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1. CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM INVOLVEMENT IN AGGRESSIVE ATLL: CAN WE PREDICT THE RISK IN A DEVASTATING COMPLICATION? EPIDEMIOLOGY AND CLINICAL FEATURES FROM LATIN AMERICA. A COLLABORATIVE STUDY FROM GRUPO DE ESTUDIO LATINO-AMERICANO DE LINFOPROLIFERATIVO (GELL) & T-CELL BRAZIL PROJECT (TCBP)

Author

N Zing, T Fischer, E Miranda, Y Gonzaga, MA Dias, RLR Baptista, G Duffles, R Schaffel, FL Nogueira, D Bortucchi, RSA Silva, SAB Brasil, KZ Cecyn, VLP Figueiredo, NS Castro, YS Rabelo, GFS Barros, A Hallack-Neto, PPG Radtke, MALHM Conhalato, DV Clé, J Pereira, F Barroso, RR Sousa, H Quintero, D Castro, B Beltran, D Enriquez, J Vasquez, C Roche, D Artiles, F Valvert, L Villela, C Oliver, L Korin, C Pena, M Roa, MAT Viera, AV Glasenapp, A Quiroz, CS Figari, R Rios, S Paredes, EE Saul, C Bermack, K Meza, B Valcarcel, CA Souza, L Malpica, and CS Chiattone

Subjects
Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs, RC633-647.5
Abstract

Introduction: Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is a mature, peripheral T-cell neoplasm caused by HTLV-1 and its lifetime risk is estimated as 4-7% among HTLV-1 carriers. Acute and lymphoma subtypes are highly aggressive diseases, characterized by shorter survival rates and a high risk of central nervous system involvement (iCNS) compared to other peripheral T-cell lymphomas. Currently, the treatment of ATLL remains a challenging. Our recent study on PTCL epidemiology and outcomes in Latin America (Thais et al. 2023 ASH Meeting) highlighted ATLL (18%) as the second most frequent subtype of PTCL, likely influenced by our distinct viral epidemiology. Objective: It is to assess the prevalence, clinical features, risk factors, and outcomes of iCNS in ATLL in Latin America. Methodology: Patients (pts) aged ≥18 years with newly diagnosed ATLL from GELL (n = 208, 2000-2023, retrospective) and TCBP (n = 83, 2015-2022, ambispective). Overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS) were our endpoints. REDcap Platform (by Vanderbilt) was used to collect and store data, whereas for statistical analysis IBM-SPSS v.24. This trial is registered at Clinical trials (NCT03207789). Results: It was enrolled 291 pts, the prevalence of iCNS in ATLL was 7.9% (23/291), considering only aggressive forms (acute 40% and 60% lymphomatous). Pts'characteristics were similar between those without and with iCNS. There was a high frequency of advanced stage (90% vs 82%); ECOG ≥ 2 (45% vs 43%); B symptoms (74% vs 56%); elevated LDH (84% vs 78%); and IPI ≥3 (82% vs 65%) in the iCNS group. Treatment was heterogeneous including: IFN+AZT (74%) for acute subtypes, and CHOP (52%), CHOEP (26%) and EPOCH (2%), for lymphoma subtypes. Less than 30% of both groups achieved complete response at end of first treatment. Two clinical features were identified as possibly associated to iCNS: median age at diagnosis (55 [20-95] vs 44 [23-65]; p < 0.0001) and extra nodal involvement ≥ 2 (32% vs 65%, p = 0.005). The entire cohort of ATLL had 60- month OS and PFS of 16% [95% CI: 12-20%] and 9% [95% CI: 5-13%]; with median time of OS and PFS of 7 months (6-9) and 5 months (4-6). iCNS did not have an impact on survival outcomes (60 months OS 14% iCNS (n = 23) vs 16% no iCNS (n = 254), p = 0.91; PFS 12% vs 9% no iCNS, p = 0.61;) despite being a devastating complication. Outcomes in pts with lymphoma subtypes were slightly better than acute (60 months OS 19% vs 10%, p < 0.0001; PFS 12% vs 5%, p < 0.0001, respectively). Conclusion: Unlike other lymphoma subtypes, iCNS in ATLL does not appear to significantly impact outcomes. This paradoxical finding underscores the complexity of ATLL and may reflect the limitations of existing treatment options and the absence of standardized therapeutic protocols for this aggressive malignancy. The lack of significant survival difference, despite the severity of iCNS, points to an urgent need for innovative therapies and more effective treatment strategies. Our analysis identified median age at diagnosis and extranodal involvement as potential risk factors for iCNS, suggesting avenues for future prospective studies to further elucidate their role in disease progression. Given the high prevalence of ATLL in Latin America, there is a unique opportunity to advance our understanding of this disease through region-specific research. Collaborative efforts in this region could pave the way for breakthroughs in the management of ATLL and potentially offer insights applicable on a global scale.

Published
2024
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2. THE NUMBER OF EXTRANODAL SITES IN NODAL PTCL: A PROPOSAL FOR A FEASIBLE PROGNOSTIC MARKER FOR OUTCOMES IN LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES. A COLLABORATIVE STUDY GRUPO DE ESTUDIO LATINO-AMERICANO DE LINFOPROLIFERATIVO (GELL) & T-CELL BRAZIL PROJECT (TCBP)

Author

T Fischer, E Miranda, J Pereira, G Duffles, JV Tavares, NS Castro, RSA Silva, DLC Farias, SAB Brasil, CCG Macedo, C Colaço, RLR Baptista, KZ Cecyn, D Bortucchi, GFS Barros, S Nabhan, PPG Radtke, R Schaffel, N Zing, FL Nogueira, AD Cunha-Junior, DV Clé, JTDS Filho, VLP Figueiredo, MD Pont, R Gaiolla, N Hamerschlak, EFO Ribeiro, A Hallack-Neto, MA Dias, Y Gonzaga, YS Rabelo, L Teixeira, G Perini, MALHM Conhalato, P Cury, H Idrobo, D Castro, B Beltran, D Enriquez, J Vasquez, C Roche, D Artiles, F Valvert, L Villela, C Oliver, L Korin, C Pena, M Roa, MAT Viera, AV Gasenapp, A Quiroz, CS Figari, R Rios, S Paredes, EE Saul, C Bermack, K Meza, B Valcarcel, CA Souza, L Malpica, and CS Chiattone

Subjects
Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs, RC633-647.5
Abstract

Introduction: PTCL accounts for 10-15% of all NHL. As previously demonstrated, Latin America has its own epidemiological distribution, with a high frequency of ATLL and ENKT, likely influenced by distinct genetic profiles and viral epidemiology. 3-year OS is about 40%. Treatment advances have also been limited, except for BV-CHP in some countries. The IPI, which includes extranodal (EN) site as a variable, has been validated for PTCL. However, the specific impact of EN involvement on nodal PTCL (such as PTCL-NOS, AIT, ALCL ALK+/ALK-) and its biological implications remain unclear. Simplification could improve the reproducibility and applicability of these models, especially in low-income countries. Objective: To evaluate number of EN sites in nodal PTCL lymphomas as a risk factors or surrogate for outcomes, as OS and PFS in Latin America cohort. Methodology: Patients (pts) aged ≥18 years with newly diagnosed nodal PTCL-NOS, AITL and ALCL ALK+/ALK-) from GELL (n = 339, 2000-2023, retrospective), TCBP (n = 427, 2015-2022, ambispective). Treatment outcome was determined by OS and PFS. REDcap Platform (by Vanderbilt) was used to collect and store data, whereas statistical analysis the IBM-SPSS v.24. This trial is registered at Clinical trials (NCT03207789). Results: 766 pts [427pts - TCBP and 339 - GELL] diagnosed with nodal PTCL were grouped according to the number of EN: no EN involvement (No EN - 383); one EN involvement (EN1 -168); and 32 (EN2 - 215). Considering all, 61% male; median age 56 y/o; 74% were staged III/IV; 69% IPI 32; 60% was PTCL-NOS, 19% ALCL ALK- and 12% AITL. 61% had B symptoms and 55% elevated LDH. CHOEP was used in 47% and 34% CHOP, and 47% achieved CR after first line; 16% used transplant as consolidation. No EN, EN1 and EN2 were similar regarding clinical characteristics, except, for stage III/IV (58% vs. 79% vs 96%; p < .0001); IPI 32 (58% vs. 59% vs. 99%; p < .0001); ECOG>1 (58% vs. 92% vs. 99%; p < .0001); BMO involvement (16% vs. 24% vs. 63%%; p

Published
2024
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3. EPIDEMIOLOGY, CLINICAL FEATURES AND OUTCOMES OF PERIPHERAL T-CELL LYMPHOMA IN LATIN AMERICA

Author

T Fischer, H Idrobo, A Pavlovsky, D Castro, B Beltran, DJ Enriquez, JF Vasquez, C Roche, D Artiles, F Valvert, LM Villela, J Pereira, C Oliver, JV Tavares, SAB Brasil, KZ Cecyn, N Castro, RLR Baptista, SS Medina, DMM Borducchi, M Bellesso, DLC Farias, YB Gonzaga, F Warley, L Fiad, L Korin, PH Pereyra, C Pena, MA Torres, CV Mahuad, AV Glasenapp, AR Quiroz, R Gazitua, CA Samane-Figari, L Sardu, JP Arriola, S Isnardi, JL Maradei, RH Gabus, AI Enrico, LA Guanchiale, FN Arangueren, JIG Altuve, A Cerutti, R Penalva, JIG Trucco, F Pessolani, V Gilli, J Diaz, ME Martinez, G Jarchum, GC Perinotto, T Barraza, S Ciarlo, C Rojas, ROR Jiménez, CA Souza, ECM Miranda, M Federico, B Valcarcel, CS Chiattone, and LEM Castillo

Subjects
Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs, RC633-647.5
Abstract

