. Avenier, G. Avila, A.M. Badescu, K.B. Barber, A.F. Barbosa, R. Bardenet, B. Baughman, J. Bäuml, C. Bau, J.J. Beatty, K.H. Becker, A. Bellétoile, J.A. Bellido, S. BenZvi, C. Berat, X. Bertou, P.L. Biermann, P. Billoir, F. Blanco, M. Blanco, C. Bleve, H. Blümer, M. Boháčová, D. Boncioli, C. Bonifazi, R. Bonino, N. Borodai, J. Brack, I. Brancu, P. Brogueira, W.C. Brown, P. Buchholz, A. Bueno, L. Buroker, R.E. Burton, M. Buscemi, K.S. Caballero-Mora, B. Caccianiga, L. Caccianiga, L. Caramete, R. Caruso, A. Castellina, G. Cataldi, L. Cazon, R. Cester, S.H. Cheng, A. Chiavassa, J.A. Chinellato, J. Chirino, J. Chudoba, M. Cilmo, R.W. Clay, G. Cocciolo, R. Colalillo, L. Collica, M.R. Coluccia, R. Conceição, F. Contrera, H. Cook, M.J. Cooper, S. Coutu, C.E. Covault, A. Cri, J. Cronin, A. Curutiu, R. Dallier, B. Daniel, S. Dasso, K. Daumiller, B.R. Dawson, R.M. de Almeida, M. De Domenico, S.J. de Jong, G. De La Vega, W.J.M. de Mello, J.R.T. de Mello Neto, I. De Mitri, V. de Souza, K.D. de Vrie, L. del Peral, O. Deligny, H. Dembinski, N. Dhital, C. Di Giulio, J.C. Diaz, M.L. Díaz Castro, P.N. Diep, F. Diogo, C. Dobrigkeit, W. Docter, J.C. D’Olivo, P.N. Dong, A. Dorofeev, J.C. dos Anjo, M.T. Dova, D. D’Urso, J. Ebr, R. Engel, M. Erdmann, C.O. Escobar, J. Espadanal, A. Etchegoyen, P. Facal San Lui, H. Falcke, K. Fang, G. Farrar, A.C. Fauth, N. Fazzini, A.P. Ferguson, B. Fick, J.M. Figueira, A. Filevich, A. Filipčič, S. Fliescher, B.D. Fox, C.E. Fracchiolla, E.D. Fraenkel, O. Fratu, U. Fröhlich, B. Fuch, R. Gaior, R.F. Gamarra, S. Gambetta, B. García, S.T. Garcia Roca, D. Garcia-Gamez, D. Garcia-Pinto, G. Garilli, A. Gascon Bravo, H. Gemmeke, P.L. Ghia, M. Giller, J. Gitto, C. Glaser, H. Gla, G. Golup, F. Gomez Albarracin, M. Gómez Berisso, P.F. Gómez Vitale, P. Gonçalve, J.G. Gonzalez, B. Gookin, A. Gorgi, P. Gorham, P. Gouffon, S. Grebe, N. Griffith, A.F. Grillo, T.D. Grubb, Y. Guardincerri, F. Guarino, G.P. Guede, P. Hansen, D. Harari, T.A. Harrison, J.L. Harton, A. Haung, T. Hebbeker, D. Heck, A.E. Herve, G.C. Hill, C. Hojvat, N. Hollon, V.C. Holme, P. Homola, J.R. Hörandel, P. Horvath, M. Hrabovský, D. Huber, T. Huege, A. Insolia, S. Jansen, C. Jarne, S. Jiraskova, M. Josebachuili, K. Kadija, K.H. Kampert, P. Karhan, P. Kasper, I. Katkov, B. Kégl, B. Keilhauer, A. Keivani, J.L. Kelley, E. Kemp, R.M. Kieckhafer, H.O. Klage, M. Kleifge, J. Kleinfeller, J. Knapp, R. Krause, N. Krohm, O. Krömer, D. Kruppke-Hansen, D. Kuempel, J.K. Kulbartz, N. Kunka, G. La Rosa, D. LaHurd, L. Latronico, R. Lauer, M. Lauscher, P. Lautridou, S. Le Coz, M.S.A.B. Leão, D. Lebrun, P. Lebrun, M.A. Leigui de Oliveira, A. Letessier-Selvon, I. Lhenry-Yvon, K. Link, R. López, A. Lopez Agüera, K. Louedec, J. Lozano Bahilo, L. Lu, A. Lucero, M. Ludwig, H. Lyberi, M.C. Maccarone, C. Macolino, M. Malacari, S. Maldera, J. Maller, D. Mandat, P. Mantsch, A.G. Mariazzi, J. Marin, V. Marin, I.C. Mariş, H.R. Marquez Falcon, G. Marsella, D. Martello, L. Martin, H. Martinez, O. Martínez Bravo, D. Martraire, J.J. Masías Meza, H.J. Mathe, J. Matthew, J.A.J. Matthew, G. Matthiae, D. Maurel, D. Maurizio, E. Mayotte, P.O. Mazur, G. Medina-Tanco, M. Melissa, D. Melo, E. Menichetti, A. Menshikov, S. Messina, R. Meyhandan, S. Mićanović, M.I. Micheletti, L. Middendorf, I.A. Minaya, L. Miramonti, B. Mitrica, L. Molina-Bueno, S. Mollerach, M. Monasor, D. Monnier Ragaigne, F. Montanet, B. Morale, C. Morello, J.C. Moreno, M. Mostafá, C.A. Moura, M.A. Muller, G. Müller, M. Münchmeyer, R. Mussa, G. Navarra, J.L. Navarro, S. Nava, P. Necesal, L. Nellen, A. Nelle, J. Neuser, P.T. Nhung, M. Niechciol, L. Niemietz, N. Nierstenhoefer, T. Niggemann, D. Nitz, D. Nosek, L. Nožka, J. Oehlschläger, A. Olinto, M. Oliveira, M. Ortiz, N. Pacheco, D. Pakk Selmi-Dei, M. Palatka, J. Pallotta, N. Palmieri, G. Parente, A. Parra, S. Pastor, T. Paul, M. Pech, J. Pe¸kala, R. Pelayo, I.M. Pepe, L. Perrone, R. Pesce, E. Petermann, S. Petrera, A. Petrolini, Y. Petrov, C. Pfendner, R. Piegaia, T. Pierog, P. Pieroni, M. Pimenta, V. Pirronello, M. Platino, M. Plum, V.H. Ponce, M. Pontz, A. Porcelli, P. Privitera, M. Prouza, E.J. Quel, S. Querchfeld, J. Rautenberg, O. Ravel, D. Ravignani, B. Revenu, J. Ridky, S. Riggi, M. Risse, P. Ristori, H. Rivera, V. Rizi, J. Robert, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho, I. Rodriguez Cabo, G. Rodriguez Fernandez, J. Rodriguez Martino, J. Rodriguez Rojo, M.D. Rodríguez-Fría, G. Ro, J. Rosado, T. Rossler, M. Roth, B. Rouillé-d’Orfeuil, E. Roulet, A.C. Rovero, C. Rühle, S.J. Saffi, A. Saftoiu, F. Salamida, H. Salazar, F. Salesa Greu, G. Salina, F. Sánchez, C.E. Santo, E. Santo, E.M. Santo, F. Sarazin, B. Sarkar, R. Sato, N. Scharf, V. Scherini, H. Schieler, P. Schiffer, A. Schmidt, O. Scholten, H. Schoorlemmer, J. Schovancova, P. Schovánek, F.G. Schröder, J. Schulz, D. Schuster, S.J. Sciutto, M. Scuderi, A. Segreto, M. Settimo, A. Shadkam, R.C. Shellard, I. Sidelnik, G. Sigl, O. Sima, A. Śmiałkowski, R. Šmída, G.R. Snow, P. Sommer, J. Sorokin, H. Spinka, R. Squartini, Y.N. Srivastava, S. Stanič, J. Stapleton, J. Stasielak, M. Stephan, M. Straub, A. Stutz, F. Suarez, T. Suomijärvi, A.D. Supanitsky, T. Šuša, M.S. Sutherland, J. Swain, Z. Szadkowski, M. Szuba, A. Tapia, M. Tartare, O. Taşcău, R. Tcaciuc, N.T. Thao, D. Thoma, J. Tiffenberg, C. Timmerman, W. Tkaczyk, C.J. Todero Peixoto, G. Toma, L. Tomankova, B. Tomé, A. Tonachini, G. Torralba Elipe, D. Torres Machado, P. Travnicek, D.B. Tridapalli, E. Trovato, M. Tuero, R. Ulrich, M. Unger, M. Urban, J.F. Valdés Galicia, I. Valiño, L. Valore, G. van Aar, A.M. van den Berg, S. van Velzen, A. van Vliet, E. Varela, B. Vargas Cárdena, G. Varner, J.R. Vázquez, R.A. Vázquez, D. Veberič, V. Verzi, J. Vicha, M. Videla, L. Villaseñor, H. Wahlberg, P. Wahrlich, O. Wainberg, D. Walz, A.A. Watson, M. Weber, K. Weidenhaupt, A. Weindl, F. Werner, S. Westerhoff, B.J. Whelan, A. Widom, G. Wieczorek, L. Wiencke, B. Wilczyńska, H. Wilczyński, M. Will, C. William, T. Winchen, B. Wundheiler, T. Yamamoto, T. Yapici, P. Younk, G. Yuan, A. Yushkov, B. Zamorano Garcia, E. Za, D. Zavrtanik, M. Zavrtanik, I. Zaw, A. Zepeda, J. Zhou, Y. Zhu, M. Zimbres Silva, M. Ziolkowski, J., Alvarez Mu?iz, T., Anti?i?, Aramo, Carla, J., B?uml, A., Bell?toile, C., Bleve, H., Bl?mer, M., Boh??ov?, Buscemi, Mario, Cilmo, Marco, G., Cocciolo, Colalillo, Roberta, M. 