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Supplementary Figures 1-3 from Genetic Ablation of the Amplified-in-Breast Cancer 1 Inhibits Spontaneous Prostate Cancer Progression in Mice

Although the amplified-in-breast cancer 1 (AIB1; SRC-3, ACTR, or NCoA3) was defined as a coactivator for androgen receptor (AR) by in vitro studies, its role in AR-mediated prostate development and prostate cancer remained unexplored. We report here that AIB1 is expressed in the basal and stromal cells but not in the epithelial cells of the normal mouse prostates. AIB1 deficiency only slightly delayed prostate growth and had no effect on androgen-dependent prostate regeneration, suggesting an unessential role of AIB1 in AR function in the prostate. Surprisingly, when prostate tumorigenesis was induced by the SV40 transgene in transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) mice, AIB1 expression was observed in certain epithelial cells of the prostate intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and well-differentiated carcinoma and in almost all cells of the poorly differentiated carcinoma. After AIB1 was genetically inactivated in AIB1−/−/TRAMP mice, the progression of prostate tumorigenesis in most AIB1−/−/TRAMP mice was arrested at the well-differentiated carcinoma stage. Wild-type (WT)/TRAMP mice developed progressive, multifocal, and metastatic prostate tumors and died between 25 and 34 weeks. In contrast, AIB1−/−/TRAMP mice only exhibited PIN and early-stage well-differentiated carcinoma by 39 weeks. AIB1−/−/TRAMP prostates showed much lower cell proliferation than WT/TRAMP prostates. Most AIB1−/−/TRAMP mice could survive more than 35 weeks and died with other types of tumors or unknown reasons. Our results indicate that induction of AIB1 expression in partially transformed epithelial cells is essential for progression of prostate tumorigenesis into poorly differentiated carcinoma. Inhibition of AIB1 expression or function in the prostate epithelium may be a potential strategy to suppress prostate cancer initiation and progression. [Cancer Res 2007;67(12):5965–75]

We have previously reported our early experience in robotic-assisted nasopharyngectomy. The current case series is a report of our experience in 33 robotic-assisted nasopharyngectomy.Prospective series of patients who underwent robotic-assisted nasopharyngectomy for local recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma from January 2010 to March 2019.Thirty-one patients underwent robotic-assisted nasopharyngectomy with two additional second procedure for positive margin. Median age is 55 years (29-85). Twenty-five patients had rT1 disease and six patients had tumor invaded sphenoid floor (rT3). Median operative time was 227 min and median blood loss was 200 ml. The median follow-up period for all patients were 38 months. Four patients had local recurrence. Five-year local control rate, overall survival, and disease-free survival are 85.1%, 55.7%, and 69.1%, respectively.Robotic-assisted nasopharyngectomy for recurrent nasopharyngectomy was showed to have a high local control rate. The operating time was comparable to open surgery.

Narrative review.To evaluate the availability and quality of breastfeeding guidelines for women with spinal cord injury (SCI).International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Department of Medicine, Vancouver, BC.An environmental scan restricted to English language literature was performed to identify existing postpartum and breastfeeding guidelines. Guidelines were evaluated using a structured, validated tool (AGREE II) by 13 appraisers [medical/research experts (n = 10) and those with lived experience (n = 3)] from Vancouver and two international sites. Seven guidelines were evaluated across Domain 1 of the AGREE II tool to determine if they were applicable to mothers with SCI/physical disabilities. Domains 2 to 7 were evaluated if the guideline made mention of the SCI population.Of the seven guidelines evaluated, only one mentioned SCI (Postpartum Care in SCI from BC Women's Hospital). Other guidelines were excluded from further evaluation as they did not address the issue of breastfeeding in women with SCI. The overall scaled score for this guideline was 34.5%. There was significant variability between domains but no AGREE II domain scored greater than 50%, indicating substantial limitations.Current breastfeeding guidelines are not targeted to persons with SCI. The one guideline that made mention of women with SCI had significant global deficits. This highlights the importance of developing guidelines for health care providers focused specifically on women with SCI to support and optimize breastfeeding in this unique population for the benefit of mother and infant across the lifespan.

Design and synthesis of thermodynamically metastable yet kinetically achievable materials possessing various desired functional and physical properties have recently drawn tremendous scientific-attention. In addition to conventional heat treatments and wet chemistry approaches, energy deposition into materials can induce unique nonequilibrium phases with distinct structures, chemistry, energetics, and properties. Mechanochemical synthesis and ion beam irradiation are two processing techniques that provide access to phases and states far from equilibrium. By a combination of high temperature oxide melt solution calorimetry, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), neutron pair distribution function (PDF) analysis, and supplementary powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), the energetics and multiscale structural evolution on annealing of ball milled and swift heavy ion irradiated Er2Ti2O7 pyrochlore were investigated. Despite very similar structural modifications of local atomic arrangements and only minor differences in the long range structure, both types of damage yield significant difference in the energetics of the produced material. The energy of destabilization in the milled sample (70.2 ± 8.2 kJ/mol) is much less endothermic than that in the irradiated sample (457.3 ± 8.0 kJ/mol). The DSC profiles, supported by neutron scattering, X-ray diffraction, and solution calorimetry, reveal decoupled annealing events in different temperature ranges, separating crystallization of long range pyrochlore structure from annealing of short range weberite-like domains.