Objective: To assess the distribution of Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCL) across Latin America (LATAM) countries and report treatment outcomes. Methods: Patients aged ≥18 years with newly diagnosed PTCL from the retrospective registry of the Grupo de Estudio Latinoamericano de Linfoproliferativos (GELL, n = 988, 1975-2023), T-cell Brazil Project (Brazilian TCP, ambispective registry 2015-2023, 593 cases) and the prospective International T cell Project (ITCP, n = 529, 2006-2023). Survival data was available from the GELL and Brazilian TCP. Overall survival (OS) was from diagnosis to death from any cause, while progression-free survival (PFS) was diagnosis to relapse, progression, or death from any cause and it was applied Kaplan-Meier method and Log-rank test. Discussion: Previous studies evaluating the distribution of PTCL subtypes across (LATAM) were limited in their representation of most countries in the region, however, now it was conducted an international pooled analysis and 11 countries of LATAM had enrolled. Besides that, a lack of standardized management for several subtypes and the absence of comprehensive lymphoma registries in LATAM suggests exploring real-world treatment patterns and clinical outcomes. Results: a total of 2110 pts from 11 LATAM countries were enrolled. Overall, the median age at dx was 54 years (18-95), 59% male, 67% had advanced stage disease and 29% had ECOG >1. The most frequently diagnosed PTCL subtypes was 39% PTCL not otherwise specified (NOS), 18% adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) and 16% extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma (ENKTL). Peru had a higher prevalence of ATL (39%) and ENKTL (43%) was frequently diagnosed in Central America. In contrast, ALK-negative (ALK-) anaplastic large T-cell lymphoma (ALCL) was the second in Brazil (18%), Chile (16%) and Argentina (9%); T-cell NOS was 28% in Chile and 27% in Argentina. First-line chemotherapy (CT) varied across subtypes and 77% received CT. Pts with ENKTL were frequently treated with asparaginase/platinum-based therapy (62%), while CHOP was used for ATL or PTCL NOS (46% for both). CT with CHOEP/EPOCH was used with ALK- ALCL (45%), ALK+ (47%), or AITL (48%). A median follow-up of 33 months, the 3-year OS and PFS were 40% and 30%, respectively. ALK+ ALCL had superior survival, with 77% OS and 73% of PFS. The ENKTL was 48% of OS and 45% PFS. Pts with ATL had the lowest survival rates (23% OS and 16% PFS). The use of asparaginase/platinum or CHOP-based therapy was associated with superior 3-year OS (61% and 52%, respectively; p = 0.011) and PFS (57% and 49%, respectively; p = 0.017) among pts with ENKTL. For ATL, the use of CHOEP/EPOCH was associated with improved 3-year OS (21%, p = 0.009) and PFS (15%, p = 0.024). Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the largest pooled cohort of PTCL subtypes across LATAM. Our findings suggest a distinct distribution of PTCL subtypes, with a higher prevalence of ATL and ENKTL compared to the epidemiological patterns in Western countries. The relatively high percentage of PTCL-NOS suggests difficulties in providing specific lymphoma diagnoses in the region. The low survival rates for some subtypes indicate the need to develop novel therapies to improve patient outcomes. A larger prospective assessment of PTCL epidemiology and treatment outcomes is being planned to expand the ascertainment of cases, improve pathological classification of the different PTCL subtypes, and validate our results in the LATAM region.

Published
2023
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4. Linking variation in planktonic primary production to coral reef fish growth and condition

Author

Ronan C. Roche, Adel Heenan, Brett M. Taylor, Jill N. Schwarz, Michael D. Fox, Lucy K. Southworth, Gareth J. Williams, and John R. Turner

Subjects
primary production, coral reef fish, carbon, nitrogen, stable isotope analysis, pelagic energetic subsidies, Science
Abstract

Within low-nutrient tropical oceans, islands and atolls with higher primary production support higher fish biomass and reef organism abundance. External energy subsidies can be delivered onto reefs via a range of physical mechanisms. However, the influence of spatial variation in primary production on reef fish growth and condition is largely unknown. It is not yet clear how energy subsidies interact with reef depth and slope. Here we test the hypothesis that with increased proximity to deep-water oceanic nutrient sources, or at sites with shallower reef slopes, parameters of fish growth and condition will be higher. Contrary to expectations, we found no association between fish growth rate and sites with higher mean chlorophyll-a values. There were no differences in fish δ15N or δ13C values between depths. The relationship between fish condition and primary production was influenced by depth, driven by increased fish condition at shallow depths within a primary production ‘hotspot’ site. Carbon δ13C was depleted with increasing primary production, and interacted with reef slope. Our results indicate that variable primary production did not influence growth rates in planktivorous Chromis fieldi within 10–17.5 m depth, but show site-specific variation in reef physical characteristics influencing fish carbon isotopic composition.

Published
2022
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5. SARS2 simplified scores to estimate risk of hospitalization and death among patients with COVID-19

Author

Hesam Dashti, Elise C. Roche, David William Bates, Samia Mora, and Olga Demler

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract Although models have been developed for predicting severity of COVID-19 from the medical history of patients, simplified models with good accuracy could be more practical. In this study, we examined utility of simpler models for estimating risk of hospitalization of patients with COVID-19 and mortality of these patients based on demographic characteristics (sex, age, race, median household income based on zip code) and smoking status of 12,347 patients who tested positive at Mass General Brigham centers. The corresponding electronic records were queried (02/26–07/14/2020) to construct derivation and validation cohorts. The derivation cohort was used to fit generalized linear models for estimating risk of hospitalization within 30 days of COVID-19 diagnosis and mortality within approximately 3 months for the hospitalized patients. In the validation cohort, the model resulted in c-statistics of 0.77 [95% CI 0.73–0.80] for hospitalization, and 0.84 [95% CI 0.74–0.94] for mortality among hospitalized patients. Higher risk was associated with older age, male sex, Black ethnicity, lower socioeconomic status, and current/past smoking status. The models can be applied to predict the absolute risks of hospitalization and mortality, and could aid in individualizing the decision making when detailed medical history of patients is not readily available.

Published
2021
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7. Densification des boues activées par hydrocyclones – impact de la granulation partielle sur les performances de traitement

Author

S. GILLOT, Y. FAYOLLE, and C. ROCHE

Subjects
Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes, Ocean Engineering, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Water Science and Technology
Abstract

Pour traiter les eaux résiduaires, le procédé à boues activées conventionnel reste le plus utilisé dans les pays industrialisés. Ce procédé peut être intensifié en densifiant la biomasse épuratoire. L’installation d’hydrocyclones sur la boucle d’extraction des boues, créant une pression de sélection des particules les plus denses, est l’une des méthodes de densification employées. L’objectif de cet article est d’analyser le fonctionnement d’une file de traitement par boues activées de la station d’épuration de Dijon, équipée d’une batterie d’hydrocyclones. Les performances obtenues ont été comparées à celles d’une file témoin. Les résultats montrent la nette amélioration de la capacité des boues à décanter de la file densifiée, et le maintien d’un indice de boues inférieur à 100 mL/g, même en début de période hivernale habituellement accompagné d’un foisonnement filamenteux. Les performances de traitement sur les deux files sont similaires pour le traitement du carbone. La file densifiée montre un fléchissement du flux nitrifié, lié à une limitation de l’apport d’oxygène. Des mesures complémentaires sont requises pour imputer cette limitation à la taille des particules, significativement plus élevée dans la file densifiée, ou à une capacité de transfert d’oxygène différente, en lien avec les modifications de comportement rhéologique observées. Ces mesures permettront également de préciser le bilan énergétique du système, en prenant en compte l’ensemble des modifications induites (puissances d’agitation et de pompage requises, notamment).

Published
2023

8. Beyond the Hot Comb: Updates in Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Treatment of Central Centrifugal Cicatricial Alopecia from 2011 to 2021

Author

Elisabeth A. George, Caneisaya Matthews, Fritzlaine C. Roche, and Susan C. Taylor

Subjects
Dermatology, General Medicine
Abstract

Central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia (CCCA) is a form of scarring alopecia that predominantly affects middle-aged women of African descent. Recent data suggest a multifactorial etiology of CCCA that is influenced by environmental and genetic factors. Emerging evidence regarding the genetic basis of the condition may elucidate new therapies. While topical and intralesional steroids and tetracycline antibiotics are the mainstay of treatment, refractory cases may be considered for hair transplantation. Emerging therapies using platelet-rich plasma, botanical formulas, and cosmetic procedures have shown promising results for the future management of CCA. As recent notable advances in CCCA have been achieved, this review provides an update on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management of CCCA.

Published
2022

11. Quality of life in patients with central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia: a preliminary study

Author

Abena Maranga, Fritzlaine C. Roche, Maryam Alausa, Tara McWilliams, David J. Margolis, Gabriella Fabbrocini, Carlo Natale Lauro, Rosanna Cataldo, Susan C. Taylor, Maranga, Abena, Roche, Fritzlaine C, Alausa, Maryam, Mcwilliams, Tara, Margolis, David J, Fabbrocini, Gabriella, Lauro, Carlo Natale, Cataldo, Rosanna, and Taylor, Susan C

Subjects
Black or African American, Cicatrix, Quality of Life, Humans, Black People, Alopecia, Dermatitis, Dermatology
Abstract

Central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia (CCCA) is a common cause of hair loss among patients of African and/or Caribbean descent, and there is little data exploring the quality of life of patients with this condition. This pilot demonstrates that CCCA has a significant impact on overall quality of life, and patients may benefit from resources to address psychosocial aspects of this diagnosis.

Published
2022

12. Concurrent Waldenstrom’s Macroglobulinemia and Myelodysplastic Syndrome with a Sequent t(10;13)(p13;q22) Translocation

Author

Peter A. DeRosa, Kyle C. Roche, Victor E. Nava, Sunita Singh, Min-Ling Liu, and Anita Agarwal

Abstract

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia (WM) are rarely synchronous. Ineffective myelopoiesis/hematopoiesis with clonal unilineage or multilineage dysplasia and cytopenias characterize MDS. Despite a myeloid origin, MDS can sometimes lead to decreased production, abnormal apoptosis or dysmaturation of B cells, and the development of lymphoma. WM includes bone marrow involvement by lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL) secreting monoclonal immunoglobulin M (IgM) with somatic mutation (L265P) of myeloid differentiation primary response 88 gene (MYD88) in 80–90%, or various mutations of C-terminal domain of the C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) gene in 20–40% of cases. A unique, progressive case of concurrent MDS and WM with several somatic mutations (some unreported before) and a novel balanced reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 10 and 13 is presented below.

Published
2022

13. Refractory Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphoma Responsive to Combination Venetoclax and Bortezomib (Velcade) (V2) Therapy

Author

Kyle C. Roche, Peter A. DeRosa, Min-Ling Liu, Victor E. Nava, and Anita Aggarwal

Abstract

Standard treatment regimens for the management of patients with refractory splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL) are currently unavailable. Here, we report a case of SMZL, which, after failing multiple therapeutics, demonstrated an impressive clinical response to combined Venetoclax and Velcade (V2), a treatment combination currently being investigated in the setting of refractory multiple myeloma. We also report a unique histopathology and mutational profile that may have important implications for the characterization and prognosis of SMZL.

