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1. Long COVID and cardiovascular disease: a prospective cohort study

Author: Amitava Banerjee, Jennifer Kathleen Quint, Linzy Houchen-Wolloff, S Thomas, Kamlesh Khunti, Naveed Sattar, J Breeze, Michael Marks, S Johnson, D Smith, C Wright, Colin Berry, Matthew Richardson, Ling-Pei Ho, C Tong, Amisha Singapuri, J Chen, Gerry P McCann, J Cole, X Li, J Greenwood, S Plein, A Brown, J Smith, J Brown, M Brown, J Lewis, A Young, Nicholas L Mills, A Banerjee, R Hughes, C King, L Osborne, S Jones, A Wilson, R Francis, Stefan Neubauer, D Wilkinson, P Marino, N Hart, G Kaltsakas, Alastair James Moss, Betty Raman, John Greenwood, F Khan, J Martin, S Smith, A Casey, A Sheikh, P Carter, T Thompson, B Patel, N Rahman, C Coleman, N Smith, B Williams, K Turner, D Lee, S Barratt, J Williams, L Jones, A Smith, A Gupta, R Reddy, S White, N Williams, A Michael, V Turner, H Evans, L Hall, C Lawson, J Hughes, H Gordon, C Dawson, A Ford, J Simpson, C Bloomfield, E Lee, A Taylor, D Anderson, J Clarke, S Turner, K Shaw, P Shah, S Misra, J Evans, H Jones, M Ali, A Arias, C Dupont, A Harvey, J Wormleighton, A Reed, L Pearce, P Harrison, M Marks, K Shah, J Cooper, C Berry, C David, J Parmar, R Ahmed, P Almeida, M Holland, L Lim, J Mitchell, K Bennett, S Walker, S Ahmad, M Begum, B Young, L Wright, M Holmes, N Sattar, D Clark, Ewen Harrison, M Sharma, J Teixeira, S Patel, D Thomas, I B McInnes, Nazir I Lone, D Grieve, D Griffin, S Siddiqui, E Turner, K McGlynn, C Mills, N Mohamed, A Hosseini, S Knight, K Samuel, L Smith, Chris Brightling, B Guillen-Guio, A Dewar, C Bourne, SJ Singh, RA Evans, I Vogiatzis, D Parekh, S Mandal, H Adamali, M Heightman, P Rivera-Ortega, S Stanel, N Chaudhuri, Y Cheng, L Bishop, F Gleeson, S Janes, D Baldwin, D Arnold, N Maskell, T Nicholson, L Howard, M Toshner, M Steiner, A Price, D Price, M Lipman, A Shaw, J Busby, M Patel, L McGarvey, R Evans, S West, N Petousi, D Thickett, T Gorsuch, J Fuld, P Cullinan, L Houchen-Wolloff, R Free, E Daynes, A De Soyza, E Harris, H Parfrey, F Woodhead, L Watson, K Jiwa, G Davies, G Jones, J Hurst, M Spears, J Finch, A Dipper, C Echevarria, G Jenkins, I Stewart, E Sapey, N Talbot, B Gooptu, M Richardson, P Greenhaff, K Roy, S Holden, R Russell, M Gibbons, A Morley, J Porter, R Djukanovic, V Lewis, T Shaw, Jayanth Ranjit Arnold, K Elliott, S Young, A David, C Armour, S Edwards, H Henson, P Atkin, A Daniels, L Zeidan, M Broome, M Gill, A Broadley, L Matthews, H Redfearn, S Kelly, C Thomas, D Evans, Z Omar, E Perkins, Annemarie B Docherty, J George, S Wessely, R Upthegrove, L Lavelle-Langham, D Bell, James Chalmers, Alun D Hughes, Victoria Harris, B Cooper, S Byrne, P Moss, C Singh, S Painter, A McMahon, M Ainsworth, K Scott, G Mills, C Carr, D Jones, D Faluyi, S Kerr, A Richards, S Parker, P Dark, T Jackson, L Carr, C Taylor, E Watson, C Vickers, L Armstrong, B Hairsine, L Allsop, L Stephenson, E Beranova, M Bates, C McGhee, M Harvey, A Cook, S Dunn, I Wynter, H Tench, R Loosley, J Featherstone, L Bailey, D Wilson, N Gautam, A Burns, Neil J Greening, B Card, N Powell, T Craig, L Daines, CM Nolan, RE Barker, JA Walsh, O Polgar, S Diver, J Quint, A Dunleavy, C Avram, C Francis, R Aul, J Rossdale, G Burns, H Tedd, T Felton, L Morrison, C Xie, D Menzies, A Haggar, S Marciniak, S Francis, T Dong, H Jarvis, S Brill, A Martineau, F Liew, P Haldar, C Price, A Butt, T Kabir, N Armstrong, P Beirne, E Cox, W Storrar, P Beckett, W Ibrahim, S Cooper, D Lewis, E Robinson, L Allan, C Antoniades, J T Scott, K Radhakrishnan, N Bishop, J Taylor, J Kirk, C Heeley, M Hewitt, J Watson, J Hutchinson, L Finnigan, D Lomas, S Macdonald, H Chinoy, A Ross, A Mohamed, M Soares, C Oliver, A Lucey, N Simpson, N Basu, S Logan, M J Davies, P C Calder, L Griffiths, K Davies, J McNeill, X Fu, P Cairns, F Davies, M Xu, J Quigley, A Ramos, R Stone, K Roberts, A Prabhu, L Robinson, C Wood, M Baldwin, S Wright, M G Jones, K Saunders, C O’Brien, N Rogers, S Heller, K Chapman, C O'Brien, J M Wild, A L Tan, J McCormick, C Childs, C Coupland, M Buch, J Dennis, G Baxter, H Welch, A D Hughes, M J McMahon, A Howell, J Kwan, A Rowland, A Ashworth, S Walsh, J Owen, I Jones, E McIvor, D Connell, R Thwaites, A McGovern, J Petrie, G Arbane, R Butcher, C Brookes, K Khunti, T Yates, P Chowienczyk, M Witham, M Stern, M Marshall, S Payne, L S Howard, J Woods, A Hormis, C Johnson, J Jacob, P McArdle, T Chalder, K Holmes, M Sharpe, D Stensel, T Peto, F Chan, H Ramos, C E Bolton, J-H Lee, P Mehta, M Ashworth, M Dalton, A Lloyd, L Austin, C Sampson, S Palmer, P Klenerman, K Howard, I Rudan, A McQueen, K Fallon, Catherine Bagot, M Webster, E Davies, S Jose, A McArdle, D Johnston, H Fisher, C Lynch, T Hardy, S Mohammed, V C Harris, B Elliott, G Coakley, J Stockley, S Barrett, E Guthrie, Y Peng, M Ventura, N Selby, A Briggs, G Stephens, E Richardson, K Bhui, J McIntosh, K Lewis, N French, H Qureshi, M Henderson, A Elliott, N I Lone, C Clark, K Ismail, C Summers, S Fletcher, J Rowland, M Hotopf, A Korszun, S Shashaa, H Gregory, P Daly, E Robertson, J S Brown, A Bates, P Saunders, B Marshall, A Cross, A Donaldson, B Zhao, H Lamlum, I Wilson, P Buckley, J Dawson, S Glover, C Christie, B Connolly, M Parkes, L Holloway, B King, F Speranza, M Haynes, T Rees, I Cruz, T McNally, G Ross, G Carson, M Dixon, H Arnold, P M George, K Harrington, M Rees, R Morriss, C Dickens, C Laing, E Hardy, L P Ho, P Chowdhury, M Roy, J Glossop, J Pratt, R A Evans, P Wade, Rachael Evans, S Defres, J Short, S Neubauer, R Batterham, E Wall, T Newman, G J Kemp, J R Geddes, E Russell, C Langenberg, N A Hanley, R Samuel, S Haq, D Trivedi, J Willoughby, E Stringer, S Marsh, K Bramham, L Lightstone, A Hancock, S Shelton, J P Greenwood, N Brunskill, K Munro, T Soulsby, U Nanda, A Ashish, K Liyanage, L Holt, E R Chilvers, D E Newby, L Ingram, A Bolger, J Tomlinson, C Ballard, A Humphries, V Brown, C Sharpe, D Forton, P Kar, R Gregory, D Redwood, R Steeds, K Mangion, A Chiribiri, L Ratcliffe, G P McCann, K M Channon, A M Shah, N L Mills, A Lawrie, A Greenhalgh, K O’Donnell, T Evans, K Drury, D Sutherland, A A R Thompson, J K Baillie, K Hancock, M Hoare, J Valabhji, V Shaw, K SLACK, N M Rahman, C J Jolley, S J SINGH, J D Chalmers, C E Brightling, L G Heaney, D F McAuley, D Peckham, R C Chambers, R G Jenkins, P J M Openshaw, P Neill, H Wheeler, A Moss, C Overton, D Altmann, Alex Horsley, J Blaikley, M Ostermann, L G Spencer, A Horsley, A Singapuri, B Hargadon, K E Lewis, I Jarrold, A Shikotra, S Terry, S S Kon, M Pareek, G Choudhury, W Monteiro, M Bourne, D Nicoll, A Morrow, L Roche, D G Wootton, E K Sage, N J Greening, J Hazeldine, J M Lord, A Zawia, WDC Man, D C Thomas, H Baxendale, J Rodger, D Saralaya, T Hussell, A Lea, M McNarry, B Al-Sheklly, S Thackray-Nocera, T Thornton, J Skeemer, S Greenwood, E Fraser, L Stadon, N Kanellakis, N Magee, S Kon, A Hayday, A J Moss, A Yousuf, N Lewis-Burke, S Finney, T Hillman, H McShane, C Pennington, L Gardiner, R Dharmagunawardena, G MacGowan, L Fabbri, C Subbe, L Burden, P Jezzard, N Samani, C Manisty, P Novotny, D J Cuthbertson, G A Davies, M G Semple, J Murira, W Greenhalf, A Hoare, Louise V Wain, L V Wain, I Hall, G Willis, O Adeyemi, H McGuinness, F Thaivalappil, M Babores, B Michael, D Burn, B Zheng, M Husain, J Hawkes, N Goodman, L Broad, L Turtle, R Gill, J Haworth, J Cavanagh, S Piechnik, C A Miller, S Whittaker, C Ribeiro, R Touyz, P L Molyneaux, J C Porter, R Solly, A Dougherty, E Bullmore, A Sayer, C Kurasz, S Walmsley, D Southern, K Brindle, T Wallis, L O’Brien, S Madathil, A Wight, B Jayaraman, M Flynn, A Checkley, M Plowright, E Major, K Isaacs, M Pavlides, W Schwaeble, E M Harrison, A Ayoub, N Stroud, E Lukaschuk, D P O'Regan, E Wade, V M Ferreira, R I Evans, S Siddique, A Lingford-Hughes, C Nicolaou, B Deakin, H Dobson, A Layton, C Atkin, R Flockton, I Peralta, T Brugha, C Pariante, C Welch, A Frankel, M Tobin, S Fairbairn, A Rowe, A K Thomas, R Sykes, F Barrett, H Atkins, C Norman, L Milner, K Abel, P Crisp, C Nolan, J Mackie, Marco Sereno, Krisnah Poinasamy, S Gurram, G Saalmink, H Bayes, H Aung, P Pfeffer, H Nassa, W McCormick, Claire Alexandra Lawson, R J Allen, Omer Elneima, J Hockridge, B Raman, A Fairman, H Turton, N Majeed, J Bonnington, M Bakali, M Shankar-Hari, L Holdsworth, A Buttress, R Sabit, A Rostron, K Piper Hanley, Olivia C Leavy, Aarti Shikotra, D Wraith, J P Taylor, A Alamoudi, O Elneima, E Denneny, L Saunders, J Earley, M Ralser, O Kon, D Basire, G Simons, Hamish JC McAuley, Ruth Saunders, K Poinasamy, R Dowling, C Edwardson, L Houchen--Wolloff, O C Leavy, H J C McAuley, T Plekhanova, R M Saunders, M Sereno, Y Ellis, H E Hardwick, W Reynolds, B Venson, A B Docherty, D Lozano-Rojas, K Ntotsis, R Pius, M Halling-Brown, S Aslani, M Beggs, M P Cassar, C McCracken, R Menke, T E Nichols, C Nikolaidou, G Ogbole, B Rangelov, D P O’Regan, A Pakzad, I Propescu, A A Samat, Z B Sanders, T Treibel, E M Tunnicliffe, J Weir McCall, I Koychev, J Pearl, D Adeloye, D Baguley, G Breen, K Breeze, F Callard, N Huneke, P Kitterick, P Mansoori, H McAllister-Williams, K McIvor, L Milligan, E Mukaetova-Ladinska, A Nevado-Holgado, S Paddick, J Pimm, S Amoils, A Bularga, A N Sattar, C L Sudlow, C M Efstathiou, J L Heeney, S L Rowland-Jones, R S Thwaites, M J Rowland, E Hufton, J E Pearl, L C Saunders, S Bain, Man W D-C, E Baldry, M Beadsworth, M Harvie, J Sargent Pimm, L Sigfrid, J Whitney, S McAdoo, K McCafferty, M Willicombe, J Bunker, C Hastie, R Nathu, L Shenton, A Dell, N Hawkings, G Mallison, A Storrie, K Chong-James, W Y James, O Zongo, A Sanderson, S Drain, D McAulay, J McGinness, R Manley, W Saxon, V Whitehead, H El-Taweel, L Brear, K Regan, K Storton, A Bermperi, K Dempsey, A Elmer, J Worsley, L Knibbs, K Paradowski, C Evenden, T Thomas-Woods, J Bradley-Potts, N Keenan, H Wassall, H Weston, T Cosier, J Deery, T Hazelton, S Turney, S Pugmire, W Stoker, LA Aguilar Jimenez, S Betts, K Bisnauthsing, H Kerslake, MM Magtoto, LM Martinez, TS Solano, E Wynn, M Alvarez Corral, E Bevan, C Wrey Brown, T Burdett, N Easom, M G Crooks, D L Sykes, S Coetzee, J Phipps, R Wolf-Roberts, S Anifowose, E Calvelo, D Copeland, L Evison, T Fayzan, K March, M Mariveles, L McLeavey, S Moriera, U Munawar, J Nunag, U Nwanguma, L Orriss- Dib, J Schronce, L Tarusan, N Yasmin, A-M Guerdette, K Warwick, R Adrego, H Assefa-Kebede, P Dulawan, A Knighton, M Malim, S Patale, K Shevket, A Te, C Favager, J Rangeley, B Whittam, N Window, L Allerton, AM All, A Berridge, S L Dobson, K Hainey, V Highett, S Kaprowska, AL Key, S Koprowska, G Madzamba, F Malein, C Mears, L Melling, M J Noonan, L Poll, K A Tripp, B Vinson, L O Wajero, S A Williams-Howard, J Wyles, S N Diwanji, P Papineni, S Quaid, G F Tiongson, P Barran, J Blaikely, N Choudhury, Z Kausar, N Odell, R Osbourne, S Stockdale, P Hogarth, L Gilmour, R Hamil, K Leitch, L Macliver, B Welsh, S Clohisey, A Deans, J Furniss, C Deas, A R Solstice, C J Tee, S Waterson, T Light, M Chrystal, W Jang, S Linford, R Needham, A Nikolaidis, S Prosper, A Bloss, M Cassar, F Conneh, M Havinden-Williams, P Kurupati, C Megson, K Motohashi, G Ogg, E Pacpaco, J Propescu, E Tunnicliffe, D Cristiano, N Dormand, M Gummadi, D Matila, O Olaosebikan, L Garner, J Pack, K Paques, NDiar Bakerly, D Holgate, N Mairs, L McMorrow, J Oxton, J Pendlebury, C Summersgill, R Ugwuoke, W Matimba-Mupaya, S Strong-Sheldrake, J Bagshaw, K Birchall, H Carborn, L Chetham, Z Coburn, J Finnigan, H Foot, D Foote, L Haslam, L Hesselden, A Holbourn, B Holroyd- Hind, E Hurditch, F Ilyas, C Jarman, R Lenagh, A Lye, I Macharia, A Mbuyisa, S Megson, J Meiring, H Newell, L Nwafor, D Pattenadk, P Ravencroft, C Roddis, J Sidebottom, N Steele, R Stimpson, B Thamu, N Tinker, N Msimanga, M Mencias, T Samakomva, V Tavoukjian, C Goodwin, M Greatorex, W Lovegrove, TA Sewell, D Sissons, D Sowter, V Whitworth, L Warburton, T Wainwright, J Tilley, L Connor, M Coulding, S Kilroy, H Savill, J Vere, E Fraile, J Ugoji, H Lota, G Landers, M Nasseri, S Portukhay, J Ingham, M Chablani, N Ahwireng, B Bang, R Jastrub, M Merida Morillas, H Plant, N Ahmad Haider, R Baggott, A Botkai, J Dasgin, K Draxlbauer, T Hiwot, V Kamwa, K Mcgee, A Neal, A Newton Cox, J Nyaboko, Z Peterkin, Z Suleiman, S Walder, S Yasmin, K P Yip, M Aljaroof, M Bakau, M Bingham, A Charalambou, B Gootpu, K Hadley, P McCourt, A Prickett, I N Qureshi, T J C Ward, E Marouzet, T Sass, E Bright, A Reddington, L Barman, Z Guy, and D Ionita
Subjects: Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract: Background Pre-existing cardiovascular disease (CVD) or cardiovascular risk factors have been associated with an increased risk of complications following hospitalisation with COVID-19, but their impact on the rate of recovery following discharge is not known.Objectives To determine whether the rate of patient-perceived recovery following hospitalisation with COVID-19 was affected by the presence of CVD or cardiovascular risk factors.Methods In a multicentre prospective cohort study, patients were recruited following discharge from the hospital with COVID-19 undertaking two comprehensive assessments at 5 months and 12 months. Patients were stratified by the presence of either CVD or cardiovascular risk factors prior to hospitalisation with COVID-19 and compared with controls with neither. Full recovery was determined by the response to a patient-perceived evaluation of full recovery from COVID-19 in the context of physical, physiological and cognitive determinants of health.Results From a total population of 2545 patients (38.8% women), 472 (18.5%) and 1355 (53.2%) had CVD or cardiovascular risk factors, respectively. Compared with controls (n=718), patients with CVD and cardiovascular risk factors were older and more likely to have had severe COVID-19. Full recovery was significantly lower at 12 months in patients with CVD (adjusted OR (aOR) 0.62, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.89) and cardiovascular risk factors (aOR 0.66, 95% CI 0.50 to 0.86).Conclusion Patients with CVD or cardiovascular risk factors had a delayed recovery at 12 months following hospitalisation with COVID-19. Targeted interventions to reduce the impact of COVID-19 in patients with cardiovascular disease remain an unmet need.Trail registration number ISRCTN10980107.
Published: 2024
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2. Importance of stent-graft design for aortic arch aneurysm repair

