74 results on '"C B Adams"'
Search Results
2. Multiwavelength Observations of the Blazar PKS 0735+178 in Spatial and Temporal Coincidence with an Astrophysical Neutrino Candidate IceCube-211208A
- Author
-
A. Acharyya, C. B. Adams, A. Archer, P. Bangale, J. T. Bartkoske, P. Batista, W. Benbow, A. Brill, J. H. Buckley, J. L. Christiansen, A. J. Chromey, M. Errando, A. Falcone, Q. Feng, G. M. Foote, L. Fortson, A. Furniss, G. Gallagher, W. Hanlon, D. Hanna, O. Hervet, C. E. Hinrichs, J. Hoang, J. Holder, T. B. Humensky, W. Jin, P. Kaaret, M. Kertzman, M. Kherlakian, D. Kieda, T. K. Kleiner, N. Korzoun, S. Kumar, M. J. Lang, M. Lundy, G. Maier, C. E McGrath, M. J. Millard, J. Millis, C. L. Mooney, P. Moriarty, R. Mukherjee, S. O’Brien, R. A. Ong, M. Pohl, E. Pueschel, J. Quinn, K. Ragan, P. T. Reynolds, D. Ribeiro, E. Roache, I. Sadeh, A. C. Sadun, L. Saha, M. Santander, G. H. Sembroski, R. Shang, M. Splettstoesser, A. Kaushik Talluri, J. V. Tucci, V. V. Vassiliev, A. Weinstein, D. A. Williams, S. L. Wong, J. Woo, F. Aharonian, J. Aschersleben, M. Backes, V. Barbosa Martins, R. Batzofin, Y. Becherini, D. Berge, K. Bernlöhr, B. Bi, M. Böttcher, C. Boisson, J. Bolmont, M. de Bony de Lavergne, J. Borowska, M. Bouyahiaoui, F. Bradascio, M. Breuhaus, R. Brose, F. Brun, B. Bruno, T. Bulik, C. Burger-Scheidlin, S. Caroff, S. Casanova, R. Cecil, J. Celic, M. Cerruti, T. Chand, S. Chandra, A. Chen, J. Chibueze, O. Chibueze, G. Cotter, S. Dai, J. Damascene Mbarubucyeye, A. Djannati-Ataï, A. Dmytriiev, V. Doroshenko, S. Einecke, J.-P. Ernenwein, G. Fichet de Clairfontaine, M. Filipovic, G. Fontaine, M. Füßling, S. Funk, S. Gabici, S. Ghafourizadeh, G. Giavitto, D. Glawion, J. F. Glicenstein, P. Goswami, G. Grolleron, L. Haerer, J. A. Hinton, T. L. Holch, M. Holler, D. Horns, M. Jamrozy, F. Jankowsky, V. Joshi, I. Jung-Richardt, E. Kasai, K. Katarzyński, R. Khatoon, B. Khélifi, S. Klepser, W. Kluźniak, K. Kosack, D. Kostunin, R. G. Lang, S. Le Stum, A. Lemière, J.-P. Lenain, F. Leuschner, T. Lohse, A. Luashvili, I. Lypova, J. Mackey, D. Malyshev, V. Marandon, P. Marchegiani, A. Marcowith, G. Martí-Devesa, R. Marx, A. Mitchell, R. Moderski, L. Mohrmann, A. Montanari, E. Moulin, T. Murach, K. Nakashima, J. Niemiec, A. Priyana Noel, P. O’Brien, L. Olivera-Nieto, E. de Ona Wilhelmi, M. Ostrowski, S. Panny, M. Panter, G. Peron, D. A. Prokhorov, G. Pühlhofer, M. Punch, A. Quirrenbach, P. Reichherzer, A. Reimer, O. Reimer, H. Ren, M. Renaud, F. Rieger, B. Rudak, E. Ruiz-Velasco, V. Sahakian, A. Santangelo, M. Sasaki, J. Schäfer, F. Schüssler, H. M. Schutte, U. Schwanke, J. N. S. Shapopi, A. Specovius, S. Spencer, Ł. Stawarz, R. Steenkamp, S. Steinmassl, I. Sushch, H. Suzuki, T. Takahashi, T. Tanaka, R. Terrier, C. van Eldik, M. Vecchi, J. Veh, C. Venter, J. Vink, R. White, A. Wierzcholska, Yu Wun Wong, M. Zacharias, D. Zargaryan, A. A. Zdziarski, A. Zech, S. Zouari, N. Żywucka, and K. Mori
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. A VERITAS/Breakthrough Listen Search for Optical Technosignatures
- Author
-
A. Acharyya, C. B. Adams, A. Archer, P. Bangale, P. Batista, W. Benbow, A. Brill, M. Capasso, M. Errando, A. Falcone, Q. Feng, J. P. Finley, G. M. Foote, L. Fortson, A. Furniss, S. Griffin, W. Hanlon, D. Hanna, O. Hervet, C. E. Hinrichs, J. Hoang, J. Holder, T. B. Humensky, W. Jin, P. Kaaret, M. Kertzman, M. Kherlakian, D. Kieda, T. K. Kleiner, N. Korzoun, S. Kumar, M. J. Lang, M. Lundy, G. Maier, C. E. McGrath, M. J. Millard, H. R. Miller, J. Millis, C. L. Mooney, P. Moriarty, R. Mukherjee, S. O’Brien, R. A. Ong, M. Pohl, E. Pueschel, J. Quinn, K. Ragan, P. T. Reynolds, D. Ribeiro, E. Roache, J. L. Ryan, I. Sadeh, L. Saha, M. Santander, G. H. Sembroski, R. Shang, D. Tak, A. K. Talluri, J. V. Tucci, N. Vazquez, D. A. Williams, S. L. Wong, J. Woo, VERITAS Collaboration, D. DeBoer, H. Isaacson, I. de Pater, D. C. Price, and A. Siemion
- Subjects
Technosignatures ,Search for extraterrestrial intelligence ,Gamma-ray telescopes ,Transient detection ,Astronomy ,QB1-991 - Abstract
The Breakthrough Listen Initiative is conducting a program using multiple telescopes around the world to search for “technosignatures”: artificial transmitters of extraterrestrial origin from beyond our solar system. The Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS) Collaboration joined this program in 2018 and provides the capability to search for one particular technosignature: optical pulses of a few nanoseconds in duration detectable over interstellar distances. We report here on the analysis and results of dedicated VERITAS observations of Breakthrough Listen targets conducted in 2019 and 2020 and of archival VERITAS data collected since 2012. Thirty hours of dedicated observations of 136 targets and 249 archival observations of 140 targets were analyzed and did not reveal any signals consistent with a technosignature. The results are used to place limits on the fraction of stars hosting transmitting civilizations. We also discuss the minimum pulse sensitivity of our observations and present VERITAS observations of CALIOP: a space-based pulsed laser on board the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations. The detection of these pulses with VERITAS, using the analysis techniques developed for our technosignature search, allows a test of our analysis efficiency and serves as an important proof of principle.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. VERITAS Discovery of Very High Energy Gamma-Ray Emission from S3 1227+25 and Multiwavelength Observations
- Author
-
A. Acharyya, C. B. Adams, A. Archer, P. Bangale, W. Benbow, A. Brill, J. L. Christiansen, A. J. Chromey, M. Errando, A. Falcone, Q. Feng, J. P. Finley, G. M. Foote, L. Fortson, A. Furniss, G. Gallagher, W. Hanlon, D. Hanna, O. Hervet, C. E. Hinrichs, J. Hoang, J. Holder, W. Jin, M. N. Johnson, P. Kaaret, M. Kertzman, D. Kieda, T. K. Kleiner, N. Korzoun, F. Krennrich, M. J. Lang, M. Lundy, G. Maier, C. E McGrath, M. J. Millard, J. Millis, C. L. Mooney, P. Moriarty, R. Mukherjee, S. O’Brien, R. A. Ong, M. Pohl, E. Pueschel, J. Quinn, K. Ragan, P. T. Reynolds, D. Ribeiro, E. Roache, I. Sadeh, A. C. Sadun, L. Saha, M. Santander, G. H. Sembroski, R. Shang, M. Splettstoesser, A. K. Talluri, J. V. Tucci, V. V. Vassiliev, D. A. Williams, S. L. Wong, The VERITAS Collaboration, Talvikki Hovatta, Svetlana G. Jorstad, Sebastian Kiehlmann, Anne Lähteenmäki, Ioannis Liodakis, Alan P. Marscher, Walter Max-Moerbeck, Anthony C. S. Readhead, Rodrigo Reeves, Paul S. Smith, and Merja Tornikoski
- Subjects
Gamma-rays ,High energy astrophysics ,Blazars ,Active galactic nuclei ,Jets ,Astrophysics ,QB460-466 - Abstract
We report the detection of very high energy gamma-ray emission from the blazar S3 1227+25 (VER J1230+253) with the Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS). VERITAS observations of the source were triggered by the detection of a hard-spectrum GeV flare on 2015 May 15 with the Fermi-Large Area Telescope (LAT). A combined 5 hr VERITAS exposure on May 16 and 18 resulted in a strong 13 σ detection with a differential photon spectral index, Γ = 3.8 ± 0.4, and a flux level at 9% of the Crab Nebula above 120 GeV. This also triggered target-of-opportunity observations with Swift, optical photometry, polarimetry, and radio measurements, also presented in this work, in addition to the VERITAS and Fermi-LAT data. A temporal analysis of the gamma-ray flux during this period finds evidence of a shortest variability timescale of τ _obs = 6.2 ± 0.9 hr, indicating emission from compact regions within the jet, and the combined gamma-ray spectrum shows no strong evidence of a spectral cutoff. An investigation into correlations between the multiwavelength observations found evidence of optical and gamma-ray correlations, suggesting a single-zone model of emission. Finally, the multiwavelength spectral energy distribution is well described by a simple one-zone leptonic synchrotron self-Compton radiation model.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. VERITAS and Fermi-LAT Constraints on the Gamma-Ray Emission from Superluminous Supernovae SN2015bn and SN2017egm
- Author
-
A. Acharyya, C. B. Adams, P. Bangale, W. Benbow, J. H. Buckley, M. Capasso, V. V. Dwarkadas, M. Errando, A. Falcone, Q. Feng, J. P. Finley, G. M. Foote, L. Fortson, A. Furniss, G. Gallagher, A. Gent, W. F Hanlon, O. Hervet, J. Holder, T. B. Humensky, W. Jin, P. Kaaret, M. Kertzman, M. Kherlakian, D. Kieda, T. K Kleiner, S. Kumar, M. J. Lang, M. Lundy, G. Maier, C. E McGrath, J. Millis, P. Moriarty, R. Mukherjee, M. Nievas-Rosillo, S. O’Brien, R. A. Ong, S. R. Patel, K. Pfrang, M. Pohl, E. Pueschel, J. Quinn, K. Ragan, P. T. Reynolds, D. Ribeiro, E. Roache, J. L. Ryan, I. Sadeh, M. Santander, G. H. Sembroski, R. Shang, M. Splettstoesser, D. Tak, J. V. Tucci, A. Weinstein, D. A. Williams, VERITAS collaboration, B. D. Metzger, M. Nicholl, and I. Vurm
- Subjects
Shocks ,Gamma-rays ,Particle astrophysics ,Supernovae ,Magnetars ,Millisecond pulsars ,Astrophysics ,QB460-466 - Abstract
Superluminous supernovae (SLSNe) are a rare class of stellar explosions with luminosities ∼ 10–100 times greater than ordinary core-collapse supernovae. One popular model to explain the enhanced optical output of hydrogen-poor (Type I) SLSNe invokes energy injection from a rapidly spinning magnetar. A prediction in this case is that high-energy gamma-rays, generated in the wind nebula of the magnetar, could escape through the expanding supernova ejecta at late times (months or more after optical peak). This paper presents a search for gamma-ray emission in the broad energy band from 100 MeV to 30 TeV from two Type I SLSNe, SN2015bn, and SN2017egm, using observations from Fermi-LAT and VERITAS. Although no gamma-ray emission was detected from either source, the derived upper limits approach the putative magnetar’s spin-down luminosity. Prospects are explored for detecting very-high-energy (VHE; 100 GeV–100 TeV) emission from SLSNe-I with existing and planned facilities such as VERITAS and CTA.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Unclassified drug overdose deaths in the opioid crisis: emerging patterns of inequity.