Published
2022

15. Data from CRLX101, a Nanoparticle–Drug Conjugate Containing Camptothecin, Improves Rectal Cancer Chemoradiotherapy by Inhibiting DNA Repair and HIF1α

Author

Andrew Z. Wang, Scott Eliasof, Joel E. Tepper, Edward G. Garmey, Lata Jayaraman, Pauline Wu, Christian G. Peters, Kyle C. Roche, Joseph M. Caster, Henry P. Foote, Minh Nguyen, and Xi Tian

Abstract

Novel agents are needed to improve chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer. In this study, we assessed the ability of CRLX101, an investigational nanoparticle–drug conjugate containing the payload camptothecin (CPT), to improve therapeutic responses as compared with standard chemotherapy. CRLX101 was evaluated as a radiosensitizer in colorectal cancer cell lines and murine xenograft models. CRLX101 was as potent as CPT in vitro in its ability to radiosensitize cancer cells. Evaluations in vivo demonstrated that the addition of CRLX101 to standard chemoradiotherapy significantly increased therapeutic efficacy by inhibiting DNA repair and HIF1α pathway activation in tumor cells. Notably, CRLX101 was more effective than oxaliplatin at enhancing the efficacy of chemoradiotherapy, with CRLX101 and 5-fluorouracil producing the highest therapeutic efficacy. Gastrointestinal toxicity was also significantly lower for CRLX101 compared with CPT when combined with radiotherapy. Our results offer a preclinical proof of concept for CRLX101 as a modality to improve the outcome of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer treatment, in support of ongoing clinical evaluation of this agent (LCC1315 NCT02010567). Cancer Res; 77(1); 112–22. ©2016 AACR.

Published
2023

19. Topic: AS01-Diagnosis/AS01c-Molecular aberrations (cytogenetic, genetic, gene expression): PRATICAL USE OF MONOCYTE SUBSET BY FLOW CYTOMETRY AND SEQUENCING IN DIAGNOSIS AND PROGNOSIS OF CLINICAL RELEVANT MONOCYTOSIS

Author

B. Podvin, F. Dumezy, A. Boudry, L. Pascal, E. Fournier, C. Berthon, C. Roumier, H. Guermouche, B. Carpentier, V. Soenen, J. Herlem, A. Willaume, L. Fenwarth, C. Roche-Lestienne, A. Charpentier, B. Quesnel, C. Preudhomme, and N. Duployez

Subjects
Cancer Research, Oncology, Hematology
Published
2023

20. Graphic Interlude

Author

Fergus Fields, Carol M. Highsmith, Walker Evans, Samuel J. Beckett, Thomas C. Roche, Alexander Gardner, and John Collet

Subjects
unstable, photography, mutability, painting, etching, History (General) and history of Europe, English language, PE1-3729
Abstract

This graphic interlude features a selection of photographs which can illustrate the topic of this issue: “Unstable states, mutable conditions”.

Published
2017
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22. Characterization of the inflammatory features of central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia

Author

Alaina J. James, John T. Seykora, Fritzlaine C. Roche, Ata S. Moshiri, Alexandra Flamm, Susan C. Taylor, Ginikanwa Onyekaba, and Jennifer V. Nguyen

Subjects
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Histology, African descent, Dermatology, Scarring alopecia, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Outer root sheath, Article, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Cicatrix, 030207 dermatology & venereal diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Fibrosis, medicine, Humans, Retrospective Studies, integumentary system, business.industry, Alopecia, medicine.disease, Hair follicle, Epithelium, Pathophysiology, Black or African American, medicine.anatomical_structure, Langerhans Cells, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Female, business, Hair Follicle
Abstract

Central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia (CCCA) is a scarring alopecia that primarily affects women of African descent. Although histopathological features of CCCA have been described, the pathophysiology of this disease remains unclear. To better understand the components of CCCA pathophysiology, we evaluated the composition of the inflammatory infiltrate, the distribution of Langerhans cells (LCs), and the relationship between fibrosis and perifollicular vessel distribution. Our data indicate that CCCA is associated with a CD4-predominant T-cell infiltrate with increased LCs extending into the lower hair follicle. Fibroplasia associated with follicular scarring displaces blood vessels away from the outer root sheath epithelium. These data indicate that CCCA is an inflammatory scarring alopecia with unique pathophysiologic features that differentiate it from other lymphocytic scarring processes.

Published
2020

23. Atoll-dependent variation in depth zonation of benthic communities on remote reefs

Author

Laura E. Richardson, Sivajyodee Sannassy Pilly, John R. Turner, and Ronan C. Roche

Subjects
geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, Coral Reefs, Climate Change, Coral, Porites, Atoll, General Medicine, Coral reef, Aquatic Science, Anthozoa, Oceanography, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, Benthic zone, Animals, Acropora, Spatial variability, Indian Ocean, Reef, Geology
Abstract

The distribution and organisation of benthic organisms on tropical reefs are typically heterogenous yet display distinct zonation patterns across depth gradients. However, there are few datasets which inform our understanding of how depth zonation in benthic community composition varies spatially among and within different reef systems. Here, we assess the depth zonation in benthic forereef slope communities in the Central Indian Ocean, prior to the back-to-back bleaching events in 2014–2017. We compare benthic communities between shallow (5–10 m) and deep (20–25 m) sites, at two spatial scales: among and within 4 atolls. Our analyses showed the variation in both major functional groups and hard coral assemblages between depth varied among atolls, and within-atoll comparisons revealed distinct differences between shallow and deep forereef slope communities. Indicator taxa analyses characterising the hard coral community between depths revealed a higher number of coral genera characteristic of the deep forereef slopes (10) than the shallow forereef slopes (6). Only two coral genera consistently associated with both depths across all atolls, and these were Acropora and Porites. Our results reveal spatial variation in depth zonation of benthic communities, potentially driven by biophysical processes varying across depths and atolls, and provide a baseline to understand and measure the impacts of future global climate change on benthic communities across depths.

Published
2022
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24. TRREMS procedure (transanal repair of rectocele and rectal mucosectomy with one circular stapler): a prospective multicenter trial

Author

José Vinicius Cruz, Francisco Sergio P. Regadas, Sthela Maria Murad-Regadas, Lusmar Veras Rodrigues, Fernando Benicio, Rogério Leal, César G. Carvalho, Margarete Fernandes, Lucimar M. C. Roche, Antônio Carlos Miranda, Lucia Câmara, Joaquim Costa Pereira, Antonio Mallén Parra, and Vilmar Moura Leal

Subjects
Retocele, cirurgia, Mucosa intestinal, cirurgia, Prolapso retal, Incontinência fecal, Grampeamento cirúrgico, Diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology, RC799-869
Abstract

CONTEXT: Since anorectocele is usually associated with mucosa prolapse and/or rectal intussusceptions, it was developed a stapled surgical technique using one circular stapler. OBJECTIVE: To report the results of Transanal Repair of Rectocele and Rectal Mucosectomy with one Circular Stapler (TRREMS procedure) in the treatment of anorectocele with mucosa prolapse in a prospective multicenter trial. METHODS: It was conducted by 14 surgeons and included 75 female patients, mean aged 49.6 years, with symptoms of obstructed defecation due to grade 2 (26.7%) and grade 3 (73.3%) anorectocele associated with mucosa prolapse and/or rectal intussusception (52.0%) and an average validated Wexner constipation score of 16. All patients were evaluated by a proctological examination, cinedefecography, anal manometry and colonic transit time. The TRREMS procedure consists of the manual removal of the rectocele wall with circumferential rectal mucosectomy performed with a circular stapler. The mean follow-up time was 21 months. RESULTS: All patients presented obstructed defecation and they persisted with symptoms despite conservative treatment. The mean operative time was 42 minutes. In 13 (17.3%) patients, bleeding from the stapled line required hemostatic suture. Stapling was incomplete in 2 (2.6%). Forty-nine patients (65.3%) required 1 hospitalization day, the remainder (34.7%) 2 days. Postoperatively, 3 (4.0%) patients complained of persistent rectal pain and 7 (9.3%) developed stricture on the stapled suture subsequently treated by stricturectomy under anesthesia (n = 1), endoscopic stricturectomy with hot biopsy forceps (n = 3) and digital dilatation (n = 3). Postoperative cinedefecography showed residual grade I anorectoceles in 8 (10.6%). The mean Wexner constipation score decreased significantly from 16 to 4 (0-4: n = 68) (6: n = 6) (7: n = 1) (P

Published
2011
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25. Association of type 2 diabetes with central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia: A follow-up study

Author

Jasmine Harris, Fritzlaine C. Roche, Susan C. Taylor, and Temitayo Ogunleye

Subjects
Central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia, medicine.medical_specialty, 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), business.industry, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Follow up studies, Alopecia, Dermatology, Type 2 diabetes, medicine.disease, Cicatrix, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Diabetes mellitus, Humans, Medicine, business, Follow-Up Studies, Hair
Published
2022

26. Protection outcomes for fish trophic groups across a range of management regimes

Author

Melita Samoilys, Kennedy Osuka, Ronan C. Roche, Colin J. McClean, John R. Turner, and Bryce D. Stewart

Subjects
Biomass (ecology), geography, Conservation of Natural Resources, geography.geographical_feature_category, Coral Reefs, Anthropogenic Effects, fungi, Fisheries, Fishes, Coral reef, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, Pollution, Population density, Fishery, Productivity (ecology), Environmental science, Animals, Humans, Marine protected area, Ecosystem, Biomass, Relative species abundance, Trophic level
Abstract

Understanding how Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) improve conservation outcomes across anthropogenic pressures can improve the benefits derived from them. Effects of protection for coral reefs in the western and central Indian Ocean were assessed using size-spectra analysis of fish and the relationships of trophic group biomass with human population density. Length-spectra relationships quantifying the relative abundance of small and large fish (slope) and overall productivity of the system (intercept) showed inconsistent patterns with MPA protection. The results suggest that both the slopes and intercepts were significantly higher in highly and well-protected MPAs. This indicates that effective MPAs are more productive and support higher abundances of smaller fish, relative to moderately protected MPAs. Trophic group biomass spanning piscivores and herbivores, decreased with increasing human density implying restoration of fish functional structure is needed. This would require addressing fisher needs and supporting effective MPA management to secure ecosystem benefits for coastal communities.