Author: C Singh, X Wang, Y Morsi, and CS Wong
Subjects: aortic aneurysm, stent-graft, hemodynamics, compliance, spinal cord ischemia, Chemical engineering, TP155-156, Biotechnology, TP248.13-248.65, Medical technology, R855-855.5
Abstract: Aneurysm of the aorta is currently treated by open surgical repair or endovascular repair. However, when the aneurysm occurs in regions between the aortic arch and proximal descending aorta, it can be a complex pathology to treat due to its intricate geometry. When complex aortic aneurysms are treated with the conventional procedures, some of the patients present with significant post-operative complications and high mortality rate. Consequently, a clinically driven hybrid innovation known as the frozen elephant trunk procedure was introduced to treat complex aortic aneurysms. Although this procedure significantly reduces mortality rate and operating time, it is still associated with complications such as endoleaks, spinal cord ischemia, renal failure and stroke. Some of these complications are consequences of a mismatch in the biomechanical behaviour of the stent-graft device and the aorta. Research on complex aneurysm repair tended to focus more on the surgical procedure than the stent-graft design. Current stent-graft devices are suitable for straight vessels. However, when used to treat aortic aneurysm with complex geometry, these devices are ineffective in restoring the normal biological and biomechanical function of the aorta. A stent-graft device with mechanical properties that are comparable with the aorta and aortic arch could possibly lead to fewer post-operative complications, thus, better outcome for patients with complex aneurysm conditions. This review highlights the influence stent-graft design has on the biomechanical properties of the aorta which in turn can contribute to complications of complex aneurysm repair. Design attributes critical for minimising postoperative biomechanical mismatch are also discussed.
Published: 2017
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3. Comparative efficacy of passive and mechanical fan-pad cooling system for microclimate modification and welfare in broiler production

Author: S S CHIB, A SHARMA, Y SINGH, A P S SETHI, A L SAINI, and C SINGH
Subjects: Broiler welfare, Heat stress, Mechanical cooling, Microclimate modification, Passive cooling, Animal culture, SF1-1100
Abstract: Efficacy of passive cooling vis-à-vis mechanical fan-pad cooling system was assessed for microclimate modification to alleviate heat stress and improving growth performance and welfare of broilers. Cooling treatments comprised of Tc (control without any cooling system), TJSC passive cooling (jute sheet roof shading and curtains with gravity flow sprinklers), TGSC passive cooling (green sheet roof shadings and curtains with gravity flow sprinklers) and TFP (fan pad mechanical cooling systems). The results of shed microclimate indicated that maximum ambient temperature, temperature humidity index (THI) and duration and level of heat stress in control were significantly higher than passive (TJSC and TGSC) and mechanical (TFP) cooling group. Growth performance and feed efficiency, in both passive (TJSC and TGSC) and mechanical cooling (TFP) were significantly better than control. However, growth performance and feed efficiency of chicks was significantly higher in TFP than chicks in passive (TJSC and TGSC) cooling groups. In passive cooling systems (TJSC and TGSC), the plasma catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and BUN were significantly lower than control (Tc) but significantly higher than mechanical cooling (TFP) system. The stress related behavioural activities, panting, preening, scratching and wing flapping were significantly higher in control as than in cooling system. It was concluded that passive cooling system can be an environment friendly and energy independent alternate to intensive mechanical cooling system to reduce heat stress and improve growth and welfare in broiler production.
Published: 2016
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4. Effect of molybdenum induced hypocuprosis on copper and molybdenum levels of plasma, hair and liver in buffalo calves

Author: C SINGH, S S RANDHAWA, and SWARAN SINGH
Subjects: Buffalo, Copper, Hair, Liver biopsy, Molybdenum, Animal culture, SF1-1100
Abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the clinical effects, changes in concentrations of Cu and Mo in plasma, hair, liver and red cell parameters of buffalo calves fed on high Mo diet. Male buffalo calves (12), 1–1.5 year-old were assigned to either control (4) or deficient group (8) on the basis of their body weight. Control group was regularly supplemented with 30 mg of elemental copper and calves of deficient group were fed fresh green fodder sprayed with 0.04% sodium molybdate solution to provide 30 ppm of molybdenum for 180 days. Samples of blood, hair, and liver tissue were collected at regular intervals. Hemoglobin and PCV were determined in whole blood. Concentrations of copper and molybdenum were measured in plasma, hair and liver tissue. Fodder samples were analysed for proximate principles, cell wall constituents, Ca, P, Mg, Cu, Mo and Zn. Salient clinical signs were intermittent diarrhea, varying degree of skin and hair depigmentation. Bilateral swelling of hock joints and transitory lameness occured in one calf each. Daily weight gain was lower in molybdenum fed calves as compared to control however, the weight loss occurred only during 45–135 days. Plasma copper was unaffected. Copper concentration of hair and liver declined in 180 days. There was no change in plasma molybdenum concentration. Hair molybdenum content increased after 180 days of molybdenum feeding. Liver molybdenum concentration was significantly high throughout the experiment as compared to control group. Haemoglobin and PCV were not affected by excess molybdenum feeding. Hair copper concentration of 6 ppm or below may be taken as indicator of molybdenum induced copper deficiency in buffaloes.
Published: 2016
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5. The Doubting Apostle 'Didymus' – Saint Thomas: theological, psychological and historical perspectives

Author: A Grobler, A Nicolaides, and C Singh
Subjects: faith, resurrection, doubt, truth, Religion (General), BL1-50, Religions of the world, BL74-99
Abstract: Very little information is documented on Saint Thomas the Apostle, however the Gospel according to Saint John gives us a very good indication of his character. Saint Thomas was absent when Jesus appeared amongst his disciples the first time after His resurrection in the Upper Room. He would not accept as true, the numerous eye-witness reports concerning the risen Christ and stated that: "Unless I see the mark of the nails in his hands, and put my finger in the mark of the nails and my hand in his side, I will not believe" (John 20:25). He is thus termed ‘Doubting Thomas’, and his doubt was a distinct failure to believe in things he had not personally witnessed but that were attested to by others. Thomas’ primary significance thus arises from his position as a “doubter” and one lacking in requisite faith who found it necessary to have proof that Jesus had indeed risen from the dead. His doubt is important as it illustrates a profound denial of the Lord and a duplicity of the supremacy and indeed the very truth of what it means to possess proper faith. This paper argues that Thomas’ doubt (and his behaviour during the crucifixion of Jesus) has an internal disposition side, in other words his personality traits and cognition, as well as the external environment (the situation, including the abnormality of it, the nature of the communication and the group [the disciples]). The latter is often left out in the criticism of Thomas, resulting in him being portrayed as the symbol of the unfaithful and doubting individual. His behaviour could thus be evaluated in accordance with the attribution theory. Thomas clearly affirms the depth of his belief in his missionary activities, in especially India.
Published: 2015

6. Implantation Metastasis in a 13-Year-Old Girl: A Case Report

Author: C Singh, S Ibrahim, KS Pang, and S Shanti
Subjects: Orthopedic surgery, RD701-811
Abstract: We report a case of a 13-year-old girl with an osteosarcoma of the right humerus, which had been diagnosed as an aneurysmal bone cyst at our institution. She underwent curettage and bone grafting of the lesion, which resulted in implantation metastasis of the tumour to the ilium. She died 15 months after presentation owing to pulmonary metastases. This report highlights the possibility of metastasis occurring by direct implantation to a graft donor site. We strongly recommend that a biopsy be performed in cases of presumed benign lesions before proceeding with the definitive surgery.
Published: 2003
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7. Integrating an Assistive Soft Robotic Glove with an Immersive Virtual Reality Hand Rehabilitation Game.