- Author
-
Andrew J. Boslett, Alina Denham, Elaine L. Hill, and Meredith C. B. Adams
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Multiwavelength Observation Campaign of the TeV Gamma-Ray Binary HESS J0632 + 057 with NuSTAR, VERITAS, MDM, and Swift
- Author
-
Y. M. Tokayer, H. An, J. P. Halpern, J. Kim, K. Mori, C. J. Hailey, C. B. Adams, W. Benbow, A. Brill, J. H. Buckley, M. Capasso, M. Errando, A. Falcone, K. A Farrell, G. M Foote, L. Fortson, A. Furniss, A. Gent, C. Giuri, D. Hanna, T. Hassan, O. Hervet, J. Holder, B. Hona, T. B. Humensky, W. Jin, P. Kaaret, M. Kertzman, D. Kieda, M. J. Lang, G. Maier, C. E McGrath, P. Moriarty, R. Mukherjee, M. Nievas-Rosillo, S. O’Brien, R. A. Ong, A. N. Otte, N. Park, S. Patel, K. Pfrang, M. Pohl, R. R. Prado, E. Pueschel, J. Quinn, K. Ragan, P. T. Reynolds, D. Ribeiro, E. Roache, J. L. Ryan, M. Santander, S. Schlenstedt, G. H. Sembroski, A. Weinstein, D. A. Williams, and T. J Williamson
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. A Standardized Emergency Department Order Set Decreases Admission Rates and In-Patient Length of Stay for Adults Patients with Sickle Cell Disease
- Author
-
Anthony A Wachnik, Jena L Welch-Coltrane, Meredith C B Adams, Howard A Blumstein, Manoj Pariyadath, Samuel G Robinson, Amit Saha, Erik C Summers, and Robert W Hurley
- Subjects
Adult ,Analgesics, Opioid ,Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine ,Humans ,Pain ,Prospective Studies ,Anemia, Sickle Cell ,Neurology (clinical) ,General Medicine ,Special Populations Section ,Length of Stay ,Emergency Service, Hospital ,Retrospective Studies - Abstract
Introduction Pain associated with sickle cell disease (SCD) causes severe complications and frequent presentation to the emergency department (ED). Patients with SCD frequently report inadequate pain treatment in the ED, resulting in hospital admission. A retrospective analysis was conducted to assess a quality improvement project to standardize ED care for patients presenting with pain associated with SCD. Methods A 3-year prospective quality improvement initiative was performed. Our multidisciplinary team of providers implemented an ED order set in 2019 to improve care and provide adequate analgesia management. Our primary outcome was the overall hospital admission rate for patients after the intervention. Secondary outcome measures included ED disposition, rate of return to the ED within 72 hours, ED pain scores at admission and discharge, ED treatment time, in-patient length of stay, non-opioid medication use, and opioid medication use. Results There was an overall 67% reduction in the hospital admission rate after implementation of the order set (P = 0.005) and a significant decrease in the percentage admission rate month over month (P = 0.047). Time to the first non-opioid analgesic decreased by 71 minutes (P > 0.001), and there was no change in time to the first opioid medication. The rate of return to the ED within 72 hours remained unchanged (7.0% vs 7.1%) (P = 0.93), and the ED elopement rate remained unchanged (1.3% vs 1.85%) (P = 0.93). After the implementation, there were significant increases in the prescribing of orally administered acetaminophen (7%), celecoxib (1.2%), and tizanidine (12.5%) and intravenous ketamine (30.5%) and ketorolac (27%). ED pain scores at discharge were unchanged for both hospital-admitted (7.12 vs 7.08) (P = 0.93) and non-admitted (5.51 vs 6.11) (P = 0.27) patients. The resulting potential cost reduction was determined to be $193,440 during the 12-month observation period, with the mean cost per visit decreasing by $792. Conclusions Use of a standardized and multimodal ED order set reduced hospital admission rates and the timeliness of analgesia without negatively impacting patients’ pain.
- Published
- 2022
9. NIH HEAL Clinical Data Elements (CDE) implementation: NIH HEAL Initiative IMPOWR network IDEA-CC
- Author
-
Meredith C B Adams, Robert W Hurley, Andrew Siddons, Umit Topaloglu, and Laura D Wandner
- Subjects
Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine ,Neurology (clinical) ,General Medicine - Abstract
ObjectiveThe National Institutes of Health (NIH) HEAL Initiative is making data findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable (FAIR) to maximize the value of the unprecedented federal investment in pain and opioid-use disorder research. This involves standardizing the use of common data elements (CDE) for clinical research.MethodsThis work describes the process of the selection, processing, harmonization, and design constraints of CDE across a pain and opioid use disorder clinical trials network (NIH HEAL IMPOWR).ResultsThe network alignment allowed for incorporation of newer data standards across the clinical trials. Specific advances included geographic coding (RUCA), deidentified patient identifiers (GUID), shareable clinical survey libraries (REDCap), and concept mapping to standardized concepts (UMLS).ConclusionsWhile complex, harmonization across a network of chronic pain and opioid use disorder clinical trials with separate interventions can be optimized through use of CDEs and data standardization processes. This standardization process will support the robust secondary data analyses. Scaling this process could standardize CDE results across interventions or disease state which could help inform insurance companies or government organizations about coverage determinations. The development of the HEAL CDE program supports connecting isolated studies and solutions to each other, but the practical aspects may be challenging for some studies to implement. Leveraging tools and technology to simplify process and create ready to use resources may support wider adoption of consistent data standards.
- Published
- 2023
10. Michigan body map: connecting the NIH HEAL IMPOWR network to the HEAL ecosystem
- Author
-
Meredith C B Adams, Chad M Brummett, Laura D Wandner, Umit Topaloglu, and Robert W Hurley
- Subjects
Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine ,Neurology (clinical) ,General Medicine - Published
- 2023
11. Representation of Pain Concepts and Terms in Existing Ontologies and Taxonomies
- Author
-
Meredith C B Adams, Jennifer R Smith, Shur-Jen Wang, and Mary Shimoyama
- Subjects
Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine ,Neurology (clinical) ,General Medicine - Published
- 2022
12. Daring discourse: artificial intelligence in pain medicine, opportunities and challenges
- Author
-
Meredith C B Adams, Ariana M Nelson, and Samer Narouze
- Subjects
Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine ,General Medicine - Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) tools are currently expanding their influence within healthcare. For pain clinics, unfettered introduction of AI may cause concern in both patients and healthcare teams. Much of the concern stems from the lack of community standards and understanding of how the tools and algorithms function. Data literacy and understanding can be challenging even for experienced healthcare providers as these topics are not incorporated into standard clinical education pathways. Another reasonable concern involves the potential for encoding bias in healthcare screening and treatment using faulty algorithms. And yet, the massive volume of data generated by healthcare encounters is increasingly challenging for healthcare teams to navigate and will require an intervention to make the medical record manageable in the future. AI approaches that lighten the workload and support clinical decision-making may provide a solution to the ever-increasing menial tasks involved in clinical care. The potential for pain providers to have higher-quality connections with their patients and manage multiple complex data sources might balance the understandable concerns around data quality and decision-making that accompany introduction of AI. As a specialty, pain medicine will need to establish thoughtful and intentionally integrated AI tools to help clinicians navigate the changing landscape of patient care.
- Published
- 2023
13. Evaluation of electronic recruitment efforts of primary care providers as research subjects during the COVID-19 pandemic
- Author
-
Olena Mazurenko, Lindsey Sanner, Nate C. Apathy, Burke W. Mamlin, Nir Menachemi, Meredith C. B. Adams, Robert W. Hurley, Saura Fortin Erazo, and Christopher A. Harle
- Subjects
Primary Health Care ,Research Subjects ,Patient Selection ,COVID-19 ,Humans ,Electronics - Abstract
Background Recruiting healthcare providers as research subjects often rely on in-person recruitment strategies. Little is known about recruiting provider participants via electronic recruitment methods. In this study, conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, we describe and evaluate a primarily electronic approach to recruiting primary care providers (PCPs) as subjects in a pragmatic randomized controlled trial (RCT) of a decision support intervention. Methods We adapted an existing framework for healthcare provider research recruitment, employing an electronic consent form and a mix of brief synchronous video presentations, email, and phone calls to recruit PCPs into the RCT. To evaluate the success of each electronic strategy, we estimated the number of consented PCPs associated with each strategy, the number of days to recruit each PCP and recruitment costs. Results We recruited 45 of 63 eligible PCPs practicing at ten primary care clinic locations over 55 days. On average, it took 17 business days to recruit a PCP (range 0–48) and required three attempts (range 1–7). Email communication from the clinic leaders led to the most successful recruitments, followed by brief synchronous video presentations at regularly scheduled clinic meetings. We spent approximately $89 per recruited PCP. We faced challenges of low email responsiveness and limited opportunities to forge relationships. Conclusion PCPs can be efficiently recruited at low costs as research subjects using primarily electronic communications, even during a time of high workload and stress. Electronic peer leader outreach and synchronous video presentations may be particularly useful recruitment strategies. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04295135. Registered 04 March 2020.