Published
2021

27. Corticosteroid-resistant Sweet syndrome in the setting of acute myeloid leukemia with monosomy 7 and 5q deletion

Author

Fritzlaine C. Roche, Molly Plovanich, Kathleen A. Mannava, and Deborah Paul

Subjects
Chromosome 7 (human), medicine.drug_class, business.industry, Sweet Syndrome, monosomy 7, Sweet syndrome, Myeloid leukemia, Case Report, acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis, Dermatology, 5q deletion, SS, Sweet syndrome, lcsh:RL1-803, acute myeloid leukemia, AML - Acute myeloid leukemia, medicine, Cancer research, lcsh:Dermatology, 5q Deletion, Corticosteroid, business, AML, acute myeloid leukemia
Published
2020

29. The atmospheric carbon sequestration potential of man-made tidal lagoons

Author

Ronan C. Roche, Marco Piano, Hilary Kennedy, Stathys Papadimitriou, Paul Kennedy, and David Bowers

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Biogeochemical cycle, Water mass, Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere, Tidal range, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Atmospheric carbon cycle, Carbon sink, Geology, Aquatic Science, Carbon sequestration, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Environmental science, Ecosystem, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Understanding sequestration of carbon by coastal ecosystems is central to addressing the role they play in climate change mitigation. To quantify this process, accurate measurements of CO2 fluctuation, coupled with variations in residence time of coastal water-bodies are required. Nearshore ecosystems, including coastal lagoons, may provide an effective sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide, particularly those containing productive biota such as seagrass. However, the rate and pattern of carbon sequestration in seagrass meadows across a range of environmental settings is still poorly constrained. In this study, we utilize a robust physical tidal model, along with biogeochemical dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) assessment, to estimate water residence time and net sequestration of atmospheric CO2 in an intertidal lagoon containing a seagrass (Zostera noltii) meadow. Total alkalinity and pH measurements taken from advected water mass exchanged with the open ocean at inlet boundaries are used to calculate DIC and pCO2. A predictive model of hydrodynamics provides good approximation of mean water residence time to within 6 h (±3 s.d). Results indicate that during the daytime study period the lagoon is a sink for carbon, having a mean net ecosystem productivity (NEP) of 3.0 ± 0.4 mmol C m−2 hr−1. An equivalent diel NEP range of between 15.23 and −9.24 mmol C m−2 d−1 is calculated based on reported shallow water pelagic respiration rates. Moreover, approximately 4% of DIC availability occurs from atmospheric CO2 transfer to lagoon water. However, a negative diel rate of −82 ± 81 mmol C m−2 d−1 is found, assuming overnight respiration ascertained from converted Zostera noltii O2 utilization. We hypothesize that analogous regional nearshore ecosystems provide baseline study sites suitable to elucidate the carbon capture potential of planned, nearby tidal range energy schemes.

Published
2019

31. Loss of Immunoreactivity for Human Calmodulin-Like Protein is an Early Event in Breast Cancer Development

Author

Michael S. Rogers, Margaret A. Foleyt, Thomas B. Crotty, Lynn C. Hartmannt, James N. Ingle, Patrick C. Roche, and Emanuel E. Strehler

Subjects
breast cancer, calmodulin-like protein, epithelial differentiation, immunohistochemistry, tumorigenesis, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

Cell proliferation requires calmodulin, a protein that regulates calcium-dependent enzymes involved in signal transduction pathways in eukaryotic cells. Calmodulin-like protein (CLIP) is found in certain epithelial cell types, including normal breast epithelium, and, although it closely resembles calmodulin in amino acid sequence, CLIP interacts with different proteins than does calmodulin. The observation that CLIP mRNA expression is dramatically reduced in transformed breast epithelial cells led to two hypotheses: (1) CLIP helps to maintain the differentiated state in epithelial cells; and (2) downregulation of CLIP accompanies malignant transformation of breast epithelial cells. The objective of this study was to determine if the expression of CLIP in human breast cancer specimens is reduced in comparison to its expression in normal breast tissue. Eighty human breast cancer biopsy specimens were analyzed immunohistochemically for CLIP expression by using a polyclonal rabbit antihuman CLIP antibody. CLIP expression was reduced in 79% to 88% of the invasive ductal carcinoma and lobular carcinoma specimens and in a similar fraction of the ductal carcinoma in-situ specimens, compared with normal breast specimens. None of the breast cancer specimens showed an increase in CLIP expression. These findings support the hypotheses that CLIP behaves as a functional tumor suppressor protein and is downregulated early in breast cancer progression.

Published
1999
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33. Spatial and temporal scales of coral reef fish ecological research and management: a systematic map protocol

Author

Adel Heenan, Laura E. Richardson, Peter J. Lawrence, Alice Lawrence, Arielle Levine, Ronan C. Roche, Helen Ford, Farrah Powell, Lucy K. Southworth, Gareth J. Williams, Neal R. Haddaway, Claire L. Szostek, Sivajyodee Sannassy Pilly, and Lisa M. Wedding

Subjects
lcsh:GE1-350, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, Coral reef fish, Ecology (disciplines), Marine protected area, Grey literature, Coral reef, Seascape ecology, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Pollution, Evidence map, Geography, Empirical research, Spatio–temporal scale, Socio-ecological system, Scale (map), Temporal scales, Reef, lcsh:Environmental sciences, Scale mismatch
Abstract

Background Coral reefs are rapidly changing in response to local and global stressors. Research to better understand and inform the management of these stressors is burgeoning. However, in situ studies of coral reef ecology are constrained by complex logistics and limited resources. Many reef studies are also hampered by the scale-dependent nature of ecological patterns, and inferences made on causal relationships within coral reef systems are limited by the scales of observation. This is because most socio-ecological studies are conducted at scales relevant to the phenomenon of interest. However, management often occurs across a significantly broader, often geopolitical, range of scales. While there is a critical need for incisive coral reef management actions at relevant spatial and temporal scales, it remains unclear to what extent the scales of empirical study overlap with the scales at which management inferences and recommendations are made. This systematic map protocol will evaluate this potential scale mismatch with the goal of raising awareness about the significance of effectively addressing and reporting the scales at which researchers collect data and make assumptions. Methods We will use the Collaboration for Environmental Evidence (CEE) systematic mapping guidelines to identify relevant studies using a framework-based synthesis to summarise the spatial and temporal scales of coral reef fish ecology research and the scales at which management inferences or recommendations are made. Using tested predefined terms, we will search for relevant published academic and grey literature, including bibliographic databases, web-based search engines, and organisational websites. Inclusion criteria for the evidence map are empirical studies that focus on coral reef fish ecological organisation and processes, those informing management interventions and policy decisions, and management documents that cite coral reef research for management decision-making. Study results will be displayed graphically using data matrices and heat maps. This is the first attempt to systematically assess and compare the scales of socio-ecological research conducted on coral reef systems with their management.

Published
2021

34. Prevalence of diabetic and impact on cardiovascular events and mortality in patients with chronic coronary syndromes, across multiple geographical regions and ethnicities

