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Prognosis of hepatoblastoma patients has increased with cisplatin-based chemotherapy and high-quality resection including liver transplant. Consequently current risk-adapted therapeutic strategy aims to reduce long-term side effects in patients with standard risk disease. We report long-term mortality and morbidity data concerning 151 2-year hepatoblastoma survivors treated with SIOPEL risk-adapted strategies (sex-ratio M/F = 1.6, median age at diagnosis = 2.6 years [range 0–17.7], median year at diagnosis = 2008 [1994–2017]). Fifty-three patients had loco-regional risk factors VPEFR, 12 were PRETEXT-IV and 30 were metastatic. All received cisplatin and 84 anthracyclines. Twelve had liver transplant. To assess hearing, renal and cardiac functions, audiograms were performed in 116/151 patients (76.8%), glomerular filtration rate in 113/151 (74.8%) and cardiac ultrasound in 65/84 (77.4%) anthracycline-exposed patients. With a median follow-up of 9.4 years (range 2.1–25.8), four late relapses, one second malignancy (Acute Myeloid Leukemia AML-M5) and two deaths (one from hepatoblastoma, one from AML) occurred. The 10-years event free survival and overall survival probabilities were 95.5% (95% CI 91.9–99.1) and 98.7% (95% CI 96.8–100), respectively. Sixty-eight non-oncologic health-events included 57 cases of hearing loss (including 25 Brock 3–4), three liver cirrhosis, three pre-operative portal cavernoma, two focal nodular hyperplasia, two grade-1 chronic kidney diseases and one asymptomatic cardiac dysfunction were reported. Ototoxicity was significantly associated with cisplatin cumulative dose (OR = 2.07, 95% CI 1.32–3.24, p = 0.001) and carboplatin exposure (OR = 3.14, 95% CI 1.30–7.58, p = 0.01) in multivariable analysis adjusted for sex and age at diagnosis. With current risk-adapted strategies, hepatoblastoma is a highly curable disease, with very rare relapses, and few late effects except hearing loss which remains a serious condition in these very young patients.

International audience; The laminar burning rate, the explosion peak pressure, and the pressure rise coefficient have been measured for the first time for silane-nitrous oxide-argon mixtures using the spherically expanding flame technique in a constant volume combustion chamber. For these three parameters, the values obtained were higher than for hydrogen-nitrous oxide-argon and typical hydrocarbon-based mixtures. A maximum burning rate of 1800 g/m2 s was measured at 101 kPa, whereas under similar conditions, a maximum burning rate around 950 g/m2 s has been reported for hydrogen-nitrous oxide-argon mixtures. To better understand the chemical dynamics of flames propagating in SiH4–N2O–Ar mixtures, a detailed reaction model from the literature was improved using collision limit violation analysis and updated thermodynamic properties calculated with a high-level ab initio approach. The reaction model predicts the burning rate within 14% on average but demonstrates error close to 50% for the richest mixtures. The chemistry of the H–O–N system is important under all the conditions presently studied. The chemistry of the Si–H–O–N system demonstrates an increasing importance under rich conditions. In particular, the reactions (i) forming SiOx(s); (ii) describing the interaction of Si-species with N2O; and (iii) involving silicon hydrides, have an important role for the heat release dynamics. The condensed combustion products formed in the silane-nitrous oxide-argon flames were sampled and characterized using electron micrograph, electronic diffraction, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and X-ray powder diffraction. For all equivalence ratios, silica spherical particles with a mean diameter in the range 200–300 nm were observed. In addition, for mixtures with Φ ≥ 2.2, silicon nanowires were formed. X-ray diffraction experiments showed that the silicon nanowires are composed of metal silicon characterized by a cubic structure (lattice parameter: a=5.425Å) with the Fm-3m space group.

International audience; Nitromethane has many applications, such as in racing, as a gasoline fuel additive, and as a monopropellant. Despite a large number of studies and the small size of the molecule, the combustion chemistry of nitromethane is still not well understood. To improve models, the pyrolysis of nitromethane (CH3NO2) was investigated experimentally in shock tubes and in a micro flow reactor with a controlled temperature profile (MFR), under dilute conditions. Several spectroscopic diagnostics were used in the shock tubes to follow the concentration time histories of CO, H2O (both using IR laser absorption), and CH3NO2 (UV light absorption). A quadrupole mass spectrometer was used to measure CH3NO2, NO2, CH4, C2H4, and C2H2 at various temperatures with the MFR. These unique experimental results were compared to modern, detailed kinetics models from the literature, and no mechanism was able to reproduce these data over the wide range of conditions investigated. Predictions for the CO and H2O levels were generally inaccurate, and the CH4, C2H4, and C2H2 predictions were poor in most cases for the MFR data. Importantly, all models largely differ in their predictions. A numerical analysis was performed to identify ways to improve the next generation of nitromethane models. Results indicate that nitromethane decomposition needs to be improved below 1050 K, and that hydrocarbon-NOx interactions still need to be further investigated.