- Published
- 2022
14. Assessing the use of a clinical decision support tool for pain management in primary care
- Author
-
Nate C Apathy, Lindsey Sanner, Meredith C B Adams, Burke W Mamlin, Randall W Grout, Saura Fortin, Jennifer Hillstrom, Amit Saha, Evgenia Teal, Joshua R Vest, Nir Menachemi, Robert W Hurley, Christopher A Harle, and Olena Mazurenko
- Subjects
Health Informatics - Abstract
Objective Given time constraints, poorly organized information, and complex patients, primary care providers (PCPs) can benefit from clinical decision support (CDS) tools that aggregate and synthesize problem-specific patient information. First, this article describes the design and functionality of a CDS tool for chronic noncancer pain in primary care. Second, we report on the retrospective analysis of real-world usage of the tool in the context of a pragmatic trial. Materials and methods The tool known as OneSheet was developed using user-centered principles and built in the Epic electronic health record (EHR) of 2 health systems. For each relevant patient, OneSheet presents pertinent information in a single EHR view to assist PCPs in completing guideline-recommended opioid risk mitigation tasks, review previous and current patient treatments, view patient-reported pain, physical function, and pain-related goals. Results Overall, 69 PCPs accessed OneSheet 2411 times (since November 2020). PCP use of OneSheet varied significantly by provider and was highly skewed (site 1: median accesses per provider: 17 [interquartile range (IQR) 9–32]; site 2: median: 8 [IQR 5–16]). Seven “power users” accounted for 70% of the overall access instances across both sites. OneSheet has been accessed an average of 20 times weekly between the 2 sites. Discussion Modest OneSheet use was observed relative to the number of eligible patients seen with chronic pain. Conclusions Organizations implementing CDS tools are likely to see considerable provider-level variation in usage, suggesting that CDS tools may vary in their utility across PCPs, even for the same condition, because of differences in provider and care team workflows.
- Published
- 2022
15. Case 11: Angry Patient
- Author
-
Meredith C. B. Adams
- Published
- 2022
16. Case 8: Spasticity and Pain
- Author
-
Peter V. Gikas and Meredith C. B. Adams
- Published
- 2022
17. Case 10: Chronic Pain Patient After Spine Surgery
- Author
-
Christopher Howson and Meredith C. B. Adams
- Published
- 2022
18. Case 15: Comorbid Psychological Condition
- Author
-
Gwynne Kirchen and Meredith C. B. Adams
- Published
- 2022
19. Detection of the Crab Nebula by the prototype Schwarzschild-Couder Telescope
- Author
-
G. Pareschi, Manel Errando, Corbin Covault, F. Di Pierro, S. I. Mognet, V. Masone, N. Giglietto, D. B. Kieda, L. Di Venere, E. Roache, M. Ambrosio, Julien Rousselle, Justin Vandenbroucke, D. Ribeiro, N. Otte, Maria Ionica, Alasdair E. Gent, F. R. Pantaleo, Enrico Giro, A. Boiano, K. Meagher, Serena Loporchio, E. Fiandrini, H. Tajima, Valerio Vagelli, Atsushi Okumura, Marcos Santander, B. A. W. Mode, Luca Tosti, S. Incardona, L. P. Taylor, E. Pueschel, G. Ambrosi, David A. Williams, M. Capasso, V. V. Vassiliev, M. Bitossi, P. I. Batista, Bruna Bertucci, J. H. Buckley, A. Brill, A. M. Brown, G. Tripodo, W. Jin, G. Marsella, Wystan Benbow, C. Bonavolontà, S. J. Fegan, Richard Bose, R. Shang, D. Depaoli, R. Paoletti, Jamie Holder, Rodolfo Canestrari, F. Licciulli, Andrea Rugliancich, Thomas Meures, M. Valentino, Amy Furniss, Olivier Hervet, C. B. Adams, Carla Aramo, R. A. Cameron, Q. Feng, T. B. Humensky, Elisabetta Bissaldi, L. Stiaccini, A. Zink, Reshmi Mukherjee, G. H. Tovmassian, L. Riitano, Ferdinando Giordano, R. Halliday, and M. Caprai
- Subjects
astro-ph.HE ,High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE) ,Pixel ,business.industry ,Computer science ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Field of view ,Cherenkov Telescope Array ,law.invention ,Telescope ,Crab Nebula ,Silicon photomultiplier ,Optics ,law ,Observatory ,Angular resolution ,business ,Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,astro-ph.IM ,Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM) - Abstract
The Schwarzschild-Couder Telescope (SCT) is a medium-sized telescope technology proposed for the Cherenkov Telescope Array. It uses a novel dual-mirror optical design that removes comatic aberrations across its entire field of view. The SCT camera employs high-resolution silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) sensors with a pixel size of 4 arcminutes. A prototype SCT (pSCT) has been constructed at the Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory in Arizona, USA. An observing campaign in 2020, with a partial camera of 1600 pixels (2.7 degrees by 2.7 degrees field of view) resulted in detection of the Crab Nebula at 8.6 sigma statistical significance. Work on the pSCT camera and optical system is ongoing to improve performance and prepare for an upcoming camera upgrade. The pSCT camera upgrade will replace the current camera modules with improved SiPMs and readout electronics and will expand the camera to its full design field of view of 8 degrees in diameter (11,328 pixels). The fully upgraded pSCT will enable next-generation very-high-energy gamma-ray astrophysics through excellent background rejection and angular resolution. In this presentation we describe first results from the successful operation of the pSCT and future plans., 9 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables, contribution to ICRC 2021, similar to 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2021.102562 (arXiv:2012.08448)
- Published
- 2021
20. Status of the VERITAS Stellar Intensity Interferometry (VSII) System
- Author
-
P. Moriarty, Alasdair E. Gent, James Ryan, R. Shang, Daniel Nieto, E. Roache, M. Capasso, M. Kertzman, T. J. Williamson, Davis Jonathan, David R. Williams, K. Ragan, S. O'Brien, Wystan Benbow, M. J. Lang, Marcos Santander, P. Kaaret, M. Pohl, Reshmi Mukherjee, C. E. McGrath, I. Sadeh, A. Brill, K Matthews Nolan, A. J.R. Weinstein, Jamie Holder, C. Giuri, Q. Feng, John L. Quinn, A. Archer, D. Ribeiro, M. Nievas-Rosillo, Sameer Patel, Orel Gueta, A. D. Falcone, Manel Errando, G. H. Sembroski, Gernot Maier, S. Kumar, R. R. Prado, D. S. Hanna, C. B. Adams, David Kieda, T. B. Humensky, S. Patel, LeBohec Tugdual, R. A. Ong, G. H. Gillanders, Olivier Hervet, K. A. Farrell, V. V. Vassiliev, Lisa Mike, Lucy Fortson, Jodi Christiansen, Tobias Kleiner, G. M. Foote, J. H. Buckley, A. J. Chromey, donggeun tak, A. N. Otte, K. Pfrang, W. Jin, M. Lundy, Binita Hona, Amy Furniss, E. Pueschel, and P. T. Reynolds
- Subjects
Physics ,Interferometry ,Astronomy ,Intensity (physics) - Published
- 2021
21. Very High Energy Gamma-ray Emission from the Binary System LS I +61 303
- Author
-
G. M. Foote, S. O'Brien, W. Jin, Tobias Kleiner, R. Shang, Orel Gueta, R. R. Prado, P. Kaaret, P. T. Reynolds, E. Pueschel, John L. Quinn, I. Sadeh, C. B. Adams, James Ryan, D. Ribeiro, David R. Williams, M. Pohl, Gernot Maier, Jodi Christiansen, Q. Feng, T. B. Humensky, M. Lundy, Marcos Santander, Lucy Fortson, P. Moriarty, Olivier Hervet, C. E. McGrath, M. Capasso, M. Kertzman, A. J.R. Weinstein, A. Brill, A. N. Otte, Daniel Nieto, David Kieda, T. J. Williamson, K. Pfrang, Manel Errando, S. Kumar, R. A. Ong, S. Patel, G. H. Sembroski, J. H. Buckley, M. Nievas-Rosillo, Binita Hona, D. S. Hanna, K. A. Farrell, V. V. Vassiliev, Sameer Patel, donggeun tak, Amy Furniss, A. Archer, E. Roache, A. J. Chromey, G. H. Gillanders, Reshmi Mukherjee, C. Giuri, Alasdair E. Gent, K. Ragan, M. J. Lang, A. D. Falcone, Jamie Holder, and Wystan Benbow
- Subjects
Physics ,High energy ,Gamma ray ,Binary system ,Computational physics - Published
- 2021
22. The VERITAS-Stellar Intensity Interferometry (VSII) survey of Stellar Diameters
- Author
-
James Ryan, Wystan Benbow, Mike Lisa, G. M. Foote, P. Moriarty, C. B. Adams, Lucy Fortson, Amy Furniss, Q. Feng, R. A. Ong, P. T. Reynolds, M. Capasso, M. Kertzman, Manel Errando, E. Pueschel, Orel Gueta, Daniel Nieto, T. J. Williamson, S. Kumar, T. B. Humensky, M. Nievas-Rosillo, G. H. Sembroski, S. Patel, Nolan Matthews, Sameer Patel, Alasdair E. Gent, J. H. Buckley, A. N. Otte, D. S. Hanna, Marcos Santander, M. Lundy, Tugdual LeBohec, P. Kaaret, A. Archer, K. Pfrang, Gernot Maier, A. J. Chromey, S. O'Brien, Binita Hona, C. E. McGrath, donggeun tak, Olivier Hervet, David R. Williams, Reshmi Mukherjee, A. Brill, G. H. Gillanders, A. J.R. Weinstein, Jonathan Davis, Jodi Christiansen, I. Sadeh, C. Giuri, R. Shang, Tobias Kleiner, E. Roache, David Kieda, M. Pohl, K. Ragan, K. A. Farrell, V. V. Vassiliev, John L. Quinn, D. Ribeiro, R. R. Prado, W. Jin, Jamie Holder, M. J. Lang, and A. D. Falcone
- Subjects
Telescope ,Physics ,Interferometry ,Stars ,Cardinal point ,Optical wavelength ,law ,IACT ,Astrophysics ,Cherenkov radiation ,Intensity (physics) ,law.invention - Abstract
The VERITAS Imaging Air Cherenkov Telescope (IACT) array was augmented in 2019 with high-speed focal plane electronics to allow its use for Stellar Intensity Interferometry (SII) observations. Since January 2019, The VERITAS Stellar Interferometer (VSII) recorded more than 250 hours of moonlit observations on 39 different bright stars and binary systems ($m_V < 3.74$ ) at an effective optical wavelength of 416 nm. These observations resulted in the measurement of the diameters of several stars with better than 5\% resolution. This talk will describe the status of the VSII survey and analysis.
