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The study of ENT cancer allows the implementation of molecular biology methods in diagnosis, predicting the evolution of the disease and suggesting a certain treatment. MMPs are proteolytic enzymes, zinc dependent endopeptidases, secreted by tissues and proinflammatory cells that play a role in the clearance of cell surface receptors. They are expressed as zymogens (inactive forms). Proteolytic enzymes cleave zymogens generating active forms. They are involved in cell proliferation, adhesion, differentiation, migration, angiogenesis, apoptosis and host defense.

Most head and neck cancer patients are first referred to an E.N.T. specialist thus the need for that surgeon to be the leader of the multidisciplinary team. Oncological surgical interventions need to ensure clear resection margins; this means that whatever anatomic structures are involved in the tumor spread, need to be resected. The carotid artery is a vascular vessel system that provides blood supply for the head and neck region, the most important structure being the brain and its organs. The ligation or the resection of the common carotid artery leads to an abrupt decrease of blood flow towards the brain, which can cause single sided paralysis, decreased cognitive functions, shock and even death. Common or internal carotid arteries ligatures or resections can be performed in patients with malignant tumors of the head and neck. This is a synopsis of 2 successful cases of patients who underwent common and external carotid artery resection.

Radical neck dissection is a concept that was presented in 1906 by GW Crile and suffered constant improvement ever since. The surgical oncology procedure included the resection of the internal jugular vein, the sternocleidomastoid muscle, and the submandibular gland and the spinal accessory nerve. Deformities and impairment in the functionality of different regions of the neck and scapular regions have great implications on the quality of life of the patients who undergo such a procedure. Modifications to the radical neck dissection were made in the attempt to maintain the efficacy of the surgical oncology therapy. The authors try to assess the functional implications of radical neck dissection and the impact on the quality of life for patients with head and neck neoplasia.

The authors present their experience over a period of 13 years (1998-2011) regarding a cohort of 54 patients. In an extensive loss of tissues resulted from congenital malformations (maxillary and mandibular malformations, micro stoma), collagenosis (scleroderma, Romberg Syndrome), traffic and work accidents, post surgical (cancer and facial nerve paralyze), when usual surgical procedures fail to establish the normal look of the patient medical grade long-term implantable silicone endoprosthetic reconstruction (rehabilitation) intervenes. Using a specific technique and materials like long-term implantable silicone grade, the resulted endoprostheses replace and create the aesthetic and a normal anatomy of the specified region, very well tolerated, elastic and non-allergic and with a perfect acceptation from the body all the life.

Cervical esophageal cancer and hypopharyngeal cancer represent a major diagnostic issue in early stages, considering the fact that the implication of both cervical esophageal and hypopharyngeal cancers shows a poor prognostic from the very beginning. Positive diagnosis can only be made after histopathological analysis and immunohistochemical analysis in addition. The bioptic material is sampled by rigid endoscopy this being the only viable method of assessing data on the tumor prior to the surgery. As much as 95% of tumors located at this site are epidermoid carcinomas with different staging and characteristics, other types of tumors being adenocarcinomas, lymphomas, etc. Several risk factors influence the biology of this site thus inflicting both cellular and molecular modifications that are the origin of cancer development.

Not only the anatomy but the treatment and the prognosis of these tumors are intermediate between hypopharyngeal and esophageal tumors. After a portion of the esophagus is removed or complete esophagectomy, a conduit must be established. The authors reviewed the experience of Prof. Cristian Popescu in total pharyngo-laryngectomy and his technique of pharyngoesophageal reconstruction with synthetic esophageal prosthesis. We have some 21 patients who underwent an esophageal reconstruction with Montgomery esophageal tube. This is a very important new, modem, interdisciplinary approach bewteen the head and neck surgeon and the general/thoracic surgeon to treat the pharyngo-laryngo-esofageal neoplasia with one stage reconstruction. The follow up for these patients shows that this reconstruction method is a good, reliable choice with low costs and considerable advantages for the quality of life. Surgery for these patients should be considered primarily palliative and the optimal reconstruction should preserve the quality of life for the duration of survival.

At the beginning of the 21st century the hypopharynx and the cervical esophagus cancer represents a major issue for all countries of the world. The epidemiology of the hypopharynx and cervical esophagus cancer deals with the spread of the disease in the human population with regard to sex, age, profession, time and space, as well as risk factors that contribute to these phenomena. The main goal is to investigate the causes and the factors involved in the development of the tumors at the pharyngoesophageal junction, knowledge that contributes to the latest therapeutic assessment through interdisciplinary collaboration (E.N.T. surgeon, general surgeon, radiation oncologist, chemotherapist, and nutritionist). The epidemiology of the hypopharynx and cervical esophagus cancer includes three major areas of interest: descriptive (the study of the spread in mass population), analytical (the study of causal risk factors on the disease) and experimental (that verifies by experiments on animals the prior identified hypothesis).

The paper focuses on competitiveness and sustainability in the context of a modern economic approach to industrial policy, presenting a case study on Romania.The paper shows the challenges of the globalized economy on its industrial sector, by focusing on the first step:deindustrialization, the second step: re-industrialization, and, in the end, the third step, the return to industry, by emphasising new approaches to industrial policy.In the context of Romania’s national development strategy in line with “Europe 2020 Strategy” Government directs its attention to shaping economic development with active and responsible measures for the society.