Author: Alexandra R. Jamieson, Inderjeet Singh, Dung V. Nguyen, Kajal C. Waghmare, Biraj G. C. Singh, Yixin Gu, and Muthu B. J. Wijesundara
Published: 2023
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8. APPLICATION OF UAV SWARM SEMI-AUTONOMOUS SYSTEM FOR THE LINEAR PHOTOGRAMMETRIC SURVEY

Author: C. Singh, V. Mishra, H. Harshit, K. Jain, and M. Mokros
Subjects: Technology, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Applied optics. Photonics, TA1501-1820
Abstract: Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are used as stand-alone systems for a variety of purposes from agriculture, and environmental monitoring through architecture, and construction to humanitarian missions. The advantage of UAV is high spatial and temporal resolution but on the other hand, the disadvantage is the small area of cover and time demanding data collection. As a result of technological advancements, the complexity of systems to unprecedented levels these disadvantages can be solved by UAV Swarm systems. A UAV Swarm system is defined as the utilization of more than one UAV that are cooperating together in a semi-autonomous or autonomous manner to achieve a common goal. There are numerous factors in play while designing a system as advanced as a UAV Swarm. In our experiment, we focused on the semi-autonomous concept of creating and deploying a UAV Swarm with three Small UAVs in master-slave architecture for high-resolution fine-scale mapping. We demonstrate the implementation of collective behaviour of UAV swarm for river bed mapping that considers all on-board systems, including high resolution georeferenced aerial photography and navigation using high accuracy GPS. The testing field for this study was a 13.3 ha linear area of Solani River in the Haridwar district of the state of Uttarakhand, India. Images were captured by all three UAVs (one leader and two followers) and 5 ground control points (GCP) were used for geo-referencing. Aerial Triangulation and Bundle Block adjustment were processed by photogrammetric software Pix4DMapper. This UAV swarm mapping concept generates standard accurate geospatial results of 1.24 cm GSD and RMS Error 0.023 meter. Assessing the proposed system's efficiency and accuracy after such processes are taken into account reduces the time and cost manifolds of the UAV surveying.
Published: 2022
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9. MONITORING OF ARTIFICIAL RESERVOIR INDUCED LANDSLIDES FROM SPACE: A CASE STUDY OF FROM INDIA

Author: V. Mishra, C. Singh, and K. Jain
Subjects: Technology, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Applied optics. Photonics, TA1501-1820
Abstract: Monitoring Reservoir-induced landslides is critical for determining and mitigating the geo-environmental risks associated with the artificial reservoir. This paper employs Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI) technique for the mapping and monitoring of Reservoir Induced Landslides in the rim area of Baglihar Dam Reservoir on Chenab river (Jammu and Kashmir, India) along National Highway NH-244. It has been evident that the slope movements are necessarily impacted by the reservoir drawdown effect (RDE) as well as the rainfall. We have utilised 46 Sentinel-1A C-band radar satellite imagery of the study area. The monitoring results have yielded the Line of Sight slope movement along the reservoir rim varies from −97 mm/year to +80 mm/year. The temporal correlation between the displacements and the local precipitation (derived from TRMM using Google Earth Engine) was qualitatively analysed. Two unstable slopes have been identified and monitored.
Published: 2022
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10. Collaborative Practices between School Psychologists and ELL Teams to Support Students with a Suspected Disability: A Case Study before and beyond COVID-19

Author: Meghan C. Singh
Abstract: This case study investigated the sensemaking strategies of school psychologists in their relationships with building based English Language Learner (ELL) teams. Through a review of literature, it was established that disproportional representation of ELLs is common, and can be ameliorated in part by comprehensive Response to Intervention (RtI) protocols and staff training. The researcher interviewed seven school psychologists in an urban, New England, school district, and found five themes in their sensemaking process. The researcher identified issues related to assessment and intervention, relationships with administrators, collaboration with teams, identity formation, and COVID-19 responses. Then, the researcher discussed ramifications for practice within this district and possible applications to other settings. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]
Published: 2020

11. The Alternate Education for the 21st Century.

Author: Roy Saurabh, Nandini C. Singh, and Anantha K. Duraiappah
Published: 2019
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12. Soil and soil breathing remote monitoring: A short review

Author: S. V. Nahirniak, T. A. Dontsova, A. V. Lapinsky, M. V. Tereshkov, and R. C. Singh
Subjects: remote monitoring, fertility indicators, soil air composition, sensors, e-nose., Science
Abstract: The efficiency of agricultural use of soils depends directly on their quality indicators, which include an extended set of characteristics: from data of the environmental situation to the component composition of the soil air. Therefore, for a more complete survey of agricultural land in order to determine their qualitative indicators and subsequent application, it is necessary to carry out comprehensive monitoring while simultaneously studying the characteristics of soils and their air composition. The article is devoted to the literature analysis on the remote monitoring of soils and soil air. Particular attention was paid to the relationship between soil type and soil air composition and it was found that the soil air composition (in the combination with pH and humidity parameters) can assess the type, quality and environmental condition of soils. Since when developing a remote monitoring system of soil air soil moisture and soil structure significantly affect the processes occurring in soils, and ultimately the quantitative composition of soil air, it is very important to know the dependence of the soil air composition on the type and quality of the soil itself, the influence of moisture, structure and other parameters on it. It was shown that the use of sensors is a promising direction for the development of the soils and soil air remote monitoring. It was indicated that soil and soil air remote monitoring in real time will provide reliable, timely information on the environmental status of soils and their quality. Commercial sensors that can be used to determine CO2, O2, NOx, CH4, CO, H2 and NH3 were considered and the technique for sensor signal processing was chosen. A remote monitoring system with the use of existing commercial sensors was proposed, the movement of which can be realized with the help of quadcopter, which will allow parallel scanning of the soils and the land terrain. Such a system will make it possible to correctly assess the readiness of soils for planting, determine their intended use, correctly apply fertilizers, and even predict the yield of certain crops. Thereby, this approach will create a modern on-line system for full monitoring of soil, land and rapid response in the case of its change for the agro-industrial sector.
Published: 2020
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13. Phosphate solubilization by Trichoderma koningiopsis (NBRI-PR5) under abiotic stress conditions

Author: Ashmita Tandon, Touseef Fatima, Anshu, Deepali Shukla, Pratibha Tripathi, Suchi Srivastava, and Poonam C. Singh
Subjects: Science (General), Q1-390
Abstract: Phosphate (P) solubilizing fungi contribute considerably in microbial phosphate mobilization. However, effects of different abiotic stresses on P solubilization mechanisms in Trichoderma are largely unexplored. In the present study we selected a P solubilizing Trichoderma to study the mechanism of P solubilization under alkaline and drought conditions. Among 33 Trichoderma isolates (NBRI-PR1–NBRI-PR33), NBRI-PR5 was selected after screening for stress tolerance, antagonistic activity against phyto-pathogens and P solubilization. The selected strain, Trichoderma koningiopsis (NBRI-PR5) was characterized and identified using ITS and tef1 sequencing (Accession no. JN375992). Results show that NBRI-PR5 uses different mechanisms of P solubilization under in-vitro alkaline and drought conditions. NBRI-PR5 produced organic acids for solubilizing insoluble tri-calcium phosphate (TCP) at high pH stress. In drought conditions NBRI-PR5 accumulated poly-phosphate in its mycelia and produced alkaline phosphatase enzyme for P solubilization. The study concludes that T. koningiopsis employs different mechanisms of P solubilization in different stress conditions and therefore, it can be used in management of stressed soils. Keywords: Phosphate solubilization, Trichoderma koningiopsis, Drought stress, Alkaline stress
Published: 2020
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14. POPPIE: protocol for a randomised controlled pilot trial of continuity of midwifery care for women at increased risk of preterm birth

Author: C. Fernandez Turienzo, D. Bick, M. Bollard, L. Brigante, A. Briley, K. Coxon, P. Cross, A. Healey, M. Mehta, A. Melaugh, J. Moulla, P. T. Seed, A. H. Shennan, C. Singh, R. M. Tribe, and J. Sandall
Subjects: Preterm birth, Maternity care, Maternal health services, Models of care, Continuity of care, Hybrid type 2 implementation/effectiveness trial, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Abstract Background High rates of preterm births remain a UK public health concern. Preterm birth is a major determinant of adverse infant and longer-term outcomes, including survival, quality of life, psychosocial effects on the family and health care costs. We aim to test whether a model of care combining continuity of midwife care with rapid referral to a specialist obstetric clinic throughout pregnancy, intrapartum and the postpartum period is feasible and improves experience and outcomes for women at increased risk of preterm birth. Methods This pilot, hybrid, type 2 randomised controlled implementation trial will recruit 350 pregnant women at increased risk of preterm birth to a midwifery continuity of care intervention or standard care. The intervention will be provided from recruitment (antenatal), labour, birth and the postnatal period, in hospital and community settings and in collaboration with specialist obstetric clinic care, when required. Standard care will be the current maternity care provision by NHS midwives and obstetricians at the study site. Participants will be followed up until 6–8 weeks postpartum. The composite primary outcome is the appropriate initiation of any specified interventions related to the prevention and/or management of preterm labour and birth. Secondary outcomes are related to: recruitment and attrition rates; implementation; acceptability to women, health care professionals and stakeholders; health in pregnancy and other complications; intrapartum outcomes; maternal and neonatal postnatal outcomes; psycho-social health; quality of care; women’s experiences and health economic analysis. The trial has 80% power to detect a 15% increase in the rate of appropriate interventions (40 to 55%). The analysis will be by ‘intention to treat’ analysis. Discussion Little is known about the underlying reasons why and how models of midwifery continuity of care are associated with fewer preterm births, better maternal and infant outcomes and more positive experiences; nor how these models of care can be implemented successfully in the health services. This will be the first study to provide direct evidence regarding the effectiveness, implementation and evaluation of a midwifery continuity of care model and rapid access to specialist obstetric services for women at increased risk of preterm birth. Trial registration ISRCTN37733900. Retrospectively registered on 21 August 2017.
Published: 2019
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15. Perihepatic abscesses caused by dropped appendicoliths in a child

Author: Suprit C. Singh, BS, Fabiola Weber, MD, Arthur B. Meyers, MD, Cynthia Reyes, MD, and Monica Epelman, MD
Subjects: Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine, R895-920
Abstract: A dropped appendicolith is a well-known complication of laparoscopic appendectomy that may occur because of stone expulsion from the appendix, before or during surgery, and typically manifests as a focal, subcentimeter area of high attenuation with or without associated abscess. Dropped appendicoliths may act as niduses for infection and may result in the future development of abscess formation. We report the case of a 10-year-old pediatric patient who developed 2 perihepatic abscesses caused by 2 appendicoliths that were inadvertently dropped during laparoscopic surgery. Keywords: Appendicitis, CT, Dropped appendicolith, Abscess
Published: 2019
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16. Adoption of Rice Crop Technology in Barabanki District: Constraints and Remedies

Author: Aswani Kumar, H. C. Singh, Birendra Kumar, Bhartendu Yadav, and Satyendra Kumar
Subjects: General Medicine
Abstract: In Barabanki district of Uttar Pradesh 250 respondents were studied on their faced constraints and suggested measures over technology adopted in rice crop by Probability proportion to size and Random sampling method between ATMA and non-ATMA farmers. Descriptive statistics was used to draw and interpret the results from the collected data. Results stated that the most serious constraints were perceived by the majority of trained farmers and non-trained farmers both. It was suggested that proper information dissemination and low-cost input use should be adopted for profitable agriculture and improving socio-economic condition of rural India.
Published: 2023

17. Attitude of Students about E-resources for Academic and Research Work in Agriculture Universities of Uttar Pradesh

Author: Kumari Asha, H. C. Singh, Ashwani Kumar Verma, Rohit, and Akash
Subjects: Materials Chemistry
Abstract: E-resources are now an essential part of all intellectual activities in higher education. Realizing the value of e-resources, the majority of Indian colleges have made generous investments to give students access to these materials to assist learning, teaching, and resources. Every country's finest learning and intellectual centres are universities, and university libraries are what fuel all of these centres' intellectual pursuits. The present study aims to study on attitude of students (Post-Graduate and Ph.D level) about e-resources in Academic and Research work of agriculture universities of Uttar Pradesh. The study was conducted during 2022 in the state using a structured questionnaire and data were collected through Online Google Form. About 240 responses were received and analysed. Out of total respondents’ 26 percent were females while 74 percent were males, 23-29 years of age (57.50%) and 46% belonged to rural background. To measure the attitude of students towards e-resources, the scale was developed by the investigator for data collection from the students. Majority of the students had medium level of attitude. Students from four agriculture universities, had more or less similar attitude towards e-resources which might be due to more or less same awareness about various e-resources available in their universities. It was found that most of the students strongly agreed with the fact that “e-resources are useful to update the knowledge globally” with 92 MPS. Students of agriculture universities had a positive and favourable attitude towards e-resources but required proper exposure and training at the right time for the better utilization of all e-resources.
Published: 2023

18. Comparative analysis of ‘La’ modified BiFeO3-based perovskite solar cell devices for high conversion efficiency

Author: Abhishek Raj, Manish Kumar, Arvind Kumar, Kedar Singh, Subhash Sharma, Ram C. Singh, Manish Singh Pawar, M.Z.A. Yahya, and Avneesh Anshul
Subjects: Process Chemistry and Technology, Materials Chemistry, Ceramics and Composites, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Published: 2023

19. SILICOSIS: A CURSE THAT NEEDS IDENTIFICATION

Author: Suresh C. Singh, Pankaj Yadav, Awadesh Kumar, Arun Kumar, Harendra S. Bhoj, Amit Gupta, Amit Verma, Harsh K. Singh, Sonal Mishra, and Rajeshwar P. Sinha
Abstract: Silicosis is a well-known occupational lung illness that is frequently found in silica dust-exposed industries like stone mining, sandblasting, quarrying, ceramics, and other industrial jobs like grinding, oil and gas, brick- and pottery-making and berglass production. It is frequently characterized by coughing and shortness of breath. It is sporadically linked to tumors, tuberculosis (TB) and lung cancer-causing agents like mycobacterial infections, autoimmune illnesses, etc. One of the most common occupational diseases in the world, silicosis poses serious health risks to employees, especially in developing nations like India.
Published: 2023

20. Study of Genetic Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance in Tomato Genotypes for Yield and Its Components