- Published
- 2021
23. Very High Energy Gamma-ray Emission from the Binary System LS I +61 303
- Author
-
Kieda, David, primary, C. B., Adams, additional, A., Archer, additional, W., Benbow, additional, A., Brill, additional, J. H., Buckley, additional, M., Capasso, additional, J. L., Christiansen, additional, A. J., Chromey, additional, M., Errando, additional, A., Falcone, additional, K. A., Farrell, additional, Q., Feng, additional, G. M., Foote, additional, L., Fortson, additional, A., Furniss, additional, A., Gent, additional, G. H., Gillanders, additional, C., Giuri, additional, O., Gueta, additional, D., Hanna, additional, O., Hervet, additional, J., Holder, additional, B., Hona, additional, T. B., Humensky, additional, W., Jin, additional, P., Kaaret, additional, M., Kertzman, additional, T. K., Kleiner, additional, S., Kumar, additional, M. J., Lang, additional, M., Lundy, additional, G., Maier, additional, C. E., McGrath, additional, P., Moriarty, additional, R., Mukherjee, additional, D., Nieto, additional, M., Nievas-Rosillo, additional, S., O'Brien, additional, R. A., Ong, additional, A. N., Otte, additional, S. R., Patel, additional, S., Patel, additional, K., Pfrang, additional, M., Pohl, additional, R. R., Prado, additional, E., Pueschel, additional, J., Quinn, additional, K., Ragan, additional, P. T., Reynolds, additional, D., Ribeiro, additional, E., Roache, additional, J. L., Ryan, additional, I., Sadeh, additional, M., Santander, additional, G. H., Sembroski, additional, R., Shang, additional, D., Tak, additional, V. V., Vassiliev, additional, A., Weinstein, additional, D. A., Williams, additional, and T. J., Williamson, additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Status of the VERITAS Stellar Intensity Interferometry (VSII) System
- Author
-
Kieda, David, primary, Jonathan, Davis, additional, Tugdual, LeBohec, additional, Nolan K., Matthews, additional, Mike, Lisa, additional, C. B., Adams, additional, A., Archer, additional, W., Benbow, additional, A., Brill, additional, J. H., Buckley, additional, M., Capasso, additional, J. L., Christiansen, additional, A. J., Chromey, additional, M., Errando, additional, A., Falcone, additional, K. A., Farrell, additional, Q., Feng, additional, G. M., Foote, additional, L., Fortson, additional, A., Furniss, additional, A., Gent, additional, G. H., Gillanders, additional, C., Giuri, additional, O., Gueta, additional, D., Hanna, additional, O., Hervet, additional, J., Holder, additional, B., Hona, additional, T. B., Humensky, additional, W., Jin, additional, P., Kaaret, additional, M., Kertzman, additional, T. K., Kleiner, additional, S., Kumar, additional, M. J., Lang, additional, M., Lundy, additional, G., Maier, additional, C. E., McGrath, additional, P., Moriarty, additional, R., Mukherjee, additional, D., Nieto, additional, M., Nievas-Rosillo, additional, S., O'Brien, additional, R. A., Ong, additional, A. N., Otte, additional, S. R., Patel, additional, S., Patel, additional, K., Pfrang, additional, M., Pohl, additional, R. R., Prado, additional, E., Pueschel, additional, J., Quinn, additional, K., Ragan, additional, P. T., Reynolds, additional, D., Ribeiro, additional, E., Roache, additional, J. L., Ryan, additional, I., Sadeh, additional, M., Santander, additional, G. H., Sembroski, additional, R., Shang, additional, D., Tak, additional, V. V., Vassiliev, additional, A., Weinstein, additional, D. A., Williams, additional, and T. J., Williamson, additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. The VERITAS-Stellar Intensity Interferometry (VSII) survey of Stellar Diameters
- Author
-
Kieda, David, primary, Davis, Jonathan, additional, LeBohec, Tugdual, additional, Lisa, Mike, additional, N. K., Matthews, additional, C. B., Adams, additional, A., Archer, additional, W., Benbow, additional, A., Brill, additional, J. H., Buckley, additional, M., Capasso, additional, J. L., Christiansen, additional, A. J., Chromey, additional, M., Errando, additional, A., Falcone, additional, K. A., Farrell, additional, Q., Feng, additional, G. M., Foote, additional, L., Fortson, additional, A., Furniss, additional, A., Gent, additional, G. H., Gillanders, additional, C., Giuri, additional, O., Gueta, additional, D., Hanna, additional, O., Hervet, additional, J., Holder, additional, B., Hona, additional, T. B., Humensky, additional, W., Jin, additional, P., Kaaret, additional, M., Kertzman, additional, T. K., Kleiner, additional, S., Kumar, additional, M. J., Lang, additional, M., Lundy, additional, G., Maier, additional, C. E., McGrath, additional, P., Moriarty, additional, R., Mukherjee, additional, D., Nieto, additional, M., Nievas-Rosillo, additional, S., O'Brien, additional, R. A., Ong, additional, A. N., Otte, additional, S. R., Patel, additional, S., Patel, additional, K., Pfrang, additional, M., Pohl, additional, R. R., Prado, additional, E., Pueschel, additional, J., Quinn, additional, K., Ragan, additional, P. T., Reynolds, additional, D., Ribeiro, additional, E., Roache, additional, J. L., Ryan, additional, I., Sadeh, additional, M., Santander, additional, G. H., Sembroski, additional, R., Shang, additional, D., Tak, additional, V. V., Vassiliev, additional, A., Weinstein, additional, D. A., Williams, additional, and T. J., Williamson, additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Plant and animal responses of elephant grass pasture-based systems mixed with pinto peanut
- Author
-
G. L. de Godoy, M. Arrial, M. D. F. A. de Oliveira, Clair Jorge Olivo, T. J. Tonin, J. C. Sauthier, H. P. Schiafino, L. R. Proença, P. B. dos Santos, Antonia Maira Emelly Cabral da Silva Vieira, Lucas Giovane Casagrande, and C. B. Adams
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Forage ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,Pasture ,Nutrient ,Animal science ,chemistry ,Grazing ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,Genetics ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Arachis pintoi ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Dry matter ,Organic matter ,Pennisetum purpureum ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
The effects of growing pinto peanut mixed with elephant grass-based pastures are still little known. The aim of the current research was to evaluate the performance of herbage yield, nutritive value of forage and animal responses to levels of pinto peanut forage mass mixed with elephant grass in low-input systems. Three grazing systems were evaluated: (i) elephant grass-based (control); (ii) pinto peanut, low-density forage yield (63 g/kg of dry matter – DM) + elephant grass; and (iii) pinto peanut, high-density dry matter forage yield (206 g/kg DM) + elephant grass. The experimental design was completely randomized with the three treatments (grazing systems) and three replicates (paddocks) in split-plot grazing cycles. Forage samples were collected to evaluate the pasture and animal responses. Leaf blades of elephant grass and the other companion grasses of pinto peanut were collected to analyse the crude protein, in vitro digestible organic matter and total digestible nutrients. The pinto peanut, high-density dry matter forage yield + elephant grass treatment was found to give the best results in terms of herbage yield, forage intake and stocking rate, as well as having higher crude protein contents for both elephant grass and the other grasses, followed by pinto peanut with low-density forage yield + elephant grass and finally elephant grass alone. Better results were found with the grass–legume system for pasture and animal responses.
- Published
- 2019
27. Multi-Wavelength Observation Campaign of the TeV Gamma-Ray Binary HESS J0632+057 with NuSTAR, VERITAS, MDM, and Swift
- Author
-
Y. M. Tokayer, H. An, J. P. Halpern, J. Kim, K. Mori, C. J. Hailey, C. B. Adams, W. Benbow, A. Brill, J. H. Buckley, M. Capasso, M. Errando, A. Falcone, K. A Farrell, G. M Foote, L. Fortson, A. Furniss, A. Gent, C. Giuri, D. Hanna, T. Hassan, O. Hervet, J. Holder, B. Hona, T. B. Humensky, W. Jin, P. Kaaret, M. Kertzman, D. Kieda, M. J. Lang, G. Maier, C. E McGrath, P. Moriarty, R. Mukherjee, M. Nievas-Rosillo, S. O’Brien, R. A. Ong, A. N. Otte, N. Park, S. Patel, K. Pfrang, M. Pohl, R. R. Prado, E. Pueschel, J. Quinn, K. Ragan, P. T. Reynolds, D. Ribeiro, E. Roache, J. L. Ryan, M. Santander, S. Schlenstedt, G. H. Sembroski, A. Weinstein, D. A. Williams, and T. J Williamson
- Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE) ,Space and Planetary Science ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena - Abstract