Study question What is the impact of the type of myeloablative conditioning (MAC) regimen applied for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) on uterine volume of childhood leukemia survivors? Summary answer Uterine volume is significantly decreased after HSCT. Not only Total Body Irradiation (TBI), but also high-dose chemotherapy-based regimens containing alkylating agents induce uterine damage. What is known already Premature ovarian failure after HSCT is well known, as well as the uterine damage induced by TBI on uterine volume. A few studies have reported smaller uterus after HSCT in women treated with chemotherapy only. In these studies, uterus volume was assessed by a transabdominal and/or transvaginal ultrasonography, and primary diagnosis, age at treatment and chemotherapy regimen were heterogeneous. These preliminary results suggested that alkylating agents could induce uterine damage, as well as they induce fibrosis and vascular damage in ovarian stroma. The impact of chemotherapy on myometrium and uterus is still few investigated. Study design, size, duration A prospective multicentric national study was conducted between 2017, November and 2021, June in 16 University Teaching Hospitals that are following more than 4 500 childhood acute leukemia survivors enrolled in the L.E.A cohort. We included 88 adult women treated for a childhood acute leukemia with HSCT and who agreed a pelvic MRI assessment. Every case was matched 1:1 to control women who underwent MRI for benign ovarian cysts or benign pelvic pathology. Participants/materials, setting, methods Pelvic MRI scans were performed with a 1.5-T or 3T magnetic resonance scanner, including diffusion-weighted imaging sequences. Scans were centralized for a double-blinded lecture by two radiologists. The main outcome was the uterine volume. The secondary outcomes were uterine body-to-cervix ratio and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). Univariate and multivariate analyses have investigated the association of clinical and imaging variables with conditioning regimen and age at HSCT. Main results and the role of chance The mean age in HSCT group was 26.5 + 6.3 years. Mean age at HSCT was 9.1 + 0.3 years with a mean follow-up of 16.4 + 0.5 years. Among the 88 women included in HSCT group, two groups of conditioning regimens have been compared to the control group: a chemotherapy-only MAC regimen group with high dose of alkylating agents (n = 34) and one TBI-based regimen group (n = 52). Two MRI scans were not available. Among HSCT group, 75 women were considered as “normally impregnated” by estrogens, by hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) or thanks to a residual ovarian function. Uterine volume was significantly decreased both after chemotherapy-only MAC regimen and after TBI, with respectively 45.3 + 5.6 and 19.6 + 1.9 mL Vs 79.7 + 3.3 mL in control population (p Limitations, reasons for caution The number of pregnancies obtained spontaneously or after oocyte donation in our study population was too low to evaluate the obstetrical impact of uterine damage caused by non-TBI regimens. Wider implications of the findings Our results provide strong evidence that a MAC regimen containing high dose of alkylating agents could induce uterine damage. In these sub-group of women, HRT increases the volume of the uterus compared to non-treated women. After TBI, uterine volume is dramatically decreased, with no benefit of HRT on it. Trial registration number NCT 03583294

Study question What is the outcome of ovarian tissue cryopreservation (OTC) in paediatric patients from the beginning of its setting in two different French centres? Summary answer In our cohort of 75 paediatric patients who underwent OTC, the mean age, malignancy rate and survival rate were 9.7 years, 70.7% and 77.3% respectively. What is known already Cancer treatments of last decades improve the survival rate of children and adolescents; however chemo- and radiotherapy result in gonadal damage leading to acute ovarian failure and sterility. The preservation of fertility is now an integral part of care of children requiring gonadotoxic treatments. Currently OTC represents the only possibility of preserving the potential fertility in prepubertal girls. OTC is an effective fertility preservation option which allows long-term storage of primordial follicles, subsequent transplantation restores endocrine function and fertility. The efficacy of these techniques is well-demonstrated within adult population but the data are poor for paediatric patients. Study design, size, duration This is a retrospective study of OTC practice of two French centres from January 2004 to May 2020. Participants/materials, setting, methods A total of 75 patients from paediatrics units underwent cryopreservation of ovarian tissue before gonadotoxic therapy for malignant or benign diseases. The ovarian cortex was cut into fragments and the number of follicles per square millimeter was evaluated histologically. The long-term follow-up includes survival rate, hormonal and fertility status. Main results and the role of chance The mean age at OTC of 75 patients was 9.7 years [0.2 – 20], 32% were postpubertal. 53 had malignant disease and 22 had non-malignant disease. The most frequent diagnoses in this cohort included acute leukemia, hemoglobinopathies and neuroblastoma. Indication for OTC was stem cell transplantation for 78.7% (n = 59) girls. A third of each ovary was collected for 62,7% (n = 47) patients, a whole ovary for 33,3% (n = 25) patients and a third of one ovary alone for 4,0% (n = 3) patients. An average of 17 fragments [5–35] per patient was cryoconserved. A correlation was found between age and the number of fragments (p Median post-harvest follow-up was 92 months [1–188]: 17 girls had died, 12 were still treated for their pathology and 46 were in complete remission. Of all patients, 29 have been subject to hormonal status evaluation and 26 were diagnosed with premature ovarian insufficiency (p Limitations, reasons for caution This study is a retrospective analysis. The cohort was not compared with a control group who did not undergo OTC or with an adult population. Furthermore, many of these girls are still young and do not intend to use the transplantation of thawed ovarian tissue yet. Wider implications of the findings: OTC should be proposed to all girls with high risk of developing premature ovarian insufficiency following gonadotoxic therapies in order to give them the possibility of fertility and endocrine restoration. Trial registration number Not applicable

Supporting or shaping a porous powder is important for industrial applications as optimized structure with high mass transfer, low pressure drop and high mechanical and chemical stability can be obtained. A new class of geopolymer-hydrotalcite composites with suitable mechanical and thermal properties were conceived as shaped materials for CO2 adsorption applications at intermediate temperature (200–400 °C). Composite monoliths were produced mixing different commercial hydrotalcite-type (HyT) powders with a metakaolin-based geopolymer matrix with a molar ratio SiO2:Al2O3 = 4.0. The compressive strength at room temperature and 500 °C ranged between 10 and 35 MPa, mainly depending on HyT powder morphology and composite total porosity. The composites were characterized and tested in term of CO2 uptake. After calcination to convert HyT into an amorphous Mg:Al mixed solid oxide able to absorb CO2, the composites were tested in the CO2 adsorption at 200 °C, with cycles of adsorption/desorption performed with intermediate regeneration at 500 °C. CO2 adsorption capacity was in the range 0.375–0.461 mmol g−1 for HyT and between 0.109 and 0.145 mmol g−1 for composites, being 0.052 mmol g−1 the value for the geopolymer matrix. A partial deactivation of the HyT phases was also detected.