Author: Niranjan Singh, H. C. Singh, Raj Kumar, Nandan Kumar, and Gaurav Mishra
Subjects: General Medicine
Abstract: To select prospective genotype variants for future breeding programs, research is currently being done to evaluate the degree of genetic variability, heritability, and genetic progress among various tomato varieties using morphological features. Experimental material comprising thirty-seven species of tomato genotype was raised in the three-replication using Randomized Block Design during the Rabi 2020-21 season and data were recorded in morphological and quality aspects. On the basis of mean performance of weight of fruits per plant, genotype superior to check genotype are 7053, 8105, 8202, 8623, 8730 as compared to the best checks 8716 and 9426. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) in Randomized Block Design experiments revealed significant for all morphological characters. The result showed higher phenotypic coefficients of variation of all characters compared to genotypic coefficients of variation. High Phenotypic Coefficient of Variation as recorded by fruit number per plant (38.07) followed by fruit weight per plant (33.49) and days to flowering (28.09) while high Genotypic Coefficient of Variation was identified by fruit number per plant (37.60) and followed by fruit weight per plant (32.94) and flowering days (27.52). All the characters showed high divergence. The number of fruits per plant showed high genetic advance (53.66) followed by maturity days (23.27) and plant height (20.73). The study provided an opportunity to identify genotypes and appropriate parameters like number of fruits per plant, days to plant height to be used in future breeding programs.
Published: 2022

21. First-principles study for physical properties and stability of Li based chalcopyrite semiconductors: Reliable for green energy sources

Author: J. Kumari, C. Singh, B.L. Choudhary, and A.S. Verma
Subjects: General Materials Science, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Condensed Matter Physics
Abstract: In this research study, we have been performed the first principles calculation for physical properties likewise structural, electronic, optical and mechanical properties of the lithium gallium chalcopyrites LiGaX2 (X= S, Se). We have used two exchange correlation potentials one is full potential augmented plane wave method (FP-LAPW) and second is pseudo-potential method. The reported lattice parameters in this work ranging from a = b = 5.28 Å to 5.82 Å and c = 10.11 Å to 11.25 Å and found that these materials have direct band-gap 4.41 eV for LiGaS2 and 2.90 eV for LiGaSe2. Refractive indexes n(ω) is 2.1 and 2.3 respectively for these compounds. The study of optical and elastic properties for these materials ensures that these show the anisotropic behaviour and ductile in nature.
Published: 2022

22. Study of structural features and thermal properties of barium hexaferrite upon indium doping

Author: F. G. Agayev, S. V. Trukhanov, An. V. Trukhanov, S. H. Jabarov, G. Sh. Ayyubova, M. N. Mirzayev, E. L. Trukhanova, D. A. Vinnik, A. L. Kozlovskiy, M. V. Zdorovets, A. S. B. Sombra, Di Zhou, R. B. Jotania, C. Singh, and A. V. Trukhanov
Subjects: Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Condensed Matter Physics
Published: 2022

23. Integrated Application of Trichoderma Mixture and NPK Enhances the rice Productivity in Sodic Soil

Author: Anshu ., Pallavi Agarwal, Kumkum Mishra, and Poonam C. Singh
Subjects: Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract: Abiotic stresses due to changing environmental conditions and intensive agriculture are causing soil salinity and sodicity leading tosoil deterioration. It directly affects nutrient availability and uptake and reduces plant productivity. The microorganisms are known toimprove the availability of nutrients in the soil and therefore, the present work aimed to maximize the use of applied fertilizers and boostthe productivity. The effects of the Trichoderma mixture (TrichoMix) and NPK on plant growth and rice yield in degraded land underfield conditions was studied. The abiotic stress tolerant Trichoderma strains comprising of T. koningiopsis (NBRI-PR5) and T. asperellum(NBRI-K14) were used in the treatments (i) Control (Cont.), (ii) NPK, as per recommended dose (NPK100%) (iii) Trichoderma mixture (NBRIPR5+NBRI-K14) (TrichoMix) (iv) TrichoMix + NPK50%. Significantly higher plant growth and yield (6.57q/h) was obtained in TrichoMix+NPK50% treatment. The improvement in rice production in the treatment TrichoMix +NPK50% was ascribed to the significant changes insoil physiochemical characteristics such as water holding capacity (35%), bulk density (40%), total organic carbon (42%), available N(39%), P (44%), K (48%) and microbial biomass carbon (88%). The results conclude that the mixture of T. koningiopsis (NBRI-PR5) and T.asperellum (NBRI-K14) may be recommended as sodic soil amendment to increase plant growth and yield in combination with chemicalfertilizers to support rice cultivation.
Published: 2022

24. Microbial Endophytes: A Hidden Plant Resident, Application and Their Role in Abiotic Stress Management in Plants

Author: Touseef Fatima, Swati Sharma, Ambreen Bano, Divya Srivastava, Isha Verma, and Poonam C Singh
Subjects: Ecology, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Pollution
Abstract: Microbial communities in nature involve complex interactions with several biotic and abiotic components. An endo-symbiotic association is one in which one organism lives within the host plant for at least a part of its life. It is often obligate and does not create visible disease and has been reported to exist for at least 400 million years. Beneficial endophytes promote plant nutrient uptake, host plant growth, reduce disease severity, inhibit plant pathogens and improve tolerance to environmental stresses. Stresses like salinity, alkalinity, drought, global warming, temperature and pollution will increase in prominence and endophytes are predicted to play a significant role and offer eco-friendly techniques to increase productivity under such conditions. There also exists the potential for genetic modification of endophytes to impart additional stress tolerance traits in hosts. The present review discusses the beneficial effect of fungal and bacterial endophytes, emphasizing improving crop productivity under abiotic stress conditions. The review also discusses the various aspects of physiological and molecular mechanisms determining the interaction and stress tolerance, enhancing plant functions and productivity.
Published: 2022

25. Integrated Farming Systems; Current Status, Scope and Future Prospects under Indian Perspective

Author: Pramod Kumar Singh, Rajni Rani, A. C. Singh, Anil Kumar, and Sachin Kumar
Subjects: General Earth and Planetary Sciences, General Environmental Science
Abstract: Small and marginal farmers are core to the Indian rural economy, constituting 86.2 percent to the farming community and possessing 47.3 percent of the total operational land. To handle the challenges to the labour oriented country like India, where farmers are even not able to earn their livelihood as they pay for all their inputs to the market for seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, energy, feed labour etc. The evolution and adoption of situation specific IFS module has enabled us to develop a framework for sustenance and economically feasible farming operation comparable to large sized single entrepreneur holdings. Under IFS an interrelated set of agri-entrepreneurs compatible to particular agri-ecological situation are tested and adopted so that the waste/ by product of an entrepreneur becomes resource for other, which reduces cost, improves production, enhances environmental quality, farm employment and farm income. After the trails conducted by AICRP on IFS, it has been found that the farm profitability may be increased from 3 to 5 times as compared to traditional farming. Multi-component farming is the way of efficient resource recycling within the system with increased economic profitability, production, sustainability and preserving environmental quality and maintaining biodiversity, helps for efficient utilization of natural resources and also may be potential tool to combat flood and drought.
Published: 2022

26. Digital Infrastructure Management-Challenges and Opportunities in Post Covid Era

Author: P. Pankaj and C. Singh
Abstract: Digital Infrastructure Management-Challenges and Opportunities in Post Covid Era are analyzed in this paper. The 2020 pandemic has been the most serious issue in medical as well as humanity’s history. It has impacted various lives in one way or another. There are multitudes of death cases globally, and the census is pacing at its fastest rate as possible. This lockdown has stressed the medical field and infrastructure and paved its way in the digitalization sector. While observing the lockdown, the world’s economy has faced a steep fall due to sudden and unexpected hampering to the daily work. This opened the door to digitalization. The Digital field has seen a great hike where all the work is shifted from offices to home. It has opened various opportunities but also faces major challenges which expect to furnish after the pandemic crisis. This paper deals with the aspects of digital infrastructure in the post-Covid-19 era.
Published: 2022

27. Air Pollution Monitoring in Remote Areas using Smart UAV based System

Author: null S. Samanta, null H. Sarkar, null S. Chakraborty, and null C. Singh
Subjects: General Earth and Planetary Sciences, General Environmental Science
Abstract: Real time monitoring of air pollution and measurement of pollutant gases is very challenging task and needs more numbers of sensors and lots of observation. In this paper, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) based system equipped with different micro sensor, is introduced for monitoring of air quality. It will offer a new approach in environmental pollution assessment instead of ground based monitoring system. Air pollution concentration data is collected by different sensors present in UAV, are effectively monitored in personal computer or mobile devices. The main objective of this paper is to elaborate the performance capability of UAV for effective monitoring of air pollution and measure health hazard air pollutants with high sensitivities in a particular area where human cannot reach. As it is quite recent field, a fruitful effort has dedicated to develop an integrated sensing system and optimization of its crucial features as dimension, weight and energy autonomy. The effectiveness of the developed system is evaluated by performing some field experiments using a hardware prototype UAV model.
Published: 2022

28. Structural, magnetic, optical, and photocatalytic properties of Ca–Ni doped BiFeO3 nanoparticles

Author: Babita Tripathi, Sunil Chauhan, Manoj Kumar, Mohit Sahni, Pankaj Gupta, Prakash Chand Sati, Satyendra Singh, Daksh Agarwal, and R. C. Singh
Subjects: Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Published: 2022

29. HIGH-RESOLUTION SOLAR ENERGY PARAMETERS UNDER THE CLIMATE CHANGE SCENARIO FOR JAMMU AND KASHMIR AND LADAKH REGION

Author: S. Verma and C. Singh
Abstract: Solar technologies are viewed as feasible options for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and encouraging long-term adaptation in the context of climate change and rising energy demand. Solar energy is India's second-largest Renewable Energy (RE) source, and playing increasingly important role in the country's low-carbon energy portfolio. Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh are the northernmost states of India, with elevations ranging from 205 to 8564 meters above the mean sea level. Both states are located just south of the Karakorum and have a subtropical and cold-arid environment with scarce renewable energy resources. This study is performed to identify the annual and monthly variation of solar energy potentials for the recent climatological future over the western Himalayan region. The long-term annual average demonstrated the high efficiency of GHI over Leh and Kargil and low over the Jammu and Kashmir region. The monthly variation shows greater GHI values between March and October, varying from 225 to 375 W m−2, and lower from November to February, less than 220 W m−2. The mean ambient 2-m temperature indicates December and January months are bad for solar energy installations, while June and July are excellent. Overall, the findings show that Ladakh has a remarkable solar energy potential and is recommendable for further investigation.
Published: 2022

30. Ultrathin diamond-like carbon films deposited by filtered carbon vacuum arcs

Author: Anders, Andre, Fong, Walton, Kulkarni, Ashok, Ryan, Francis W., and Bhatia, C. Singh
Subjects: Plasma physics and fusion
Published: 2001

31. Millets: The Ancient Grain

Author: Dr. Ritu K. Sureka, Anuj Kumar Singh, Kinjulck C. Singh, Chandrajiit Singh, Vibha, Dr. Madhvi Daniel, Niharika Vardhan Saxena, Sneha Sarkar, Dr. Amulya Murthy Aku, Dr. A. Rama Murthy, Prerna Shekhawat, Nidhi Soni, Miss. Bhawna Panwar, Dt. Neelakshi Tanima, Dr. Priya Keshari, JESU DAKSHIN THIPPIAH, M. M. Pragalyaashree, D. Baskaran, V. Geetha Balasubramaniam, Dr. Akanksha Bhatnagar, Ritesh Gupta, Ms. Sadhna Yadav, Ms. Anjna Prakash, Dr. Farida Ahmed, Dr. Nisha Choudhary, Dr. Shikatoli Wotsa, Dr. Ritu K. Sureka, Anuj Kumar Singh, Kinjulck C. Singh, Chandrajiit Singh, Vibha, Dr. Madhvi Daniel, Niharika Vardhan Saxena, Sneha Sarkar, Dr. Amulya Murthy Aku, Dr. A. Rama Murthy, Prerna Shekhawat, Nidhi Soni, Miss. Bhawna Panwar, Dt. Neelakshi Tanima, Dr. Priya Keshari, JESU DAKSHIN THIPPIAH, M. M. Pragalyaashree, D. Baskaran, V. Geetha Balasubramaniam, Dr. Akanksha Bhatnagar, Ritesh Gupta, Ms. Sadhna Yadav, Ms. Anjna Prakash, Dr. Farida Ahmed, Dr. Nisha Choudhary, and Dr. Shikatoli Wotsa
Abstract: Welcome back to the enthralling world of millets—a journey that continues in Volume II of "Millets: The Ancient Grain." As we delve deeper into the narrative of this extraordinary grain, our exploration takes us to even more fascinating and uncharted territories. In Volume I, we uncovered the historical tapestry of millets, tracing their origins and the ways in which they shaped the course of human civilization. We unravelled their nutritional significance, their resilience, and the stories of the people who have cultivated and cherished them for millennia. Now, in Volume II, we pick up where we left off, delving further into the multifaceted aspects of millets. This volume embarks on an expedition into the contemporary world of millets, exploring their role in modern agriculture, the evolving culinary landscape, and their potential to address some of the most pressing global challenges. It takes us through a journey of rediscovery as millets once again capture the imagination of farmers, chefs, and consumers alike. Throughout the pages of this volume, you will find stories of communities reclaiming their food traditions, of chefs and food enthusiasts experimenting with innovative millet-based recipes, and of scientists working to enhance the productivity and adaptability of this ancient grain. We also delve into the diverse and vibrant cultures that have embraced millets, celebrating the rich tapestry of cuisines that revolve around these grains. As we continue our exploration, may you be inspired by the resilience and adaptability of millets, which stand as a testament to the ingenuity of humanity in the face of ever-evolving challenges. In Volume II, we continue to celebrate the potential of millets as a key player in our quest for sustainable agriculture, nutrition, and food security. We invite you to immerse yourself in the stories, the knowledge, and the flavors that this volume offers. Together, let's venture further into the world of millets, unlocking thei
Published: 2023