Author

H Appeltants, C Boesch, I Cromarty, D Carretta, S Romanov, U Windstetter, F Mibach, Jens Refsgaard, S Lebedev, F Proietti, M Y Tamimi, M C Gamboa, M Novikova, E Prada, K H Sim, E Messas, E Zherlitsyna, A Kalampalikis, N Nevolina, N Trocan, J Cohen, G Szto, R Gilabert Gómez, M Omelchenko, A Pinzani, D Goodwin, J Umaran Sánchez, Kim Fox, S H Dong, K Kronberg, E Castillo Lueña, T Ignatieva, S Joubert, C Macchi, S Lee, S Eidelman, F Alizon, S Chandra, M Akbar, D M Colquhoun, G Yanes Bowden, J de Juan Baguda, M Sebastian, C Wernham, K Miedema, R La Greca, C Morton, B S Jheeta, A C Tran, T Q Do, O Rodrigues, J Yan, S H Kim, R Jurgaitienė, Jean-Claude Tardif, R Baleón, D Hay, V Hennebelle, F Fazekas, R Davies, P Gratia, L Sorodoc, S Y Wu, C Martínez Sánchez, L Lopes Antunes, T H T Pham, I Suliman, M J Gómez Martinez, A Pernat, S H Hur, M Alanazy, L Zhabina, M Stanley, J Rogers, Y J Kim, S Geffroy, L K Andersen, S Coman, V Pedrosa del Moral, Y Garaud, J Krupicka, O Dzhkha, C Paul, M Jeżewska, B Mahler Mioto, V Abduvalieva, P Morra, L Kucheryava, C La Rosa, B Chan, M Wrębiak-Trznadel, A Kozlowski, M Sharif, L López Barreiro, V Kolesnikov, M Lawrence, A Tucker, C Okawabata, B La Hay, E Sadauskienė, B K Nguyen, L Bui, A Said, M E Ruíz Esparza, R K Saran, M S C Ho, E Homs Espinach, J R Romo Santana, J Forte De Carvalho, I Pattison, H H Phan, L Baleeva, L Kisiel, A López Granados, C Raters, F Paganelli, R Haberl, A P T Wong, D Xu, R Jagathesan, L Grekhova, H Stursova, Q B Truong, P Raymond, Y Sosnova, N H Khong, J Zarauza Navarro, C Florescu, L Gorshkova, N Saaidin, E Gordillo Higuero, L Davin, I Budanova, C Lavicka, L Gruznykh, P Bogdański, A Dufka, I Arroja, H A R Tahir, G Wilson, G Kolios, S J Yoon, Simon Cattan, K Berdnik, A Serrano, B Sievers, A Rodríguez Almodóvar, L A Holden, F O'Reilly, D Verleyen, H Hafez, K Nehrig, S M Kang, S Berrisch-Rahmel, E Meyer-Michael, P Samama, L Soares, A K Nguyen, F Tuktarova, C Weytjens, E Sandoval Rodriguez, J Cheng, F M Villasenor, João Morais, B Sullivan, R Zimoląg, Albert V. Smith, S F Ding, J C Louchart, G Guardigli, R Furtak, P Azzolini, S Chushak, J L Delgado Prieto, S Kornienko, K K Sia, J H Shin, F Baylac Domengetroy, P Błaszczak, M Saade, N Černič-Šuligoj, K Coetzee, A Kadleckova, V Scollo, O Larina, R Pal, M M Singh, N Nosova, R Burns, B S Yoo, O Gukov, F Massari, V Antia, A Brattström, G Holt, M Scherbak, V Firastrau, Y J Li, E Mikhailova, L Machado Cesar, C García García, J Pjontek, C Everton Biglow, G Pes, C Brown, A Bumbu, S Felis, R Bosch, M Lazaro, Luigi Tavazzi, R Engel, I Romeo Castillejo, Y S Byun, F Matias, I Grushetskaya, C Mestre-Fernandes, T Kheliya, S Schlesingerova, G Theodorakis, I Tsamopoulos, R Pedretti, A Puente Barragán, M P Vo, B Lammens, T Carruthers, J S Bhatt, A Khodanov, N Pasechnaya, I Petrova, G Boutros, I A Khan, E Le Moal, D Garofalo, H R Malaterre, A Bahal, J F Martínez González, H N Dinh, N V Pham, C Barjhoux, I Gilmour, C Soriano Navarro, O D Chioncel, K Tóth, N Borodina, P Khanoyan, B Sevilla Toral, H H Kim, C M A Bui, C Dernedde, N Eliseeva, M Galinier, E Kosachek, M M Doohan, L Potapska, M Tennekoon, R Nourallah, L Perez De Isla, K H Chee, E Panova, D M Walker, G Glanowska, G Hua, A Silvestre, W Wang, Matthew A. Brown, B Luke, G Jarosiński, R Davis, S Cleron, C Liatas, I Orestis, M Dereń, J Sudnik, S X Zhou, J Fuertes Alonso, O Baranova, S Mingalaeva, T N Vo, K A Ngo, J A Rodríguez Fernández, R Ishmael, G Bode, K K Chan, G Al Radaideh, S Ramphall, H D Theron, V Montagud Saavedra, A Yusuf, G F Mazzanti Mignaqui, L Evtukhova, J Lorenc, D Beacock, O B Šlapikienė, F Alitto, J N Poujois, B Berzal Martín, M Felbermayer, V Mallamaci, T Spitsina, R Ramachandran, A Jánosi, V Dženkevičiūtė, S Gillam, V Joulie, G Esna Ashari, R Henry, E Durand, A Alam, V Fourchard, H Dreycopp, R Fressonnet, C Camossa, O Jerzykowska, M Castrucci, G Sinicropi, B K Goyal, V Vasylenko, R Grogono, M Partington, B Vaquette, R Blindt, Mª T Moreno Casquete, V Kukaleva, W Streb, P F Clavette, M Pérez Paredes, V Hadjiivanov, C Bundy, D E Manyari, A Wassef, J Kuchar, W Nisker, P S Bath, S Panpunnung, G H Choo, Datshana P Naidoo, Y Pavlova, R McManus, N Brand, E Davies, L Prunier, A Schenowitz, P Sternthal, T Sinotova, J Martínez Florez, R Sykulski, J Pinar Sopena, M Balbi, Y Pesant, D A Playford, C Villar Mariscal, F Redding Escalante, W Wongcharoen, O Grechishkina, A Girão, M Speth-Nitschke, K A Mahendran, A Bianco, A Vadavi, G Singh, L Petoin Peuch, L Sukhanova, A Y Y Fong, J L Vega Barbado, A Dzien, S Honorat, G Ansalone, G Kamensky, G McLaren, T B Kim, I Bratu, R Fillet, V Rogozhyna, L Nagy, M Malgina, M A Sheikh Abdul Kader, Z C Li, L Rotaru H Rus, D Adamczyk-Kot, J Estrella, S Serrano García, P Farto E Abreu, D Mescharekova, Su Thillai Vallal, P Seal, S Möller, A Cziráki, T T H Ta, S Davies, H Ge, M Arafah, M Ovize, A Olszewski, V Aboyans, C Roche, F Al Tamimi, L Popova, V Kazachkova, R Rennert, J Aubry, G Bourgeois, J Mackrell, F Al Kandari, N Reifart, J Bérubé, W H J Hutse, O Lysunets, I Butkuvienė, J Cotroneo, J Gdalia, J Dalle Mule, R Santos, B Singh, H Mohammed, A Birkenhagen, T Chiscaneanu, H Sullivan, Jacob A. Udell, N Bolotova, A Jankowska, M Skonieczny, B S K Ch'ng, O Aiyegbayo, S Ciaroni, N Lago, S R Coimbra, R Ellis, B K Koo, S Rostik, P Jacquier, A Conradie, N Biryukova, M Ayche, A Khripun, B Peperstraete, E Velasco Espejo-Saavedra, G Cunliffe, G Grollier, C Ceraulo, T L To, Q H Tran, M Anscombe, R Jordan, I Czuriga, P Haimes, R Ancín Viguiristi, H Q Zhang, C A Chételat, A Rafter, E Rinkūnienė, K Yang, W Gao, J Pearce, L C Fernández Léoz, L Gareeva, R Fernández Alvarez, G Verret, P Astrakhantseva, C M Chu, L Murphy, P A Do, J L Liu, A Clifford, K Woollard, N Dmitrieva, N Lousada, R Díaz Juárez, N Semenova, T Fesenko, F Henschel, R Amini, G Matuszewska, R Christodorescu, J Varaldi, S Varughese, V Lafarenko, A Ashford, J L Colomer Martín, S Assouline, H Noor Hasni, A Weatherup, T Forster, R Kaserbacher, I Caldwell, N Arabadzhi, Emmanuel Sorbets, A Rink, E C Rueda Calle, J M Stordeur, P West, V C Do, Béla Merkely, J Antunes, U Altmann, S Magheru, B Bachmann, W Parkar, M de los Reyes López, M Wazana, A Frattola, M Mospan, V Koval, E Giusti Rossi, J Vasconcelos, K B Do, A Ogorodnichuk, D Lighezan, G Mentz, J M Cherry, P Pouderou, M Moretti, C M Spinu, Emmanuelle Vidal-Petiot, N Kupstytė, P Jourdain, V Voronina, O Varezhnikova, S Williams, H AlFaleh, R Lew, P Hildebrant, J Drozd, G Muscio, T H Ashton, A Achilli, J Harinasuta, T Ghose, G Walawski, Y Arkhipova, M Alves Costa, B Day, A Suntinger, A Singh, P Sheringham, A Vázquez García, J Taggeselle, J T Dong, T H Goh, G Rojas, R Schultz, A Ballet, O Likhobabina, Z M Qian, S Sandoval Navarrete, D Manzi, S Langridge, W Haerer, C K Abdullah, L Hay, Á Herdade, A Gałuszka-Bilińska, F Biausque, V M Lai, D S Eccleston, L Nikolaeva, P Kalaras, J Martínez Redding, N P H Tran, B Wauer, Philippe Gabriel Steg, B Etcheverry, J Navarro Manchón, R Augarde, C Dixon, M Y Chen, J L Gleizes, S Pustovit, J L Farges, S Cox, G Manchet, K Shein, L Parker, C C Ang, O Sinyukova, V Veth, A Kurekhyan, N Cindea Nica, N Wittlich, J Al Yazeedi, A Pucheu, V Elliott, J Bories, K Alford, M F Ferrão E Vasconcelos, A Adamkiewicz-Piejko, R Cervenak, J F Beltrame, A Castro, L Safonova, G Koutsimpanis, C de Brito Vianna, R Wysocki, V Ginzburg, J Hernández Afonso, A Ihonor, O Golubeva, M Karachaliou, S Kleta, D d'Este, Gustavs Latkovskis, F Jäger, E Gamzatov, Y Kozhelenko, J Lippai, T T L Ong, S J Ge, A Hersi, K Kyd, S Mingam, V Yordanova, L Bardachenko, E Mozerova, S W Liu, J Zdrojewska, E Chung, M Leclair, M Nazir, S Zarechnova, A Rahman, M Sołtysiak, B Maguire, F Moreira Pinto, R Fathi, E Prieto Moriche, C Priftis, P Heno, N Sytilina, A Pladys, S Shimonenko, P Keller, J F Junior, G Amiel Oster Sauvinet, J P Kanner, L Tkachenko, J Dalal, A Liston, D Herrera Fernández, J L Bonnet, A Chirivella González, R P Shah, F A Reyes Cisneros, C Avgerinos, P Ravoala, V Albero Martínez, G Suarez, V Jouve, A Frankiewicz, A Lindsay, A De Meester, H Dau, M Pornin, J Álvarez Gil, J Murin, T Hodac, J J Gómez Barrado, Y J Wu, S Jean, P Hilti, A Dayani, R Steponėnienė, G A Somsen, H Zhang, J Moore, P Tarenidis, T H Nguyen, M Maliszewski, L Voloshyna, S Novo, A Phrommintikul, I Shanina, Roberto Ferrari, P Franklin, C Turner, W Boonyapisit, F Sepulcri, P Vandergoten, J Carvalho, J Halcox, V Rotenberger, J F Baril, M Turiel, P Shiels, P Painsipp, S Reis Monteiro, T Honsig, V Vivekaphirat, J Ardill, P Brodzicki, A Khalifa, H Audibert, T Wettstein, F Auhser, D Ezekiel, D Pella, E Simarro Martín-Ambrioso, H S Seo, J A Núñez Gamero, Gabriel Steg, M Orbán, S Bykovskaya, W Gadziński, N Rozkova, G H M Vawda, R A Motyer, B Limeres González, E Fernandez Valadez, Riyaz S. Patel, I Shaikh, E Ziak, A Estriga, P Dodemant, Dragos Vinereanu, W Miao, L Marullo, F MacNamara, S K Tan, N Giacomantonio, A Leherissier, H W Li, Arpana Agrawal, Y Moreau, F David, S K Ma, A N Jamaluddin, E Alegría Ezquerra, Scalzo, M C Ta, T T Nguyen, A Sudre, R Gupta, H Lagioia, M Haiba, P Kohan, M Szentivanyi, T Dmitrieva, N Vechtomova, C Vuille, R G Schena, P Navratil, O Tsygankov, L Saaby, P Lefebvre, S King Wong, S Maheas Morlet, N H Pham, P Bonnet, S Modi, L Gaspar, M Karlicek, S Pallie, H T Pham, S Abele, N Bizyaeva, L Facila Rubio, N Meneveau, G Poluyanova, J Calaça, S Orazi, M Emonts, A Yusufali, V Sprott, Z Vazhdaeva, M R Conte, E Bulakhova, K Giokoglu, E Page, E Kotova, G Maragoni, C Jerjes Sánchez, T Kiver, M Brunehaut Petaut, A Nagy, P Singer, Zs Sziegl, B Fontanet, S Strange, A Watson, J Föchterle, Janet A. Dunn, R Šlapikas, M Stikhurova, S Salimova, J Volmar, E Otero Chulian, S Hutchinson, R Koller, X Bonnaud, E Peris Domingo, F Marín Ortuño, E Galve Basilio, S Bongo, L Payot, C Miller, A Samothrakitis, L Silva Melchor, K Orzechowski, W Hofer, L V Nguyen, R Oliver, K T Jung, J Robb, D Sobczyk, J Muller, A Tomatti, M Gruchała, C Bradshaw, D Richmond, E Mineeva, E Smirnova, A Idrissi-Sbai, H Vial, R Balai, I Kiseleva, H Jones, M Gibbs, D Ohlmeyer, Y Al Wahshi, V d’Alessandro, S Pérez Ibiricu, V Zachos, A Chernozemova, D R Spink, J Schneider, A M Peset Cubero, M Irurita Latasa, M Migliore, G Perna, E Daniels, M H Tay, N Z Khiew, I Soin, F Bernasconi, T Garban, F Omardeen, O Rodina, L Kanagaratnam, I Blum-Decary, A Jaussi, D Romero Alvira, D Vermander, N Kanumilli, M A Romero Maldonado, M Fernández-Valls Gómez, H Tran, T P Nguyen, H Omar, R S Collette, B Kisjós, H Krause-Allmendinger, J Silva E Sá, H Topf, F Panetta, T C Do, G Roul, J Leso, A Lacroix, M Fic, C Hart, R Chan, L Lema, Y Polyanskaya, R Howlett, Lesley J. Burgess, X P Chen, Hywel C Williams, V T Le, N Gurianova, R Duchowska, V P Nair, D Mitropoulos, A Allcock, T T H Bui, M Golub, E Yakovenko, M Perry, F Belcastro, K Svolis, B H R Forge, F Fernández de la Cigoña, N Murga Eizagaechevarría, G Mariano Pêgo, V Mincheva, T N Nguyen, J Moyal, M Wei, H Vinhas, A Batalla Celorio, C Romero Menor, S Rahman, N Hassler jun, F Duclos, K Ladha, A Ordóñez España, B C Chang, R Cortés Sánchez, G Lafrance, I Mihailova, Y Riou, I Pashentseva, S Tantillo, U Casas Juarezy, Ian B. Wilkinson, MJuneja, Q L Liu, M Baquero Alonso, P Kirmond, A Stevens, T Bouvy, P Casas Giménez, G Kassianos, P Kohler, T Rundell, J A Romero Hinojosa, T Sagastagoitia Gorostiza, M A Bennouna, A Hourany, F Thoin, G Steurer, V Batushkin, L Kolevatova, A Földi, G Sabe-Affaki, J T M Geraedts, I Illushechkin, T Korotich, W Manlay, B Merian, G Morrison, Y Wang, G Solache, P Magnus, A Lugin, S Tereshko, Jorge Escobedo, D Sharp, A Thelemann, J Gold, M Catarino Carvalho, P Lang, B Hermellin, B Doucet, A Martín Santana, E Foltzer, J Mora Robles, A I Bakbak, G Stanciulescu, L Baurenski, O Demina, G Lalljie, N Shmakova, R Vicente Amato, N Q Nguyen, S Kimmel, J-M Grégoire, F Tumarov, R Cue Carpio, S Nikishina, A Mukhtar, J Rueda Soriano, M Gnädinger, Michal Tendera, P Raska, S Cicek-Hartvig, E Potapova, A Melero Pita, P Ormiston, L Pastor Torres, R Shaw, M S Chenniappan, T Guo, L Zharikova, R Amoretti, J Janssen, G Kositsina, S Rajendran, N Atamanchuk, V Plastiras, T Kiernan, M H Pham, V M J Jelinek, J Dalrymple, S Van de Walle, M Goethals, I Stelmakh, S Cantabrana Miguel, L Hurlock-Clarke, C Ferreyra Solorio, J Alcaravela, H H Chuang, C Statescu, T Ługowski, B G Vanhauwaert, E London, G Z Pan, Z Özkan-Rashed, F Fellous, O Fillipova, K Ashmak, L Sargento, N Starostina, J A Ortiz de Murua López, H Thomas, T Gerasimova, L H Gowdak, S Perings, E Gaxiola, K Walcher, O Pogrebna, T Stasiuk, J Bell P McNaught, J Upton, G Scott, P Rossi Sevillano, A Gillet, T K L Nguyen, L E Manautou, L Kardashevskaya, A B Syed, F Brumelot, E Il'ina, V Alekseenko, G Wehr, G Gerges, B Fitzgerald, M Castellari, I Bratishko, M Dorobantu, I O'Connor, M V Ivan, A Esenokova, M Z Abdul Wahab, S Sylivris, S S S Quek, P Buffet, L Thomas, S Darnes Soler, N Pelicano, B Truong, N Vyshnevaya, M Habab, J Moreira, S Z Lv, D Shukla, P Eavis, E Kryvenkova, S Hansone, S Tabet, M Adda, R Trambitas, L A Fernández Lázaro, M Basara, R Mažutavičius, B Roy, X Dreyfus, T Karaseva, R Tilluckdharry, K Królicka, A Rogowsky, 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M Baar, P Lafontaine, C O'Dong, I Petropoulos, B-M Altevogt, D Warden, T De Backer, G Miñana Escrivá, T L Mai, U Schlesinger-Irsch, M M Gomaa, E Moksyuta, M Drexler, P Monteiro, P Grooterhorst, J Moolman, P McAlavey, J O'Shea, L P Quinn, F Crespo, K Srinivasa Reddy, T Shokina, Ellen M. Schmidt, M H Jeong, K Denef, A Pleskof, I Takács, Y Tikhonov, O Ushakov, L Stevens, J Ezcurdia Sasieta, L Nkombua, O Henne Otero, J Y Fraboulet, D S Kim, G Hoh, A Tamm, M Sardon, G Chatzioakim, M A Ulecia Martínez, S Reymond, M Myint, G Proença, R Massabie, E Foster, H Dougall, Anjan Kumar Roy, C Franco Aranda, M Getman, E Filippova, C Aguiar, X D Pu, N Voronina, L L Chen, M Szulc, L Bayakhchan, M J Pinto Vaz, C Niederberger, N Vites, I Sen, Paul R. 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Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems, Epidemiology, LONG-TERM, medicine.medical_treatment, Chronic coronary syndromes, Coronary Artery Disease, Revascularization, Ventricular Function, Left, GLUCOSE, MELLITUS, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Diabetes Mellitus, Ethnicity, Prevalence, medicine, Humans, ARTERY-DISEASE, Myocardial infarction, Stroke, RISK, OUTCOMES, Ejection fraction, Science & Technology, business.industry, Proportional hazards model, CLARIFY Investigators, Hazard ratio, Diabetes, Stroke Volume, Geographical disparities, Syndrome, medicine.disease, MIDDLE-EAST, EUROPEAN-SOCIETY, Treatment Outcome, MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION, Heart failure, CLARIFY registry, Cardiovascular System & Cardiology, HEART-FAILURE, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Life Sciences & Biomedicine
Abstract