Journal of Instrumentation 15(09), P09004 (2020). doi:10.1088/1748-0221/15/09/P09004, For the Phase-II Upgrade of the ATLAS Detector [1], its Inner Detector, consisting of silicon pixel, silicon strip and transition radiation sub-detectors, will be replaced with an all new 100% silicon tracker, composed of a pixel tracker at inner radii and a strip tracker at outer radii. The future ATLAS strip tracker will include 11,000 silicon sensor modules in the central region (barrel) and 7,000 modules in the forward region (end-caps), which are foreseen to be constructed over a period of 3.5 years. The construction of each module consists of a series of assembly and quality control steps, which were engineered to be identical for all production sites. In order to develop the tooling and procedures for assembly and testing of these modules, two series of major prototyping programs were conducted: an early program using readout chips designed using a 250 nm fabrication process (ABCN-250) [2,2] and a subsequent program using a follow-up chip set made using 130 nm processing (ABC130 and HCC130 chips). This second generation of readout chips was used for an extensive prototyping program that produced around 100 barrel-type modules and contributed significantly to the development of the final module layout. This paper gives an overview of the components used in ABC130 barrel modules, their assembly procedure and findings resulting from their tests., Published by Inst. of Physics, London

Fashion, as one of the largest industries in the world, causes serious social and environmental issues. Sustainable fashion aims to reduce pollution and improve working conditions in the industry. This article suggests ideas for improving advertising and better understanding consumer behavior in order to promote sustainable fashion. While there is still a lack of academic studies on consumer behavior and sustainable fashion, there is a need of the fashion industry to become more sustainable. Further work on improving sustainable fashion advertising as well as better understanding the target audience is to date necessary.

Resume Depuis quelques annees, notamment grâce aux progres dans la comprehension et la prise en charge des conflits immunitaires post-allogreffe, le nombre de greffes realisees avec un donneur haploidentique augmente au niveau international. Ce donneur familial partageant un seul haplotype HLA avec le receveur est disponible dans plus de 90 % des cas. La pratique de greffe haploidentique, rapportee pour la premiere fois en 1998 par l’equipe de Massimo Martelli, a evolue considerablement ces dix dernieres annees. De la depletion T in vitro, avec des techniques de plus en plus performantes, a la depletion T in vivo, les modalites se precisent et certaines indications emergent. En pediatrie, la depletion T in vitro reste largement utilisee par les equipes allemandes et italiennes. En France, en pediatrie, lorsqu’il s’agit de realiser une greffe dite alternative c’est-a-dire lorsqu’il y a ni donneur genoidentique ni donneur phenoidentique, le sang placentaire est la source de cellules souches majoritairement choisie. Recemment, au sein des ateliers d’harmonisation des pratiques de la Societe francaise de greffe de moelle et de therapie cellulaire (SFGM-TC), des recommandations concernant la greffe haploidentique chez l’adulte ont ete publiees. Des resultats encourageants sont obtenus avec un greffon non selectionne en particulier dans des pathologies lymphoides. En pediatrie, en France, le developpement de la greffe haploidentique, dont la pratique est encore relativement confidentielle, necessitera egalement la publication de telles recommandations. Dans cette mise au point, nous decrirons les principales evolutions de la greffe haploidentique et analyserons les donnees publiees par les differents groupes pediatriques.

Since the first outbreak of Xylella fastidiosa (Xf) on Polygala myrtifolia in natural settings in 2015 in France, Xf has been detected on more than thirty plant species with a validated method based on Real-Time PCR (Harper et al, 2010) associated to DNA extraction with QuickPick™ Plant DNA kit (Bio-Nobile) and KingFisher™ automate (Thermo Fisher Scientific). The sample preparation and isolation performed on modified PWG medium (EPPO, 2016) have been optimized and more than 40 Xf strains were isolated from Coffee plants, various ornamentals and trees. Critical reagents used for characterization of isolates directly on plant and on isolated strains according to a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) (http://pubmlst.org/xfastidiosa/) following the amplification protocol of Yuan et al. (2010) were evaluated to optimize EPPO protocol PM 7/24. Thus isolates in France were mostly allocated to sequence types ST6 and ST7 (subspecies multiplex) although other subspecies were identified punctually (Denancé et al., 2017). Philaenus spumarius, known as vector in Apulia is widespread in mainland France and Corsica. A detection method of X f in insects was validated based on Real-Time PCR (Harper et al., 2010) performed in duplex with internal controls 18S (Ioos et al., 2009), after DNA extraction using the same commercial kit (Bio-Nobile). The rate of contaminated insects based on individual insect testing varied, according to the outbreak locations in Corsica, from 4% to 25%.This research is financially supported by the Project H2020 PONTE.