U–Si intermetallic compounds have drawn great attention due to their potential application as nuclear fuels. However, the thermodynamic properties and phase equilibria of this binary system from ambient to high temperature conditions are not fully understood. Via high temperature oxidative drop calorimetry and detailed characterization of the initial and final phases, we have experimentally determined the standard enthalpies of formation of USi and U3Si5.07 at 298 K to be −43.2 ± 6.2 and −43.8 ± 9.0 kJ/mol·atom, respectively. The energetics of the tetragonal USi (t-USi, space group I4/mmm) phase has also been calculated with Density Functional Theory (DFT) for the first time. Combining the obtained formation enthalpies with the heat capacities measured previously, we assessed the thermodynamic stability of t-USi relative to a phase assemblage of two other U–Si phases, U3Si5.07 and U3Si2, from ambient temperature to 1200 K. The tetragonal USi is thermodynamically more stable than U3Si5.07 + U3Si2, which supports previously published phase diagram (H. Okamoto and T. Massalski, 1990 [1]): specifically, at least one stable USi phase exists when the U content is 50 at.%. Further thermodynamic and phase equilibrium studies are needed for a more comprehensive understanding of the U–Si system across broader compositional and temperature ranges.

This study examined the effects of storytelling with or without contextual information on children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and typical development (TD) using eye-tracker. They were randomized into two groups-the stories included and did not include social contextual information respectively. Training was delivered in groups, with eight sessions across four weeks, 30 min/session. Participants' fixation duration, visit duration, and fixation count on human faces from 20 photos and a video were recorded. Our findings revealed that storytelling with social contextual information enhanced participants' eye gazes on eyes/ faces in static information (photos) for both children with ASD and TD, but the same advantage could not be seen for children with ASD in regard to dynamic information (videos).Clinical Trial Registration Number (URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov ): NCT04587557.

An increasing number of studies have reported the use of various nanoparticles to encapsulate cisplatin, a frontline chemotherapeutic drug against a broad-spectrum of cancers, for overcoming its inherent drawbacks in clinical applications. Nevertheless, few analytical methods or instruments could provide the precise distribution information on this platinum drug in biological tissues. Herein, we provide the first evidence of applying matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) to assess the spatial distribution of cisplatin released from the cell-penetrating poly(disulfide) (CPD)-modified hollow iron oxide nanoparticles (hFe

Background: Benzotriazoles (BTRs) and benzothiazoles (BTHs) are emerging contaminants with high production volume worldwide, which exhibit potential health risk to human. To date, little is known about the exposure of BTRs and BTHs (BTs) on human, especially in the context of pregnancy. Objectives: We aimed to characterize the exposure profiles, temporal variability, and potential predictors of urinary BTs during pregnancy. Methods: Between 2014 and 2015, we recruited 856 pregnant women in Wuhan who provided urine samples at three trimesters (13.1 ± 1.1, 23.7 ± 3.2, and 35.7 ± 3.4 gestational weeks). We measured the urinary concentrations of five BTRs (1‑H‑benzotriazole, 1‑hydroxy‑benzotriazole, xylyltriazole, tolyltriazole, 5‑chloro‑1‑H‑benzotriazole) and five BTHs (benzothiazole, 2‑hydroxy‑benzothiazole, 2‑methylthio‑benzothiazole, 2‑amino‑benzothiazole, 2‑thiocyanomethylthio‑benzothiazole) to characterize the exposure profiles of BTs. We calculated the intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) to assess the temporal variability and investigated potential predictors of urinary BTs by using the mixed models. Results: Most of the targeted BTs were detected in over 50% of urine samples, except for 5‑chloro‑1‑H‑benzotriazole (9.3%) and 2‑thiocyanomethylthio-benzothiazole (1.4%). The predominant BTRs in urine was 1‑hydroxy‑benzotriazole [Geometric Mean (GM): 0.77 ng/mL]. Benzothiazole was the major derivative in urine samples with a GM concentration of 1.6 ng/mL. Correlations among BTHs (r = 0.04–0.39) were higher than that among BTRs (r = 0.02–0.14). The exposure pattern was constant at low level and co-exposure to all the targeted compounds was infrequent during pregnancy. Urinary concentrations of BTRs exhibited considerable within-subject variation (ICCs: 0.12–0.56) during pregnancy. Relatively high temporal reliability was observed for urinary concentrations of BTHs with ICCs ranging from 0.42 to 0.85. It was found that parity, household income, pregnancy occupational status, sampling season and menstrual cycle were associated with urinary concentrations of BTs in pregnant women (P

Thermodynamics and annealing behavior of swift heavy ion amorphized Dy2Sn2O7 pyrochlore were studied. Its amorphization enthalpy, defined as the total energetic difference between the irradiation amorphized and undamaged Dy2Sn2O7 states, was determined to be 283.6 ± 6.5 kJ/mol by high temperature oxide melt drop solution calorimetry. It has been an enigma that stannate and some other pyrochlores do not follow the general rA/rB−radiation resistance relation seen in most pyrochlore systems. In this work, we use the amorphization enthalpy, which reflects all the complex chemical and structural characteristics, as a more effective parameter to correlate the radiation damage resistance of pyrochlores with their compositions. It successfully explains the superior radiation damage resistance of the stannate pyrochlores compared with titanate pyrochlores. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) reveals a strong exothermic event starting at 978 K, which is attributed to long-range recrystallization based on X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, similar to the effect previously observed in Dy2Ti2O7. A second pronounced heat event beginning at ∼1148 K, which results from local structural rearrangement, is clearly decoupled from the first event for irradiated Dy2Sn2O7. Both the heat releases measured by DSC on heating to 1023 and 1473 K, and the excess enthalpies of the annealed samples indicate that the recovery to the original, ordered state was not fully achieved up to even 1473 K, despite XRD showing the apparent restoration of crystalline pyrochlore structure. The remaining metastability may be attributed to local disorder in the form of weberite-like short-range domains in the recrystallized material. Intriguingly, the second event for different pyrochlores generally starts at similar temperatures while the onset of the long range recrystallization is compositionally dependent. The amorphization and thermal annealing behavior observed in irradiated Dy2Sn2O7 may provide insights into the general mechanisms of radiation damage and recovery of pyrochlores relevant to their nuclear applications.