BackgroundIn contrast with the setting of acute myocardial infarction, there are limited data regarding the impact of diabetes mellitus on clinical outcomes in contemporary cohorts of patients with chronic coronary syndromes. We aimed to investigate the prevalence and prognostic impact of diabetes according to geographical regions and ethnicity.Methods and resultsCLARIFY is an observational registry of patients with chronic coronary syndromes, enrolled across 45 countries in Europe, Asia, America, Middle East, Australia, and Africa in 2009–2010, and followed up yearly for 5 years. Chronic coronary syndromes were defined by ≥1 of the following criteria: prior myocardial infarction, evidence of coronary stenosis >50%, proven symptomatic myocardial ischaemia, or prior revascularization procedure.Among 32 694 patients, 9502 (29%) had diabetes, with a regional prevalence ranging from below 20% in Northern Europe to ∼60% in the Gulf countries. In a multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards model, diabetes was associated with increased risks for the primary outcome (cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke) with an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.28 (95% confidence interval 1.18, 1.39) and for all secondary outcomes (all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, and coronary revascularization). Differences on outcomes according to geography and ethnicity were modest.ConclusionIn patients with chronic coronary syndromes, diabetes is independently associated with mortality and cardiovascular events, including heart failure, which is not accounted by demographics, prior medical history, left ventricular ejection fraction, or use of secondary prevention medication. This is observed across multiple geographic regions and ethnicities, despite marked disparities in the prevalence of diabetes.ClinicalTrials identifierISRCTN43070564

Published
2021

35. Illuminating the Role of Vitamin A in Skin Innate Immunity and the Skin Microbiome: A Narrative Review

Author

Fritzlaine C Roche and Tamia A. Harris-Tryon

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Vitamin, Staphylococcus aureus, animal diseases, Retinoic acid, lcsh:TX341-641, chemical and pharmacologic phenomena, Dermatitis, Tretinoin, Review, Skin infection, vitamin A, 030207 dermatology & venereal diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Immune system, medicine, retinoic acid, Skin immunity, Animals, Humans, Microbiome, innate immunity, Skin, Nutrition and Dietetics, Innate immune system, integumentary system, business.industry, Vitamin A Deficiency, Microbiota, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, medicine.disease, skin immunity, Immunity, Innate, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Immunology, bacteria, Narrative review, skin microbiome, business, lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply, Food Science
Abstract

Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin that plays an important role in skin immunity. Deficiencies in Vitamin A have been linked to impaired immune response and increased susceptibility to skin infections and inflammatory skin disease. This narrative review summarizes recent primary evidence that elucidates the role of vitamin A and its derivatives on innate immune regulators through mechanisms that promote skin immunity and sustain the skin microbiome.

Published
2021

36. Ancillary data from animal-borne cameras as an ecological survey tool for marine communities

Author

Daniel T. I. Bayley, David Tickler, Robert J. Schallert, Samantha Andrzejaczek, Paul E. Kanive, Ronan C. Roche, Taylor K. Chapple, Adrian C. Gleiss, Martin Wikelski, Salvador J. Jorgensen, J. Sannassy Pilly, Barbara A. Block, Aaron B. Carlisle, Nigel E. Hussey, and Oliver J. D. Jewell

Subjects
geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, biology, Reef shark, Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos, Coral reef, Aquatic Science, biology.organism_classification, Kelp forest, Carcharias, Ancillary data, Fishery, ddc:570, Survey data collection, Reef, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

Underwater visual surveys represent an essential component of coastal marine research and play a crucial role in supporting the management of marine systems. However, logistical and financial considerations can limit the availability of survey data in some systems. While biologging camera tag devices are being attached to an increasing diversity of marine animals to collect behavioral information about the focal species, the ancillary imagery collected can also be used in analytical techniques developed for diver-based surveys. We illustrate this approach by extracting ancillary data from shark-borne camera tag deployments focused on the behavior of a White shark (Carcharodon carcharias) off Gansbaai, South Africa, and a Grey Reef shark (Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos) within the Chagos Archipelago. Within the giant kelp forest environment of Gansbaai we could determine the spatial density of kelp thali and underlying substrate composition. Within the coral reef environment, the animal-borne video allowed us to determine the approximate percent and type of benthic cover, as well as growth form and genus of corals down to the upper mesophotic zone. We also enumerated fish species-level abundance over reef flat and wall environments. We used established dive-survey methods to analyze video data and found the results to be broadly comparable in the two systems studied. Our work illustrates the broad applicability of ancillary animal-borne video data, which is analogous in type and quality to diver-based video data, for analysis in established marine community survey frameworks. As camera tags and associated biologging technologies continue to develop and are adapted to new environments, utilising these data could have wide-ranging applications and could maximise the overall cost–benefit ratio within biologging deployments.