32. CLUH functions as negative regulator of inflammation in human macrophages and determines ulcerative colitis pathogenesis

Author: Shaziya Khan, Desh Raj, Shikha Sahu, Anam Naseer, Nishakumari C. Singh, Sunaina Kumari, Sharmeen Ishteyaque, Jyotsna Sharma, Promila Lakra, Madhav Nilakanth Mugale, Arun Kumar Trivedi, Mrigank Srivastava, Tulika Chandra, Vivek Bhosale, Manoj Kumar Barthwal, Shashi Kumar Gupta, Kalyan Mitra, Aamir Nazir, Uday C. Ghoshal, and Amit Lahiri
Subjects: General Medicine
Published: 2023

33. Novel Method for Quantifying Liquid Thickness in Flooded Alveoli of Optically-Cleared Lungs

Author: C. Singh and C.E. Perlman
Published: 2023

34. Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Secondary to Sarcoidosis

Author: V. Hegde, C. Singh, M. Krem, and S. Castillo
Published: 2023

35. Integrated Application of Trichoderma and Carbendazim Affects the Carbendazim Extractability and Microbial Functions in the Maize Rhizosphere

Author: Soni Chauhan, Touseef Fatima, Amita Dubey, Puneet Singh Chauhan, Om Prakash, and Poonam C. Singh
Subjects: Soil Science, Plant Science, Agronomy and Crop Science
Published: 2023

36. Prevalence of physical frailty, including risk factors, up to 1 year after hospitalisation for COVID-19 in the UK: a multicentre, longitudinal cohort study

Author: Hamish J.C. McAuley, Rachael A. Evans, Charlotte E. Bolton, Christopher E. Brightling, James D. Chalmers, Annemarie B. Docherty, Omer Elneima, Paul L. Greenhaff, Ayushman Gupta, Victoria C. Harris, Ewen M. Harrison, Ling-Pei Ho, Alex Horsley, Linzy Houchen-Wolloff, Caroline J. Jolley, Olivia C. Leavy, Nazir I. Lone, William D-C Man, Michael Marks, Dhruv Parekh, Krisnah Poinasamy, Jennifer K. Quint, Betty Raman, Matthew Richardson, Ruth M. Saunders, Marco Sereno, Aarti Shikotra, Amisha Singapuri, Sally J. Singh, Michael Steiner, Ai Lyn Tan, Louise V. Wain, Carly Welch, Julie Whitney, Miles D. Witham, Janet Lord, Neil J. Greening, K. Abel, H. Adamali, D. Adeloye, O. Adeyemi, R. Adrego, L.A. Aguilar Jimenez, S. Ahmad, N. Ahmad Haider, R. Ahmed, N. Ahwireng, M. Ainsworth, B. Al-Sheklly, A. Alamoudi, M. Ali, M. Aljaroof, A.M. All, L. Allan, R.J. Allen, L. Allerton, L. Allsop, P. Almeida, D. Altmann, M. Alvarez Corral, S. Amoils, D. Anderson, C. Antoniades, G. Arbane, A. Arias, C. Armour, L. Armstrong, N. Armstrong, D. Arnold, H. Arnold, A. Ashish, A. Ashworth, M. Ashworth, S. Aslani, H. Assefa-Kebede, C. Atkin, P. Atkin, R. Aul, H. Aung, L. Austin, C. Avram, A. Ayoub, M. Babores, R. Baggott, J. Bagshaw, D. Baguley, L. Bailey, J.K. Baillie, S. Bain, M. Bakali, M. Bakau, E. Baldry, D. Baldwin, M. Baldwin, C. Ballard, A. Banerjee, B. Bang, R.E. Barker, L. Barman, S. Barratt, F. Barrett, D. Basire, N. Basu, M. Bates, A. Bates, R. Batterham, H. Baxendale, H. Bayes, M. Beadsworth, P. Beckett, M. Beggs, M. Begum, P. Beirne, D. Bell, R. Bell, K. Bennett, E. Beranova, A. Bermperi, A. Berridge, C. Berry, S. Betts, E. Bevan, K. Bhui, M. Bingham, K. Birchall, L. Bishop, K. Bisnauthsing, J. Blaikely, A. Bloss, A. Bolger, C.E. Bolton, J. Bonnington, A. Botkai, C. Bourne, M. Bourne, K. Bramham, L. Brear, G. Breen, J. Breeze, A. Briggs, E. Bright, C.E. Brightling, S. Brill, K. Brindle, L. Broad, A. Broadley, C. Brookes, M. Broome, A. Brown, J. Brown, J.S. Brown, M. Brown, V. Brown, T. Brugha, N. Brunskill, M. Buch, P. Buckley, A. Bularga, E. Bullmore, L. Burden, T. Burdett, D. Burn, G. Burns, A. Burns, J. Busby, R. Butcher, A. Butt, S. Byrne, P. Cairns, P.C. Calder, E. Calvelo, H. Carborn, B. Card, C. Carr, L. Carr, G. Carson, P. Carter, A. Casey, M. Cassar, J. Cavanagh, M. Chablani, T. Chalder, J.D. Chalmers, R.C. Chambers, F. Chan, K.M. Channon, K. Chapman, A. Charalambou, N. Chaudhuri, A. Checkley, J. Chen, Y. Cheng, L. Chetham, C. Childs, E.R. Chilvers, H. Chinoy, A. Chiribiri, K. Chong-James, G. Choudhury, N. Choudhury, P. Chowienczyk, C. Christie, M. Chrystal, D. Clark, C. Clark, J. Clarke, S. Clohisey, G. Coakley, Z. Coburn, S. Coetzee, J. Cole, C. Coleman, F. Conneh, D. Connell, B. Connolly, L. Connor, A. Cook, B. Cooper, J. Cooper, S. Cooper, D. Copeland, T. Cosier, M. Coulding, C. Coupland, E. Cox, T. Craig, P. Crisp, D. Cristiano, M.G. Crooks, A. Cross, I. Cruz, P. Cullinan, D. Cuthbertson, L. Daines, M. Dalton, P. Daly, A. Daniels, P. Dark, J. Dasgin, A. David, C. David, E. Davies, F. Davies, G. Davies, G.A. Davies, K. Davies, M.J. Davies, J. Dawson, E. Daynes, A. De Soyza, B. Deakin, A. Deans, C. Deas, J. Deery, S. Defres, A. Dell, K. Dempsey, E. Denneny, J. Dennis, A. Dewar, R. Dharmagunawardena, N. Diar-Bakerly, C. Dickens, A. Dipper, S. Diver, S.N. Diwanji, M. Dixon, R. Djukanovic, H. Dobson, S.L. Dobson, A.B. Docherty, A. Donaldson, T. Dong, N. Dormand, A. Dougherty, R. Dowling, S. Drain, K. Draxlbauer, K. Drury, H.J.C. Drury, P. Dulawan, A. Dunleavy, S. Dunn, C. Dupont, J. Earley, N. Easom, C. Echevarria, S. Edwards, C. Edwardson, H. El-Taweel, A. Elliott, K. Elliott, Y. Ellis, A. Elmer, O. Elneima, D. Evans, H. Evans, J. Evans, R. Evans, R.A. Evans, R.I. Evans, T. Evans, C. Evenden, L. Evison, L. Fabbri, S. Fairbairn, A. Fairman, K. Fallon, D. Faluyi, C. Favager, T. Fayzan, J. Featherstone, T. Felton, J. Finch, S. Finney, J. Finnigan, L. Finnigan, H. Fisher, S. Fletcher, R. Flockton, M. Flynn, H. Foot, D. Foote, A. Ford, D. Forton, E. Fraile, C. Francis, R. Francis, S. Francis, A. Frankel, E. Fraser, R. Free, N. French, X. Fu, J. Fuld, J. Furniss, L. Garner, N. Gautam, J.R. Geddes, J. George, P. George, M. Gibbons, M. Gill, L. Gilmour, F. Gleeson, J. Glossop, S. Glover, N. Goodman, C. Goodwin, B. Gooptu, H. Gordon, T. Gorsuch, M. Greatorex, P.L. Greenhaff, W. Greenhalf, A. Greenhalgh, N.J. Greening, J. Greenwood, H. Gregory, R. Gregory, D. Grieve, D. Griffin, L. Griffiths, A.-M. Guerdette, B. Guillen Guio, M. Gummadi, A. Gupta, S. Gurram, E. Guthrie, Z. Guy, H.H. Henson, K. Hadley, A. Haggar, K. Hainey, B. Hairsine, P. Haldar, I. Hall, L. Hall, M. Halling-Brown, R. Hamil, A. Hancock, K. Hancock, N.A. Hanley, S. Haq, H.E. Hardwick, E. Hardy, T. Hardy, B. Hargadon, K. Harrington, E. Harris, V.C. Harris, E.M. Harrison, P. Harrison, N. Hart, A. Harvey, M. Harvey, M. Harvie, L. Haslam, M. Havinden-Williams, J. Hawkes, N. Hawkings, J. Haworth, A. Hayday, M. Haynes, J. Hazeldine, T. Hazelton, L.G. Heaney, C. Heeley, J.L. Heeney, M. Heightman, S. Heller, M. Henderson, L. Hesselden, M. Hewitt, V. Highett, T. Hillman, T. Hiwot, L.P. Ho, A. Hoare, M. Hoare, J. Hockridge, P. Hogarth, A. Holbourn, S. Holden, L. Holdsworth, D. Holgate, M. Holland, L. Holloway, K. Holmes, M. Holmes, B. Holroyd-Hind, L. Holt, A. Hormis, A. Horsley, A. Hosseini, M. Hotopf, L. Houchen-Wolloff, K. Howard, L.S. Howard, A. Howell, E. Hufton, A.D. Hughes, J. Hughes, R. Hughes, A. Humphries, N. Huneke, E. Hurditch, J. Hurst, M. Husain, T. Hussell, J. Hutchinson, W. Ibrahim, F. Ilyas, J. Ingham, L. Ingram, D. Ionita, K. Isaacs, K. Ismail, T. Jackson, J. Jacob, W.Y. James, W. Jang, C. Jarman, I. Jarrold, H. Jarvis, R. Jastrub, B. Jayaraman, R.G. Jenkins, P. Jezzard, K. Jiwa, C. Johnson, S. Johnson, D. Johnston, C.J. Jolley, D. Jones, G. Jones, H. Jones, I. Jones, L. Jones, M.G. Jones, S. Jones, S. Jose, T. Kabir, G. Kaltsakas, V. Kamwa, N. Kanellakis, S. Kaprowska, Z. Kausar, N. Keenan, S. Kelly, G. Kemp, S. Kerr, H. Kerslake, A.L. Key, F. Khan, K. Khunti, S. Kilroy, B. King, C. King, L. Kingham, J. Kirk, P. Kitterick, P. Klenerman, L. Knibbs, S. Knight, A. Knighton, O. Kon, S. Kon, S.S. Kon, S. Koprowska, A. Korszun, I. Koychev, C. Kurasz, P. Kurupati, C. Laing, H. Lamlum, G. Landers, C. Langenberg, D. Lasserson, L. Lavelle-Langham, A. Lawrie, C. Lawson, A. Layton, A. Lea, O.C. Leavy, D. Lee, J.