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Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Atmospheric Monitoring, Satellites, Infrared, Astronomy, Cloud cover, FOS: Physical sciences, Atmospheric monitoring, 01 natural sciences, Ciencias de la Tierra y relacionadas con el Medio Ambiente, Auger, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], purl.org/becyt/ford/1.5 [https], Observatory, Clouds, 0103 physical sciences, Extensive air showers, 010306 general physics, DETECTOR, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Image resolution, Ciencias Exactas, Physics, Pierre Auger Observatory, UHE Cosmic Rays, atmosphere, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, [SDU.ASTR.HE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Física, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Ultra-high energy cosmic rays, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], INFRAVERMELHO, Experimental High Energy Physics, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, Pierre Auger observatory, ultra-high energy cosmic rays, extensive air showers, atmospheric monitoring, clouds, satellites, Física nuclear, Satellite, Central Laser Facility, Extensive Air Showers, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Meteorología y Ciencias Atmosféricas, SYSTEM, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS
Abstract

We describe a new method of identifying night-time clouds over the Pierre Auger Observatory using infrared data from the Imager instruments on the GOES-12 and GOES-13 satellites. We compare cloud. identifications resulting from our method to those obtained by the Central Laser Facility of the Auger Observatory. Using our new method we can now develop cloud probability maps for the 3000 km(2) of the Pierre Auger Observatory twice per hour with a spatial resolution of similar to 2.4 km by similar to 5.5 km. Our method could also be applied to monitor cloud cover for other ground-based observatories and for space-based observatories. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved., The successful installation, commissioning, and operation of the Pierre Auger Observatory would not have been possible without the strong commitment and effort from the technical and adminis- trative staff in Malargüe. We are very grateful to the following agencies and organiza- tions for financial support: Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Fundación Antorchas, Gobierno De La Provincia de Mendoza, Municipalidad de Malargüe, NDM Holdings and Valle Las Leñas, in gratitude for their continuing cooperation over land access, Argentina; the Australian Research Council; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP), Ministério de Ciência e Tecnolo- gia (MCT), Brazil; AVCR AV0Z10100502 and AV0Z10100522, GAAV KJB100100904, MSMT-CR LA08016, LG11044, MEB111003, MSM0021620859, LA08015, TACR TA01010517 and GA UK 119810, Czech Republic; Centre de Calcul IN2P3/CNRS, Centre Na- tional de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Conseil Régional Ile-de- France, Département Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire (PNC- IN2P3/CNRS), Département Sciences de l’Univers (SDU-INSU/ CNRS), France; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Finanzministeri- um Baden-Württemberg, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren (HGF), Ministerium für Wissenschaft und Forschung, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Ministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst, Baden-Württemberg, Germany; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca (MIUR), Italy; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), Mexico; Ministerie van Ond- erwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap, Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wet- enschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie (FOM), Netherlands; Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Grant Nos. N N202 200239 and N N202 207238, Poland; Portuguese national funds and FEDER funds with- in COMPETE - Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade through Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, Portugal; Roma- nian Authority for Scientific Research ANCS, CNDI-UEFISCDI part- nership projects nr.20/2012 and nr.194/2012, project nr.1/ ASPERA2/2012 ERA-NET and PN-II-RU-PD-2011-3-0145-17, Roma- nia; Ministry for Higher Education, Science, and Technology, Slove- nian Research Agency, Slovenia; Comunidad de Madrid, FEDER funds, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación and Consolider-Ingenio 2010 (CPAN), Xunta de Galicia, Spain; The Leverhulme Foundation, Science and Technology Facilities Council, United Kingdom; Department of Energy, Contract Nos. DE-AC02-07CH11359, DE- FR02-04ER41300, DE-FG02-99ER41107, National Science Founda- tion, Grant No. 0450696, The Grainger Foundation USA; NAFO- STED, Vietnam; Marie Curie-IRSES/EPLANET, European Particle Physics Latin American Network, European Union 7th Framework Program, Grant No. PIRSES-2009-GA-246806; and UNESCO. We would like to thank the former Michigan Tech students: Nathan Kelley-Hoskins, Kyle Luck and Arin Nelson for their impor- tant contribution to the development of this paper. We would like to thank NOAA for the GOES satellite data that we freely down- loaded from their website. Also, we would like to mention in these acknowledgments Dr. Steve Ackerman and Dr. Tony Schreiner for very valuable conversations

Published
2013

49. Searches for Large-Scale Anisotropy in the Arrival Directions of Cosmic Rays Detected above Energy of $10^{19}$ eV at the Pierre Auger Observatory and the Telescope Array

Author