Utilizing a combined approach of high temperature calorimetry and neutron total scattering, we obtained critical insights into the energetics and annealing of radiation damage in swift heavy ion irradiated Dy2Ti2O7 pyrochlore. Oxide melt solution calorimetry reveals that the radiation amorphized Dy2Ti2O7 is destabilized by 243 kJ/mol compared to fully ordered, crystalline pyrochlore. Differential scanning calorimetry of the amorphized sample shows a rapid exothermic event starting at 1063 K, which, based on neutron structural analysis, is related to recrystallization. The heat release on annealing to 1473 K, –137 kJ/mol, is only about half of the total energetic difference between the ordered crystalline and amorphized samples, despite the apparent recovery of long-range pyrochlore-like ordering. Detailed neutron structural analysis confirms the persistence of residual damage in the 1473 K annealed sample. This metastability is attributed to local disorder in the form of weberite-like short-range domains in the recrystallized material. The annealing of radiation damage appears to be a complex, multistep process with decoupled short- and long-range damage recovery. Heating well above the initial recrystallization temperature does not erase all the damage, which may have important implications for the use of pyrochlores as nuclear waste forms.

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS To investigate long-term complications of newer reconstructive palate surgery techniques. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective case-series analysis. METHODS Retrospective six-country clinical study of OSA patients who had nose and palate surgery. RESULTS There were 217 patients, mean age = 43.9 ± 12.5 years, mean body mass index = 25.9 ± 4.7, mean preoperative apnea-hypopnea index [AHI] = 30.5 ± 19.1, follow-up 41.3 months. A total of 217 palatal procedures were performed, including 50 expansion sphincter pharyngoplasties (ESP), 34 functional expansion pharyngoplasties (FEP), 40 barbed reposition pharyngoplasties (BRP), 64 modified uvulopalatopharyngoplasties (mUPPP), 11 uvulopalatal flap procedures (UPF), nine suspension pharyngoplasties (SP), eight relocation pharyngoplasties (RP), and one z-pharyngoplasty (ZPP). Complications included were constant and/or felt twice per week; dry throat (7.8%), throat lump feeling (11.5%), throat phlegm (10.1%), throat scar feeling (3.7%), and difficulty swallowing (0.5%). Of the 17 patients who had a dry throat complaint, two were constant (one SP, one RP), 15 were occasional (10 mUPPP, three SP, two BRP). Of the 25 patients with the throat lump feeling, four were constant (three RP, one ZPP), 21 were occasional (10 mUPPP, five SP, five UPF, one BRP). Of the 22 patients with the throat phlegm feeling, four were constant (two SP, two RP), 18 were occasional (10 mUPPP, four BRP, two FEP, two SP). Of the eight patients with throat scar feeling, eight were occasional (four SP, two mUPPP, one FEP, one RP), none were constant. One patient had difficulty swallowing (RP procedure). There was no velopharyngeal incompetence, taste disturbance, nor voice change. Highest symptom complaints were mUPPP, SP, and RP, whereas the lowest symptom complaint was ESP. CONCLUSIONS Newer palatal techniques have shown to have less long-term complications compared to the older ablative techniques. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4 Laryngoscope, 130:2281-2284, 2020.

In our previous study, we found that the edible alcohol extract of the root of the medicinal plant Rhodiola crenulata (RCE) improved spatial cognition in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease. Another study from our laboratory showed that RCE enhanced neural cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and prevented damage to hippocampal neurons in a rat model of chronic stress-induced depression. However, the mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects of RCE are unclear. In the present study, we investigated the anti-apoptotic effect of RCE and its neuroprotective mechanism of action in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease established by intracerebroventricular injection of streptozotocin. The rats were pre-administered RCE at doses of 1.5, 3.0 or 6.0 g/kg for 21 days before model establishment. ATP and cytochrome c oxidase levels were significantly decreased in rats with Alzheimer's disease. Furthermore, neuronal injury was obvious in the hippocampus, with the presence of a large number of apoptotic neurons. In comparison, in rats given RCE pretreatment, ATP and cytochrome c oxidase levels were markedly increased, the number of apoptotic neurons was reduced, and mitochondrial injury was mitigated. The 3.0 g/kg dose of RCE had the optimal effect. These findings suggest that pretreatment with RCE prevents mitochondrial dysfunction and protects hippocampal neurons from apoptosis in rats with Alzheimer's disease.