-H. Lee, E. Lee, K. Leitch, R. Lenagh, D. Lewis, J. Lewis, K.E. Lewis, V. Lewis, N. Lewis-Burke, X. Li, T. Light, L. Lightstone, W. Lilaonitkul, L. Lim, S. Linford, A. Lingford-Hughes, M. Lipman, K. Liyanage, A. Lloyd, S. Logan, D. Lomas, N.I. Lone, R. Loosley, J.M. Lord, H. Lota, W. Lovegrove, A. Lucey, E. Lukaschuk, A. Lye, C. Lynch, S. MacDonald, G. MacGowan, I. Macharia, J. Mackie, L. Macliver, S. Madathil, G. Madzamba, N. Magee, M.M. Magtoto, N. Mairs, N. Majeed, E. Major, F. Malein, M. Malim, G. Mallison, W. D-C Man, S. Mandal, K. Mangion, C. Manisty, R. Manley, K. March, S. Marciniak, P. Marino, M. Mariveles, M. Marks, E. Marouzet, S. Marsh, B. Marshall, M. Marshall, J. Martin, A. Martineau, L.M. Martinez, N. Maskell, D. Matila, W. Matimba-Mupaya, L. Matthews, A. Mbuyisa, S. McAdoo, H. McAllister-Williams, A. McArdle, P. McArdle, D. McAulay, G.P. McCann, J. McCormick, W. McCormick, P. McCourt, L. McGarvey, C. McGee, K. Mcgee, J. McGinness, K. McGlynn, A. McGovern, H. McGuinness, I.B. McInnes, J. McIntosh, E. McIvor, K. McIvor, L. McLeavey, A. McMahon, M.J. McMahon, L. McMorrow, T. Mcnally, M. McNarry, J. McNeill, A. McQueen, H. McShane, C. Mears, C. Megson, S. Megson, P. Mehta, J. Meiring, L. Melling, M. Mencias, D. Menzies, M. Merida Morillas, A. Michael, C. Miller, L. Milligan, C. Mills, G. Mills, N.L. Mills, L. Milner, S. Misra, J. Mitchell, A. Mohamed, N. Mohamed, S. Mohammed, P.L. Molyneaux, W. Monteiro, S. Moriera, A. Morley, L. Morrison, R. Morriss, A. Morrow, A.J. Moss, P. Moss, K. Motohashi, N. Msimanga, E. Mukaetova-Ladinska, U. Munawar, J. Murira, U. Nanda, H. Nassa, M. Nasseri, A. Neal, R. Needham, P. Neill, S. Neubauer, D.E. Newby, H. Newell, T. Newman, J. Newman, A. Newton-Cox, T. Nicholson, D. Nicoll, A. Nikolaidis, C.M. Nolan, M.J. Noonan, C. Norman, P. Novotny, J. Nunag, L. Nwafor, U. Nwanguma, J. Nyaboko, C. O'Brien, K. O'Donnell, D. O'Regan, L. O’Brien, N. Odell, G. Ogg, O. Olaosebikan, C. Oliver, Z. Omar, P.J.M. Openshaw, L. Orriss-Dib, L. Osborne, R. Osbourne, M. Ostermann, C. Overton, J. Owen, J. Oxton, J. Pack, E. Pacpaco, S. Paddick, S. Painter, A. Pakzad, S. Palmer, P. Papineni, K. Paques, K. Paradowski, M. Pareek, D. Parekh, H. Parfrey, C. Pariante, S. Parker, M. Parkes, J. Parmar, S. Patale, B. Patel, M. Patel, S. Patel, D. Pattenadk, M. Pavlides, S. Payne, L. Pearce, J.E. Pearl, D. Peckham, J. Pendlebury, Y. Peng, C. Pennington, I. Peralta, E. Perkins, Z. Peterkin, T. Peto, N. Petousi, J. Petrie, P. Pfeffer, J. Phipps, J. Pimm, K. Piper Hanley, R. Pius, H. Plant, S. Plein, T. Plekhanova, M. Plowright, K. Poinasamy, O. Polgar, L. Poll, J.C. Porter, J. Porter, S. Portukhay, N. Powell, A. Prabhu, J. Pratt, A. Price, C. Price, D. Price, L. Price, A. Prickett, J. Propescu, S. Prosper, S. Pugmire, S. Quaid, J. Quigley, J. Quint, H. Qureshi, I.N. Qureshi, K. Radhakrishnan, N.M. Rahman, M. Ralser, B. Raman, A. Ramos, H. Ramos, J. Rangeley, B. Rangelov, L. Ratcliffe, P. Ravencroft, A. Reddington, R. Reddy, A. Reddy, H. Redfearn, D. Redwood, A. Reed, M. Rees, T. Rees, K. Regan, W. Reynolds, C. Ribeiro, A. Richards, E. Richardson, M. Richardson, P. Rivera-Ortega, K. Roberts, E. Robertson, E. Robinson, L. Robinson, L. Roche, C. Roddis, J. Rodger, A. Ross, G. Ross, J. Rossdale, A. Rostron, A. Rowe, A. Rowland, J. Rowland, M.J. Rowland, S.L. Rowland-Jones, K. Roy, M. Roy, I. Rudan, R. Russell, E. Russell, G. Saalmink, R. Sabit, E.K. Sage, T. Samakomva, N. Samani, C. Sampson, K. Samuel, R. Samuel, A. Sanderson, E. Sapey, D. Saralaya, J. Sargant, C. Sarginson, T. Sass, N. Sattar, K. Saunders, R.M. Saunders, P. Saunders, L.C. Saunders, H. Savill, W. Saxon, A. Sayer, J. Schronce, W. Schwaeble, J.T. Scott, K. Scott, N. Selby, M.G. Semple, M. Sereno, T.A. Sewell, A. Shah, K. Shah, P. Shah, M. Shankar-Hari, M. Sharma, C. Sharpe, M. Sharpe, S. Shashaa, A. Shaw, K. Shaw, V. Shaw, A. Sheikh, S. Shelton, L. Shenton, K. Shevket, A. Shikotra, J. Short, S. Siddique, S. Siddiqui, J. Sidebottom, L. Sigfrid, G. Simons, J. Simpson, N. Simpson, A. Singapuri, C. Singh, S. Singh, S.J. Singh, D. Sissons, J. Skeemer, K. Slack, A. Smith, D. Smith, S. Smith, J. Smith, L. Smith, M. Soares, T.S. Solano, R. Solly, A.R. Solstice, T. Soulsby, D. Southern, D. Sowter, M. Spears, L.G. Spencer, F. Speranza, L. Stadon, S. Stanel, N. Steele, M. Steiner, D. Stensel, G. Stephens, L. Stephenson, M. Stern, I. Stewart, R. Stimpson, S. Stockdale, J. Stockley, W. Stoker, R. Stone, W. Storrar, A. Storrie, K. Storton, E. Stringer, S. Strong-Sheldrake, N. Stroud, C. Subbe, C.L. Sudlow, Z. Suleiman, C. Summers, C. Summersgill, D. Sutherland, D.L. Sykes, R. Sykes, N. Talbot, A.L. Tan, L. Tarusan, V. Tavoukjian, A. Taylor, C. Taylor, J. Taylor, A. Te, H. Tedd, C.J. Tee, J. Teixeira, H. Tench, S. Terry, S. Thackray-Nocera, F. Thaivalappil, B. Thamu, D. Thickett, C. Thomas, D.C. Thomas, S. Thomas, A.K. Thomas, T. Thomas-Woods, T. Thompson, A.A.R. Thompson, T. Thornton, M. Thorpe, R.S. Thwaites, J. Tilley, N. Tinker, G.F. Tiongson, M. Tobin, J. Tomlinson, C. Tong, M. Toshner, R. Touyz, K.A. Tripp, E. Tunnicliffe, A. Turnbull, E. Turner, S. Turner, V. Turner, K. Turner, S. Turney, L. Turtle, H. Turton, J. Ugoji, R. Ugwuoke, R. Upthegrove, J. Valabhji, M. Ventura, J. Vere, C. Vickers, B. Vinson, E. Wade, P. Wade, L.V. Wain, T. Wainwright, L.O. Wajero, S. Walder, S. Walker, E. Wall, T. Wallis, S. Walmsley, J.A. Walsh, S. Walsh, L. Warburton, T.J.C. Ward, K. Warwick, H. Wassall, S. Waterson, E. Watson, L. Watson, J. Watson, J. Weir McCall, C. Welch, H. Welch, B. Welsh, S. Wessely, S. West, H. Weston, H. Wheeler, S. White, V. Whitehead, J. Whitney, S. Whittaker, B. Whittam, V. Whitworth, A. Wight, J. Wild, M. Wilkins, D. Wilkinson, B. Williams, N. Williams, J. Williams, S.A. Williams-Howard, M. Willicombe, G. Willis, J. Willoughby, A. Wilson, D. Wilson, I. Wilson, N. Window, M. Witham, R. Wolf-Roberts, C. Wood, F. Woodhead, J. Woods, D.G. Wootton, J. Wormleighton, J. Worsley, D. Wraith, C. Wrey Brown, C. Wright, L. Wright, S. Wright, J. Wyles, I. Wynter, M. Xu, N. Yasmin, S. Yasmin, T. Yates, K.P. Yip, B. Young, S. Young, A. Young, A.J. Yousuf, A. Zawia, L. Zeidan, B. Zhao, B. Zheng, O. Zongo, PHOSP-COVID Study Collaborative Group, Group, PHOSP-COVID Study Collaborative, and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: Medicine(all), Fried's frailty phenotype, Hospitalisation, COVID-19, General Medicine, Long-COVID, Physical frailty
Abstract: Data sharing statement: The protocol, consent form, definition and derivation of clinical characteristics and outcomes, training materials, regulatory documents, information about requests for data access, and other relevant study materials are available online at https://www.phosp.org/ Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Background: The scale of COVID-19 and its well documented long-term sequelae support a need to understand long-term outcomes including frailty. Methods: This prospective cohort study recruited adults who had survived hospitalisation with clinically diagnosed COVID-19 across 35 sites in the UK (PHOSP-COVID). The burden of frailty was objectively measured using Fried's Frailty Phenotype (FFP). The primary outcome was the prevalence of each FFP group—robust (no FFP criteria), pre-frail (one or two FFP criteria) and frail (three or more FFP criteria)—at 5 months and 1 year after discharge from hospital. For inclusion in the primary analysis, participants required complete outcome data for three of the five FFP criteria. Longitudinal changes across frailty domains are reported at 5 months and 1 year post-hospitalisation, along with risk factors for frailty status. Patient-perceived recovery and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) were retrospectively rated for pre-COVID-19 and prospectively rated at the 5 month and 1 year visits. This study is registered with ISRCTN, number ISRCTN10980107. Findings: Between March 5, 2020, and March 31, 2021, 2419 participants were enrolled with FFP data. Mean age was 57.9 (SD 12.6) years, 933 (38.6%) were female, and 429 (17.7%) had received invasive mechanical ventilation. 1785 had measures at both timepoints, of which 240 (13.4%), 1138 (63.8%) and 407 (22.8%) were frail, pre-frail and robust, respectively, at 5 months compared with 123 (6.9%), 1046 (58.6%) and 616 (34.5%) at 1 year. Factors associated with pre-frailty or frailty were invasive mechanical ventilation, older age, female sex, and greater social deprivation. Frail participants had a larger reduction in HRQoL compared with before their COVID-19 illness and were less likely to describe themselves as recovered. Interpretation: Physical frailty and pre-frailty are common following hospitalisation with COVID-19. Improvement in frailty was seen between 5 and 12 months although two-thirds of the population remained pre-frail or frail. This suggests comprehensive assessment and interventions targeting pre-frailty and frailty beyond the initial illness are required. Funding: UK Research and Innovation and National Institute for Health Research. The study was funded with grants from UK Research and Innovation (MR/V027859/1) and The National Institute of Health Research (COV0319). This study would not be possible without all the participants who have given their time and support. We thank all the participants and their families. We thank the many research administrators, health-care and social-care professionals who contributed to setting up and delivering the study at all of the 40 NHS trusts and 25 research institutions across the UK, as well as all the supporting staff at the NIHR Clinical Research Network, Health Research Authority, Research Ethics Committee, Department of Health and Social Care, Public Health Scotland, and Public Health England, and support from the ISARIC Coronavirus Clinical Characterisation Consortium. The authors would also like to acknowledge the support of the eDRIS Team (Public Health Scotland) for their involvement in obtaining approvals, provisioning and linking data and the use of the secure analytical platform within the National Safe Haven.
Published: 2023