Telescope, Array, Pierre Auger Collaborations (Alexander Aab, Pedro, Abreu, Marco, Aglietta, Eun Joo Ahn, Imen Al Samarai, Ivone, Albuquerque, Ingomar, Allekotte, Jeff, Allen, Patrick, Allison, Alejandro, Almela, Jesus Alvarez Castillo, Jaime Alvarez Muñiz, Rafael Alves Batista, Michelangelo, Ambrosio, Amin, Aminaei, Luis, Anchordoqui, Sofia, Andringa, Carla, Aramo, Victor Manuel Aranda, Fernando, Arqueros, Hernán Gonzalo Asorey, Pedro, Assis, Julien, Aublin, Maximo, Ave, Michel, Avenier, Gualberto, Avila, Nafiun, Awal, Alina Mihaela Badescu, Barber, Kerri B., Julia, Bäuml, Colin, Baus, Jim, Beatty, Karl Heinz Becker, Bellido, Jose A., Corinne, Berat, Mario Edoardo Bertania, Xavier, Bertou, Peter, Biermann, Pierre, Billoir, Blaess, Simon G., Miguel, Blanco, Carla, Bleve, Hans, Blümer, Martina, Boháčová, Denise, Boncioli, Carla, Bonifazi, Raffaella, Bonino, Nataliia, Borodai, Jeffrey, Brack, Iliana, Brancus, Ariel, Bridgeman, Pedro, Brogueira, Brown, William C., Peter, Buchholz, Antonio, Bueno, Stijn, Buitink, Buscemi, Mario, Caballero Mora, Karen S., Barbara, Caccianiga, Lorenzo, Caccianiga, Marina, Candusso, Laurentiu, Caramete, Caruso, Rossella, Antonella, Castellina, Gabriella, Cataldi, Lorenzo, Cazon, Rosanna, Cester, Chavez, Alan G., Andrea, Chiavassa, Jose Augusto Chinellato, Jiri, Chudoba, Marco, Cilmo, Clay, Roger W., Giuseppe, Cocciolo, Roberta, Colalillo, Alan, Coleman, Laura, Collica, Maria Rita Coluccia, Ruben, Conceição, Fernando, Contreras, Cooper, Mathew J., Alain, Cordier, Stephane, Coutu, Corbin, Covault, James, Cronin, Alex, Curutiu, Richard, Dallier, Bruno, Daniel, Sergio, Dasso, Kai, Daumiller, Dawson, Bruce R., de Almeida, Rogerio M., Manlio De Domenico, de Jong, Sijbrand J., Joao de Mello Neto, Ivan De Mitri, Jaime de Oliveira, Vitor de Souza, Luis del Peral, Olivier, Deligny, Hans, Dembinski, Niraj, Dhital, Claudio Di Giulio, Armando Di Matteo, Johana Chirinos Diaz, Mary Lucia Díaz Castro, Francisco, Diogo, Carola, Dobrigkeit, Wendy, Docters, Juan Carlos D'Olivo, Alexei, Dorofeev, Qader Dorosti Hasankiadeh, Maria Teresa Dova, Jan, Ebr, Ralph, Engel, Martin, Erdmann, Mona, Erfani, Escobar, Carlos O., Joao, Espadanal, Alberto, Etchegoyen, Pedro Facal San Luis, Heino, Falcke, Fang, Ke, Glennys, Farrar, Anderson, Fauth, Norberto, Fazzini, Ferguson, Andrew P., Mateus, Fernandes, Brian, Fick, Juan Manuel Figueira, Alberto, Filevich, Andrej, Filipčič, Brendan, Fox, Octavian, Fratu, Uwe, Fröhlich, Benjamin, Fuchs, Toshihiro, Fujii, Romain, Gaior, Beatriz, García, Sayri Tupac Garcia Roca, Diego Garcia Gamez, Diego Garcia Pinto, Gianpaolo, Garilli, Alberto Gascon Bravo, Florian, Gate, Hartmut, Gemmeke, Piera Luisa Ghia, Ugo, Giaccari, Marco, Giammarchi, Maria, Giller, Christian, Glaser, Henry, Glass, Mariano Gómez Berisso, Gómez Vitale, Primo F., Patrícia, Gonçalves, Gonzalez, Javier G., Nicolás, González, Ben, Gookin, Jacob, Gordon, Alessio, Gorgi, Peter, Gorham, Philippe, Gouffon, Stefan, Grebe, Nathan, Griffith, Aurelio, Grillo, Grubb, Trent D., Fausto, Guarino, Germano, Guedes, Matías Rolf Hampel, Patricia, Hansen, Diego, Harari, Harrison, Thomas A., Sebastian, Hartmann, John, Harton, Andreas, Haungs, Thomas, Hebbeker, Dieter, Heck, Philipp, Heimann, Herve, Alexander E., Hill, Gary C., Carlos, Hojvat, Nicholas, Hollon, Ewa, Holt, Piotr, Homola, Jörg, Hörandel, Pavel, Horvath, Miroslav, Hrabovský, Daniel, Huber, Tim, Huege, Antonio, Insolia, Paula Gina Isar, Ingolf, Jandt, Stefan, Jansen, Cecilia, Jarne, Mariela, Josebachuili, Alex, Kääpä, Olga, Kambeitz, Karl Heinz Kampert, Peter, Kasper, Igor, Katkov, Balazs, Kégl, Bianca, Keilhauer, Azadeh, Keivani, Ernesto, Kemp, Roger, Kieckhafer, Hans, Klages, Matthias, Kleifges, Jonny, Kleinfeller, Raphael, Krause, Nicole, Krohm, Oliver, Krömer, Daniel Kruppke Hansen, Daniel, Kuempel, Norbert, Kunka, Danielle, Lahurd, Luca, Latronico, Robert, Lauer, Markus, Lauscher, Pascal, Lautridou, Sandra Le Coz, Milton, Leão, Didier, Lebrun, Paul, Lebrun, Marcelo Augusto Leigui de Oliveira, Antoine Letessier Selvon, Isabelle Lhenry Yvon, Katrin, Link, Rebeca, López, Angeles Lopez Agüera, Karim, Louedec, Julio Lozano Bahilo, Lu, Lu, Agustin, Lucero, Marianne, Ludwig, Max, Malacari, Simone, Maldera, Manuela, Mallamaci, Jennifer, Maller, Dusan, Mandat, Paul, Mantsch, Analisa, Mariazzi, Vincent, Marin, Ioana, Mariş, Giovanni, Marsella, Daniele, Martello, Lilian, Martin, Humberto, Martinez, Oscar Martínez Bravo, Diane, Martraire, Jimmy Masías Meza, Hermann Josef Mathes, Sebastian, Mathys, James, Matthews, John, Matthews, Giorgio, Matthiae, Detlef, Maurel, Daniela, Maurizio, Eric, Mayotte, Peter, Mazur, Carlos, Medina, Gustavo Medina Tanco, Rebecca, Meissner, Maximilien, Melissas, Diego, Melo, Alexander, Menshikov, Stefano, Messina, Rishi, Meyhandan, Saša, Mićanović, Maria Isabel Micheletti, Lukas, Middendorf, Minaya, Ignacio A., Lino, Miramonti, Bogdan, Mitrica, Laura Molina Bueno, Silvia, Mollerach, Maria, Monasor, Delphine Monnier Ragaigne, François, Montanet, Carlo, Morello, Miguel, Mostafá, Moura, Celio A., Marcio Aparecido Muller, Gero, Müller, Sarah, Müller, Moritz, Münchmeyer, Roberto, Mussa, Gianni, Navarra, Sergio, Navas, Petr, Necesal, Lukas, Nellen, Anna, Nelles, Jens, Neuser, Nguyen, Phong H., Marcus, Niechciol, Lukas, Niemietz, Tim, Niggemann, Dave, Nitz, Dalibor, Nosek, Vladimir, Novotny, Lyberis, Nožka, Livingstone, Ochilo, Angela, Olinto, Micael, Oliveira, Noelia, Pacheco, Daniel Pakk Selmi Dei, Miroslav, Palatka, Juan, Pallotta, Nunzia, Palmieri, Philipp, Papenbreer, Gonzalo, Parente, Alejandra, Parra, Thomas, Paul, Miroslav, Pech, Jan, Pękala, Rodrigo, Pelayo, Iuri, Pepe, Lorenzo, Perrone, Emily, Petermann, Christine, Peters, Sergio, Petrera, Yevgeniy, Petrov, Jamyang, Phuntsok, Ricardo, Piegaia, Tanguy, Pierog, Pablo, Pieroni, Mário, Pimenta, Valerio, Pirronello, Manuel, Platino, Matthias, Plum, Alessio, Porcelli, Czeslaw, Porowski, Raul Ribeiro Prado, Paolo, Privitera, Michael, Prouza, Victor, Purrello, Quel, Eduardo J., Sven, Querchfeld, Sean, Quinn, Julian, Rautenberg, Olivier, Ravel, Diego, Ravignani, Benoît, Revenu, Jan, Ridky, Simone, Riggi, Markus, Risse, Pablo, Ristori, Vincenzo, Rizi, Washington Rodrigues de Carvalho, Iago Rodriguez Cabo, Gonzalo Rodriguez Fernandez, Jorge Rubén Rodriguez Rojo, Maria Dolores Rodríguez