The Melbourne Congress of 2011 authorized a Special Committee on Registration of Algal and Plant Names (including fossils), which was established the following year (Wilson in Taxon 61: 878–879. 2012). Its explicit mandate was “to consider what would be involved in registering algal and plant names (including fossils), using a procedure analogous to that for fungal names agreed upon in Melbourne and included in the Code as Art. 42”, but expectations at the Nomenclature Section in Melbourne went farther than that. There was the hope that registration systems for at least some of the main groups would soon be set up, to be used and tested on a voluntary basis and, if found to be generally accepted, would persuade the subsequent Congress in Shenzhen, in 2017, to declare registration of new names an additional requirement for valid publication. The Melbourne Congress also approved mandatory registration of nomenclatural novelties in fungi, starting on 1 Jan 2013. The new Art. 42 of the Code (McNeill & al. in Regnum Veg. 154. 2012) requires authors to register any fungal nomenclatural novelty, prior to publication, with a recognized repository, whereupon they are provided with a unique identifier for each name, to be included in the protologue along with other Code-mandated information. Years before registration became mandatory, mycologists had been encouraged, often prompted by journal editors, to register their nomenclatural novelties prior to publication. Most complied. Consequently, when mandatory registration was proposed, it had strong support from the mycological community. There are currently three recognized repositories for fungal names. They vary somewhat in how they operate, but they share records of their registered novelties as soon as publication has been effected. One consequence of implementing mandatory registration is that locating new fungal names and combinations and associated protologue information is much simpler now than it was before. This makes it easier to incorporate the information into taxonomic studies and to update taxonomic treatments, inventories, and indices. A corollary is that, no matter what publication outlet an author chooses, the name cannot fail to be noticed. The positive experience in mycology makes extension of the registration concept to plants and algae a compelling idea. That experience shows that the best way to make mandatory registration of nomenclatural novelties palatable to botanists and phycologists is the establishment of trial registration at repositories with a history of involvement in and commitment to the indexing of names. Trial registration enables users to acquaint themselves with registration procedures, make suggestions on how they might be improved, and appreciate, by personal experience, the benefits of registration. Unfortunately, the task of establishing such repositories proved to be more complex and time-consuming than had been foreseen. Substantial progress has been made in the establishment of such centres (Barkworth & al., in this issue, pp. 670–672) but the Committee is not in a position to make firm proposals to regulate registration procedures, even less to make registration mandatory from a concrete future date. Nevertheless, the Committee sees it as imperative that the Shenzhen Congress be offered the opportunity to move forward with registration without having to wait six more years. In this spirit, we offer the proposals below. Proposal (276) would declare registration an ongoing concern of the botanical, mycological, and phycological community and provide the basic structure for making it possible. Proposal (277) and Prop. (278) would, in addition, define a flexible framework within which a system of voluntary registration could be developed for various categories of organisms. Proposal (279) would provide for future mandatory registration in a way that does not depend on the six-year intervals between International Botanical Congresses. Presentation of each proposal is followed by a summary of the support received from members of the Committee. Fil: Barkworth, Mary E.. State University of Utah; Estados Unidos Fil: Watson, Mark. Royal Botanic Gardens; Reino Unido Fil: Barrie, Fred R.. Missouri Botanical Garden; Estados Unidos. Field Museum Of Natural History; Estados Unidos Fil: Belyaeva, Irina V.. Royal Botanic Gardens; Reino Unido Fil: Chung, Richard C. K.. Forest Research Institute ; Malasia Fil: Dasková, Jirina. Národní Muzeum; República Checa Fil: Davidse, Gerrit. Missouri Botanical Garden; Estados Unidos Fil: Dönmez, Ali A.. Hacettepe Üniversitesi; Turquía Fil: Doweld, Alexander B.. National Institute Of Carpology; Rusia Fil: Dressler, Stefan. Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut Und Naturmuseum; Alemania Fil: Flann, Christina. Naturalis Biodiversity Center; Países Bajos Fil: Gandhi, Kanchi. Harvard University; Estados Unidos Fil: Geltman, Dmitry. Russian Academy of Science; Rusia Fil: Glen, Hugh F.. Forest Hills; Sudáfrica Fil: Greuter, Werner. Freie Universität Berlin; Alemania Fil: Head, Martin J.. Brock University; Canadá Fil: Jahn, Regine. Freie Universität Berlin; Alemania Fil: Janarthanam, Malapati K.. Goa University; India Fil: Katinas, Liliana. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División de Plantas Vasculares; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina Fil: Kirk, Paul M.. Royal Botanic Gardens; Reino Unido Fil: Klazenga, Niels. Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria; Australia Fil: Kusber, Wolf-Henning. Freie Universität Berlin; Alemania Fil: Kvacek, Jirí. Národní Muzeum; República Checa Fil: Malécot, Valéry. Universite D'angers; Francia Fil: Mann, David G.. Royal Botanic Gardens; Reino Unido Fil: Marhold, Karol. Charles University; República Checa Fil: Nagamasu, Hidetoshi. Kyoto University; Japón Fil: Nicolson, Nicky. Royal Botanic Gardens; Reino Unido Fil: Paton, Alan. Royal Botanic Gardens; Reino Unido Fil: Patterson, David J.. The University Of Sydney; Australia Fil: Price, Michelle J.. Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève; Suiza Fil: van Reine, Willem F Prud' Homme. Naturalis Biodiversity Center; Países Bajos Fil: Schneider, Craig W.. Trinity College Hartford; Estados Unidos Fil: Sennikov, Alexander. Russian Academy Of Sciences; Rusia Fil: Smith, Gideon F.. Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University; Sudáfrica. Universidad de Coimbra; Portugal Fil: Stevens, Peter F.. Missouri Botanical Garden; Estados Unidos. University of Missouri; Estados Unidos Fil: Yang, Zhu-Liang. Kunming Institute Of Botany Chinese Academy Of Sciences; China Fil: Zhang, Xian-Chun. Chinese Academy of Sciences; República de China Fil: Zuccarello, Giuseppe C.. Victoria University Of Wellington; Nueva Zelanda