Since the first outbreak of X. fastidiosa on Polygala myrtifolia (Pm) in natural settings in 2015 in France, the national survey showed that disease is present in many ornamental host plant in environment of Corsica and French Riviera (PACA). X. fastidiosa has been detected on around forty plant species with a validated method based on Real-Time PCR (Harper et al., 2010) associated to DNA extraction with QuickPick™ Plant DNA kit (Bio-Nobile) and KingFisher™ automate (Thermo Fisher Scientific). The sample preparation and isolation performed on modified PWG medium (EPPO, 2016) have been optimized and more than 40 X. fastidiosa strains were isolated from various ornamentals and trees. The characterization of isolates directly on plant or on pure strains is performed according to a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) (http://pubmlst.org/X. fastidiosa/). Following EPPO protocol PM 7/24 isolates were mostly allocated to sequence types ST6 and ST7 (subspecies multiplex). Modifications of the amplification protocol (Yuan et al., 2010) proposed by Denancé et al.(2017) revealed infections linked to the subspecies pauca, sandyi, one recombinant and some mixed infections. EPPO protocol MLST confirmed four isolates in Polygala myrtifolia from PACA contaminated with subsp. pauca but not the identification of other contaminants. These contaminations could not be observed again in the immediate environment after plant eradication. Subspecies assignation directly from plant material is not always successful linked to PCR inhibitors depending of host plants. This study confirms the diversity of subspecies of X. fastidiosa in France. Nevertheless subspecies multiplex was found in the great majority., {"references":["Denance N, Legendre B, Briand M, Olivier V, de Boisseson C, Poliakoff F & Jacques M-A. 2017. Several","Harper SJ, Ward LI, & Clover GRG, 2010. Development of LAMP and Real-Time PCR methods for the","Yuan X., Morano L., Bromley R., Spring-Pearson S., Stouthamer R., & Nunney, L. (2010). Multilocus"]}

Introduction Le chemobrain regroupe les anomalies cognitives post-chimiotherapie. C’est une entite pathologique de decouverte recente et peu connue. Ces anomalies restent difficilement objectivables. La TEP/TDM au 18F-FDG a deja montre son interet chez l’adulte dans l’evaluation quantitative et qualitative des effets de la chimiotherapie sur le metabolisme cerebral. L’objectif de ce travail est d’etudier l’impact de la chimiotherapie sur le metabolisme cerebral chez des enfants suivis pour un lymphome de Hodgkin. Materiel et methodes Il s’agit d’une etude retrospective, unicentrique, realisee de mai 2013 a decembre 2017. Les criteres d’inclusion etaient une preuve histologique du diagnostic de lymphome de Hodgkin, la realisation d’une TEP/TDM au 18F-FDG corps entier avant toute chimiotherapie et une TEP/TDM corps entier au 18F-FDG de reevaluation apres 2 cures d’OEPA chez l’enfant. Des cartes statistiques parametriques ont ete realisees via SPM afin d’etablir une cartographie du metabolisme cerebral apres chimiotherapie en comparaison avec la TEP initiale. Une valeur de p Resultats Vingt enfants atteints d’un lymphome de Hodgkin ont ete inclus. Une TEP/TDM au 18F-FDG lors du stagging initial et une TEP/TDM au 18F-FDG apres deux cures ont ete realisees. Chez ces enfants, on met en evidence de maniere statistiquement significative des hypometabolismes cerebraux insulaires, temporaux, frontaux mediaux et lateraux, cingulaires et parietaux apparaissant apres 2 cures de chimiotherapie de type OEPA. Pour la meme significativite statistique, l’etendue et la profondeur des alterations metaboliques etaient moins importantes dans une population d’adultes suivis pour un lymphome de Hodgkin que chez les enfants. Conclusion La TEP/TDM au 18F-FDG fournit des arguments objectifs pour expliquer les troubles cerebraux causes par la chimiotherapie. Son utilisation dans l’evaluation des troubles cognitifs post-chimiotherapie pourrait conduire a une meilleure comprehension de la physiopathologie et a une meilleure prise en charge du chemobrain. Ces resultats seront a comparer aux resultats des tests neuropsychologiques.

The chemiluminescence originating from OH∗, the excited hydroxyl radical, is one of the most extensively used diagnostics to characterize auto-ignition delay time of gaseous mixtures behind reflected shock waves. We have carried out new experiments and modeling of this diagnostic as well as analyzed previous results for hydrogen-based mixtures, including H_2–O_2, H_2O_2–H_(2)O, H_2–N_(2)O and H_2–O_2–N_(2)O. The experiments were analyzed with a detailed chemical reaction model which included mechanisms for OH∗ creation, quenching and emission. Simulations of the reaction behind reflected shock waves were used to predict OH∗ emission profiles and compare this with measured results as well as profiles of temperature and the ground state concentrations of OH. Analysis of OH∗ rates of progress demonstrates that a quasi-steady state approximation is applicable and an algebraic model for OH∗ concentrations can be derived that relates emission to the product of concentrations of O and H for H_2–O_2 and H_(2)O_2 mixtures and an additional contribution by the product of H and N_(2)O when N_(2)O is an oxidizer.

The magnetic-field-dependent spin ordering of strained BiFeO

The transmission of data from detectors in future high energy experiments will be driven by a number of requirements. In many cases, raw bandwidth is the strongest of these but other needs such as diverse functionality, compactness, low power and radiation resistance are equally important. The GigaBit-Transceiver project has been launched to provide a solution to these problems. The aim is to deliver a chip-set to build a bidirectional optical link transmitting and receiving serial data at 4.8 Gigabit/s. The project is based on three integrated circuits; a trans-impedance amplifier to receive signals from a photo-diode, a laser driver, and a transceiver containing a high-speed serialiser and de-serialiser. All of these have been successfully prototyped, and this paper will focus on the design and results from the serialiser/deserialiser prototype. This has been designed in commercial 130 nm CMOS with particular emphasis on enhancing its immunity to single-event-effects. The specific design features to achieve this will be described. The chip has been fully characterized in the lab, and jitter and bit-error-rate measurements are presented. The custom packaging of the chip will also be described together with the next steps foreseen in the project.