Frías, Dmytro, Rogozin, Germán, Ros, Jaime, Rosado, Tomas, Rossler, Markus, Roth, Esteban, Roulet, Adrian, Rovero, Saffi, Steven J., Alexandra, Saftoiu, Francesco, Salamida, Humberto, Salazar, Ahmed, Saleh, Francisco Salesa Greus, Gaetano, Salina, Federico, Sánchez, Patricia Sanchez Lucas, Santo, Catarina E., Edivaldo Moura Santos, Eva, Santos, Fred, Sarazin, Biswaijt, Sarkar, Raul, Sarmento, Ricardo, Sato, Nils, Scharf, Viviana, Scherini, Harald, Schieler, Peter, Schiffer, David, Schmidt, Olaf, Scholten, Harm, Schoorlemmer, Petr, Schovánek, Alexander, Schulz, Johannes, Schulz, Johannes, Schumacher, Sergio, Sciutto, Alberto, Segreto, Mariangela, Settimo, Amir, Shadkam, Shellard, Ronald C., Iván, Sidelnik, Guenter, Sigl, Octavian, Sima, Andrzej, Śmiałkowski, Radomir, Šmída, Gregory, Snow, Paul, Sommers, Sorokin, J., Ruben, Squartini, Srivastava, Yogendra N., Samo, Stanič, James, Stapleton, Jaroslaw, Stasielak, Maurice, Stephan, Anne, Stutz, Federico, Suarez, Tiina, Suomijärvi, Daniel Supanitsky, A., Michael, Sutherland, John, Swain, Zbigniew, Szadkowski, Marek, Szuba, Oscar Alejandro Taborda, Alex, Tapia, Mathieu, Tartare, Andreas, Tepe, Vanessa Menezes Theodoro, Charles, Timmermans, Todero Peixoto, Carlos J., Gabriel, Toma, Lenka, Tomankova, Bernardo, Tomé, Aurelio, Tonachini, Guillermo Torralba Elipe, Diego Torres Machado, Petr, Travnicek, Enrica, Trovato, Matias, Tueros, Ralf, Ulrich, Michael, Unger, Martin, Urban, Valdés Galicia, Jose F., Ines, Valiño, Laura, Valore, Guus van Aar, Patrick van Bodegom, van den Berg, Ad M., Sjoert van Velzen, Arjen van Vliet, Enrique, Varela, Bernardo Vargas Cárdenas, Gary, Varner, Vázquez, Jose R., Ricardo, Vázquez, Darko, Veberič, Valerio, Verzi, Jakub, Vicha, Mariela, Videla, Luis, Villaseñor, Brian, Vlcek, Serguei, Vorobiov, Hernan, Wahlberg, Oscar, Wainberg, David, Walz, Alan, Watson, Marc, Weber, Klaus, Weidenhaupt, Andreas, Weindl, Felix, Werner, Allan, Widom, Lawrence, Wiencke, Barbara, Wilczyńska, Henryk, Wilczyński, Martin, Will, Christopher, Williams, Tobias, Winchen, David, Wittkowski, Brian, Wundheiler, Sarka, Wykes, Tokonatsu, Yamamoto, Tolga, Yapici, Guofeng, Yuan, Alexey, Yushkov, Bruno, Zamorano, Enrique, Zas, Danilo, Zavrtanik, Marko, Zavrtanik, Ingyin, Zaw, Arnulfo, Zepeda, Jing, Zhou, Yue, Zhu, Marcelo Zimbres Silva, Michael, Ziolkowski, Francesca, Zuccarello, Rasha, Abbasi, Michihiko, Abe, Tareq Abu Zayyad, Monica, Allen, Robyn, Anderson, Ryuji, Azuma, Elliott, Barcikowski, Belz, John W., Bergman, Douglas R., Samuel Adam Blake, Robert, Cady, Min Jung Chae, Byung Gu Cheon, Junsei, Chiba, Michiyuki, Chikawa, Woo Ram Cho, Masaki, Fukushima, Takashi, Goto, William, Hanlon, Yoshio, Hayashi, Naoaki, Hayashida, Kinya, Hibino, Ken, Honda, Daisuke, Ikeda, Naoya, Inoue, Takaaki, Ishii, Rie, Ishimori, Hideo Ito (Utah, U., Riken, Dmitri, Ivanov, Jui, Charles C. H., Kenichi, Kadota, Fumio, Kakimoto, Oleg, Kalashev, Katsuaki, Kasahara, Hideyuki, Kawai, Saburo, Kawakami, Shingo, Kawana, Kazumasa, Kawata, Eiji, Kido, Hang Bae Kim, Ji Hee Kim, Ji Hyun Kim, Seiji, Kitamura, Yuki, Kitamura, Vadim, Kuzmin, Young Joon Kwon, Jian, Lan, Sun In Lim, Jon Paul Lundquist, Kazuhiro, Machida, Kai, Martens, Takeshi, Matsuda, Toshio, Matsuyama, Matthews, John N., Mayuko, Minamino, Keijiro, Mukai, Isaac, Myers, Keisuke, Nagasawa, Shigehiro, Nagataki, Toru, Nakamura, Toshiyuki, Nonaka, Asuka, Nozato, Shoichi, Ogio, Jun, Ogura, Munehiro, Ohnishi, Hideyuki, Ohoka, Kaoru, Oki, Takeshi, Okuda, Masaomi, Ono, Akitoshi, Oshima, Shunsuke, Ozawa, Park, Il H., Pshirkov, Maxim S., Douglas Chase Rodriguez, Grigory, Rubtsov, Dongsu, Ryu, Hiroyuki, Sagawa, Nobuyuki, Sakurai, Sampson, Amanda L., Scott, Lauren M., Priti Dhanesh Shah, Fumiya, Shibata, Tatsunobu, Shibata, Hideaki, Shimodaira, Bok Kyun Shin, Smith, Jeremy D., Pierre, Sokolsky, Wayne Springer, R., Benjamin Taylor Stokes, Stratton, Sean R., Thomas, Stroman, Takumi, Suzawa, Mai, Takamura, Masahiro, Takeda, Ryuji, Takeishi, Akimichi, Taketa, Masato, Takita, Yuichiro, Tameda, Hideki, Tanaka, Koichi, Tanaka, Manobu, Tanaka, Thomas, Stanton B., Thomson, Gordon B., Peter, Tinyakov, Igor, Tkachev, Hisao, Tokuno, Takayuki, Tomida, Sergey, Troitsky, Yoshiki, Tsunesada, Kazuki, Tsutsumi, Yukio, Uchihori, Shigeharu, Udo, Federico, Urban, Gina, Vasiloff, Tiffany, Wong, Hiroshi, Yamaoka, Katsuya, Yamazaki, Jongmann, Yang, Kenta, Yashiro, Shigeru, Yoshida, Hisashi, Yoshii, Rhett, Zollinger, Zachary, Zundel, Shogo, Konishi, Shingo, Wachi, Yoshiki, Nishimoto, Heungsu, Shin, Mai, Tsujimoto, Tomoya, Matsuhira, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes (SUBATECH), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay (USN), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), PIERRE AUGER, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), A., Aab, P., Abreu, M., Aglietta, E. J., Ahn, I., Al Samarai, I. F. M., Albuquerque, I., Allekotte, J., Allen, P., Allison, A., Almela, J., Alvarez Castillo, J., Alvarez Mu?iz, R., Alves Batista, M., Ambrosio, A., Aminaei, L., Anchordoqui, S., Andringa, Aramo, Carla, F., Arquero, H., Asorey, P., Assi, J., Aublin, M., Ave, M., Avenier, G., Avila, A. M., Badescu, K. B., Barber, J., B?uml, C., Bau, J. J., Beatty, K. H., Becker, J. A., Bellido, C., Berat, M. E., Bertaina, X., Bertou, P. L., Biermann, P., Billoir, M., Blanco, C., Bleve, H., Bl?mer, M., Boh??ov?, D., Boncioli, C., Bonifazi, R., Bonino, N., Borodai, J., Brack, I., Brancu, P., Brogueira, W. C., Brown, P., Buchholz, A., Bueno, S., Buitink, Buscemi, Mario, K. S., Caballero Mora, B., Caccianiga, L., Caccianiga, M., Candusso, L., Caramete, R., Caruso, A., Castellina, G., Cataldi, L., Cazon, R., Cester, A. G., Chavez, A., Chiavassa, J. A., Chinellato, J., Chudoba, Cilmo, Marco, R. W., Clay, G., Cocciolo, Colalillo, Roberta, A., Coleman, L., Collica, M. R., Coluccia, R., Concei??o, F., Contrera, M. J., Cooper, A., Cordier, S., Coutu, C. E., Covault, J., Cronin, A., Curutiu, R., Dallier, B., Daniel, S., Dasso, K., Daumiller, B. R., Dawson, R. M., de Almeida, M., De Domenico, S. J., de Jong, J. R. T., de Mello Neto, I., De Mitri, J., de Oliveira, V., de Souza, L., del