The Special Committee on Registration of Algal and Plant Names (including fossils) was established at the XVIII International Botanical Congress (IBC) in Melbourne in 2011, its mandate being to consider what would be involved in registering algal and plant names (including fossils), using a procedure analogous to that for fungal names agreed upon in Melbourne and included as Art. 42 in the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants. Because experience with voluntary registration was key to persuading mycologists of the advantages of mandatory registration, we began by asking institutions with a history of nomenclatural indexing to develop mechanisms that would permit registration. The task proved more difficult than anticipated, but considerable progress has been made, as is described in this report. It also became evident that the Nomenclature Section needs a structure that will allow ongoing discussion of registration and associated issues. Simultaneously with this report we are submitting four proposals that would provide such a structure. Fil: Barkworth, Mary E.. State University of Utah; Estados Unidos Fil: Watson, Mark. Royal Botanic Gardens; Reino Unido Fil: Barrie, Fred R.. Field Museum of National History; Estados Unidos Fil: Belyaeva, Irina V.. Royal Botanic Gardens; Reino Unido Fil: Chung, Richard C. K.. Forest Research Institute Malaysia; Malasia Fil: Dašková, Jiřina. National Museum; República Checa Fil: Davidse, Gerrit. Missouri Botanical Garden; Estados Unidos Fil: Dönmez, Ali A.. Hacettepe Üniversitesi; Turquía Fil: Alexander B. Doweld. National Institute of Carpology; Rusia Fil: Dressler, Stefan. Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum; Alemania Fil: Flann, Christina. Naturalis Biodiversity Center; Países Bajos Fil: Gandhi, Kanchi. Harvard University; Estados Unidos Fil: Geltman, Dmitry. Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Rusia Fil: Glen, Hugh F.. Forest Hills; Sudáfrica Fil: Greuter, Werner. Freie Universität Berlin; Alemania Fil: Head, Martin J.. Brock University; Canadá Fil: Jahn, Regine. Freie Universität Berlin; Alemania Fil: Janarthanam, Malapati K.. Goa University; India Fil: Katinas, Liliana. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División de Plantas Vasculares; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Kirk, Paul M.. Royal Botanic Gardens; Reino Unido Fil: Klazenga, Niels. Royal Botanic Gardens; Australia Fil: Kusber, Wolf Henning. Freie Universität Berlin; Alemania Fil: Kvaček, Jiří. National Museum; República Checa Fil: Malécot, Valéry. Université d’Angers; Francia Fil: Mann, David G.. Royal Botanic Gardens; Reino Unido. Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology; España Fil: Marhold, Karol. Charles University; República Checa Fil: Nagamasu, Hidetoshi. Kyoto University; Japón Fil: Nicolson, Nicky. Royal Botanic Gardens; Reino Unido Fil: Paton, Alan. Royal Botanic Gardens; Reino Unido Fil: Patterson, David J.. University of Sydney; Australia Fil: Price, Michelle J.. Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève; Italia Fil: Prud'homme van Reine, Willem F.. Naturalis Biodiversity Center; Países Bajos Fil: Schneider, Craig W.. Trinity College; Estados Unidos Fil: Sennikov, Alexander. University of Helsinski; Finlandia Fil: Smith, Gideon F.. Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University; Sudáfrica Fil: Stevens, Peter F.. Missouri Botanical Garden; Estados Unidos. University of Missouri-St; Estados Unidos Fil: Yang, Zhu-Liang. Chinese Academy of Sciences; República de China Fil: Zhang, Xian-Chun. Chinese Academy of Sciences; República de China Fil: Zuccarello, Giuseppe C.. Victoria University of Wellington; Nueva Zelanda

SLC25A22, which encodes the mitochondrial glutamate transporter, is overexpressed in colorectal cancer (CRC) and is essential for the proliferation of CRC cells harboring KRAS mutations. However, the role of SLC25A22 on metabolic regulation in KRAS-mutant CRC cells has not been comprehensively characterized. We performed non-targeted metabolomics, targeted metabolomics and isotope kinetic analysis of KRAS-mutant DLD1 cells with or without SLC25A22 knockdown using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled to Orbitrap mass spectrometry (MS) or tandem MS (MS/MS). Global metabolomics analysis identified 35 altered metabolites, which were attributed to alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, urea cycle and polyamine metabolism. Targeted metabolomics including 24 metabolites revealed that most tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates, aspartate-derived asparagine, alanine and ornithine-derived polyamines were strongly down-regulated in SLC25A22 knockdown cells. Moreover, targeted kinetic isotope analysis showed that most of the 13C-labeled ornithine-derived polyamines were significantly decreased in SLC25A22 knockdown cells and culture medium. Exogenous addition of polyamines could significantly promote cell proliferation in DLD1 cells, highlighting their potential role as oncogenic metabolites that function downstream of SLC25A22-mediated glutamine metabolism. Collectively, SLC25A22 acts as an essential metabolic regulator during CRC progression as it promotes the synthesis of aspartate-derived amino acids and polyamines in KRAS mutant CRC cells.