Published
2021

37. Abstract 17400: Using Electronic Health Records for Predicting Hospitalization of COVID-19 Patients in Massachusetts

Author

Hesam Dashti, Samia Mora, Olga Demler, David W. Bates, Elise C. Roche, and Nancy R. Cook

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Electronic health record, business.industry, Physiology (medical), Epidemiology, Severity of illness, medicine, Medical emergency, Health records, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, medicine.disease, business
Abstract

Introduction: The electronic health record (EHR) provides a platform to design models for predicting the severity of illness in COVID-19 patients. We used the Mass General Brigham (MGB) EHR that contains records mostly from greater Boston, Massachusetts. The objective of this research is to predict risk of hospitalization in patients who tested positive for COVID-19. Methods: Between 01/01/2020 to 05/11/2020 the MGB EHR contained 8,213 laboratory- confirmed COVID-19 patients. We queried the EHR for medical records of these patients from 12/31/2015 to 05/11/2020. To examine pre-COVID-19 medical history, we considered latest records prior to 21 days before the first COVID-19 positive test. To consider patients who were hospitalized before their test results become available, we analyzed admission records from 7 days before the first positive test. We used patients with no missing medical records to construct our dataset (N=2,783) and conducted a forward feature selection on 51 variables to identify markers that minimized the Akaike information criterion for predicting hospitalization. These markers then were used to train a generalized linear model on a subset of the dataset of MGB non-employees (N=2,367; 56% hospitalized). The trained predictive model was then tested on the remaining subset of the dataset that contains MGB employees (N=416; 17% hospitalized). Results: The model based on EHR data predicted risk of hospitalization well, with area under the curve (AUC, DeLong method) of 0.76 [95% CI: 0.7002-0.8206], Figure. Significant determinants of hospitalization risk included demographic variables (age, sex, race), prior medication use (heparin, erythropoietin, and beta blockers), and lab tests (albumin and white blood cell counts). Conclusions: EHR data of COVID-19 patients can be leveraged to predict risk of hospitalization among COVID-19 patients. Further validation of the predictive model on other cohorts is needed.

Published
2020

38. Comorbid anxiety and depression among black women with central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia: A retrospective study

Author

Fritzlaine C. Roche, Shanice A McKenzie, Temitayo Ogunleye, Ginikanwa Onyekaba, Susan C. Taylor, and Devin M. Williams

Subjects
Central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia, Black women, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Comorbid anxiety, business.industry, Depression, MEDLINE, Retrospective cohort study, Alopecia, Dermatology, General Medicine, Anxiety, medicine.disease, Black or African American, Cicatrix, medicine, Humans, Female, business, Depression (differential diagnoses), Retrospective Studies
Published
2020

40. A review of a decade of lessons from one of the world’s largest MPAs: conservation gains and key challenges

Author

Charles Sheppard, Margaux Steyaert, Heather J. Koldewey, Mark G. Meekan, David Tickler, David M. P. Jacoby, Robert B. Dunbar, Julian Engel, Mark Spalding, Robin Freeman, Stephen G. Preston, Clara Diaz, Aaron B. Carlisle, Stephen C. Votier, Ines D. Lange, Nicole Esteban, Guy Stevens, David J. Curnick, Jamie M. McDevitt-Irwin, Ana Nuno, Jeanne A. Mortimer, Matthew Gollock, Emma Levy, Catherine E. I. Head, Anne Sheppard, Nigel E. Hussey, Adrian Smith, Joanna L. Harris, Nicholas A. J. Graham, Emma V. Sheehan, Malcolm A. C. Nicoll, Phil Hosegood, John R. Turner, Francesco Ferretti, Sivajyodee Sannassy Pilly, Taylor K. Chapple, Melissa Schiele, Robert J. Schallert, Kerry L. Howell, Cassandra E. Benkwitt, Daniel T. I. Bayley, Brett M. Taylor, Alice M. Trevail, Sarah Stiffel, Hannah Wood, Samantha Andrzejaczek, Nicola L. Foster, Shanta C. Barley, Dannielle S. Eager, Fiorenza Micheli, Graeme C. Hays, Ronan C. Roche, Rachel Jones, Barbara A. Block, Tom B. Letessier, Mathilde Lindhart, Edward Robinson, Alex Rattray, Nicholas Dunn, Jessica J. Meeuwig, Andrew O. M. Mogg, Peter W. Carr, Gareth J. Williams, Michael J. Williamson, Bry Wilson, Pablo Trueba, Martin J. Attrill, Clare B. Embling, Chris T. Perry, Benjamin Williamson, Claire Collins, David A. Mucciarone, and Bradley Soule

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Marine conservation, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, Coral bleaching, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Atoll, Pelagic zone, Marine life, Coral reef, Aquatic Science, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Fishery, Archipelago, Marine protected area, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

Given the recent trend towards establishing very large marine protected areas (MPAs) and the high potential of these to contribute to global conservation targets, we review outcomes of the last decade of marine conservation research in the British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT), one of the largest MPAs in the world. The BIOT MPA consists of the atolls of the Chagos Archipelago, interspersed with and surrounded by deep oceanic waters. Islands around the atoll rims serve as nesting grounds for sea birds. Extensive and diverse shallow and mesophotic reef habitats provide essential habitat and feeding grounds for all marine life, and the absence of local human impacts may improve recovery after coral bleaching events. Census data have shown recent increases in the abundance of sea turtles, high numbers of nesting seabirds and high fish abundance, at least some of which is linked to the lack of recent harvesting. For example, across the archipelago the annual number of green turtle clutches (Chelonia mydas) is ~ 20,500 and increasing and the number of seabirds is ~ 1 million. Animal tracking studies have shown that some taxa breed and/or forage consistently within the MPA (e.g. some reef fishes, elasmobranchs and seabirds), suggesting the MPA has the potential to provide long-term protection. In contrast, post-nesting green turtles travel up to 4000 km to distant foraging sites, so the protected beaches in the Chagos Archipelago provide a nesting sanctuary for individuals that forage across an ocean basin and several geopolitical borders. Surveys using divers and underwater video systems show high habitat diversity and abundant marine life on all trophic levels. For example, coral cover can be as high as 40–50%. Ecological studies are shedding light on how remote ecosystems function, connect to each other and respond to climate-driven stressors compared to other locations that are more locally impacted. However, important threats to this MPA have been identified, particularly global heating events, and Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) fishing activity, which considerably impact both reef and pelagic fishes.

Published
2020

41. SARS2 simplified scores to estimate risk of hospitalization and death among patients with COVID-19

Author

Elise C. Roche, David William Bates, Hesam Dashti, Samia Mora, and Olga Demler

Subjects
Adult, Male, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Science, MEDLINE, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Zip code, Severity of Illness Index, Article, Cohort Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, COVID-19 Testing, Risk Factors, Severity of illness, Ethnicity, Medicine, Humans, Medical history, 030212 general & internal medicine, Derivation, Socioeconomic status, Aged, Multidisciplinary, Models, Statistical, business.industry, SARS-CoV-2, Racial Groups, COVID-19, Computational Biology, Nomogram, Middle Aged, Computational biology and bioinformatics, Hospitalization, Nomograms, Household income, Smoking status, Female, business, Algorithms, Cohort study, Demography
Abstract

Although models have been developed for predicting severity of COVID-19 based on the medical history of patients, simplified risk prediction models with good accuracy could be more practical. In this study, we examined utility of simpler models for estimating risk of hospitalization of patients with COVID-19 and mortality of these patients based on demographic characteristics (sex, age, race, median household income based on zip code) and smoking status of 12,347 patients who tested positive at Mass General Brigham centers. The corresponding electronic health records were queried from 02/26/2020 to 07/14/2020 to construct derivation and validation cohorts. The derivation cohort was used to fit a generalized linear model for estimating risk of hospitalization within 30 days of COVID-19 diagnosis and mortality within approximately 3 months for the hospitalized patients. On the validation cohort, the model resulted in c-statistics of 0.77 [95% CI: 0.73-0.80] for hospitalization outcome, and 0.72 [95% CI: 0.69-0.74] for mortality among hospitalized patients. Higher risk was associated with older age, male sex, black ethnicity, lower socioeconomic status, and current/past smoking status. The model can be applied to predict risk of hospitalization and mortality, and could aid decision making when detailed medical history of patients is not easily available.

Published
2020

42. Abstract P161: Randomized Trial Of Magnesium Glycinate Supplementation And Blood Pressure In Middle-aged Adults

Author

Allison Clar, Howard D. Sesso, Jennifer L Coates, Elise C. Roche, Trisha Copeland, Pamela M. Rist, Paulette D. Chandler, Olubunmi A Solano, and JoAnn E. Manson

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Magnesium, chemistry.chemical_element, Hypertension risk, law.invention, Clinical trial, Blood pressure, Randomized controlled trial, chemistry, law, Internal medicine, Internal Medicine, medicine, Observational study, business
Abstract

Introduction: Magnesium (Mg) intake is inversely associated with BP and hypertension risk in observational studies. However, short-term randomized trials on seated BP have been inconsistent, with few studies measuring 24-h ambulatory BP (ABP). In addition, Mg glycinate, a more easily absorbed form of supplemental Mg, has been largely untested in randomized trials and may serve as a first-line approach for BP reduction among those with elevated, untreated, BP. Methods: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (NCT03688503) testing 480 mg/d of elemental Mg glycinate versus placebo for 12 weeks among 59 otherwise healthy participants aged 30-74 y with elevated seated BP (systolic BP (SBP) 120-149 mmHg and/or diastolic BP (DBP) 80-94 mmHg) and no history of anti-hypertensive medication use. At baseline, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks, we measured seated BP, monitored 24-h ABP, and collected blood samples. Our primary aim tested Mg glycinate on 12-week changes in seated BP and 24-h ABP, and subgroup analyses considered if sex, age, or baseline BP modified the effect of Mg on BP. Results: Baseline characteristics were equally distributed at randomization (mean age, 57.2 y; 58% men) with mean seated BP of 133.4/82.6 mmHg. Compliance was high (Mg, 87%; placebo, 96%). After 12 weeks, there was no significant effect of Mg glycinate versus placebo on seated SBP (-4.5 vs -1.6 mmHg from baseline; p=0.38) and DBP (-1.9 vs -0.9 mmHg from baseline; p=0.64), nor was there any significant effect on overall, daytime, or nighttime 24-h ambulatory SBP and DBP (all p>0.05). In subgroup analyses, the effect of Mg glycinate on seated SBP was suggestively, but non-significantly, stronger among those with baseline seated SBP ≥130 mmHg (-9.3 vs -2.7 mmHg; p=0.12; p, interaction=0.24) and among women (-9.7 vs -3.1 mmHg; p=0.26; p, interaction=0.29). Age, seated DBP, and mean 24-h ambulatory SBP and DBP did not modify the effects of Mg supplementation. Conclusions: A Mg glycinate supplement did not significantly reduce seated or 24-h BP in adults with elevated, untreated BP. Forthcoming analyses will expand on the role of serum and dietary Mg levels. Larger trials are warranted to elucidate possible effects of Mg glycinate on seated SBP among those with elevated BP and among women.