37. Effects of sleep disturbance on dyspnoea and impaired lung function following hospital admission due to COVID-19 in the UK: a prospective multicentre cohort study

Author: Callum Jackson, Iain D Stewart, Tatiana Plekhanova, Peter S Cunningham, Andrew L Hazel, Bashar Al-Sheklly, Raminder Aul, Charlotte E Bolton, Trudie Chalder, James D Chalmers, Nazia Chaudhuri, Annemarie B Docherty, Gavin Donaldson, Charlotte L Edwardson, Omer Elneima, Neil J Greening, Neil A Hanley, Victoria C Harris, Ewen M Harrison, Ling-Pei Ho, Linzy Houchen-Wolloff, Luke S Howard, Caroline J Jolley, Mark G Jones, Olivia C Leavy, Keir E Lewis, Nazir I Lone, Michael Marks, Hamish J C McAuley, Melitta A McNarry, Brijesh V Patel, Karen Piper-Hanley, Krisnah Poinasamy, Betty Raman, Matthew Richardson, Pilar Rivera-Ortega, Sarah L Rowland-Jones, Alex V Rowlands, Ruth M Saunders, Janet T Scott, Marco Sereno, Ajay M Shah, Aarti Shikotra, Amisha Singapuri, Stefan C Stanel, Mathew Thorpe, Daniel G Wootton, Thomas Yates, R Gisli Jenkins, Sally J Singh, William D-C Man, Christopher E Brightling, Louise V Wain, Joanna C Porter, A A Roger Thompson, Alex Horsley, Philip L Molyneaux, Rachael A Evans, Samuel E Jones, Martin K Rutter, John F Blaikley, C Jackson, I D Stewart, T Plekhanova, P S Cunningham, A L Hazel, B Al-Sheklly, R Aul, C E Bolton, T Chalder, J D Chalmers, N Chaudhuri, A B Docherty, G Donaldson, C L Edwardson, O Elneima, N J Greening, N A Hanley, V C Harris, E M Harrison, L-P Ho, L Houchen-Wolloff, L S Howard, C J Jolley, M G Jones, O C Leavy, K E Lewis, N I Lone, M Marks, H J C McAuley, M A McNarry, B Patel, K Piper-Hanley, K Poinasamy, B Raman, M Richardson, P Rivera-Ortega, S L Rowland-Jones, A V Rowlands, R M Saunders, J T Scott, M Sereno, A M Shah, A Shikotra, A Singapuri, S C Stanel, M Thorpe, D G Wootton, T Yates, G Jenkins, S J Singh, W D-C Man, C E Brightling, L V Wain, J C Porter, R Thompson, A Horsley, P L Molyneaux, R A Evans, S E Jones, M K Rutter, J F Blaikley, K Abel, H Adamali, D Adeloye, O Adeyemi, R Adrego, L A Aguilar Jimenez, S Ahmad, N Ahmad Haider, R Ahmed, N Ahwireng, M Ainsworth, A Alamoudi, M Ali, M Aljaroof, AM All, L Allan, R J Allen, L Allerton, L Allsop, P Almeida, D Altmann, M Alvarez Corral, S Amoils, D Anderson, C Antoniades, G Arbane, A Arias, C Armour, L Armstrong, N Armstrong, D Arnold, H Arnold, A Ashish, A Ashworth, M Ashworth, S Aslani, H Assefa-Kebede, C Atkin, P Atkin, H Aung, L Austin, C Avram, A Ayoub, M Babores, R Baggott, J Bagshaw, D Baguley, L Bailey, J K Baillie, S Bain, M Bakali, M Bakau, E Baldry, D Baldwin, M Baldwin, C Ballard, A Banerjee, B Bang, R E Barker, L Barman, S Barratt, F Barrett, D Basire, N Basu, M Bates, A Bates, R Batterham, H Baxendale, H Bayes, M Beadsworth, P Beckett, M Beggs, M Begum, P Beirne, D Bell, R Bell, K Bennett, E Beranova, A Bermperi, A Berridge, C Berry, S Betts, E Bevan, K Bhui, M Bingham, K Birchall, L Bishop, K Bisnauthsing, J Blaikely, A Bloss, A Bolger, J Bonnington, A Botkai, C Bourne, M Bourne, K Bramham, L Brear, G Breen, J Breeze, A Briggs, E Bright, S Brill, K Brindle, L Broad, A Broadley, C Brookes, M Broome, A Brown, J Brown, J S Brown, M Brown, V Brown, T Brugha, N Brunskill, M Buch, P Buckley, A Bularga, E Bullmore, L Burden, T Burdett, D Burn, G Burns, A Burns, J Busby, R Butcher, A Butt, S Byrne, P Cairns, P C Calder, E Calvelo, H Carborn, B Card, C Carr, L Carr, G Carson, P Carter, A Casey, M Cassar, J Cavanagh, M Chablani, R C Chambers, F Chan, K M Channon, K Chapman, A Charalambou, A Checkley, J Chen, Y Cheng, L Chetham, C Childs, E R Chilvers, H Chinoy, A Chiribiri, K Chong-James, G Choudhury, N Choudhury, P Chowienczyk, C Christie, M Chrystal, D Clark, C Clark, J Clarke, S Clohisey, G Coakley, Z Coburn, S Coetzee, J Cole, C Coleman, F Conneh, D Connell, B Connolly, L Connor, A Cook, B Cooper, J Cooper, S Cooper, D Copeland, T Cosier, M Coulding, C Coupland, E Cox, T Craig, P Crisp, D Cristiano, M G Crooks, A Cross, I Cruz, P Cullinan, D Cuthbertson, L Daines, M Dalton, P Daly, A Daniels, P Dark, J Dasgin, A David, C David, E Davies, F Davies, G Davies, G A Davies, K Davies, M J Davies, J Dawson, E Daynes, A De Soyza, B Deakin, A Deans, C Deas, J Deery, S Defres, A Dell, K Dempsey, E Denneny, J Dennis, A Dewar, R Dharmagunawardena, N Diar-Bakerly, C Dickens, A Dipper, S Diver, S N Diwanji, M Dixon, R Djukanovic, H Dobson, S L Dobson, A Donaldson, T Dong, N Dormand, A Dougherty, R Dowling, S Drain, K Draxlbauer, K Drury, P Dulawan, A Dunleavy, S Dunn, C Dupont, J Earley, N Easom, C Echevarria, S Edwards, C Edwardson, H El-Taweel, A Elliott, K Elliott, Y Ellis, A Elmer, D Evans, H Evans, J Evans, R Evans, R I Evans, T Evans, C Evenden, L Evison, L Fabbri, S Fairbairn, A Fairman, K Fallon, D Faluyi, C Favager, T Fayzan, J Featherstone, T Felton, J Finch, S Finney, J Finnigan, L Finnigan, H Fisher, S Fletcher, R Flockton, M Flynn, H Foot, D Foote, A Ford, D Forton, E Fraile, C Francis, R Francis, S Francis, A Frankel, E Fraser, R Free, N French, X Fu, J Fuld, J Furniss, L Garner, N Gautam, J R Geddes, J George, P M George, M Gibbons, M Gill, L Gilmour, F Gleeson, J Glossop, S Glover, N Goodman, C Goodwin, B Gooptu, H Gordon, T Gorsuch, M Greatorex, P L Greenhaff, W Greenhalf, A Greenhalgh, J Greenwood, H Gregory, R Gregory, D Grieve, D Griffin, L Griffiths, A-M Guerdette, B Guillen Guio, M Gummadi, A Gupta, S Gurram, E Guthrie, Z Guy, H Henson, K Hadley, A Haggar, K Hainey, B Hairsine, P Haldar, I Hall, L Hall, M Halling-Brown, R Hamil, A Hancock, K Hancock, S Haq, H E Hardwick, E Hardy, T Hardy, B Hargadon, K Harrington, E Harris, P Harrison, N Hart, A Harvey, M Harvey, M Harvie, L Haslam, M Havinden-Williams, J Hawkes, N Hawkings, J Haworth, A Hayday, M Haynes, J Hazeldine, T Hazelton, L G Heaney, C Heeley, J L Heeney, M Heightman, S Heller, M Henderson, L Hesselden, M Hewitt, V Highett, T Hillman, T Hiwot, A Hoare, M Hoare, J Hockridge, P Hogarth, A Holbourn, S Holden, L Holdsworth, D Holgate, M Holland, L Holloway, K Holmes, M Holmes, B Holroyd-Hind, L Holt, A Hormis, A Hosseini, M Hotopf, K Howard, A Howell, E Hufton, A D Hughes, J Hughes, R Hughes, A Humphries, N Huneke, E Hurditch, J Hurst, M Husain, T Hussell, J Hutchinson, W Ibrahim, F Ilyas, J Ingham, L Ingram, D Ionita, K Isaacs, K Ismail, T Jackson, J Jacob, W Y James, W Jang, C Jarman, I Jarrold, H Jarvis, R Jastrub, B Jayaraman, R G Jenkins, P Jezzard, K Jiwa, C Johnson, S Johnson, D Johnston, D Jones, G Jones, H Jones, I Jones, L Jones, S Jones, S Jose, T Kabir, G Kaltsakas, V Kamwa, N Kanellakis, S Kaprowska, Z Kausar, N Keenan, S Kelly, G Kemp, S Kerr, H Kerslake, A L Key, F Khan, K Khunti, S Kilroy, B King, C King, L Kingham, J Kirk, P Kitterick, P Klenerman, L Knibbs, S Knight, A Knighton, O Kon, S Kon, S S Kon, S Koprowska, A Korszun, I Koychev, C Kurasz, P Kurupati, C Laing, H Lamlum, G Landers, C Langenberg, D Lasserson, L Lavelle-Langham, A Lawrie, C Lawson, A Layton, A Lea, D Lee, J-H Lee, E Lee, K Leitch, R Lenagh, D Lewis, J Lewis, V Lewis, N Lewis-Burke, X Li, T Light, L Lightstone, W Lilaonitkul, L Lim, S Linford, A Lingford-Hughes, M Lipman, K Liyanage, A Lloyd, S Logan, D Lomas, R Loosley, J M Lord, H Lota, W Lovegrove, A Lucey, E Lukaschuk, A Lye, C Lynch, S MacDonald, G MacGowan, I Macharia, J Mackie, L Macliver, S Madathil, G Madzamba, N Magee, M M Magtoto, N Mairs, N Majeed, E Major, F Malein, M Malim, G Mallison, S Mandal, K Mangion, C Manisty, R Manley, K March, S Marciniak, P Marino, M Mariveles, E Marouzet, S Marsh, B Marshall, M Marshall, J Martin, A Martineau, L M Martinez, N Maskell, D Matila, W Matimba-Mupaya, L Matthews, A Mbuyisa, S McAdoo, H McAllister-Williams, A McArdle, P McArdle, D McAulay, G P McCann, J McCormick, W McCormick, P McCourt, L McGarvey, C McGhee, K Mcgee, J McGinness, K McGlynn, A McGovern, H McGuinness, I B McInnes, J McIntosh, E McIvor, K McIvor, L McLeavey, A McMahon, M J McMahon, L McMorrow, T Mcnally, M McNarry, J McNeill, A McQueen, H McShane, C Mears, C Megson, S Megson, P Mehta, J Meiring, L Melling, M Mencias, D Menzies, M Merida Morillas, A Michael, C Miller, L Milligan, C Mills, G Mills, N L Mills, L Milner, S Misra, J Mitchell, A Mohamed, N Mohamed, S Mohammed, W Monteiro, S Moriera, A Morley, L Morrison, R Morriss, A Morrow, A J Moss, P Moss, K Motohashi, N Msimanga, E Mukaetova-Ladinska, U Munawar, J Murira, U Nanda, H Nassa, M Nasseri, A Neal, R Needham, P Neill, S Neubauer, D E Newby, H Newell, T Newman, J Newman, A Newton-Cox, T Nicholson, D Nicoll, A Nikolaidis, C M Nolan, M J Noonan, C Norman, P Novotny, J Nunag, L Nwafor, U Nwanguma, J Nyaboko, C O'Brien, K O'Donnell, D O'Regan, L O'Brien, N Odell, G Ogg, O Olaosebikan, C Oliver, Z Omar, P J M Openshaw, L Orriss-Dib, L Osborne, R Osbourne, M Ostermann, C Overton, J Owen, J Oxton, J Pack, E Pacpaco, S Paddick, S Painter, A Pakzad, S Palmer, P Papineni, K Paques, K Paradowski, M Pareek, D Parekh, H Parfrey, C Pariante, S Parker, M Parkes, J Parmar, S Patale, M Patel, S Patel, D Pattenadk, M Pavlides, S Payne, L Pearce, J E Pearl, D Peckham, J Pendlebury, Y Peng, C Pennington, I Peralta, E Perkins, Z Peterkin, T Peto, N Petousi, J Petrie, P Pfeffer, J Phipps, J Pimm, R Pius, H Plant, S Plein, M Plowright, O Polgar, L Poll, J Porter, S Portukhay, N Powell, A Prabhu, J Pratt, A Price, C Price, D Price, L Price, A Prickett, J Propescu, S Prosper, S Pugmire, S Quaid, J Quigley, J Quint, H Qureshi, I N Qureshi, K Radhakrishnan, N M Rahman, M Ralser, A Ramos, H Ramos, J Rangeley, B Rangelov, L Ratcliffe, P Ravencroft, A Reddington, R Reddy, A Reddy, H Redfearn, D Redwood, A Reed, M Rees, T Rees, K Regan, W Reynolds, C Ribeiro, A Richards, E Richardson, K Roberts, E Robertson, E Robinson, L Robinson, L Roche, C Roddis, J Rodger, A Ross, G Ross, J Rossdale, A Rostron, A Rowe, A Rowland, J Rowland, M J Rowland, K Roy, M Roy, I Rudan, R Russell, E Russell, G Saalmink, R Sabit, E K Sage, T Samakomva, N Samani, C Sampson, K Samuel, R Samuel, A Sanderson, E Sapey, D Saralaya, J Sargent, C Sarginson, T Sass, N Sattar, K Saunders, P Saunders, L C Saunders, H Savill, W Saxon, A Sayer, J Schronce, W Schwaeble, K Scott, N Selby, M G Semple, T A Sewell, K Shah, P Shah, M Shankar-Hari, M Sharma, C Sharpe, M Sharpe, S Shashaa, A Shaw, K Shaw, V Shaw, A Sheikh, S Shelton, L Shenton, K Shevket, J Short, S Siddique, S Siddiqui, J Sidebottom, L Sigfrid, G Simons, J Simpson, N Simpson, C Singh, D Sissons, J Skeemer, K Slack, A Smith, D Smith, S Smith, J Smith, L Smith, M Soares, T S Solano, R Solly, A R Solstice, T Soulsby, D Southern, D Sowter, M Spears, L G Spencer, F Speranza, L Stadon, S Stanel, N Steele, M Steiner, D Stensel, G Stephens, L Stephenson, M Stern, R Stimpson, S Stockdale, J Stockley, W Stoker, R Stone, W Storrar, A Storrie, K Storton, E Stringer, S Strong-Sheldrake, N Stroud, C Subbe, C L Sudlow, Z Suleiman, C Summers, C Summersgill, D Sutherland, D L Sykes, R Sykes, N Talbot, A L Tan, L Tarusan, V Tavoukjian, A Taylor, C Taylor, J Taylor, A Te, H Tedd, C J Tee, J Teixeira, H Tench, S Terry, S Thackray-Nocera, F Thaivalappil, B Thamu, D Thickett, C Thomas, D C Thomas, S Thomas, A K Thomas, T Thomas-Woods, T Thompson, A A R Thompson, T Thornton, R S Thwaites, J Tilley, N Tinker, G F Tiongson, M Tobin, J Tomlinson, C Tong, M Toshner, R Touyz, K A Tripp, E Tunnicliffe, A Turnbull, E Turner, S Turner, V Turner, K Turner, S Turney, L Turtle, H Turton, J Ugoji, R Ugwuoke, R Upthegrove, J Valabhji, M Ventura, J Vere, C Vickers, B Vinson, E Wade, P Wade, T Wainwright, L O Wajero, S Walder, S Walker, E Wall, T Wallis, S Walmsley, J A Walsh, S Walsh, L Warburton, T J C Ward, K Warwick, H Wassall, S Waterson, E Watson, L Watson, J Watson, J Weir McCall, C Welch, H Welch, B Welsh, S Wessely, S West, H Weston, H Wheeler, S White, V Whitehead, J Whitney, S Whittaker, B Whittam, V Whitworth, A Wight, J M Wild, M Wilkins, D Wilkinson, B Williams, N Williams, J Williams, S A Williams-Howard, M Willicombe, G Willis, J Willoughby, A Wilson, D Wilson, I Wilson, N Window, M Witham, R Wolf-Roberts, C Wood, F Woodhead, J Woods, J Wormleighton, J Worsley, D Wraith, C Wrey Brown, C Wright, L Wright, S Wright, J Wyles, I Wynter, M Xu, N Yasmin, S Yasmin, K P Yip, B Young, S Young, A Young, A J Yousuf, A Zawia, L Zeidan, B Zhao, B Zheng, O Zongo, Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, PHOSP-COVID Study Collaborative Group, and Group, PHOSP-COVID Study Collaborative
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, PHOSP-COVID Study Collaborative Group
Abstract: Data sharing: The PHOSP-COVID study protocol, consent form, definition, and derivation of clinical characteristics and outcomes, training materials, regulatory documents, information about requests for data access, and other relevant study materials are available online. UK Biobank information can be released once necessary approvals have been obtained. Other data (eg, the R code and protocol) will be made available on reasonable request to the corresponding author. Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Background: Sleep disturbance is common following hospital admission both for COVID-19 and other causes. The clinical associations of this for recovery after hospital admission are poorly understood despite sleep disturbance contributing to morbidity in other scenarios. We aimed to investigate the prevalence and nature of sleep disturbance after discharge following hospital admission for COVID-19 and to assess whether this was associated with dyspnoea. Methods: CircCOVID was a prospective multicentre cohort substudy designed to investigate the effects of circadian disruption and sleep disturbance on recovery after COVID-19 in a cohort of participants aged 18 years or older, admitted to hospital for COVID-19 in the UK, and discharged between March, 2020, and October, 2021. Participants were recruited from the Post-hospitalisation COVID-19 study (PHOSP-COVID). Follow-up data were collected at two timepoints: an early time point 2–7 months after hospital discharge and a later time point 10–14 months after hospital discharge. Sleep quality was assessed subjectively using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire and a numerical rating scale. Sleep quality was also assessed with an accelerometer worn on the wrist (actigraphy) for 14 days. Participants were also clinically phenotyped, including assessment of symptoms (ie, anxiety [Generalised Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale questionnaire], muscle function [SARC-F questionnaire], dyspnoea [Dyspnoea-12 questionnaire] and measurement of lung function), at the early timepoint after discharge. Actigraphy results were also compared to a matched UK Biobank cohort (non-hospitalised individuals and recently hospitalised individuals). Multivariable linear regression was used to define associations of sleep disturbance with the primary outcome of breathlessness and the other clinical symptoms. PHOSP-COVID is registered on the ISRCTN Registry (ISRCTN10980107). Findings: 2320 of 2468 participants in the PHOSP-COVID study attended an early timepoint research visit a median of 5 months (IQR 4–6) following discharge from 83 hospitals in the UK. Data for sleep quality were assessed by subjective measures (the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire and the numerical rating scale) for 638 participants at the early time point. Sleep quality was also assessed using device-based measures (actigraphy) a median of 7 months (IQR 5–8 months) after discharge from hospital for 729 participants. After discharge from hospital, the majority (396 [62%] of 638) of participants who had been admitted to hospital for COVID-19 reported poor sleep quality in response to the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire. A comparable proportion (338 [53%] of 638) of participants felt their sleep quality had deteriorated following discharge after COVID-19 admission, as assessed by the numerical rating scale. Device-based measurements were compared to an age-matched, sex-matched, BMI-matched, and time from discharge-matched UK Biobank cohort who had recently been admitted to hospital. Compared to the recently hospitalised matched UK Biobank cohort, participants in our study slept on average 65 min (95% CI 59 to 71) longer, had a lower sleep regularity index (–19%; 95% CI –20 to –16), and a lower sleep efficiency (3·83 percentage points; 95% CI 3·40 to 4·26). Similar results were obtained when comparisons were made with the non-hospitalised UK Biobank cohort. Overall sleep quality (unadjusted effect estimate 3·94; 95% CI 2·78 to 5·10), deterioration in sleep quality following hospital admission (3·00; 1·82 to 4·28), and sleep regularity (4·38; 2·10 to 6·65) were associated with higher dyspnoea scores. Poor sleep quality, deterioration in sleep quality, and sleep regularity were also associated with impaired lung function, as assessed by forced vital capacity. Depending on the sleep metric, anxiety mediated 18–39% of the effect of sleep disturbance on dyspnoea, while muscle weakness mediated 27–41% of this effect. Interpretation: Sleep disturbance following hospital admission for COVID-19 is associated with dyspnoea, anxiety, and muscle weakness. Due to the association with multiple symptoms, targeting sleep disturbance might be beneficial in treating the post-COVID-19 condition. Funding: UK Research and Innovation, National Institute for Health Research, and Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council. UK Research and Innovation, National Institute for Health Research, and Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council.
Published: 2023