It is being tried to control robot arm using brain signal in the field of brain-machine interface (BMI). Thisstudy is focused on applying guidance laws for efficient robot arm control using 3D coordinates obtained from Mag-netoencephalography (MEG) signal which represents movement of upper limb. The 3D coordinates obtained frombrain signal is inappropriate to be used directly because of the spatial difference between human upper limb and robotarm’s end-effector. The spatial difference makes the robot arm to be controlled from a third-person point of view withassist of visual feedback. To resolve this inconvenience, guidance laws which are frequently used for tactical ballisticmissile are applied. It could be applied for the users to control robot arm from a first-person point of view whichis expected to be more comfortable. The algorithm which enables robot arm to trace MEG signal is provided in thisstudy. The algorithm is simulated and applied to 6-DOF robot arm for verification. The result was satisfactory anddemonstrated a possibility in decreasing the training period and increasing the rate of success for certain tasks suchas gripping object.Key words: Brain Signal, Brain-Machine Interface (BMI), Robot Arm, Guidance Law

The oxidation resistance of two important surface finishes, electroless Ni/immersion Au (ENIG) and electroless Ni/electroless Pd/immersion Au (ENEPIG), is studied. Auger electron spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses show that ENEPIG is more oxidation resistant. The oxidized species of Ni diffuse through the Au grain boundaries. The mechanism for this better performance is that the Pd layer has an amorphous structure. The amorphous Pd layer is able to inhibit the out-diffusion of Ni atoms through high-diffusivity paths.

Experiments are carried out to measure the volume shrinkage during solid-state reaction in micro-joints for three-dimensional integrated circuit applications. Surface profilometer is employed to measure the volume shrinkage for the reaction between Ni and Sn. The shrinkage is correlated with the microstructural evolution during the reaction. It is found that the volume shrinkage is released through both joint height reduction and void formation. The resulting internal stress and the void formation might post potential reliability issues.

Let X be a real normed space, Y a Banach space, and f f X → Y. We prove the Ulam-Hyers stability theorem for the cubic functional equation f (2x + y) + f (2x - y) - 2 f (x + y) - 2 f (x - y) - 12 f (x) = 0 in restricted domains. As an application we consider a measure zero stability problem of the inequality ∥ f (2x + y) + f (2x - y) - 2 f (x + y) - 2 f (x - y) - 12 f (x) ∥ ≤ ∈ for all (x, y) in Γ R2 of Lebesgue measure 0. © 2016 Canadian Mathematical Society.

A new species, Jarandersonia pentaceoides (Malvaceae-Brownlowioideae), endemic to central Kalimantan, Borneo is described and illustrated. Salient morphological features of the new species that can be used to distinguish it from previously known species of the genus (i.e. J. clemensiae, J. parvifolia, J. purseglovei, J. rinoreoides and J. spinulosa) are tabulated. These include: the densely stellate-lepidote and dentate-lepidote edges of tertiary veins and honeycomb-like quaternary veins on the lower leaf surface, the kneed petiole that is swollen at both ends, and the sparsely stellate-lepidote and tufted-hairy seed coat. A key to the species of Jarandersonia is provided, as is a map of its distribution. Keywords—Borneo, endemic, flora, Jarandersonia, Malvaceae-Brownlowioideae, taxonomy. Jarandersonia Kosterm. (Malvaceae-Brownlowioideae) was established as a monotypic genus by Kostermans (1960) based on Jarandersonia paludosa Kosterm. (currently a synonym of Jarandersonia purseglovei (Kosterm.) Kosterm.), an endemic species that occurs in Sarawak, Borneo. Kostermans (1960, 1970) recognized the genus based on the distinctness of its fruit covered with slender spines bearing setose hairs. It com- prises five species distributed in Borneo (Kostermans 1970). Jarandersonia purseglovei and J. spinulosa Kosterm. are endemic to Sarawak, J. rinoreoides Kosterm. is endemic to Sabah, while the other two species J. clemensiae (Burret) Kosterm. is known from Sarawak and Kalimantan, and J. parvifolia Kosterm. occurs in Sarawak, Brunei and Kalimantan. Recent phylogenetic analy- sis of plastid atpB, rbcL and ndhF DNA sequences support the placement of Jarandersonia, together with Brownlowia Roxb., Diplodiscus Turcz. and Pentace Hassk. in the Brownlowioideae clade of Malvaceae s. l. (Judd and Manchester 1997; Alverson et al. 1999; Bayer et al. 1999; Nyffeler and Baum 2000). The author's recent revision of the genus for the Tree Flora of Sabah and Sarawak Project recognized six species of Jarandersonia from Borneo. Of these, J. pentaceoides, endemic to central Kalimantan, is new to science and is here described for the first time as a precursory paper to the publication of the revi- sion for the genus.