The understanding of the mechanism of soot formation and growth in combustion systems is a challenging task. Although many works are found in literature concerning experimental measurements and modelling development, efforts are still required to have a deep knowledge of soot formation mechanisms. Tanks to the application of optical diagnostics techniques, experiments in shock tube give important contribution to this. This work is focused on the development and application of the laser extinction/scattering technique in shock tube experiments. Emphasis is given to the scattering optical arrangement for the determination of soot size growth. Results concerning the induction delay time, the soot yield and the particle diameter growth are presented for the pyrolysis of ethylene and toluene at pressure about 500 kPa and for a wide range of temperature.

Resume La survenue d'une pathologie cancereuse chez un enfant ou un adolescent a un impact tres particulier sur le patient compte tenu du fait qu'il est en developpement. La comprehension des modalites d'adaptation du patient passe en premier lieu par la prise en compte du niveau de fonctionnement des jeunes patients et ensuite par l'evaluation des reactions psychiques des parents. Les auteurs s'interessent successivement aux reactions psychologiques des jeunes patients : a) apres l'annonce que le jeune patient a une maladie potentiellement letale ; b) lors de la phase de traitement et d'entretien ; c) lors de la rechute.

Different aspects of the interaction between droplets and flame propagation have been studied. First, flammability limits of H2/air/steam mixtures at 100 kPa for 3 temperatures between 358 and 383 K. the flammability domain was marginally modified by increasing the temperature. The mixtures were not flammable for H2O mol% ≥ 55. The presence of water mist in initially dry H2/air mixtures at 100 kPa and 298 K did not shift the lower flammability limit as long as the droplets density number was below a critical value. The slight shift in the limit was essentially due to the saturated water vapor pressure. The effect of dispersed large droplets (SMD = 200-250 μm) on laminar H2/air flames was also marginal except when the droplet velocity is of the same order of magnitude as the flame speed in the same direction. Non-flammable H2/air/steam mixtures at 358 K and 383 K were made explosive by aspersion with cold water spray. However, the pressure increase was limited when ignition occurred for mixtures close to the flammability limit. In this case, the burned gas bubble was rapidly dragged downward by the spray. The water mist effect on the deflagration of H2/air mixtures were studied for various equivalence ratios. With droplets diameter

Monomethylhydrazine (MMH)/nitrogen tetroxide (NTO) is a well-known bipropellant combination system, the main advantage of which is low temperature ignition without ignition device, also called hypergolicity. The use of other chemical systems, less toxic, less hazardous, less corrosive, and more environmentally friendly than MMH/NTO are nowadays desirable. The replacement of the fuel MMH by ethanol (EtOH) is examined here. It is shown that ethanol/NTO mixtures are not hypergolic, but that reactions take place at room temperature and that these reactions form ethyl nitrite. Chemical reasons able to explain this reactivity, which does not lead to ignition, are discussed. In particular, it is shown that the EtOH/NTO initiation reactions going through H abstraction by NO2, whatever this initiation reaction is, and especially the one leading to ethyl nitrite, are considerably more endothermic than the corresponding MMH/NTO initiation reactions.

Background. Blood lipid profile of French men and women obtained from the general population is not well known. Furthermore, the association between these lipids, as a function of other potential risk factors for cardiovascular disease, and sociodemographic factors such as age, educational level, and region of residence is not well studied in large samples in Europe. Methods. Data on French healthy volunteers, aged between 40 and 65 years for men (n = 5141) and 35 and 65 years for women (n = 7876) were obtained from the “Supplementation en Vitamines et Mineraux Antioxydants” (SU.VI.MAX) study, a primary prevention trial. Baseline blood samples were collected in 1994–1995 and analyzed for cholesterol, triglyceride, apolipoproteins (apo)-B and -A1. The results were analyzed separately for men and women as a function of age, educational level, and area of residence. Results. Overall, blood lipid levels for men and women did not differ significantly from those reported in other Western industrialized countries. Except for triglyceride in men, all blood lipids were statistically different among ages. In women, cholesterol, apo-A1, and apo-B showed a significant decrease with educational level. Statistical differences were found in both genders between blood lipids and lipoproteins among regions of residence. Conclusions. Even if differences between region of residence were found in blood lipid levels, this cannot explain the North–East to South gradient in the prevalence of cardiovascular disease in France nor differences between France and other industrialized Western countries.

A study of detonation velocity and cellular structure for stoichiometric heptane/oxygen and for some stoichiometric heptane/oxygen/argon mixtures is carried out in a shock tube at low initial pressure. The critical conditions for the detonation onset and for the propagation of a self-sustained detonation wave are determined. A simplified form of the ZND model used in conjunction with a validated detailed kinetic model leads to the determination of the proportionality factor, A , between the detonation cell width, λ , and the induction distance, Δ , in the detonation wave. This A factor is of practical importance to estimate the detonation properties of n -heptane based mixtures including n -heptane/air. The prediction of detonation cell size λ for n -heptane based mixtures is discussed according to the recent semi-empirical detonation model of Gavrikov et al. The cell sizes predicted according to this detonation model are underestimated by a factor of about 8. The limitations of this model are underlined when applied to n -heptane based mixtures.