HESS J0632+057 belongs to a rare subclass of binary systems which emits gamma-rays above 100 GeV. It stands out for its distinctive high-energy light curve, which features a sharp ``primary'' peak and broader ``secondary'' peak. We present the results of contemporaneous observations by NuSTAR and VERITAS during the secondary peak between Dec. 2019 and Feb. 2020, when the orbital phase ($\phi$) is between 0.55 and 0.75. NuSTAR detected X-ray spectral evolution, while VERITAS detected TeV emission. We fit a leptonic wind-collision model to the multi-wavelength spectra data obtained over the four NuSTAR and VERITAS observations, constraining the pulsar spin-down luminosity and the magnetization parameter at the shock. Despite long-term monitoring of the source from Oct. 2019 to Mar. 2020, the MDM observatory did not detect significant variation in H$\alpha$ and H$\beta$ line equivalent widths, an expected signature of Be-disk interaction with the pulsar. Furthermore, fitting folded Swift-XRT light curve data with an intra-binary shock model constrained the orbital parameters, suggesting two orbital phases (at $\phi_D = 0.13$ and 0.37) where the pulsar crosses the Be-disk, as well as phases for the periastron ($\phi_0 = 0.30$) and inferior conjunction ($\phi_{\text{IFC}} = 0.75$). The broad-band X-ray spectra with Swift-XRT and NuSTAR allowed us to measure a higher neutral hydrogen column density at one of the predicted disk-passing phases., Comment: 21 pages, 9 figures, accepted to ApJ
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. VERITAS Observations of the Galactic Center Region at Multi-TeV Gamma-Ray Energies
- Author
-
G. H. Sembroski, M. Lundy, P. Moriarty, Lucy Fortson, T. B. Humensky, S. Schlenstedt, Martin Pohl, Gernot Maier, Alasdair E. Gent, M. K. Daniel, Manel Errando, S. P. Wakely, A. Weinstein, J. P. Finley, Reshmi Mukherjee, M. Kertzman, C. Giuri, Jodi Christiansen, K. Ragan, Robert Brose, P. Kaaret, A. N. Otte, A. D. Falcone, K. Pfrang, Marcos Santander, D. S. Hanna, R. Shang, Wystan Benbow, David Kieda, G. H. Gillanders, Olivier Hervet, R. R. Prado, M. Buchovecky, John L. Quinn, D. Ribeiro, S. O'Brien, E. Roache, David A. Williams, R. A. Ong, S. Kumar, A. Brill, Daniel Nieto, Q. Feng, Amy Furniss, James Ryan, F. Krennrich, P. T. Reynolds, M. Nievas-Rosillo, E. Pueschel, B. Stevenson, A. J. Chromey, C. B. Adams, G. Hughes, Jamie Holder, M. J. Lang, Gordon T. Richards, N. Kelley-Hoskins, W. Jin, and M. Capasso
- Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,accelerator ,High-energy astronomy ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,atmosphere [Cherenkov counter] ,VHE [gamma ray] ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Cosmic ray ,Astrophysics ,power spectrum ,01 natural sciences ,emission [gamma ray] ,HESS ,0103 physical sciences ,supernova ,black hole ,TeV ,cloud ,composite ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE) ,Physics ,Supermassive black hole ,Spectral index ,background ,Galactic Center ,Gamma ray ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Light curve ,flux ,Supernova ,13. Climate action ,Space and Planetary Science ,cosmic radiation ,ddc:520 ,VERITAS ,galaxy ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena - Abstract
The Galactic Center (GC) region hosts a variety of powerful astronomical sources and rare astrophysical processes that emit a large flux of non-thermal radiation. The inner 375 pc x 600 pc region, called the Central Molecular Zone, is home to the supermassive black hole Sagittarius A*, massive cloud complexes, and particle accelerators such as supernova remnants. We present the results of our improved analysis of the very-high-energy (VHE) gamma-ray emission above 2 TeV from the GC using 125 hours of data taken with the VERITAS imaging-atmospheric Cherenkov telescope between 2010 and 2018. The central source VER J1745-290, consistent with the position of Sagittarius A*, is detected at a significance of 38 standard deviations above the background level $(38\sigma)$, and we report its spectrum and light curve. Its differential spectrum is consistent with a power law with exponential cutoff, with a spectral index of $2.12^{+0.22}_{-0.17}$, a flux normalization at 5.3 TeV of $1.27^{+0.22}_{-0.23}\times 10^{-13}$ TeV-1 cm-2 s-1, and cutoff energy of $10.0^{+4.0}_{-2.0}$ TeV. We also present results on the diffuse emission near the GC, obtained by combining data from multiple regions along the GC ridge which yield a cumulative significance of $9.5\sigma$. The diffuse GC ridge spectrum is best fit by a power law with a hard index of 2.19 $\pm$ 0.20, showing no evidence of a cutoff up to 40 TeV. This strengthens the evidence for a potential accelerator of PeV cosmic rays being present in the GC. We also provide spectra of the other sources in our field of view with significant detections, composite supernova remnant G0.9+0.1 and HESS J1746-285., Comment: 19 pages, 8 figures, Accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journal
- Published
- 2021
29. Detection of the Crab Nebula with the 9.7 m prototype Schwarzschild-Couder telescope
- Author
-
Gagik Tovmassian, F. Di Pierro, V. Masone, M. Ambrosio, C. B. Adams, N. La Palombara, A. Brill, Amy Furniss, K. Meagher, Marcos Santander, Nicola Giglietto, Olivier Hervet, Wystan Benbow, C. Bonavolontà, S. I. Mognet, Maria Ionica, A. Bouvier, S. P. Wakely, Vladimir Vassiliev, F. R. Pantaleo, Fernando Garfias, Alasdair E. Gent, Akira Okumura, S. Loporchio, A. Kuznetsov, J. Thornhill, J. H. Buckley, R. A. Cameron, L. Stiaccini, E. Fiandrini, E. Pueschel, S. Schlenstedt, R. J. White, L. Di Venere, Thomas Meures, G. Ambrosi, Arturo Iriarte, Daniel Nieto, M. Valentino, Riccardo Paoletti, Q. Feng, S. J. Fegan, A. Boiano, V. J. Guarino, David Kieda, G. Hughes, Julien Rousselle, G. Sironi, Justin Vandenbroucke, V. Vagelli, R. Shang, Enrico Giro, B. A. W. Mode, T. B. Humensky, A. Petrashyk, W. Jin, Maria Magdalena González, N. Otte, M. Caprai, Stefan Funk, M. Bitossi, D. Ribeiro, Karen Byrum, B. Bertucci, G. Pareschi, Andrea Rugliancich, Manel Errando, D. Depaoli, E. Roache, J. Ruíz-Díaz-Soto, T. C. Arlen, Michael Schneider, Jason John Watson, T. Nguyen, B. Stevenson, Jonathan Biteau, L. Tosti, Reshmi Mukherjee, David A. Williams, Jonathan S. Lapington, P. Kaaret, C. A. Johnson, Elisabetta Bissaldi, Gordon T. Richards, P. Fortin, Carla Aramo, Francesco Giordano, Salvo Scuderi, G. M. Foote, Hiroyasu Tajima, Richard Bose, Jamie Holder, R. Halliday, P. Yu, Rodolfo Canestrari, Ruben Alfaro, D. Ross, A. Zink, P. Wilcox, P. I. Batista, Matthew Wood, P. T. Reynolds, B. Kim, F. Licciulli, L. P. Taylor, A. M. Brown, M. Capasso, Corbin Covault, Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)
- Subjects
Cherenkov Telescope Array ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Cosmic ray ,Field of view ,01 natural sciences ,law.invention ,Telescope ,Primary mirror ,law ,Observatory ,pixel ,0103 physical sciences ,optical ,Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics ,photomultiplier: silicon ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det] ,mirror ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM) ,Cherenkov radiation ,Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics ,Physics ,High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE) ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,Astronomy ,resolution ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,radiation: Cherenkov ,aberration ,cascade ,observatory ,Crab Nebula ,gamma ray: emission ,cosmic radiation ,atmosphere ,Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,[PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph] ,statistical - Abstract
The Schwarzschild-Couder Telescope (SCT) is a telescope concept proposed for the Cherenkov Telescope Array. It employs a dual-mirror optical design to remove comatic aberrations over an $8^{\circ}$ field of view, and a high-density silicon photomultiplier camera (with a pixel resolution of 4 arcmin) to record Cherenkov emission from cosmic ray and gamma-ray initiated particle cascades in the atmosphere. The prototype SCT (pSCT), comprising a 9.7 m diameter primary mirror and a partially instrumented camera with 1536 pixels, has been constructed at the Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory. The telescope was inaugurated in January 2019, with commissioning continuing throughout 2019. We describe the first campaign of observations with the pSCT, conducted in January and February of 2020, and demonstrate the detection of gamma-ray emission from the Crab Nebula with a statistical significance of $8.6\sigma$., Comment: 13 pages, 12 figures, 3 tables, submitted to Astroparticle Physics
- Published
- 2021
30. Broadband Multi-wavelength Properties of M87 during the 2017 Event Horizon Telescope Campaign
- Author
-