Introduction: Weight loss amongst women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is crucial to reduce the risk of endocrine, reproductive and metabolic complications including hirsutism, menstrual disturbances and cardiovascular disease. With approximately 50% of women with PCOS being overweight or obese, effective dietary management of weight in PCOS is essential. However, there is inconsistent evidence as to whether specifically modified diets (e.g. reduced carbohydrate diets) are more effective at achieving weight loss amongst women with PCOS than are conventional healthy hypocaloric diets. Material and Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials that had compared weight and BMI between women with PCOS who had undergone either a specifically modified diet or a conventional healthy hypocaloric diet were performed. Six electronic databases were searched, a manual search of the reference lists of the included studies was carried out and authors were contacted for additional information. Nine studies with a total of 395 participants (all with a body mass index [BMI] ≥30) were included in the meta-analysis. The effect size used was the mean difference in post-intervention weight and BMI between participants who had undergone a specifically modified diet and participants who had undergone a conventional healthy hypocaloric diet. Results: There were no differences between groups in post-intervention weight (mean difference 1.26, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.92 to 3.43, p = .26; heterogeneity I2 = 50%, p = .04) or BMI (mean difference 0.15, 95% CI -0.93 to 1.23, p = 0.79; heterogeneity I2 = 44%, p = 0.10). Subgroup analyses according to the presence of a dietary run-in period (a period at the start of the study during which all participants are placed on an identical diet in order to equalize them on variables influenced by diet), intervention duration and type of diet and a sensitivity analysis according to study quality were not significant. Conclusions: Whilst the results should be interpreted in light of the moderate heterogeneity observed, they suggest that specifically modified diets offer no added benefit for weight loss in women with PCOS over conventional healthy hypocaloric diets. The findings of this meta-analysis may promote the unification of guidelines for the dietary management of PCOS and allow clinicians to be confident in prescribing conventional healthy hypocaloric diets for weight loss amongst their PCOS patients.

The preferred orientation growth of intermetallic compounds is becoming an increasingly important issue, due to recent advances in three-dimensional integrated circuits. This study reveals that Cu6Sn5 that is formed on Ni does not grow in random orientations, but exhibits a pronounced preferred orientation relationship. This relationship is identified as ( 1 2 ¯ 0 ) ( Cu,Ni ) 6 Sn 5 ( 1 1 ¯ 1 ) Ni and [ 0 0 1 ] ( Cu,Ni ) 6 Sn 5 [ 1 1 0 ] Ni , according to electron backscatter diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy analysis. One critical implication is that no Ni3Sn4 exists between Cu6Sn5 and Ni because the Cu6Sn5/Ni interface is coherent.

Nuclear receptor subfamily 6, group A, member 1 (NR6A1) is an orphan member of the nuclear receptor superfamily and is required for normal mouse embryonic development. In adult mice, NR6A1 is predominantly expressed in spermatogenic cells and growing oocytes of the gonads and has a role in female reproduction by modulating the transcription of the oocyte-specific genes bone morphogenetic protein 15 (Bmp15) and growth differentiation factor 9 (Gdf9). In our goal to further understand the functional role of NR6A1 during postnatal development, we generated a Nr6a1:beta-galactosidase (LacZ) knockin reporter (Nr6a1(LacZ/+)) mouse line in which the Nr6a1:LacZ fusion gene was expressed and then characterized Nr6a1 expression in these reporter mice by performing LacZ staining. Our RT-PCR analyses showed that Nr6a1 was expressed in a variety of somatic tissues (e.g., oviduct and lung) other than gonads of normal adult mice. In adult Nr6a1(LacZ/+) mice, robust LacZ staining was observed in the gametes of gonads. Strong positive LacZ staining was also observed in the sperm of the epididymis, epithelial cells of the oviduct, and bronchioles within the lung. In adult Nr6a1(LacZ/+) mice, positive LacZ staining was observed in other somatic tissues, including hippocampus, cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and thalamus of brain; pars intermedia and pars anterior of pituitary; parathyroid; and islet of pancreas. NR6A1 expression in sperm within the epididymis, epithelial cells in the oviduct, and bronchioles of the lung was further confirmed by immunohistochemical studies. Nr6a1 is expressed not only in the germ cells of mouse gonads but also in a variety of somatic tissues, including epididymis, oviduct, brain, and pituitary. The extra-germ cell expression of NR6A1 makes it a less attractive contraceptive.

A wood anatomy study was carried out on 10 Durio species. Three species, namely D. griffithii, D. grandiflorus and D. excelsus were included, and these species were previously placed in the genus Boschia. Findings have shown presence of prismatic crystals in chambered and non-chambered axial parenchyma in seven Durio species studied, whilst silica was absent. However, in the other three species (D. griffithii, D. grandiflorus and D. excelsus) silica was present, whilst crystal was absent. The presence of this mineral inclusion in these three species was not good taxonomic character at generic level and cannot be used to distinguish Boschia from Durio. Therefore, Durio is suggested to be maintained based on findings in this study. There is no diagnostic wood anatomical characteristic that can be used to differentiate species in Durio. As a conclusion the wood anatomy alone does not aid in delimiting species in Durio.

Oct4 plays an essential role in maintaining the inner cell mass and pluripotence of embryonic stem (ES) cells. The expression of Oct4 is regulated by the proximal enhancer and promoter in the epiblast and by the distal enhancer and promoter at all other stages in the pluripotent cell lineage. Here we report that the orphan nuclear receptor LRH-1, which is expressed in undifferentiated ES cells, can bind to SF-1 response elements in the proximal promoter and proximal enhancer of the Oct4 gene and activate Oct4 reporter gene expression. LRH-1 is colocalized with Oct4 in the inner cell mass and the epiblast of embryos at early developmental stages. Disruption of the LRH-1 gene results in loss of Oct4 expression at the epiblast stage and early embryonic death. Using LRH-1(-/-) ES cells, we also show that LRH-1 is required to maintain Oct4 expression at early differentiation time points. In vitro and in vivo results show that LRH-1 plays an essential role in the maintenance of Oct4 expression in ES cells at the epiblast stage of embryonic development, thereby maintaining pluripotence at this crucial developmental stage prior to segregation of the primordial germ cell lineage at gastrulation.