The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) tracker uses complex, programmable embedded electronics for the readout of silicon sensors, for the control of the working point of optical transmitters, for the phase adjustment with respect to the 40-MHz Large Hadron Collider (LHC) clock, and for the monitoring of voltages, currents, and temperatures. To establish reliable low-noise communication with the outside world, the control chain has been designed to operate over a ribbon of digital optical fibers. A small-scale prototype of the control system for the CMS tracker has been recently developed; it is based on a front-end controller unit that distributes, via high-speed digital optical links, both timing signals and slow control data to the clocking and control units where they are fanned out to the front-end electronics. To operate these devices and finally perform the downloading of the settings needed to operate the system, a multilayered software architecture has been developed in such a way that the end user does not need to know any of the details concerning the hardware structure. The parameters relevant to the proper operation of the entire system are stored in an Oracle database; an interface between the slow control software and the database allows one to access and retrieve the values of the parameters that need to be downloaded. This paper describes the components, hardware and software, of the prototype control system developed for the CMS tracker.

Pediatric nephrotic syndrome (NS) is most often idiopathic or primary but in rare cases, it can be secondary to neoplasia. We report on a case of steroid-resistant NS revealing as a paraneoplastic syndrome of Hodgkin disease (HD) in a 12-year-old boy. The onset of the NS can be earlier, later, or simultaneous to the HD. Treatment of the lymphoma allows the disappearance of the NS. In the case we observed, the diagnosis of HD was delayed because HD presented with an isolated, hilar adenopathy in the absence of retroperitoneal or peripheral locations. In children aged 10 years or more presenting with NS, steroid-resistant or otherwise, a possible paraneoplastic origin such as Hodgkin lymphoma should always be taken into consideration and eventually eliminated.

Haploidentical allogeneic stem cell transplantation (CST) has globally taken off in the past decade. It appears to be a valid alternative to other sources of stem cells; however, further research is necessary to validate the use of this approach in standard patient care. In the attempt to harmonize clinical practices between different French transplantation centers, the French Society of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cell Therapies (SFGM-TC) set up its fourth annual series of workshops which brought together practitioners from all of its member centers. These workshops took place in September 2013 in Lille. This is part one of the recommendations regarding allogeneic stem cell transplantation from an HLA-haploidentical related donor.

Haploidentical allogeneic stem cell transplantation (CST) has globally taken off in the past decade. It appears to be a valid alternative to other sources of stem cells; however, further research is necessary to validate the use of this approach in standard patient care. In the attempt to harmonize clinical practices between different French transplantation centers, the French Society of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cell Therapies (SFGM-TC) set up its fourth annual series of workshops which brought together practitioners from all of its member centers. These workshops took place in September 2013 in Lille. This is part two of the recommendations regarding allogeneic stem cell transplantation from an HLA-haploidentical related donor.

The shock-to-detonation transition (SDT) in gaseous n-heptane/oxygen/argon mixtures has been experimentally studied, using a shock tube, at low initial pressure (2–4 kPa) for a better understanding of the deflagration-to-detonation transition process. The detonation is generated by a precursory shock wave (PSW), with a Mach number smaller than that of the self-sustained detonation. Pressure (P2) and temperature (T2) behind incident shock waves have been accurately determined from the PSW velocity. The transition occurs in the measurement zone located between 3.20 m and 3.65 m from the shock tube diaphragm. The auto-ignition of mixture behind PSW is immediately followed by the onset of a combustion wave, which propagates at near Chapman–Jouguet (CJ) detonation velocity in the mixture carried at P2, T2 conditions. Consequently, the pressure peak can reach 350 times the initial pressure during the transition. The combustion wave merges with the PSW to form an overdriven detonation propagating in the initial ...

A detailed kinetic model devoted to the hydrazine vapor detonation has been built. It consists of 33 reversible reactions and 13 species. A reduced kinetic model has been proposed by using the Principal Component Analysis of matrix F (PCAF) method as implemented in KINALC. It is constituted of 26 reactions and 11 species. This model has been shown to be valid over a pressure range of 0.1 to 10 atm. However, the predictions of the models are significantly affected by changes in the enthalpy of formation of N $_2$ H $_3$ . With the help of the full kinetic model, a value of A, the proportionality factor in the ZND model between the induction distance in the detonation wave and the detonation cell size, of $27.5 \pm 3.0$ has been derived if one considers that the collision efficiency of N $_2$ H $_4$ on the thermal decomposition of hydrazine is equal to the one of N $_2$ . The value of A for pure hydrazine detonation is shown to be strongly dependent on the value of the collision efficiency of N $_2$ H $_4$ .

Flame speeds of dimethyl ether and air mixtures have been measured in a spherical bomb by using two experimental methods, for equivalence ratios ranging from 0.7 to 1.7 at an initial pressure of 1 bar and a temperature of 295 K. The corrected funda-mental velocities were deduced from the measured flame speeds and thermodynamic data. The maximum burning velocity of 47.5 cm/s was observed at an equivalence ratio of 1.13. Partial agreement with a model for dimethyl ether oxidation was obtained. Chemical kinetic modeling of the flame speeds was performed with a detailed mechanism for the oxidation of DME comprising 77 species and 351 reactions. In addition, sensitivity analyses were used to identify the most important reactions and showed methyl and formyl radicals are key species influencing the flame speed.

The objective of this study is to characterize the lifetime of monomethylhydrazine mixed with O2, both in the gas phase, at 298 K. A detailed kinetic model has been built to allow a numerical study of the homogeneous MMH/O2 reactivity.