Masanori Nakamura, R. Shang, Abelardo Moralejo, A. Rugliancich, Marina Manganaro, Jun Liu, Monika Moscibrodzka, Andreas Specovius, V. Ramakrishnan, S. O'Brien, Michal Ostrowski, Luis C. Ho, Sera Markoff, D. Depaoli, I. Jung-Richardt, Manel Errando, Chiara Righi, S. Panny, Toshiaki Inada, Alexandra J. Tetarenko, Daniela Dorner, Norbert Wex, Nimesh A. Patel, Olivier Hervet, C. Arcaro, Alasdair E. Gent, Yu Wun Wong, Gaia Vanzo, Pierre Brun, Konstancja Satalecka, Stefan Funk, Lorenzo Bellizzi, Michael Lindqvist, Michele Doro, Felix Jankowsky, P. Kaaret, Nicholas R. MacDonald, Lang Cui, P. Temnikov, S. Patel, Sabrina Einecke, Manuel Artero, E. Moretti, Hope Boyce, M. Gaug, Charles F. Gammie, Iryna Lypova, Gisela N. Ortiz-León, Felix Aharonian, Colin J. Lonsdale, Buell T. Jannuzi, Gavin Rowell, M. Bryan, Yvonne Becherini, Aleksandar Popstefanija, M. Pohl, A. Marcowith, Jean-Pierre Ernenwein, H. Alyson Ford, Wystan Benbow, Karen E. Williamson, Daryl Haggard, Hambeleleni Ndiyavala, Tod R. Lauer, Arnaud Mares, Chaitanya Priyadarshi, Michael Punch, Helge Rottmann, J. Zorn, D. Dominis Prester, Bernd Schleicher, M. Minev, Hector Olivares, Ciriaco Goddi, S. Pita, J. Herrera, Alessia Spolon, Léa Jouvin, Na Wang, G. Martí-Devesa, Tomohiko Oka, Kirsty Feijen, E. Do Souto Espiñeira, Ralph Eatough, Johannes Veh, Stefano Gabici, Tomislav Terzić, D. Glawion, Gilles Fontaine, Bradford Benson, C. B. Rulten, Jenni Jormanainen, Jason SooHoo, Michael Titus, Jose Miguel Delgado, Marcos López-Moya, Freek Roelofs, Wlodek Bednarek, M. Lundy, Richard Anantua, Alessandra Lamastra, P. T. Reynolds, Vassil Verguilov, M. Lemoine-Goumard, G. Fichet de Clairfontaine, L. Di Venere, Michael Kreter, Jose Miguel Miranda, Alan L. Roy, Yating Chai, A. López-Oramas, M. Tluczykont, Jacek Niemiec, R. Konno, Tyler Trent, Olaf Reimer, Heino Falcke, Amanpreet Kaur, M. Panter, Narek Sahakyan, Kasper B. Schmidt, A. Carosi, K. Egberts, L. Maraschi, Stefan Cikota, V. Joshi, Koji Noda, Elisa Bernardini, Ye-Fei Yuan, Garrett K. Keating, Fumie Tazaki, Pawel Gliwny, M. Vazquez Acosta, Nicola Giglietto, M. Capasso, Vincent Piétu, Satoshi Fukami, Roman Gold, Elina Lindfors, Satoki Matsushita, A. Lemiere, F. Eichhorn, U. Katz, Yoshinori Yonekura, N. Shafi, Natalia Żywucka, Michael Kramer, M. Palatiello, Daniel Mazin, Samuel Timothy Spencer, Victoria Moreno, Oliver Porth, Julian Sitarek, Kazi L.J. Rygl, Wen Ping Lo, Geoffrey C. Bower, Ilje Cho, S. Fegan, Samuel Zouari, J. M. Paredes, V. Fallah Ramazani, Thomas Murach, Jim Hinton, R. J. White, F. Leone, S. Loporchio, M. de Naurois, Ed Fomalont, Bart Ripperda, Dominique Broguiere, J. Becerra González, Joseph R. Farah, Q. Feng, Andreas Quirrenbach, Taehyun Jung, C. Trichard, Masahiro Teshima, Domenico Tiziani, D. Malyshev, Richard Plambeck, Lynn D. Matthews, Avery E. Broderick, S. Kumar, T. J. Williamson, M. K. Daniel, Sylvia Zhu, P. J. Meintjes, Tjark Miener, Jodi Christiansen, Roger Brissenden, S. Sailer, Dmitry Khangulyan, David Paneque, Thomas P. Krichbaum, Sergey S. Savchenko, Angelo Ricarte, Riaan Steenkamp, T. Chand, J. Dyks, Francesco Dazzi, V. Baghmanyan, Zorawar Wadiasingh, Kazunori Akiyama, Stefan Ohm, C. Levy, Giovanna Ferrara, Makoto Inoue, Jhilik Majumdar, Nobuyuki Sakai, Dieter Horns, Jorge A. Preciado-López, Cornelia Müller, G. Hermann, Regis Terrier, A. J. Chromey, Dominic W. Pesce, Felix M. Pötzl, Mark Gurwell, Alejandro Cruz-Osorio, Ivan Marti-Vidal, Ben Prather, Tom Armstrong, Jongho Park, Matteo Cerruti, Ziri Younsi, Amy Furniss, Chih-Wei Locutus Huang, Lijing Shao, A. Djannati-Ataï, Shoko Koyama, D. Gottschall, P. Vincent, A. Brill, Kenji Toma, Antonios Nathanail, M. Nievas-Rosillo, M. Seglar-Arroyo, C. Delgado Mendez, Mahito Sasada, G. Busetto, Maciek Wielgus, Marcos Santander, Doosoo Yoon, D. A. Sanchez, Hiroki Okino, Christo Venter, Christiaan D. Brinkerink, James Ryan, S. Mićanović, Raquel Fraga-Encinas, Mark G. Rawlings, G. H. Sembroski, G. Principe, Xiang Liu, Karl Friedrich Schuster, Ronald Hesper, L. Sun, Ciro Bigongiari, Ramesh Narayan, M. Strzys, L. Mohrmann, Daniel R. van Rossum, Y. Ohtani, Wu Jiang, Luciano Rezzolla, Nu. Komin, V. A. Acciari, Katherine L. Bouman, Jürgen Besenrieder, Clemens Hoischen, A. A. Zdziarski, Antonio Tutone, Hung Yi Pu, A. Arbet Engels, J.-P. Lenain, A. De Angelis, Tomoya Hirota, R. J. García López, Carlo Romoli, Werner Hofmann, Tuomas Savolainen, Neil M. Nagar, Minfeng Gu, M. Karjalainen, Vitaly Neustroev, A. N. Otte, John F. C. Wardle, Tomoaki Oyama, Jongsoo Kim, Monica Barnard, J. Otero-Santos, R. D. Parsons, Pierre Christian, A. Priyana Noel, A. S. Seyffert, Shami Chatterjee, E. O. Angüner, David A. Green, Ramesh Karuppusamy, Zhiyuan Li, J. Devin, Dominik Elsaesser, F. Giordano, Santiago Ubach, Michael A. Nowak, Y. Kobayashi, F. Di Pierro, Iniyan Natarajan, A. Zech, M. Garczarczyk, Dmitriy Kostunin, Michael Janssen, Giacomo Bonnoli, Mariafelicia De Laurentis, Kuo Liu, G. Emery, Yutaro Kofuji, Antxon Alberdi, Marco Toliman Lucchini, R. A. Ong, Catherine Boisson, Daniel C. M. Palumbo, Stefan Klepser, Stefano Covino, Motoki Kino, Daniel Kerszberg, C. Armand, Maria Haupt, D. Zarić, K. Pfrang, R. López-Coto, M. Zacharias, Jae-Young Kim, Sheperd S. Doeleman, U. Barres de Almeida, Pratik Majumdar, M. V. Fonseca, Mosè Mariotti, G. Lamanna, Alexander Hahn, Sidika Merve Colak, R. J. Tuffs, B. Bi, Juan-Carlos Algaba, L. Oakes, D. Jankowsky, Y. Kajiwara, R. Marx, Bošnjak, John E. Barrett, Kotaro Niinuma, F. D'Ammando, Qingwen Wu, A. Yusafzai, Christian M. Fromm, Chi-kwan Chan, B. De Lotto, M. Kertzman, Manuela Mallamaci, H. Prokoph, Tadayuki Takahashi, Damir Lelas, Victor Doroshenko, E. Kasai, Lea Heckmann, Bong Won Sohn, Francesco Gabriele Saturni, Shiro Ikeda, T. Vuillaume, Laurent Loinard, G. Maurin, M. Füßling, Martin Will, Yi Chen, Gianluca Giavitto, Remo P. J. Tilanus, M. Spir-Jacob, Alessandro Montanari, Thomas Lohse, Tihomir Surić, J. van Scherpenberg, Per Friberg, He Sun, Luca Tosti, Kiyoaki Wajima, E. Ruiz-Velasco, Thomas Bylund, M. Balokovic, Feng Yuan, S. Nozaki, Mischa Breuhaus, Peter Galison, Y. A. Gallant, L. Olivera-Nieto, Dorota Sobczyńska, Maria-Isabel Bernardos, R. Rauth, Izumi Mizuno, Vincent L. Fish, S. G. Jorstad, Tomoki Saito, Giovanni Ceribella, Jacques Muller, J. P. Finley, Stefano Ansoldi, Boris Georgiev, Marcello Giroletti, Arturo I. Gómez-Ruiz, Karl M. Menten, Aristeidis Noutsos, P. deWilt, Junhan Kim, Alejandro Mus Mejías, Q. Remy, Dong-Jin Kim, P. G. Prada Moroni, Robert Wharton, Riccardo Paoletti, R. R. Prado, Zhi-Qiang Shen, S. Paiano, S. Chandra, Andrés Baquero, Anna Barnacka, Lucy Fortson, Wrijupan Bhattacharyya, Marc Ribó, E. de Ona Wilhelmi, Paul T. P. Ho, Yan-Rong Li, Derek Ward-Thompson, M. Scalici, G. Maneva, Constantin Steppa, Dimitrios Psaltis, A.M. Taylor, J. Damascene Mbarubucyeye, Daniel P. Marrone, Karl Mannheim, W. Boland, P. Morris, D. A. Prokhorov, M. Mohamed, Katsuaki Asano, Gernot Maier, Kotaro Moriyama, H. Odaka, M. Büchele, E. Pueschel, Kazuyoshi Nishijima, Christopher J. Duffy, H. M. Schutte, Camilla Maggio, Mark Kettenis, V. D'Elia, Saverio Lombardi, Ramprasad Rao, Ivica Puljak, R. Mirzoyan, V. Sahakian, Guang Yao Zhao, Adrian Biland, F. Werner, Rafal Moderski, Olivier Gentaz, Ullrich Schwanke, James M. Moran, S. Komossa, Yuzhu Cui, A. Jiménez-Rosales, Arash Roshanineshat, S. Ventura, Lindy Blackburn, David J. James, G. Hughes, Hidetoshi Kubo, Mansour Karami, José L. Gómez, P. Reichherzer, Davit Zargaryan, Paul Tiede, Koushik Chatterjee, Chunchong Ni, Roger Deane, Axel Donath, J. Rico, A. W. Chen, A. Fiasson, Jun Yi Koay, T. B. Humensky, Satoko Sawada-Satoh, Isak Delberth Davids, Alan P. Marscher, Alan E. E. Rogers, Rebecca Azulay, Kazuma Ishio, Paul M. Chesler, D. M. Strom, Carlo Vigorito, Marek Jamrozy, G. Pühlhofer, M. de Bony de Lavergne, Roberta Zanin, T. Schweizer, Elisa Prandini, Helene Sol, Rodolfo Carosi, M. Hörbe, T. Tavernier, Mareki Honma, M. Holler, Gordon T. Richards, Armelle Jardin-Blicq, Paolo Marchegiani, Sang-Sung Lee, D. Huber, Ashot Chilingarian, Nikola Godinovic, F. Ait Benkhali, Jason Dexter, Do-Young Byun, Anton Dmytriiev, Massimo Persic, Alicia Fattorini, L. Dirson, Cosimo Nigro, E. Roache, Sargis Gasparyan, S. Schwemmer, Sara Issaoun, Jessica Dempsey, Andrea Santangelo, Włodek Kluźniak, Mel Rose, Huib Jan van Langevelde, D. J. van der Walt, Elisabetta Liuzzo, A. Stamerra, John Hoang, Michelle Tsirou, Wolfgang Rhode, Tomohisa Kawashima, L. A. Antonelli, Carolin Wunderlich, Keiichi Asada, David A. Williams, Joachim Hahn, P. Moriarty, T. M. Crawford, P. Da Vela, L. Rinchiuso, E. Molina, F. Peter Schloerb, Lovro Pavletić, S. Steinmassl, Des Small, Christoph Deil, Stefano Menchiari, Dan Bintley, K. Nakashima, Alice Donini, David H. Hughes, Heinrich J. Völk, Mohanraj Senniappan, K. A. Farrell, M. Renaud, J. A. Barrio, Miriam Lucio Martinez, Rachel Simoni, P. T. O'Brien, E. Colombo, V. Barbosa Martins, M. Orienti, Efthalia Traianou, Lluis Font, B. Machado de Oliveira Fraga, Y. Suda, J. Neilsen, John Conway, Eduardo Ros, Gibwa Musoke, Tarek M. Hassan, J. Bolmont, A. Sinha, Halim Ashkar, M.-H. Grondin, Daniel Nieto, Lab Saha, Fabrizio Tavecchio, Hyunwook Ro, Michael H. Hecht, Markus Böttcher, Antonio Fuentes, Simone Mender, Moritz Hütten, Ue-Li Pen, Yosuke Mizuno, Gopal Narayanan, Lei Huang, H. Abdalla, M. A. Kastendieck, Nicola Marchili, I. Snidaric, S. Sánchez, G. Vasileiadis, Kari Nilsson, Alexander W. Raymond, Greg Lindahl, Gregory Desvignes, Sascha Trippe, Sanae Inoue, Giacomo D'Amico, W. Jin, B. van Soelen, Andrew Chael, Anne Kathrin Baczko, Shunsuke Sakurai, L. Giunti, A. Nayerhoda, Walter Alef, Jamie Holder, Stefano Truzzi, Pablo Peñil, M. J. Lang, Francois Brun, Frank M. Rieger, V. Vitale, George N. Wong, Jirong Mao, S. Caroff, J. Kushida, André Young, Ru-Sen Lu, Daniel Morcuende, Jose Luis Contreras, Kazuhiro Hada, Juan Cortina, C. van Eldik, Pablo Torne, Raymond Blundell, Jarred Gershon Green, C. B. Adams, James M. Cordes, Jonathan Weintroub, Q. Piel, A. Berti, James E. M. Watson, G. Peron, Ken Young, Garret Cotter, Dario Hrupec, Jonathan Mackey, K. Ragan, John E. Carlstrom, Michael Backes, Tim Holch, D. Hadasch, Stawarz, F. Niederwanger, Feryal Özel, Lia Medeiros, A. Weinstein, Mitsunari Takahashi, Manuel Delfino, C. Y. Kuo, Aviad Levis, Francesco Longo, K. Kosack, Konrad Bernlöhr, Jacco Vink, C. Moore, Michael Bremer, Jim Davies, Jadyn Anczarski, Patrick M. Koch, Sabrina Casanova, Ming-Tang Chen, B. Peyaud, Christian Stegmann, Stefan Wagner, C. Perennes, Yasunobu Uchiyama, David Kieda, Chet Ruszczyk, Hiroshi Nagai, M. Curyło, Andrei Lobanov, Ana