We report a case of oncocytic carcinoma arising in submandibular gland. The tumour occurred in the left submandibular gland of an 82-year-old Japanese man. Histologically, the tumour was mostly composed of large cells with eosinophilic granules in the cytoplasm and they were arranged in the solid sheets, islands with duct-like structure and cords. The tumour cells had aggressively invaded muscles and perineural tissues, and cervical lymphatic metastasis was frequently observed. Histochemically, the tumour cells were strongly positive for phosphotungstic acid-hematoxylin (PTAH) stain, and we diagnosed this malignant tumour as oncocytic carcinoma. Immunohistochemically, the tumour cells reacted positively for cytokeratin 7, 8, 19, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), alpha-1-antichymotrypsin and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), but negative for cytokeratin 13, 14, smooth muscle actin (HHF35) and S-100 protein (S-100). Tumour was diagnosed as oncocytic carcinoma in submandibular gland. Its characteristics are discussed in term of its histopathological and immunohistochemical features.

Germ cell nuclear factor (GCNF), an orphan nuclear receptor, is essential for mouse embryogenesis. GCNF specifically binds to a DR0 response element via its DNA binding domain (DBD) in vitro and functions as a repressor of gene transcription. To further study the role of GCNF during embryogenesis, we have employed a Cre/loxP strategy and generated a line of GCNF mutant mice (GCNF(lox/lox)) in which the 243-base pair DBD-encoding exon has been deleted in the germline. However, the ligand binding domain (LBD) of GCNF is still expressed at the mRNA and protein levels in the GCNF(lox/lox) mice. GCNF(lox/lox) mice die at 9.5-10.5 days postcoitum. The tailbuds of these mutant embryos protrude outside the yolk sac. Expression of Oct-4 in the somatic cells of GCNF(lox/lox) embryos at 8.25 days postcoitum was not silenced as in the GCNF(+/+) embryos. Therefore, GCNF(lox/lox) mice phenocopy the GCNF(-/-) mice. Our results indicate that the DBD is essential for the function of GCNF during early mouse embryogenesis, and that the LBD does not mediate any function independent of the DBD at this stage of embryonic development. Our results also suggest that GCNF is indeed a transcriptional factor that represses gene transcription mediated via its DBD.

We report here complete coding sequences for the Uca pugilator homologs of the ecdysteroid (UpEcR) and retinoid-X receptors (UpRXR). Library screenings recovered cDNA clones containing a unique amino terminal open-reading frame (A/B domain) for each gene, most similar to insect B1 EcR and USP1/RXR isoforms. Splicing variants in the UpRXR ligand-binding domain were also identified, in a region critical for folding of Drosophila and lepidopteran USP. UpEcR and UpRXR proteins were able to associate, and both are required for binding to an ecdysteroid HRE; these interactions were not hormone-dependent. Ribonuclease protection assays (RPA) were conducted using A/B domain and ‘common’ (C or E) domain probes on RNA isolated from various stages of regenerating limb buds and ovaries. For several of the limb bud and ovarian stages examined, the relative level of A/B domain sequence protected was significantly less than common domain suggesting alternative amino terminal isoforms other than those isolated through cloning. This is the first report of UpEcR and UpRXR transcription during ovarian maturation, implicating the ovary as a potential target for hormonal control in Crustacea.

Objectives.To compare the performances of two impedancecardiographs, the RheoCardioMonitor (RCM) and the BoMed NCCOM3, usingtrend analysis. This involved a series of head-up tilts, a simulation ofthe stroke volume (SV) and cardiac output (CO) response, calculation ofprediction errors and cumulative sums (Cusum). Methods.Eighthealthy male volunteers, aged 27–37 years, were tilted on fouroccasions to angles of 55°, 15°, 30° and 55°, whilstrecording SV and CO every 10-sec. Baseline and percentage changes withtilting were calculated. A simulation of the tilt response wasconstructed, and from this residuals (observed-predicted) and predictionerrors ((observed-predicted)/predicted) ×100% werecalculated at 10-sec intervals. Trend analysis was performed by multipleanalysis of the variance of serial measurements and graphicallyassessing changes in serial SV prediction errors, using Cusums. Resultsare presented as mean (range or SD). Results.Baseline values forRCM-SV were 76 (35–94) ml and for CO 4.7 (2.8–6.1)litre· min−1. For BoMed-SV they were 113(90–164) ml and for CO 7.2 (5.5–11.9) litre·min−1. Head-up tilting to 55° resulted in a 32(12)% decrease in RCM-SV and a 21 (11)% decrease inBoMed-SV (p< 0.01). Prediction errors for RCM-SV were (6.5(4.9)%) and for BoMed-SV (6.8 (5.2)%) (p=0.048). Cusum analysis showed that in 84% of tests, impedancemeasurements remained within ± 10% of the initialcalibration. There was no difference between devices (χ 2= 0.92). Conclusions.Simulation of a physiological response,such as that to head-up tilting, and using a trend analysis based onprediction errors and Cusum, is a useful technique. The trendingabilities of the RCM and BoMed were similar.