Peral, O., Deligny, H., Dembinski, N., Dhital, C., Di Giulio, A., Di Matteo, J. C., Diaz, M. L., D?az Castro, F., Diogo, C., Dobrigkeit, W., Docter, J. C., D'Olivo, A., Dorofeev, Q., Dorosti Hasankiadeh, M. T., Dova, J., Ebr, R., Engel, M., Erdmann, M., Erfani, C. O., Escobar, J., Espadanal, A., Etchegoyen, P., Facal San Lui, H., Falcke, K., Fang, G., Farrar, A. C., Fauth, N., Fazzini, A. P., Ferguson, M., Fernande, B., Fick, J. M., Figueira, A., Filevich, A., Filip?i?, B. D., Fox, O., Fratu, U., Fr?hlich, B., Fuch, T., Fuji, R., Gaior, B., Garc?a, S. T., Garcia Roca, D., Garcia Gamez, D., Garcia Pinto, G., Garilli, A., Gascon Bravo, F., Gate, H., Gemmeke, P. L., Ghia, U., Giaccari, M., Giammarchi, M., Giller, C., Glaser, H., Gla, M., G?mez Berisso, P. F., G?mez Vitale, P., Gon?alve, J. G., Gonzalez, N., Gonz?lez, B., Gookin, A., Gorgi, P., Gorham, P., Gouffon, S., Grebe, N., Griffith, A. F., Grillo, T. D., Grubb, Y., Guardincerri, Guarino, Fausto, G. P., Guede, M. R., Hampel, P., Hansen, D., Harari, T. A., Harrison, S., Hartmann, J. L., Harton, A., Haung, T., Hebbeker, D., Heck, P., Heimann, A. E., Herve, G. C., Hill, C., Hojvat, N., Hollon, E., Holt, P., Homola, J. R., H?randel, P., Horvath, M., Hrabovsk?, D., Huber, T., Huege, A., Insolia, P. G., Isar, K., Islo, I., Jandt, S., Jansen, C., Jarne, M., Josebachuili, A., K??p?, O., Kambeitz, K. H., Kampert, P., Kasper, I., Katkov, B., K?gl, B., Keilhauer, A., Keivani, E., Kemp, R. M., Kieckhafer, H. O., Klage, M., Kleifge, J., Kleinfeller, R., Krause, N., Krohm, O., Kr?mer, D., Kruppke Hansen, D., Kuempel, N., Kunka, G., La Rosa, D., Lahurd, L., Latronico, R., Lauer, M., Lauscher, P., Lautridou, S., Le Coz, M. S. A. B., Le?o, D., Lebrun, P., Lebrun, M. A., Leigui de Oliveira, A., Letessier Selvon, I., Lhenry Yvon, K., Link, R., L?pez, A., Lopez Ag?era, K., Louedec, J., Lozano Bahilo, L., Lu, A., Lucero, M., Ludwig, M. C., Maccarone, M., Malacari, S., Maldera, M., Mallamaci, J., Maller, D., Mandat, P., Mantsch, A. G., Mariazzi, V., Marin, I. C., Mari?, G., Marsella, D., Martello, L., Martin, H., Martinez, O., Mart?nez Bravo, D., Martraire, J. J., Mas?as Meza, H. J., Mathe, S., Mathy, J. A. J., Matthew, J., Matthew, G., Matthiae, D., Maurel, D., Maurizio, E., Mayotte, P. O., Mazur, C., Medina, G., Medina Tanco, M., Melissa, D., Melo, E., Menichetti, A., Menshikov, S., Messina, R., Meyhandan, S., Mi?anovi?, M. I., Micheletti, L., Middendorf, I. A., Minaya, L., Miramonti, B., Mitrica, L., Molina Bueno, S., Mollerach, M., Monasor, D., Monnier Ragaigne, F., Montanet, C., Morello, M., Mostaf?, C. A., Moura, M. A., Muller, G., M?ller, M., M?nchmeyer, R., Mussa, G., Navarra, S., Nava, P., Necesal, L., Nellen, A., Nelle, J., Neuser, M., Niechciol, L., Niemietz, T., Niggemann, D., Nitz, D., Nosek, V., Novotny, L., No?ka, L., Ochilo, A., Olinto, M., Oliveira, N., Pacheco, D., Pakk Selmi Dei, M., Palatka, J., Pallotta, N., Palmieri, P., Papenbreer, G., Parente, A., Parra, T., Paul, M., Pech, J., P?kala, R., Pelayo, I. M., Pepe, L., Perrone, R., Pesce, E., Petermann, C., Peter, S., Petrera, A., Petrolini, Y., Petrov, J., Phuntsok, R., Piegaia, T., Pierog, P., Pieroni, M., Pimenta, V., Pirronello, M., Platino, M., Plum, A., Porcelli, C., Porowski, R. R., Prado, P., Privitera, M., Prouza, V., Purrello, E. J., Quel, S., Querchfeld, S., Quinn, J., Rautenberg, O., Ravel, D., Ravignani, B., Revenu, J., Ridky, S., Riggi, M., Risse, P., Ristori, V., Rizi, J., Robert, W., Rodrigues de Carvalho, I., Rodriguez Cabo, G., Rodriguez Fernandez, J., Rodriguez Rojo, M. D., Rodr?guez Fr?a, G., Ro, J., Rosado, T., Rossler, M., Roth, E., Roulet, A. C., Rovero, S. J., Saffi, A., Saftoiu, F., Salamida, H., Salazar, A., Saleh, F., Salesa Greu, G., Salina, F., S?nchez, P., Sanchez Luca, C. E., Santo, E., Santo, E. M., Santo, F., Sarazin, B., Sarkar, R., Sarmento, R., Sato, N., Scharf, V., Scherini, H., Schieler, P., Schiffer, O., Scholten, H., Schoorlemmer, P., Schov?nek, A., Schulz, J., Schulz, J., Schumacher, S. J., Sciutto, A., Segreto, M., Settimo, A., Shadkam, R. C., Shellard, I., Sidelnik, G., Sigl, O., Sima, A., ?mia?kowski, R., ?m?da, G. R., Snow, P., Sommer, J., Sorokin, R., Squartini, Y. N., Srivastava, S., Stani?, J., Stapleton, J., Stasielak, M., Stephan, A., Stutz, F., Suarez, T., Suomij?rvi, A. D., Supanitsky, M. S., Sutherland, J., Swain, Z., Szadkowski, M., Szuba, O. A., Taborda, A., Tapia, M., Tartare, V. M., Theodoro, C., Timmerman, C. J., Todero Peixoto, G., Toma, L., Tomankova, B., Tom?, A., Tonachini, G., Torralba Elipe, D., Torres Machado, P., Travnicek, E., Trovato, M., Tuero, R., Ulrich, M., Unger, M., Urban, Galicia, J. F. Vald?s., I., Vali?o, Valore, Laura, G., van Aar, A. M., van den Berg, S., van Velzen, A., van Vliet, E., Varela, B., Vargas C?rdena, G., Varner, J. R., V?zquez, R. A., V?zquez, D., Veberi?, V., Verzi, J., Vicha, M., Videla, L., Villase?or, B., Vlcek, S., Vorobiov, H., Wahlberg, O., Wainberg, D., Walz, A. A., Watson, M., Weber, K., Weidenhaupt, A., Weindl, F., Werner, A., Widom, L., Wiencke, B., Wilczy?ska, H., Wilczy?ski, M., Will, C., William, T., Winchen, D., Wittkowski, B., Wundheiler, S., Wyke, T., Yamamoto, T., Yapici, P., Younk, G., Yuan, A., Yushkov, B., Zamorano, E., Za, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zavrtanik, I., Zaw, A., Zepeda, J., Zhou, Y., Zhu, M., Zimbres Silva, M., Ziolkowski, R. U., Abbasi, M., Abe, T., Abu