Babić, E. Moulin, Tomasz Bulik, Britton Jeter, I. Vovk, Martin Makariev, C. van Rensburg, Oscar Blanch, Rocco Lico, Silke Britzen, Misao Sasaki, A. Reimer, V. Poireau, R. Adam, David Ball, Mark Reynolds, D. Miceli, John L. Quinn, Roberto Garcia, J. F. Glicenstein, D. Ribeiro, A. Wierzcholska, Geoffrey B. Crew, Bruno Khelifi, David Sánchez-Arguelles, Ilse van Bemmel, Michael D. Johnson, J. Anton Zensus, Dominik Baack, Manuel Meyer, E. V. Kravchenko, I. Jiménez, Thomas Bronzwaer, Reshmi Mukherjee, D. Berge, C. Giuri, Kleopas Shiningayamwe, Shan Shan Zhao, Yuki Iwamura, A. D. Falcone, Lenka Tomankova, Carsten Kramer, Jan Wagner, Christian Fruck, B. Rudak, Jordy Davelaar, V. Marandon, K. Katarzyński, Roberto Neri, The EHT MWL Science Working Group, Institut de RadioAstronomie Millimétrique (IRAM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Instituto de RadioAstronomía Milimétrica (IRAM), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier (LUPM), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe de Physique des Solides (GPS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Event Horizon Telescope, Fermi-LAT, H.E.S.S., MAGIC, VERITAS, EAVN, High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI), API Other Research (FNWI), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Algaba, Jc, Anczarski, J, Asada, K, Balokovic, M, Chandra, S, Cui, Yz, Falcone, Ad, Giroletti, M, Goddi, C, Hada, K, Haggard, D, Jorstad, S, Kaur, A, Kawashima, T, Keating, G, Kim, Jy, Kino, M, Komossa, S, Kravchenko, Ev, Krichbaum, Tp, Lee, S, Lu, R, Lucchini, M, Markoff, S, Neilsen, J, Nowak, Ma, Park, J, Principe, G, Ramakrishnan, V, Reynolds, Mt, Sasada, M, Savchenko, S, Williamson, Ke, Longo, F, Et, Al., University of Michigan, Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University, Algaba, J. C., Anczarski, J., Asada, K., Balokovic, M., Chandra, S., Cui, Y. -Z., Falcone, A. D., Giroletti, M., Goddi, C., Hada, K., Haggard, D., Jorstad, S., Kaur, A., Kawashima, T., Keating, G., Kim, J. -Y., Kino, M., Komossa, S., Kravchenko, E. V., Krichbaum, T. P., Lee, S. -S., Lu, R. -S., Lucchini, M., Markoff, S., Neilsen, J., Nowak, M. A., Park, J., Principe, G., Ramakrishnan, V., Reynolds, M. T., Sasada, M., Savchenko, S. S., Williamson, K. E., Akiyama, K., Alberdi, A., Alef, W., Anantua, R., Azulay, R., Baczko, A. -K., Ball, D., Barrett, J., Bintley, D., Benson, B. A., Blackburn, L., Blundell, R., Boland, W., Bouman, K. L., Bower, G. C., Boyce, H., Bremer, M., Brinkerink, C. D., Brissenden, R., Britzen, S., Broderick, A. E., Broguiere, D., Bronzwaer, T., Byun, D. -Y., Carlstrom, J. E., Chael, A., Chan, C. -K., Chatterjee, S., Chatterjee, K., Chen, M. -T., Chen, Y., Chesler, P. M., Cho, I., Christian, P., Conway, J. E., Cordes, J. M., Crawford, T. M., Crew, G. B., Cruz-Osorio, A., Davelaar, J., De Laurentis, M., Deane, R., Dempsey, J., Desvignes, G., Dexter, J., Doeleman, S. S., Eatough, R. P., Falcke, H., Farah, J., Fish, V. L., Fomalont, E., Ford, H. A., Fraga-Encinas, R., Friberg, P., Fromm, C. M., Fuentes, A., Galison, P., Gammie, C. F., Garcia, R., Gentaz, O., Georgiev, B., Gold, R., Gomez, J. L., Gomez-Ruiz, A. I., Gu, M., Gurwell, M., Hecht, M. H., Hesper, R., Ho, L. C., Ho, P., Honma, M., Huang, C. -W. L., Huang, L., Hughes, D. H., Ikeda, S., Inoue, M., Issaoun, S., James, D. J., Jannuzi, B. T., Janssen, M., Jeter, B., Jiang, W., Jimenez-Rosales, A., Johnson, M. D., Jung, T., Karami, M., Karuppusamy, R., Kettenis, M., Kim, D. -J., Kim, J., Koay, J. Y., Kofuji, Y., Koch, P. M., Koyama, S., Kramer, M., Kramer, C., Kuo, C. -Y., Lauer, T. R., Levis, A., Li, Y. -R., Li, Z., Lindqvist, M., Lico, R., Lindahl, G., Liu, J., Liu, K., Liuzzo, E., Lo, W. -P., Lobanov, A. P., Loinard, L., Lonsdale, C., Macdonald, N. R., Mao, J., Marchili, N., Marrone, D. P., Marscher, A. P., Marti-Vidal, I., Matsushita, S., Matthews, L. D., Medeiros, L., Menten, K. M., Mizuno, I., Mizuno, Y., Moran, J. M., Moriyama, K., Moscibrodzka, M., Muller, C., Musoke, G., Mejias, A. M., Nagai, H., Nagar, N. M., Nakamura, M., Narayan, R., Narayanan, G., Natarajan, I., Nathanail, A., Neri, R., Ni, C., Noutsos, A., Okino, H., Olivares, H., Ortiz-Leon, G. N., Oyama, T., Ozel, F., Palumbo, D. C. M., Patel, N., Pen, U. -L., Pesce, D. W., Pietu, V., Plambeck, R., Popstefanija, A., Porth, O., Potzl, F. M., Prather, B., Preciado-Lopez, J. A., Psaltis, D., Pu, H. -Y., Rao, R., Rawlings, M. G., Raymond, A. W., Rezzolla, L., Ricarte, A., Ripperda, B., Roelofs, F., Rogers, A., Ros, E., Rose, M., Roshanineshat, A., Rottmann, H., Roy, A. L., Ruszczyk, C., Rygl, K. L. J., Sanchez, S., Sanchez-Arguelles, D., Savolainen, T., Schloerb, F. P., Schuster, K. -F., Shao, L., Shen, Z., Small, D., Sohn, B. W., Soohoo, J., Sun, H., Tazaki, F., Tetarenko, A. J., Tiede, P., Tilanus, R. P. J., Titus, M., Toma, K., Torne, P., Trent, T., Traianou, E., Trippe, S., Van Bemmel, I., Van Langevelde, H. J., Van Rossum, D. R., Wagner, J., Ward-Thompson, D., Wardle, J., Weintroub, J., Wex, N., Wharton, R., Wielgus, M., Wong, G. N., Wu, Q., Yoon, D., Young, A., Young, K., Younsi, Z., Yuan, F., Yuan, Y. -F., Zensus, J. A., Zhao, G. -Y., Zhao, S. -S., D'Ammando, F., Orienti, M., Abdalla, H., Adam, R., Aharonian, F., Benkhali, F. A., Anguner, E. O., Arcaro, C., Armand, C., Armstrong, T., Ashkar, H., Backes, M., Baghmanyan, V., Barbosa Martins, V., Barnacka, A., Barnard, M., Becherini, Y., Berge, D., Bernlohr, K., Bi, B., Bottcher, M., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., De Bony De Lavergne, M., Breuhaus, M., Brun, F., Brun, P., Bryan, M., Buchele, M., Bulik, T., Bylund, T., Caroff, S., Carosi, A., Casanova, S., Chand, T., Chen, A., Cotter, G., Curylo, M., Damascene Mbarubucyeye, J., Davids, I. D., Davies, J., Deil, C., Devin, J., Dewilt, P., Dirson, L., Djannati-Atai, A., Dmytriiev, A., Donath, A., Doroshenko, V., Duffy, C., Dyks, J., Egberts, K., Eichhorn, F., Einecke, S., Emery, G., Ernenwein, J. -P., Feijen, K., Fegan, S., Fiasson, A., De Clairfontaine, G. F., Fontaine, G., Funk, S., Fussling, M., Gabici, S., Gallant, Y. A., Giavitto, G., Giunti, L., Glawion, D., Glicenstein, J. F., Gottschall, D., Grondin, M. -H., Hahn, J., Haupt, M., Hermann, G., Hinton, J. A., Hofmann, W., Hoischen, C., Holch, T. L., Holler, M., Horbe, M., Horns, D., Huber, D., Jamrozy, M., Jankowsky, D., Jankowsky, F., Jardin-Blicq, A., Joshi, V., Jung-Richardt, I., Kasai, E., Kastendieck, M. A., Katarzynski, K., Katz, U., Khangulyan, D., Khelifi, B., Klepser, S., Kluzniak, W., Komin, N., Konno, R., Kosack, K., Kostunin, D., Kreter, M., Lamanna, G., Lemiere, A., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Lenain, J. -P., Levy, C., Lohse, T., Lypova, I., Mackey, J., Majumdar, J., Malyshev, D., Marandon, V., Marchegiani, P., Marcowith, A., Mares, A., Marti-Devesa, G., Marx, R., Maurin, G., Meintjes, P. J., Meyer, M., Moderski, R., Mohamed, M., Mohrmann, L., Montanari, A., Moore, C., Morris, P., Moulin, E., Muller, J., Murach, T., Nakashima, K., Nayerhoda, A., De Naurois, M., Ndiyavala, H., Niederwanger, F., Niemiec, J., Oakes, L., O'Brien, P., Odaka, H., Ohm, S., Olivera-Nieto, L., De Ona Wilhelmi, E., Ostrowski, M., Panter, M., Panny, S., Parsons, R. D., Peron, G., Peyaud, B., Piel, Q., Pita, S., Poireau, V., Noel, A. P., Prokhorov, D. A., Prokoph, H., Puhlhofer, G., Punch, M., Quirrenbach, A., Rauth, R., Reichherzer, P., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Remy, Q., Renaud, M., Rieger, F., Rinchiuso, L., Romoli, C., Rowell, G., Rudak, B., Ruiz-Velasco, E., Sahakian, V., Sailer, S., Sanchez, D. A., Santangelo, A., Sasaki, M., Scalici, M., Schutte, H. M., Schwanke, U., Schwemmer, S., Seglar-Arroyo, M., Senniappan, M., Seyffert, A. S., Shafi, N., Shiningayamwe, K., Simoni, R., Sinha, A., Sol, H., Specovius, A., Spencer, S., Spir-Jacob, M., Stawarz, L., Sun, L., Steenkamp, R., Stegmann, C., Steinmassl, S., Steppa, C., Takahashi, T., Tavernier, T., Taylor, A. M., Terrier, R., Tiziani, D., Tluczykont, M., Tomankova, L., Trichard, C., Tsirou, M., Tuffs, R., Uchiyama, Y., Van Der Walt, D. J., Van Eldik, C., Van Rensburg, C., Van Soelen, B., Vasileiadis, G., Veh, J., Venter, C., Vincent, P., Vink, J., Volk, H. J., Vuillaume, T., Wadiasingh, Z., Wagner, S. J., Watson, J., Werner, F., White, R., Wierzcholska, A., Wong, Y. W., Yusafzai, A., Zacharias, M., Zanin, R., Zargaryan, D., Zdziarski, A. A., Zech, A., Zhu, S. J., Zorn, J., Zouari, S., Zywucka, N., Acciari, V. A., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Engels, A. A., Artero, M., Asano, K., Baack, D., Babic, A., Baquero, A., De Almeida, U. B., Barrio, J. A., Becerra Gonzalez, J., Bednarek, W., Bellizzi, L., Bernardini, E., Bernardos, M., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bhattacharyya, W., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Bosnjak, Z., Busetto, G., Carosi, R., Ceribella, G., Cerruti, M., Chai, Y., Chilingarian, A., Cikota, S., Colak, S. M., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., D'Amico, G., D'Elia, V., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Delgado Mendez, C., Depaoli, D., Di Pierro, F., Di Venere, L., Do Souto Espineira, E., Dominis Prester, D., Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Elsaesser, D., Fallah Ramazani, V., Fattorini, A., Ferrara, G., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fruck, C., Fukami, S., Garcia