38. Conduction Mechanism and Photo-Electrochemical Performance of Copper Iodide Hole Transport Material-Based Perovskite Solar Cell

Author: Monika Srivastava, Mustafa A. Alheity, M. Z. A. Yahya, R. C. Singh, and Sirin Siyahjani Gültekin
Subjects: Materials Chemistry, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Published: 2023

39. Determination of Maize (Zea mays L.) Hybrids under Agro-climatic Conditions of Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India

Author: A. C. Singh, Shruti Grace George, Vikram Singh, and Prince Jose
Subjects: Materials Chemistry
Abstract: Worldwide Maize (Zea mays L.) is referred to as the “Miracle Crop” due to its high genetic yield potential compared to other Gramineae family members. Hybridization plays a vital role in boosting the production and productivity of maize, which is crucial for mitigating food insecurity in developing countries. To find out the best hybrid among the maize hybrids, a field experiment was conducted during the kharif season of 2021 at the experimental field of the Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India. The study was conducted for “Evaluation of Maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids under agro-climatic conditions of Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh”. The experiment was done on 10 maize Hybrids. It was carried out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. The report of the study indicates that among different maize Hybrids, UM-12 produced significantly higher plant height (217.05 cm), number of leaves per plant (12.80), dry weight per plant (151.25 g), cob length (16.62 cm), number of rows per cob (14.80), number of grains per row (31.73), seed yield (8.27 t/ha) and stover yield (20.50 t/ha). Hence, it can be concluded that the Maize hybrid UM-12 was found to be the most suitable, productive and economical for the agroclimatic conditions of Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh.
Published: 2022

40. Unravelling the emerging threats of microplastics to agroecosystems

Author: Shweta Yadav, Ekta Gupta, Anju Patel, Suchi Srivastava, Virendra Kumar Mishra, Poonam C. Singh, Pankaj Kumar Srivastava, and Saroj Kanta Barik
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, Pollution, Waste Management and Disposal, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
Published: 2022

41. Effect of Plant Growth Regulators and Spacing on Growth and Yield of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

Author: A. C. Singh, Shruthi Grace George, Vikram Singh, and Kampally Mary Varshitha
Subjects: Materials Chemistry
Abstract: Background: Chickpea is leguminous crop, which offers a good nutrition to people across the world. As a rich source of vitamins, minerals, and fiber, chickpeas may offer a variety of health benefits, such as aiding weight management, improving digestion, and reducing your risk of disease. Objectives: To evaluate the effect of Plant growth regulators and spacing in growth and yield of Chickpea. Methods: With the goal of studying the effect of plant growth regulators and spacing on growth and yield of Chickpea under a Randomized block design with 9 treatments (T1-T9) The experimental results revealed that GA3@10ppm+30cmx10cm produced maximum plant height (56.84), plant dry weight (17.45g/plant) no of nodules per plant (23.33) and yield parameters no of pods per plant (65.50) no of seeds per pod (1.84) seed yield (2.07 ta/ha) and stover yield (3.11ta /ha). Conclusion: The combination of GA3@10ppm and 30cmx10cm proved to be the most advantageous to farmers, resulting in 56.84cm plant height, 17.45-gm plant dry weight, no of nodules per plant (23.33) and yield parameters no of pods per plant (65.50) no of seeds per pod (1.84) seed yield (2.07 ta/ha) and stover yield (3.11ta /ha), respectively.
Published: 2022

42. Synergistic action of Trichoderma koningiopsis and T. asperellum mitigates salt stress in paddy

Author: Anshu Anshu, Pallavi Agarwal, Kumkum Mishra, Udit Yadav, Isha Verma, Soni Chauhan, Pankaj Kumar Srivastava, and Poonam C. Singh
Subjects: Physiology, Plant Science, Molecular Biology
Published: 2022

43. Investigation of Nano-Al2O3 and Micro-coconut Shell Ash (CSA) Reinforced AA7075 Hybrid Metal–Matrix Composite Using Two-Stage Stir Casting

Author: Ashish Kumar, R. C. Singh, and Rajiv Chaudhary
Subjects: Multidisciplinary
Published: 2022

44. Ultra-thin overcoats for the head/disk interface tribology

Author: Bhatia, C. Singh
Subjects: advanced light source als advanced light source als
Published: 1997

45. IDENTITIES OF A GENERAL MULTIPLE HURWITZ-LERCH ZETA FUNCTION AND APPLICATIONS

Author: Chandel, R. C. Singh, primary, Pathan, M. A., additional, and Kumar, Hemant, additional
Published: 2023
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46. SILICOSIS: A CURSE THAT NEEDS IDENTIFICATION

Author: C. Singh, Suresh, primary, Yadav, Pankaj, additional, Kumar, Awadesh, additional, Kumar, Arun, additional, S. Bhoj, Harendra, additional, Gupta, Amit, additional, Verma, Amit, additional, K. Singh, Harsh, additional, Mishra, Sonal, additional, and P. Sinha, Rajeshwar, additional
Published: 2023
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47. Performance of Broiler Chickens Fed Low Protein, Limiting Amino Acid Supplemented Diets Formulated Either on Total or Standardized Ileal Digestible Amino Acid Basis

Author: C. Basavanta Kumar, R. G. Gloridoss, K. C. Singh, T. M. Prabhu, and B. N. Suresh
Subjects: Broiler Chicken, De-oiled Rice Bran, Growth Performance, Limiting Amino Acids, Low Protein Diets, Standardized Ileal Digestible Amino Acids, Animal culture, SF1-1100, Animal biochemistry, QP501-801
Abstract: The aim of present experiment was to investigate the effect of protein reduction in commercial broiler chicken rations with incorporation of de-oiled rice bran (DORB) and supplementation of limiting amino acids (valine, isoleucine, and/or tryptophan) with ration formulation either on total amino acid (TAA) or standardized ileal digestible amino acids (SIDAA). The experimental design consisted of T1, TAA control; T2 and T3, 0.75% and 1.5% protein reduction by 3% and 6% DORB incorporation, respectively by replacing soybean meal with supplemental limiting amino acids to meet TAA requirement; T4, SIDAA control, T5 and T6, 0.75% and 1.5% protein reduction by DORB incorporation (3% and 6%) with supplemental limiting amino acids on SIDAA basis. A total of 360 d-old fast growing broiler chicks (Vencobb-400) were divided into 36 homogenous groups of ten chicks each, and six dietary treatments described were allocated randomly with six replications. During 42 days trial, the feed intake was significantly (p
Published: 2016
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48. Properties of Vacuum Arc Deposited Amorphous Hard Carbon Films

Author: Anders, S., Anders, Andre, Bhatia, C. Singh, Raoux, S., Schneider, D., Ager, J.W., and Brown, I.G.
Published: 1995

49. Trichoderma ‐primed rice straw alters structural and functional properties of sodic soil

Author: Poonam C. Singh, Shashank Mishra, Suchi Srivastava, Ashmita Tandon, Anshu Anshu, Sanjeev Kumar, Manjoosha Srivastava, Lal Bahadur, Pankaj Srivastava, S.K. Tewari, Udit Yadav, Puneet Singh Chauhan, and Pramod A. Shirke
Subjects: biology, Chemistry, Soil Science, Sodic soil, Rice straw, Soil carbon, Development, biology.organism_classification, Trichoderma asperellum, Soil structure, Agronomy, Trichoderma, Environmental Chemistry, Trichoderma koningiopsis, General Environmental Science
Published: 2022

50. Effect of Different Plant Growth Regulators on Seed Germination and Growth Performance of China aster (Callistephus chinensis (L.) Nees) var. Kamini

Author: Rekha Bhandari, Mamta Bohra, K. C. Singh, and Anand Singh Bisht
Abstract: The present investigation was conducted to establish a protocol for studying the seed germination and growth performance of China aster var. Kamini at varied concentrations of plant growth regulators GA3 (100ppm, 200ppm and 300ppm), NAA (100ppm, 200ppm and 300ppm), IBA (100ppm, 200ppm and 300ppm) and IAA (100ppm, 200ppm and 300ppm) in the Floriculture and Landscaping Block of College of Horticulture, Veer Chandra Singh Garhwali, Uttarakhand University of Horticulture and Forestry, Bharsar, Pauri Garhwal (Uttarakhand) during 2021. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design and each treatment was replicated thrice. The seeds were sown in pots of size 15 cm × 15 cm (length and diameter). Among the various concentrations used GA3 @200 ppm showed the best germination per cent (93.33±3.52 %) in lab condition and GA3 @ 300 ppm showed best germination per cent (94.00±0.57%) in field condition. In GA3 @ 300 ppm observed best result in plant height (55.16±0.36cm), plant spread (12.60±0.19 cm), number of primary branches (11.77±0.40), number of secondary branches (15.66±0.50) and number of leaves per plant (148.00±2.72). In GA3 @ 300 ppm revealed the best result in bud initiation in plant (162.00±0.19), bud showing colour (166.29±0.66), days of first flower opening (174.00±0.19), 50 % flowering (176.33±0.50), days of complete flowering (185.22±0.29), flower diameter (6.36±0.17), stalk length (33.03±0.93), number of flowers per plant (20.22±0.40), and weight of flower (3.41±0.12). In treatment IAA @ 300 ppm showed best result in vase life (10.77±0.72) of flower and in NAA @ 300 ppm showed best result in shelf life (6.33±0.19) of flowers. Thus, it can be concluded that in treatment GA3 @ 200 ppm was found effective in seed germination. For best vegetative and flowering growth, the treatment containing GA3 @ 300 ppm was found best. However, NAA @ 300 ppm was found effective for enhancing shelf life of the flower. Similarly, IAA @ 300 ppm was found suitable for increased vase life of China aster.
Published: 2022

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