Zayyad, M., Allen, R., Anderson, R., Azuma, E., Barcikowski, J. W., Belz, D. R., Bergman, S. A., Blake, R., Cady, M. J., Chae, B. G., Cheon, J., Chiba, M., Chikawa, W. R., Cho, T., Fujii, M., Fukushima, T., Goto, W., Hanlon, Y., Hayashi, N., Hayashida, K., Hibino, K., Honda, D., Ikeda, N., Inoue, T., Ishii, R., Ishimori, H., Ito, D., Ivanov, C. C. H., Jui, K., Kadota, F., Kakimoto, O., Kalashev, K., Kasahara, H., Kawai, S., Kawakami, S., Kawana, K., Kawata, E., Kido, H. B., Kim, J. H., Kim, S., Kitamura, Y., Kitamura, V., Kuzmin, Y. J., Kwon, J., Lan, S. I., Lim, J. P., Lundquist, K., Machida, K., Marten, T., Matsuda, T., Matsuyama, J. N., Matthew, M., Minamino, K., Mukai, I., Myer, K., Nagasawa, S., Nagataki, T., Nakamura, T., Nonaka, A., Nozato, S., Ogio, J., Ogura, M., Ohnishi, H., Ohoka, K., Oki, T., Okuda, M., Ono, A., Oshima, S., Ozawa, I. H., Park, M. S., Pshirkov, D. C., Rodriguez, G., Rubtsov, D., Ryu, H., Sagawa, N., Sakurai, A. L., Sampson, L. M., Scott, P. D., Shah, F., Shibata, T., Shibata, H., Shimodaira, B. K., Shin, J. D., Smith, P., Sokolsky, R. W., Springer, B. T., Stoke, S. R., Stratton, T. A., Stroman, T., Suzawa, M., Takamura, M., Takeda, R., Takeishi, A., Taketa, M., Takita, Y., Tameda, H., Tanaka, K., Tanaka, M., Tanaka, S. B., Thoma, G. B., Thomson, P., Tinyakov, I., Tkachev, H., Tokuno, T., Tomida, S., Troitsky, Y., Tsunesada, K., Tsutsumi, Y., Uchihori, S., Udo, F., Urban, G., Vasiloff, T., Wong, R., Yamane, H., Yamaoka, K., Yamazaki, J., Yang, K., Yashiro, Y., Yoneda, S., Yoshida, H., Yoshii, R., Zollinger, Z., Zundel, I. A., Samarai, I. F., M., J. A., Castillo, J., Alvarez Muñiz, R. A., Batista, C., Aramo, J., Bäuml, Bleve, Carla, H., Blümer, M., Boháčová, M., Buscemi, M., Cilmo, Cocciolo, Giuseppe, R., Colalillo, Coluccia, MARIA RITA, R., Conceição, R. M., De, M. D., Domenico, S. J., De, J. R., T., DE MITRI, Ivan, J. d., Oliveira, V. d., Souza, L. d., Peral, C. D., Giulio, A. D., Matteo, M. L., Díaz, Q. D., Hasankiadeh, P. F., San, A., Filipčič, U., Fröhlich, B., García, S. T., Garcia, A. G., Bravo, M. G., Berisso, P. F., Gómez, P., Gonçalve, N., González, F., Guarino, J. R., Hörandel, M., Hrabovský, A., Kääpä, B., Kégl, O., Krömer, G. L., Rosa, S. L., Coz, M. S., A., M. A., Leigui, R., López, A. L., Agüera, J. L., Bahilo, I. C., Mariş, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, O. M., Bravo, J. J., Masía, J. A., J., S., Mićanović, D. M., Ragaigne, M., Mostafá, G., Müller, M., Münchmeyer, L., Nožka, D. P., Selmi Dei, J., Pękala, Perrone, Lorenzo, W. R., De, I. R., Cabo, G. R., Fernandez, J. R., Rojo, M. D., Rodríguez Fría, F. S., Greu, F., Sánchez, Scherini, Viviana, P., Schovánek, A., Śmiałkowski, R., Šmída, S., Stanič, T., Suomijärvi, C. J., Todero, B., Tomé, G. T., Elipe, D. T., Machado, J. F., Valdé, I., Valiño, L., Valore, G. v., Aar, A. M., Van, S. v., Velzen, A. v., Vliet, B. V., Cárdena, J. R., Vázquez, R. A., Vázquez, D., Veberič, L., Villaseñor, B., Wilczyńska, H., Wilczyński, M. Z., Silva, T. P., Auger, C. C., H., T. T., Array, A. Aab, P. Abreu, M. Aglietta, E. J. Ahn, I. A. Samarai, I. F. M., I. Allekotte, J. Allen, P. Allison, A. Almela, J. A. Castillo, J. Alvarez-Muñiz, R. A. Batista, M. Ambrosio, A. Aminaei, L. Anchordoqui, S. Andringa, C. Aramo, F. Arquero, H. Asorey, P. Assi, J. Aublin, M. Ave, M. Avenier, G. Avila, A. M. Badescu, K. B. Barber, J. Bäuml, C. Bau, J. J. Beatty, K. H. Becker, J. A. Bellido, C. Berat, M. E. Bertaina, X. Bertou, P. L. Biermann, P. Billoir, M. Blanco, C. Bleve, H. Blümer, M. Boháčová, D. Boncioli, C. Bonifazi, R. Bonino, N. Borodai, J. Brack, I. Brancu, P. Brogueira, W. C. Brown, P. Buchholz, A. Bueno, S. Buitink, M. Buscemi, K. S. Caballero-Mora, B. Caccianiga, L. Caccianiga, M. Candusso, L. Caramete, R. Caruso, A. Castellina, G. Cataldi, L. Cazon, R. Cester, A. G. Chavez, A. Chiavassa, J. A. Chinellato, J. Chudoba, M. Cilmo, R. W. Clay, G. Cocciolo, R. Colalillo, A. Coleman, L. Collica, M. R. Coluccia, R. Conceição, F. Contrera, M. J. Cooper, A. Cordier, S. Coutu, C. E. Covault, J. Cronin, A. Curutiu, R. Dallier, B. Daniel, S. Dasso, K. Daumiller, B. R. Dawson, R. M. de, M. D. Domenico, S. J. de, J. R. T., I. D. Mitri, J. d. Oliveira, V. d. Souza, L. d. Peral, O. Deligny, H. Dembinski, N. Dhital, C. D. Giulio, A. D. Matteo, J. C. Diaz, M. L. Díaz, F. Diogo, C. Dobrigkeit, W. Docter, J. C. D'Olivo, A. Dorofeev, Q. D. Hasankiadeh, M. T. Dova, J. Ebr, R. Engel, M. Erdmann, M. Erfani, C. O. Escobar, J. Espadanal, A. Etchegoyen, P. F. San, H. Falcke, K. Fang, G. Farrar, A. C. Fauth, N. Fazzini, A. P. Ferguson, M. Fernande, B. Fick, J. M. Figueira, A. Filevich, A. Filipčič, B. D. Fox, O. Fratu, U. Fröhlich, B. Fuch, T. Fuji, R. Gaior, B. García, S. T. Garcia, D. Garcia-Gamez, D. Garcia-Pinto, G. Garilli, A. G. Bravo, F. Gate, H. Gemmeke, P. L. Ghia, U. Giaccari, M. Giammarchi, M. Giller, C. Glaser, H. Gla, M. G. Berisso, P. F. Gómez, P. Gonçalve, J. G. Gonzalez, N. González, B. Gookin, A. Gorgi, P. Gorham, P. Gouffon, S. Grebe, N. Griffith, A. F. Grillo, T. D. Grubb, Y. Guardincerri, F. Guarino, G. P. Guede, M. R. Hampel, P. Hansen, D. Harari, T. A. Harrison, S. Hartmann, J. L. Harton, A. Haung, T. Hebbeker, D. Heck, P. Heimann, A. E. Herve, G. C. Hill, C. Hojvat, N. Hollon, E. Holt, P. Homola, J. R. Hörandel, P. Horvath, M. Hrabovský, D. Huber, T. Huege, A. Insolia, P. G. Isar, K. Islo, I. Jandt, S. Jansen, C. Jarne, M. Josebachuili, A. Kääpä, O. Kambeitz, K. H. Kampert, P. Kasper, I. Katkov, B. Kégl, B. Keilhauer, A. Keivani, E. Kemp, R. M. Kieckhafer, H. O. Klage, M. Kleifge, J. Kleinfeller, R. Krause, N. Krohm, O. Krömer, D. Kruppke-Hansen, D. Kuempel, N. Kunka, G. L. Rosa, D. LaHurd, L. Latronico, R. Lauer, M. Lauscher, P. Lautridou, S. L. Coz, M. S. A., D. Lebrun, P. Lebrun, M. A. Leigui, A. Letessier-Selvon, I. Lhenry-Yvon, K. Link, R. López, A. L. Agüera, K. Louedec, J. L. Bahilo, L. Lu, A. Lucero, M. Ludwig, M. C. Maccarone, M. Malacari, S. Maldera, M. Mallamaci, J. Maller, D. Mandat, P. Mantsch, A. G. Mariazzi, V. Marin, I. C. Mariş, G. Marsella, D. Martello, L. Martin, H. Martinez, O. M. Bravo, D. Martraire, J. J. Masía, H. J. Mathe, S. Mathy, J. A. J., J. Matthew, G. Matthiae, D. Maurel, D. Maurizio, E. Mayotte, P. O. Mazur, C. Medina, G. Medina-Tanco, M. Melissa, D. Melo, E. Menichetti, A. Menshikov, S. Messina, R. Meyhandan, S. Mićanović, M. I. Micheletti, L. Middendorf, I. A. Minaya, L. Miramonti, B. Mitrica, L. Molina-Bueno, S. Mollerach, M. Monasor, D. M. Ragaigne, F. Montanet, C. Morello, M. Mostafá, C. A. Moura, M. A. Muller, G. Müller, M. Münchmeyer, R. Mussa, G. Navarra, S. Nava, P. Necesal, L. Nellen, A. Nelle, J. Neuser, M. Niechciol, L. Niemietz, T. Niggemann, D. Nitz, D. Nosek, V. Novotny, L. Nožka, L. Ochilo, A. Olinto, M. Oliveira, N. Pacheco, D. P. Selmi-Dei, M. Palatka, J. Pallotta, N. Palmieri, P. Papenbreer, G. Parente, A. Parra