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The attacks against supply chain has increased recently in an alarming levels and the implementation of blockchain to secure the IoT data of the supply chain has received positive results as it provides transparency, traceability and involvement of all the agents. In this paper, a comprehensive exploratory reports of several blockchain based supply chain implementations has been given. The challenges and benefits of implementing blockchain in supply chain, various methods and techniques, different fields of supply chain especially focusing on Pharmaceutical supply chain and the working of blockchain has all been discussed here thoroughly. It has been concluded that the application of blockchain can enhance the security of supply chain significantly by providing transparency, authenticity and confidentiality.

Traffic congestion is one of the basic problems of any urbanized areas. The main problems are the increase in the number of vehicles, lack of road infrastructure and issues in traffic signals. In this paper, we propose a system to solve one of the issues in traffic congestion. The proposed system focuses on controlling the green light signal at four-way junctions during peak hours and non-peak hours. An image processing technique using MATLAB is used for finding the density of the vehicles and count of the vehicles in the junction. Each junction is installed with cameras and the real-time videos are captured every ten seconds. Using MATLAB videos are converted to frames and further image processing techniques are used for calculating the density of the vehicle and giving a proper time slot for controlling the green and red signals. Experimental setup produces an accuracy of 90-93% in identifying the vehicle density.

The binary quadratic equation represented by the negative pellian y2=45x2-11 is analyzed for its distinct integer solutions. A few interesting relations among the solutions are also given. Further, employing the solutions of the above hyperbola, we have obtained solutions of other choices of hyperbolas, parabolas and special Pythagorean triangle.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients affects retina function owing to chronic elevated excessive blood glucose rates. The DR is a severe medical disorder. Patients with diabetes are easily prone to this medical complication which when not detected and treated at earlier stages, leads to vision loss. Globally, diabetes mellitus is the fifth leading cause of vision loss. So, active research is being conducted in this area to find novel ways in identifying the stages of DR. Specific image recognition methods and computer simulation algorithms were initially used to classify DR, but their usefulness was inadequate in real-time clinical practice. The evolution of deep learning models like convolution neural network performed better in identifying DR and non-referable DR compared to conventional machine learning models. Different variations of CNN architecture are being developed over the period, but more analysis and experimentation needs to be carried out to choose the appropriate architecture for detecting Diabetic Retinopathy. The aim of this research is to apply and understand how the performance of pre-trained Deep learning model – ResNet, a deep layered neural network performs to identify non-referable DR and different types of referable DR.

Forensic dentistry or forensic odontology admits dentists' participation or identification of the victim and assisting legal and criminal issues. It refers to the proper handling, examination, identification and evaluation of dental evidence. This article summarizes the evolution of forensic odontology that started right from Garden of Eden to the modern scenario in identification of the gang rape case which happened in the state capital. Forensic dentistry plays a significant role in identifying the victims of crime, deceased individuals through the examination of anatomical structures, dental appliances and dental restorations.

Oral ulcers are diverse in number. Recurrent aphthous ulceration is the most common form of painful ulcerations in oral cavity. The diagnosis is well defined but the etiology and pathogenesis remains unclear. It is common condition affecting 20% of general population. This review article provides the exact etiology, diagnosis, criteria and treatment of RAS.

Oral leukoplakia is one of the most common potentially malignant disorders. Right diagnosis of potentially malignant disorders may help to prevent these lesions from malignant transformation. Proper understanding, recognizing, identification and differentiating these lesions from normal mucosa are necessary for proper treatment.

Cells are made of many organelles. One of those organelles is lysosome, which are cellular organelles and are the first line of defense. They are found only in animal cells. Their main function is destroying foreign bodies that could harm the cell. They get rid of unwanted matter and also help in repair of damaged plasma membrane and seal the wound. Lysosomal storage diseases (LSD) are metabolic disorders caused by deficiency of a single gene. There are about 50 groups of diseases found which are mostly autosomal inherited and few are X-linked inheritance. No cure for LSDs has been found yet and they are mostly symptomatic. Recently, progress has been made in the treatment of LSDs.