Published
2020

44. Association of breast and colorectal cancer in patients with central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia: A retrospective, cross-sectional pilot study

Author

Fritzlaine C. Roche, Jessica B. Brown-Korsah, and Susan C. Taylor

Subjects
Central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Cross-sectional study, Colorectal cancer, Biopsy, MEDLINE, Breast Neoplasms, Pilot Projects, Dermatology, Cicatrix, Young Adult, Protein-Arginine Deiminase Type 3, medicine, Prevalence, Humans, In patient, Young adult, Aged, Retrospective Studies, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Retrospective cohort study, Alopecia, Colonoscopy, Middle Aged, Pennsylvania, medicine.disease, Black or African American, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, business, Colorectal Neoplasms, Mammography
Published
2020

45. Clinical Characteristics and Severity of COVID-19 Disease in Patients from Boston Area Hospitals

Author

Hesam Dashti, Samia Mora, David W. Bates, Olga Demler, Fiskio Jm, and Elise C. Roche

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), business.industry, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Confounding, MEDLINE, Disease, macromolecular substances, medicine.disease, Article, Pneumonia, Internal medicine, Hyperlipidemia, medicine, In patient, business
Abstract

We summarize key demographic, clinical, and medical characteristics of patients with respect to the severity of COVID-19 disease using Electronic Health Records Data of 4,140 SARS-CoV-2 positive subjects from several large Boston Area Hospitals. We found that prior use of antihypertensive medications as well as lipid lowering and other cardiovascular drugs (such as direct oral anticoagulants and antiplatelets) all track with increased severity of COVID-19 and should be further investigated with appropriate adjustment for confounders such as age and frailty. The three most common prior comorbidities are hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and prior pneumonia, all associated with increased severity.

Published
2020
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47. Persistence of HIV-1 Env-Specific Plasmablast Lineages in Plasma Cells after Vaccination in Humans

Author

James J. Kobie, Madhubanti Basu, Christopher F. Fucile, Alexander F. Rosenberg, Jane L. Liesveld, Fritzlaine C. Roche, Michael C. Keefer, Michael S. Piepenbrink, Catherine A. Bunce, Bo Zheng, Ann J. Hessell, David A. Spencer, and Czestochowa Francois

Subjects
Immunogen, plasma cell, Cell Survival, THP-1 Cells, Plasma Cells, HIV Infections, envelope, Plasma cell, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Antibody Specificity, vaccine, antibody, medicine, Humans, Cell Lineage, HIV vaccine, Cells, Cultured, B cell, AIDS Vaccines, lcsh:R5-920, biology, Vaccination, env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, virus diseases, Virology, HEK293 Cells, medicine.anatomical_structure, AIDSVAX, biology.protein, HIV-1, Bone marrow, Antibody, lcsh:Medicine (General)
Abstract

SUMMARY Induction of persistent HIV-1 Envelope (Env) specific antibody (Ab) is a primary goal of HIV vaccine strategies; however, it is unclear whether HIV Env immunization in humans induces bone marrow plasma cells, the presumed source of long-lived systemic Ab. To define the features of Env-specific plasma cells after vaccination, samples were obtained from HVTN 105, a phase I trial testing the same gp120 protein immunogen, AIDSVAX B/E, used in RV144, along with a DNA immunogen in various prime and boost strategies. Boosting regimens that included AIDSVAX B/E induced robust peripheral blood plasmablast responses. The Env-specific immunoglobulin repertoire of the plasmablasts is dominated by VH1 gene usage and targeting of the V3 region. Numerous plasmablast-derived immunoglobulin lineages persisted in the bone marrow >8 months after immunization, including in the CD138+ long-lived plasma cell compartment. These findings identify a cellular linkage for the development of sustained Env-specific Abs following vaccination in humans., Graphical Abstract, In Brief In a phase I HIV vaccine trial, Basu et al. show the robust response of HIV Env gp120-specific peripheral blood plasmablasts immediately after vaccination, dominated by VH1 gene usage and V3 region-targeting Abs. They also define persistent linkage of these Env-reactive lineages to the bone marrow CD138+ LLPC compartment.

Published
2020

48. Fibrotic trochanters: A potential mechanism for stem cell depletion in scarring alopecias

Author

Andrew S. Fischer, George Cotsarelis, Tzvete Dentchev, Susan C. Taylor, Fritzlaine C. Roche, John T. Seykora, and Kevin J. Gaddis

Subjects
Central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Histology, Dermatology, Scarring alopecia, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Cicatrix, Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid, Fibrosis, medicine, Humans, Potential mechanism, Trochanter, business.industry, Keratin-15, Stem Cells, Lichen Planus, Alopecia, Epithelial Cells, medicine.disease, Microscopy, Fluorescence, Stem cell, business, Hair Follicle
Published
2020

49. Site-level variation in parrotfish grazing and bioerosion as a function of species-specific feeding metrics

Author

Kyle M. Morgan, Cassandra E. Benkwitt, Ines D. Lange, Ronan C. Roche, Chris T. Perry, Nicholas A. J. Graham, and Asian School of the Environment

Subjects
Chagos Archipelago, Geology [Science], Grazing, Chlorurus, Dominance (ecology), grazing, Parrotfish, ecological functions, Reef, Indian Ocean, lcsh:QH301-705.5, Nature and Landscape Conservation, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, biology, parrotfish, bioerosion, Ecological Modeling, Bioerosion, Coral reef, biology.organism_classification, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), lcsh:Biology (General), Maldives, coral reef, ecosystem functions, Allometry, Coral Reef
Abstract

Parrotfish provide important ecological functions on coral reefs, including the provision of new settlement space through grazing and the generation of sediment through bioerosion of reef substrate. Estimating these functions at an ecosystem level depends on accurately quantifying the functional impact of individuals, yet parrotfish feeding metrics are only available for a limited range of sites, species and size classes. We quantified bite rates, proportion of bites leaving scars and scar sizes in situ for the dominant excavator (Cetoscarus ocellatus, Chlorurus strongylocephalus, Ch. sordidus) and scraper species (Scarus rubroviolaceus, S. frenatus, S. niger, S. tricolor, S. scaber, S. psittacus) in the central Indian Ocean. This includes the first record of scar frequencies and sizes for the latter three species. Bite rates varied with species and life phase and decreased with body size. The proportion of bites leaving scars and scar sizes differed among species and increased with body size. Species-level allometric relationships between body size and each of these feeding metrics were used to parameterize annual individual grazing and bioerosion rates which increase non-linearly with body size. Large individuals of C. ocellatus, Ch. strongylocephalus and S. rubroviolaceus can graze 200&ndash, 400 m2 and erode &gt, 500 kg of reef substrate annually. Smaller species graze 1&ndash, 100 m2 yr&minus, 1 and erode 0.2&ndash, 30 kg yr&minus, 1. We used these individual functional rates to quantify community grazing and bioerosion levels at 15 sites across the Maldives and the Chagos Archipelago. Although parrotfish density was 2.6 times higher on Maldivian reefs, average grazing (3.9 &plusmn, 1.4 m2 m&minus, 2 reef yr&minus, 1) and bioerosion levels (3.1 &plusmn, 1.2 kg m&minus, 1) were about 15% lower than in the Chagos Archipelago (4.5 &plusmn, 2.3 and 3.7 &plusmn, 3.0, respectively), due to the dominance of small species and individuals in the Maldives (90% &lt, 30 cm length). This demonstrates that large-bodied species and individuals contribute disproportionally to both grazing and bioerosion. Across all sites, grazing increased by 66 &plusmn, 5 m2 ha&minus, 1 and bioerosion by 109 &plusmn, 9 kg ha&minus, 1 for every kg increase in parrotfish biomass. However, for a given level of parrotfish biomass, grazing and bioerosion levels were higher on Maldivian reefs than in the Chagos Archipelago. This suggests that small-bodied fish assemblages can maintain ecosystem functions, but only if key species are present in sufficiently high numbers.

Published
2020

50. Nanoparticle co-delivery of wortmannin and cisplatin synergistically enhances chemoradiotherapy and reverses platinum resistance in ovarian cancer models

Author

Xi Tian, Kyle C. Roche, Kin Man Au, Andrew Z. Wang, Feifei Yang, Yu Mi, Yuangzeng Min, Kyle Wagner, C. Tilden Hagan, Hayley Foley, Zachary L. Rodgers, Yusra Medik, and Maofan Zhang

Subjects
Combination therapy, Polyesters, medicine.medical_treatment, Biophysics, Antineoplastic Agents, Bioengineering, 02 engineering and technology, Article, Polyethylene Glycols, Biomaterials, Wortmannin, Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Cell Line, Tumor, Platinum resistance, Animals, Humans, Medicine, Ovarian Neoplasms, Cisplatin, Drug Carriers, Chemotherapy, business.industry, Drug Synergism, Chemoradiotherapy, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, medicine.disease, Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays, Regimen, chemistry, Mechanics of Materials, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Ceramics and Composites, Cancer research, Nanoparticles, Female, 0210 nano-technology, business, Ovarian cancer, medicine.drug
Abstract

Most ovarian cancer patients respond well to initial platinum-based chemotherapy. However, within a year, many patients experience disease recurrence with a platinum resistant phenotype that responds poorly to second line chemotherapies. As a result, new strategies to address platinum resistant ovarian cancer (PROC) are needed. Herein, we report that NP co-delivery of cisplatin (CP) and wortmannin (Wtmn), a DNA repair inhibitor, synergistically enhances chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and reverses CP resistance in PROC. We encapsulated this regimen in FDA approved poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-poly(ethylene glycol) (PLGA-PEG) NPs to reduce systemic side effects, enhance cellular CP uptake, improve Wtmn stability, and increase therapeutic efficacy. Treatment of platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer (PSOC) and PROC murine models with these dual-drug loaded NPs (DNPs) significantly reduced tumor burden versus treatment with combinations of free drugs or single-drug loaded NPs (SNPs). These results support further investigation of this NP-based, synergistic drug regimen as a means to combat PROC in the clinic.

Published
2018

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