, T. Paul, M. Pech, J. Pękala, R. Pelayo, I. M. Pepe, L. Perrone, R. Pesce, E. Petermann, C. Peter, S. Petrera, A. Petrolini, Y. Petrov, J. Phuntsok, R. Piegaia, T. Pierog, P. Pieroni, M. Pimenta, V. Pirronello, M. Platino, M. Plum, A. Porcelli, C. Porowski, R. R. Prado, P. Privitera, M. Prouza, V. Purrello, E. J. Quel, S. Querchfeld, S. Quinn, J. Rautenberg, O. Ravel, D. Ravignani, B. Revenu, J. Ridky, S. Riggi, M. Risse, P. Ristori, V. Rizi, J. Robert, W. R. de, I. R. Cabo, G. R. Fernandez, J. R. Rojo, M. D. Rodríguez-Fría, G. Ro, J. Rosado, T. Rossler, M. Roth, E. Roulet, A. C. Rovero, S. J. Saffi, A. Saftoiu, F. Salamida, H. Salazar, A. Saleh, F. S. Greu, G. Salina, F. Sánchez, P. Sanchez-Luca, C. E. Santo, E. Santo, E. M. Santo, F. Sarazin, B. Sarkar, R. Sarmento, R. Sato, N. Scharf, V. Scherini, H. Schieler, P. Schiffer, O. Scholten, H. Schoorlemmer, P. Schovánek, A. Schulz, J. Schulz, J. Schumacher, S. J. Sciutto, A. Segreto, M. Settimo, A. Shadkam, R. C. Shellard, I. Sidelnik, G. Sigl, O. Sima, A. Śmiałkowski, R. Šmída, G. R. Snow, P. Sommer, J. Sorokin, R. Squartini, Y. N. Srivastava, S. Stanič, J. Stapleton, J. Stasielak, M. Stephan, A. Stutz, F. Suarez, T. Suomijärvi, A. D. Supanitsky, M. S. Sutherland, J. Swain, Z. Szadkowski, M. Szuba, O. A. Taborda, A. Tapia, M. Tartare, V. M. Theodoro, C. Timmerman, C. J. Todero, G. Toma, L. Tomankova, B. Tomé, A. Tonachini, G. T. Elipe, D. T. Machado, P. Travnicek, E. Trovato, M. Tuero, R. Ulrich, M. Unger, M. Urban, J. F. Valdé, I. Valiño, L. Valore, G. v. Aar, A. M. van, S. v. Velzen, A. v. Vliet, E. Varela, B. V. Cárdena, G. Varner, J. R. Vázquez, R. A. Vázquez, D. Veberič, V. Verzi, J. Vicha, M. Videla, L. Villaseñor, B. Vlcek, S. Vorobiov, H. Wahlberg, O. Wainberg, D. Walz, A. A. Watson, M. Weber, K. Weidenhaupt, A. Weindl, F. Werner, A. Widom, L. Wiencke, B. Wilczyńska, H. Wilczyński, M. Will, C. William, T. Winchen, D. Wittkowski, B. Wundheiler, S. Wyke, T. Yamamoto, T. Yapici, P. Younk, G. Yuan, A. Yushkov, B. Zamorano, E. Za, D. Zavrtanik, M. Zavrtanik, I. Zaw, A. Zepeda, J. Zhou, Y. Zhu, M. Z. Silva, M. Ziolkowski, T. P. Auger, R. U. Abbasi, M. Abe, T. Abu-Zayyad, M. Allen, R. Anderson, R. Azuma, E. Barcikowski, J. W. Belz, D. R. Bergman, S. A. Blake, R. Cady, M. J. Chae, B. G. Cheon, J. Chiba, M. Chikawa, W. R. Cho, T. Fujii, M. Fukushima, T. Goto, W. Hanlon, Y. Hayashi, N. Hayashida, K. Hibino, K. Honda, D. Ikeda, N. Inoue, T. Ishii, R. Ishimori, H. Ito, D. Ivanov, C. C. H., K. Kadota, F. Kakimoto, O. Kalashev, K. Kasahara, H. Kawai, S. Kawakami, S. Kawana, K. Kawata, E. Kido, H. B. Kim, J. H. Kim, S. Kitamura, Y. Kitamura, V. Kuzmin, Y. J. Kwon, J. Lan, S. I. Lim, J. P. Lundquist, K. Machida, K. Marten, T. Matsuda, T. Matsuyama, J. N. Matthew, M. Minamino, K. Mukai, I. Myer, K. Nagasawa, S. Nagataki, T. Nakamura, T. Nonaka, A. Nozato, S. Ogio, J. Ogura, M. Ohnishi, H. Ohoka, K. Oki, T. Okuda, M. Ono, A. Oshima, S. Ozawa, I. H. Park, M. S. Pshirkov, D. C. Rodriguez, G. Rubtsov, D. Ryu, H. Sagawa, N. Sakurai, A. L. Sampson, L. M. Scott, P. D. Shah, F. Shibata, T. Shibata, H. Shimodaira, B. K. Shin, J. D. Smith, P. Sokolsky, R. W. Springer, B. T. Stoke, S. R. Stratton, T. A. Stroman, T. Suzawa, M. Takamura, M. Takeda, R. Takeishi, A. Taketa, M. Takita, Y. Tameda, H. Tanaka, K. Tanaka, M. Tanaka, S. B. Thoma, G. B. Thomson, P. Tinyakov, I. Tkachev, H. Tokuno, T. Tomida, S. Troitsky, Y. Tsunesada, K. Tsutsumi, Y. Uchihori, S. Udo, F. Urban, G. Vasiloff, T. Wong, R. Yamane, H. Yamaoka, K. Yamazaki, J. Yang, K. Yashiro, Y. Yoneda, S. Yoshida, H. Yoshii, R. Zollinger, Z. Zundel, T. T. Array, and Research unit Astroparticle Physics

Subjects
Ciencias Físicas, Astronomy, Rays, Astrophysics, Astroparticle physics, Cosmic rays, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Pierre, law, Anisotropy, Telescope, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Energy, [SDU.ASTR.HE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, astroparticle physic, Radiación cósmica, Auger, Cosmic, Arrival, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, Física nuclear, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, High, [PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, SURFACE DETECTOR, ICECUBE, AIR-SHOWER ARRAY, Directions, cosmic rays, 0103 physical sciences, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Ciencias Exactas, Pierre Auger Observatory, SPECTRUM, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Array, Spectral density, Spherical harmonics, Física, Astronomy and Astrophysics, ASTROFÍSICA, Ultra, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Astronomía, Dipole, RESOLUTION, Space and Planetary Science, Experimental High Energy Physics, Quadrupole, Observatory, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

Spherical harmonic moments are well-suited for capturing anisotropy at any scale in the flux of cosmic rays. An unambiguous measurement of the full set of spherical harmonic coefficients requires full-sky coverage. This can be achieved by combining data from observatories located in both the northern and southern hemispheres. To this end, a joint analysis using data recorded at the Telescope Array and the Pierre Auger Observatory above 1019 eV is presented in this work. The resulting multipolar expansion of the flux of cosmic rays allows us to perform a series of anisotropy searches, and in particular to report on the angular power spectrum of cosmic rays above 1019 eV. No significant deviation from isotropic expectations is found throughout the analyses performed. Upper limits on the amplitudes of the dipole and quadrupole moments are derived as a function of the direction in the sky, varying between 7% and 13% for the dipole and between 7% and 10% for a symmetric quadrupole., Facultad de Ciencias Exactas

Published
2014

50. Interpretation of the depths of maximum of extensive air showers measured by the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author

Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Ahlers, M., Ahn, E. J., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Allard, D., Allekotte, I., Allen, J., Allison, P., Almela, A., Alvarez Castillo, J., Alvarez Muñiz, J., Alves Batista, R., Ambrosio, M., Aminaei, A., Anchordoqui, L., Andringa, S., Antiči'C, T., Aramo, C., Arganda, E., Arqueros, F., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Aublin, J., Ave, M., Avenier, M., Avila, G., Badescu, A. M., Balzer, M., Barber, K. B., Barbosa, A. F., Bardenet, R., Barroso, S. L. C., Baughman, B., Bäuml, J., Baus, C., Beatty, J. J., Becker, K. H., Bellétoile, A., Bellido, J. A., Benzvi, S., Berat, C., Bertou, X., Biermann, P. L., Billoir, P., Blanco, F., Blanco, M., Bleve, C., Blümer, H., Boháčová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Bonino, Raffaella, Borodai, N., Brack, J., Brancus, I., Brogueira, P., Brown, W. C., Bruijn, R., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Buroker, L., Burton, R. E., Caballero Mora, K. S., Caccianiga, B., Caramete, L., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Catalano, O., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cester, Rosanna, Chauvin, J., Cheng, S. H., Chiavassa, Andrea, Chinellato, J. A., Chirinos Diaz, J., Chudoba, J., Cilmo, M., Clay, R. W., Cocciolo, G., Collica, L., Coluccia, M. R., Conceição, R., Contreras, F., Cook, H., Cooper, M. J., Coppens, J., Cordier, A., Coutu, S., Covault, C. E., Creusot, A., Criss, A., Cronin, J., Curutiu, A., Dagoret Campagne, S., Dallier, R., Daniel, B., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., de Almeida, R. M., De Domenico, M., De Donato, C., de Jong, S. J., De La Vega, G., de Mello Junior, W. J. M., de Mello Neto, J. R. T., De Mitri, I., de Souza, V., de Vries, K. D., del Peral, L., del Río, M., Deligny, O., Dembinski, H., Dhital, N., Di Giulio, C., Díaz Castro, M. L., Diep, P. N., Diogo, F., Dobrigkeit, C., Docters, W., D'Olivo, J. C., Dong, P. N., Dorofeev, A., dos Anjos, J. C., Dova, M. 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Rizi, J. Robert, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho, G. Rodriguez, I. Rodriguez Cabo, J. Rodriguez Martino, J. Rodriguez Rojo, M.D. Rodríguez-Fría, G. Ro, J. Rosado, T. Rossler, M. Roth, B. Rouillé-d'Orfeuil, E. Roulet, A.C. Rovero, C. Rühle, A. Saftoiu, F. Salamida, H. Salazar, F. Salesa Greu, G. Salina, F. SÃ! ¡nchez, C.E. Santo, E. Santo, E.M. Santo, F. Sarazin, B. Sarkar, S. Sarkar, R. Sato, N. Scharf, V. Scherini, H. Schieler, P. Schiffer, A. Schmidt, O. Scholten, H. Schoorlemmer, J. Schovancova, P. Schovánek, F. Schröder, S. Schulte, D. Schuster, S.J. Sciutto, M. Scuderi, A. Segreto, M. Settimo, A. Shadkam, R.C. Shellard, I. Sidelnik, G. Sigl, H.H. Silva Lopez, O. Sima, A. Śmiałkowski, R. Šmída, G.R. Snow, P. Sommer, J. Sorokin, H. Spinka, R. Squartini, Y.N. Srivastava, S. Stanic, J. Stapleton, J. Stasielak, M. Stephan, A. Stutz, F. Suarez, T. Suomijärvi, A.D. Supanitsky, T. Šuša, M.S. Sutherland, J. Swain, Z. Szadkowski, M. Szuba, A. Tapia, M. Tartare, O. Taşcău, R. Tcaciuc, N.T. Thao, D. Thoma, J. Tiffenberg, C. Timmerman, W. Tkaczyk, C.J. Todero Peixoto, G. Toma, L. Tomankova, B. Tomé, A. Tonachini, P. Travnicek, D.B. Tridapalli, G. Tristram, E. Trovato, M. Tuero, R. Ulrich, M. Unger, M. Urban, J.F. Valdés Galicia, I. Valiño, L. Valore, G. van Aar, A.M. van den Berg, A. van Vliet, E. Varela, B. Vargas Cárdena, J.R. Vázquez, R.A. Vázquez, D. Veberič, V. Verzi, J. Vicha, M. Videla, L. Villaseñor, H. Wahlberg, P. Wahrlich, O. Wainberg, D. Walz, A.A. Watson, M. Weber, K. Weidenhaupt, A. Weindl, F. Werner, S. Westerhoff, B.J. Whelan, A. Widom, G. Wieczorek, L. Wiencke, B. Wilczyńska, H. Wilczyński, M. Will, C. William, T. Winchen, M. Wommer, B. Wundheiler, T. Yamamoto a, T. Yapici, P. Younk, G. Yuan, A. Yushkov, B. Zamorano Garcia, E. Za, D. Zavrtanik, M. Zavrtanik, I. Zaw h, A. Zepeda b, J. Zhou, Y. Zhu, M. Zimbres Silva, M. Ziolkowski, Buscemi, Mario, Cilmo, Marco, Colalillo, Roberta, Guarino, Fausto, Valore, Laura, The Pierre Auger, Collaboration, KVI - Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, Research unit Astroparticle Physics, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Ciencias Físicas, Astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Hadron, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, ultra high energy cosmic rays, 01 natural sciences, ultra high energy cosmic ray, Interpretation (model theory), purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], Nuclear physics, 0103 physical sciences, PARTICLES, 010306 general physics, Dispersion (water waves), High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, Pierre Auger Observatory, COMPOSICIÓN DE MASA, EXPERIMENTO AUGER, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, [SDU.ASTR.HE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Observable, ASTROFÍSICA, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.3 [https], RAYOS COSMICOS, Astronomía, ENERGY COSMIC-RAYS, MODEL, Distribution (mathematics), Air shower, Particles, Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays, Experimental High Energy Physics, SIMULATION, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, Energy cosmic-rays, Física nuclear, cosmic ray experiments, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, Simulation, Model
Abstract

To interpret the mean depth of cosmic ray air shower maximum and its dispersion, we parametrize those two observables as functions of the first two moments of the ln A distribution. We examine the goodness of this simple method through simulations of test mass distributions. The application of the parameterization to Pierre Auger Observatory data allows one to study the energy dependence of the mean ln A and of its variance under the assumption of selected hadronic interaction models. We discuss possible implications of these dependences in term of interaction models and astrophysical cosmic ray sources., The successful installation, commissioning, and operation of the Pierre Auger Observatory would not have been possible without the strong commitment and effort from the technical and administrative staff in Malargüe.

Published
2013

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