Resume L'encephalite herpetique de l'enfant est une maladie rare, de diagnostic difficile et de pronostic severe. Observation Nous rapportons le cas d'une enfant de 2 ans chez qui le diagnostic suspecte cliniquement n'a pu etre confirme par le bilan paraclinique initial, et qui a presente une evolution particuliere a j29 sous forme de ≪ rechute ≫ malgre dix jours de traitement par acyclovir. Le traitement par acyclovir a ete repris, associe a des immunosuppresseurs (corticoides, puis cyclophosphamide). Huit mois plus tard, l'enfant presente des sequelles. Conclusion Cette observation souligne l'importance de la clinique et la necessite de controler le bilan avant l'arret du traitement antiviral qui doit etre prolonge trois semaines. Par ailleurs, elle souligne l'interet d'une meilleure comprehension du mecanisme de la rechute afin de proposer des traitements plus efficaces.

The objective of this study is to estimate the efficiency of ignition promotion or inhibition for H2=O2=Ar mixtures by monomethylhydrazine (CH3NHNH2, noted MMH), a propellant widely used in rocket propulsion systems. This is accomplished by computations performed with a detailed kinetic model. The model is validated with experimental ignition delays obtained behind a reflected shock wave in mixtures of MMH=O2=Ar, MMH=O2=H2=Ar and H2=O2=Ar. Good agreement (to about 25 per cent) is obtained between experimental and computed ignition delays with the mixtures of MMH=H2=O2=Ar at high temperatures (900–1170 K), in the pressure range 225–414 kPa. For the mixtures of H2=O2=Ar the agreement is also good over a very large range of temperatures (960±2300 K), pressures (up 5 MPa) and compositions (from highly diluted mixtures to undiluted). This model shows that, for the mixtures under consideration, MMH added in relatively small amounts (up to 10 per cent with respect to hydrogen) is an inhibitor or a promoter, depending on the amount added, under 1000 K and an inhibitor above 1000 K.

Ignition delays have been investigated for mixtures of monomethylhydrazine (MMH) + O 2 + Ar at high temperatures (850–1440 K) in the pressure range 160–400 kPa, for equivalence ratios of 1–4.3 and in the Ar dilution range 82–96 mol%. The replacement of argon by nitrogen leads to a twofold increase of the delay. The addition of 0.88–2.4 mol% hydrogen to the MMH + O 2 + Ar mixture shows that hydrogen has, globally, a promoting effect on the ignition in MMH + O 2 + (Ar). Moreover, it is shown, with the help of a kinetic model that the addition of MMH by forming radicals during its oxidative decomposition promotes hydrogen oxidation in the temperature range 900–1000 K.

Todd et al. (2014) have recently demonstrated the presence of vestibular dependent changes both in the morphology and in the intensity dependence of auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) when passing through the vestibular threshold as determined by vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs). In this paper we extend this work by comparing left vs. right ear stimulation and by conducting a source analysis of the resulting evoked potentials of short and long latency. Ten healthy, right-handed subjects were recruited and evoked potentials were recorded to both left- and right-ear sound stimulation, above and below vestibular threshold. Below VEMP threshold, typical AEPs were recorded, consisting of mid-latency (MLR) waves Na and Pa followed by long latency AEPs (LAEPs) N1 and P2. In the supra-threshold condition, the expected changes in morphology were observed, consisting of: (1) short-latency vestibular evoked potentials (VsEPs) which have no auditory correlate, i.e. the ocular VEMP (OVEMP) and inion response related potentials; (2) a later deflection, labelled N42/P52, followed by the LAEPs N1 and P2. Statistical analysis of the vestibular dependent responses indicated a contralateral effect for inion related short-latency responses and a left-ear/right-hemisphere advantage for the long-latency responses. Source analysis indicated that the short-latency effects may be mediated by a contralateral projection to left cerebellum, while the long-latency effects were mediated by a contralateral projection to right cingulate cortex. In addition we found evidence of a possible vestibular contribution to the auditory T-complex in radial temporal lobe sources. These last results raise the possibility that acoustic activation of the otolith organs could potentially contribute to auditory processing., Highlights • AEPs recorded below and above VEMP threshold for left vs. right ear stimulation. • Above VEMP threshold expected short- and long-latency VsEPs observed. • Short-latency VsEPs at 10 ms in infra-ocular and posterior leads. • Longer-latency VsEPs characterised by N42/P52 in central leads, followed by N1. • Source analysis indicates recruitment of cingulate vestibular cortex.

In the attempt to harmonize clinical practices between different French transplantation centers, the French Society of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cell Therapy (SFGM-TC) set up the third annual series of workshops which brought together practitioners from all member centers and took place in October 2012 in Lille. Here the SFGM-TC addressed the issue of post-transplant CMV and EBV reactivation, and EBV-related Lymphoproliferative Disorders.

The study of the ignition of a combustible mixture induced by means of an unsteady gas jet, at an initial temperature ranging from 700 to 3000 K, requires the construction of an original test facility which consists of a shock tube connected to a combustion chamber via an injector. With this new experimental setup, the ignition conditions of hydrogen-air ( + carbondioxide) mixtures, induced by a hot hydrogen-argon mixture, have been extensively studied, resulting in the determination of the ignition limits of these combustible mixtures, at an initial pressure and temperature of 100 kPa and 403 K respectively.

Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia accounts for approximately 3-10% of acute myeloid leukemia in children. Its diagnosis may be difficult because of associated myelofibrosis. We report the case of a 7-month-old child who presented hepatomegaly with bicytopenia. She also developed bone and joint pain with recurrent aseptic arthritis. We suggested the diagnosis of megakaryoblastic leukemia early but multiple bone marrow investigations had been processed without positive results because of sampling problems and lack of abnormal cells in the morphological, phenotypic, and cytogenetic examinations. We had a variety of indirect evidence for our assumption: the x-ray showing periosteal new bone, lytic lesions and metaphyseal bands, bone marrow aspirate smears with micromegakaryocytes, and bone marrow biopsy suggesting myelofibrosis. This was very suggestive of leukemia but we could not prove it and we finally found megakaryoblasts on bone marrow aspirate smears after more than 2 months of investigation and initiated a course of corticosteroids.

International audience; The aim of the present work is to identify and characterize the type of combustion of hydrogen-air mixtures near the flammability limits for different initial temperatures (from 298 to 423 K) and pressures (100 and 250 kPa) relevant to pressurized water reactor conditions. This experimental study has been carried out using a spherical vessel equipped with a pressure transducer to monitor the pressure increase subsequent to the combustion and with two optical windows to record the flame propagation. From the schlieren images, different regimes of flame propagation have been identified depending on the temperature and pressure. The maximum pressure obtained experimentally has been compared to the theoretical maximum pressure for adiabatic combustion at constant volume. The flammability limits have been determined for different temperatures and pressures and are compared to the literature.

Because of a wide number of applications, the potential hazards of H2-CH4-air mixtures have to be characterised. For hazard evaluation, an important element is a reliable detailed kinetic scheme. In the present study, three modern kinetic models, those of Konnov, of Dagaut and the GRI-mech 03, have been evaluated with respect to a large set of experimental data, including species profiles obtained in jet-stirred reactor, laminar flame speed, ignition delay time and detonation cell size, for hydrogen-methane-air mixtures. For jet-stirred reactor data, the model of Dagaut provides significantly better results. For flame speed data modeling, the three models are as reliable. For ignition delay times, the model of Dagaut seems the most reliable. For detonation cell size predictions, the model of Konnov is the best. Important chemical reactions are underlined through sensitivity and reaction pathway analysis and are discussed in the frame of rate constant values recommended by Baulch et al.

An original facility has been built, which consists of a shock tube connected to a combustion chambervia an injector, in order to analyze the ignition of a combustible mixture by a subsonic hot gas jet. Using this technique, it is shown that the stagnation temperature, just prior to ejection, of an H2−Ar mixture heated behind a reflected shock wave between 750 and 3000 K is the main parameter for igniting H2-air-diluent (CO2 or H2O) mixtures. The minimum stagnation temperature to ignite an H2-air mixture is approximately equal to the self-ignition temperature of this mixture. If CO2 or H2O is added to the combustible mixture, the minimum stagnation temperature must be increased. Beyond the critical diluent concentration, the mixture cannot be ignited whatever the initial jet temperature is. The temperature corresponding to the critical composition is called the minimum critical temperature. Under these conditions, the ignition limits by a hot jet constituted of a shock-heated H2−Ar mixture have been determined for H2-air-CO2 and H2-air-H2O mixtures. The conditions for which ignition is no longer observed for an H2-air-H2O mixture are the following: equivalence ratio φ=0.55, initial temperature and pressure, respectively, of 403 K and 100 kPa, and mol% H2O=48. The ignition limits are compared with the classical flammability limits. The influence of the composition of the hot gas jet on the ignition limits of H2-air-H2O mixtures has been analyzed and discussed. The present results provide a new assessment, particularly important for nuclear reactor safety.

The association of lymphoma and autoimmune manifestations has been predominantly studied in adults affected by non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Few publications exist in the literature concerning Hodgkin lymphoma, particularly in children and adolescents. The objectives of this study were to define the characteristics of the link between Hodgkin disease and autoimmunity in childhood. The present 25-year retrospective study was conducted in all centers affiliated with the French Society of Paediatric Oncology (SFCE). Eleven children with Hodgkin disease presented manifestations of disimmunity preceding or following their diagnosis. Four patients had thrombocytopenic purpura, the remaining 7 each had a different autoimmune pathology: lupus syndrome, antiphospholipid syndrome with transient ischemic attack, Evans syndrome, leukocytoclastic vasculitis, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, autoimmune thyroiditis, and juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Lymphoma relapse occurred in 3 patients. Two children died, death being directly attributed to the autoimmune disease in 1 case. Our data suggest that development of autoimmunity is related to significant morbidity. Possible pathophysiological mechanisms include lymphocyte proliferation secondary to chronic inflammation, cell-mediated immune deficiency in Hodgkin disease, molecular mimetics, and antineoplastic phenomena are discussed. A study with a larger patient population is needed to identify the group of children at high risk of autoimmunity for whom additional investigations and modified therapy may be indicated.

In March 2007 the assembly of the Silicon Strip Tracker was completed at the Tracker Integration Facility at CERN. Nearly 15% of the detector was instrumented using cables, fiber optics, power supplies, and electronics intended for the operation at the LHC. A local chiller was used to circulate the coolant for low temperature operation. In order to understand the efficiency and alignment of the strip tracker modules, a cosmic ray trigger was implemented. From March through July 4.5 million triggers were recorded. This period, referred to as the Sector Test, provided practical experience with the operation of the Tracker, especially safety, data acquisition, power, and cooling systems. This paper describes the performance of the strip system during the Sector Test, which consisted of five distinct periods defined by the coolant temperature. Significant emphasis is placed on comparisons between the data and results from Monte Carlo studies., Comment: 40 pages, 39 figures