Lopez, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Gasparyan, S., Gaug, M., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Gliwny, P., Godinovic, N., Green, J. G., Green, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Heckmann, L., Herrera, J., Hoang, J., Hrupec, D., Hutten, M., Inada, T., Inoue, S., Ishio, K., Iwamura, Y., Jimenez, I., Jormanainen, J., Jouvin, L., Kajiwara, Y., Karjalainen, M., Kerszberg, D., Kobayashi, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Lamastra, A., Lelas, D., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., Lopez-Coto, R., Lopez-Moya, M., Lopez-Oramas, A., Loporchio, S., Machado De Oliveira Fraga, B., Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Mallamaci, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Martinez, M., Mazin, D., Menchiari, S., Mender, S., Micanovic, S., Miceli, D., Miener, T., Minev, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Molina, E., Moralejo, A., Morcuende, D., Moreno, V., Moretti, E., Neustroev, V., Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nozaki, S., Ohtani, Y., Oka, T., Otero-Santos, J., Paiano, S., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pavletic, L., Penil, P., Perennes, C., Persic, M., Moroni, P. G. P., Prandini, E., Priyadarshi, C., Puljak, I., Rhode, W., Ribo, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Saha, L., Sahakyan, N., Saito, T., Sakurai, S., Satalecka, K., Saturni, F. G., Schleicher, B., Schmidt, K., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Snidaric, I., Sobczynska, D., Spolon, A., Stamerra, A., Strom, D., Strzys, M., Suda, Y., Suric, T., Takahashi, M., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzic, T., Teshima, M., Tosti, L., Truzzi, S., Tutone, A., Ubach, S., Van Scherpenberg, J., Vanzo, G., Vazquez Acosta, M., Ventura, S., Verguilov, V., Vigorito, C. F., Vitale, V., Vovk, I., Will, M., Wunderlich, C., Zaric, D., Adams, C. B., Benbow, W., Brill, A., Capasso, M., Christiansen, J. L., Chromey, A. J., Daniel, M. K., Errando, M., Farrell, K. A., Feng, Q., Finley, J. P., Fortson, L., Furniss, A., Gent, A., Giuri, C., Hassan, T., Hervet, O., Holder, J., Hughes, G., Humensky, T. B., Jin, W., Kaaret, P., Kertzman, M., Kieda, D., Kumar, S., Lang, M. J., Lundy, M., Maier, G., Moriarty, P., Mukherjee, R., Nieto, D., Nievas-Rosillo, M., O'Brien, S., Ong, R. A., Otte, A. N., Patel, S., Pfrang, K., Pohl, M., Prado, R. R., Pueschel, E., Quinn, J., Ragan, K., Reynolds, P. T., Ribeiro, D., Richards, G. T., Roache, E., Rulten, C., Ryan, J. L., Santander, M., Sembroski, G. H., Shang, R., Weinstein, A., Williams, D. A., Williamson, T. J., Hirota, T., Cui, L., Niinuma, K., Ro, H., Sakai, N., Sawada-Satoh, S., Wajima, K., Wang, N., Liu, X., Yonekura, Y., German Research Foundation, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Swiss National Science Foundation, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Department of Atomic Energy (India), University of Tokyo, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Ministry of Education and Scientific Research (Romania), Academy of Finland, La Caixa, Croatian Science Foundation, Generalitat de Catalunya, Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange, University of Rijeka, Department of Energy (US), Smithsonian Institution, Astronomy, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)
- Subjects
Accretion ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Astronomy ,Flux ,Astrophysics ,7. Clean energy ,01 natural sciences ,Active galactic nuclei ,Radio cores ,Low-luminosity active galactic nuclei ,High energy astrophysics ,Astrophysical black holes ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE) ,Physics ,astro-ph.HE ,Radio core ,Accretion (meteorology) ,520 Astronomie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften ,Low-luminosity ,active galactic nuclei ,Astrophysical black hole ,astro-ph.CO ,Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO) ,Active galactic nucleus ,High-energy astronomy ,astro-ph.GA ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,FOS: Physical sciences ,F500 ,Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics ,High energy astrophysic ,0103 physical sciences ,Very-long-baseline interferometry ,ddc:530 ,Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Event Horizon Telescope ,Supermassive black hole ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,530 Physik ,Galaxy ,Space and Planetary Science ,Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA) ,ddc:520 ,HESS - Abteilung Hinton ,[PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph] - Abstract
Full list of authors: EHT MWL Science Working Group; Algaba, J. C.; Anczarski, J.; Asada, K.; Baloković, M.; Chandra, S.; Cui, Y. -Z.; Falcone, A. D.; Giroletti, M.; Goddi, C.; Hada, K.; Haggard, D.; Jorstad, S.; Kaur, A.; Kawashima, T.; Keating, G.; Kim, J. -Y.; Kino, M.; Komossa, S.; Kravchenko, E. V.; Krichbaum, T. P.; Lee, S. -S.; Lu, R. -S.; Lucchini, M.; Markoff, S.; Neilsen, J.; Nowak, M. A.; Park, J.; Principe, G.; Ramakrishnan, V.; Reynolds, M. T.; Sasada, M.; Savchenko, S. S.; Williamson, K. E.; Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration; Akiyama, Kazunori; Alberdi, Antxon; Alef, Walter; Anantua, Richard; Azulay, Rebecca; Baczko, Anne-Kathrin; Ball, David; Barrett, John; Bintley, Dan; Benson, Bradford A.; Blackburn, Lindy; Blundell, Raymond; Boland, Wilfred; Bouman, Katherine L.; Bower, Geoffrey C.; Boyce, Hope; Bremer, Michael; Brinkerink, Christiaan D.; Brissenden, Roger; Britzen, Silke; Broderick, Avery E.; Broguiere, Dominique; Bronzwaer, Thomas; Byun, Do-Young; Carlstrom, John E.; Chael, Andrew; Chan, Chi-Kwan; Chatterjee, Shami; Chatterjee, Koushik; Chen, Ming-Tang; Chen, Yongjun; Chesler, Paul M.; Cho, Ilje; Christian, Pierre; Conway, John E.; Cordes, James M.; Crawford, Thomas M.; Crew, Geoffrey B.; Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro; Davelaar, Jordy; de Laurentis, Mariafelicia; Deane, Roger; Dempsey, Jessica; Desvignes, Gregory; Dexter, Jason; Doeleman, Sheperd S.; Eatough, Ralph P.; Falcke, Heino; Farah, Joseph; Fish, Vincent L.; Fomalont, Ed; Ford, H. Alyson; Fraga-Encinas, Raquel; Friberg, Per; Fromm, Christian M.; Fuentes, Antonio; Galison, Peter; Gammie, Charles F.; García, Roberto; Gentaz, Olivier; Georgiev, Boris; Gold, Roman; Gómez, José L.; Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I.; Gu, Minfeng; Gurwell, Mark; Hecht, Michael H.; Hesper, Ronald; Ho, Luis C.; Ho, Paul; Honma, Mareki; Huang, Chih-Wei L.; Huang, Lei; Hughes, David H.; Ikeda, Shiro; Inoue, Makoto; Issaoun, Sara; James, David J.; Jannuzi, Buell T.; Janssen, Michael; Jeter, Britton; Jiang, Wu; Jiménez-Rosales, Alejandra; Johnson, Michael D.; Jung, Taehyun; Karami, Mansour; Karuppusamy, Ramesh; Kettenis, Mark; Kim, Dong-Jin; Kim, Jongsoo; Kim, Junhan; Koay, Jun Yi; Kofuji, Yutaro; Koch, Patrick M.; Koyama, Shoko; Kramer, Michael; Kramer, Carsten; Kuo, Cheng-Yu; Lauer, Tod R.; Levis, Aviad; Li, Yan-Rong; Li, Zhiyuan; Lindqvist, Michael; Lico, Rocco; Lindahl, Greg; Liu, Jun; Liu, Kuo; Liuzzo, Elisabetta; Lo, Wen-Ping; Lobanov, Andrei P.; Loinard, Laurent; Lonsdale, Colin; MacDonald, Nicholas R.; Mao, Jirong; Marchili, Nicola; Marrone, Daniel P.; Marscher, Alan P.; Martí-Vidal, Iván; Matsushita, Satoki; Matthews, Lynn D.; Medeiros, Lia; Menten, Karl M.; Mizuno, Izumi; Mizuno, Yosuke; Moran, James M.; Moriyama, Kotaro; Moscibrodzka, Monika; Müller, Cornelia; Musoke, Gibwa; Mejías, Alejandro Mus; Nagai, Hiroshi; Nagar, Neil M.; Nakamura, Masanori; Narayan, Ramesh; Narayanan, Gopal; Natarajan, Iniyan; Nathanail, Antonios; Neri, Roberto; Ni, Chunchong; Noutsos, Aristeidis; Okino, Hiroki; Olivares, Héctor; Ortiz-León, Gisela N.; Oyama, Tomoaki; Özel, Feryal; Palumbo, Daniel C. M.; Patel, Nimesh; Pen, Ue-Li; Pesce, Dominic W.; Piétu, Vincent; Plambeck, Richard; Popstefanija, Aleksandar; Porth, Oliver; Pötzl, Felix M.; Prather, Ben; Preciado-López, Jorge A.; Psaltis, Dimitrios; Pu, Hung-Yi; Rao, Ramprasad; Rawlings, Mark G.; Raymond, Alexander W.; Rezzolla, Luciano; Ricarte, Angelo; Ripperda, Bart; Roelofs, Freek; Rogers, Alan; Ros, Eduardo; Rose, Mel; Roshanineshat, Arash; Rottmann, Helge; Roy, Alan L.; Ruszczyk, Chet; Rygl, Kazi L. J.; Sánchez, Salvador; Sánchez-Arguelles, David; Savolainen, Tuomas; Schloerb, F. Peter; Schuster, Karl-Friedrich; Shao, Lijing; Shen, Zhiqiang; Small, Des; Sohn, Bong Won; Soohoo, Jason; Sun, He; Tazaki, Fumie; Tetarenko, Alexandra J.; Tiede, Paul; Tilanus, Remo P. J.; Titus, Michael; Toma, Kenji; Torne, Pablo; Trent, Tyler; Traianou, Efthalia; Trippe, Sascha; van Bemmel, Ilse; van Langevelde, Huib Jan; van Rossum, Daniel R.; Wagner, Jan; Ward-Thompson, Derek; Wardle, John; Weintroub, Jonathan; Wex, Norbert; Wharton, Robert; Wielgus, Maciek; Wong, George N.; Wu, Qingwen; Yoon, Doosoo; Young, André; Young, Ken; Younsi, Ziri; Yuan, Feng; Yuan, Ye-Fei; Zensus, J. Anton; Zhao, Guang-Yao; Zhao, Shan-Shan; Fermi Large Area Telescope Collaboration; Principe, G.; Giroletti, M.; D'Ammando, F.; Orienti, M.; H. E. S. S. Collaboration; Abdalla, H.; Adam, R.; Aharonian, F.; Benkhali, F. Ait; Angüner, E. O.; Arcaro, C.; Armand, C.; Armstrong, T.; Ashkar, H.; Backes, M.; Baghmanyan, V.; Barbosa Martins, V.; Barnacka, A.; Barnard, M.; Becherini, Y.; Berge, D.; Bernlöhr, K.; Bi, B.; Böttcher, M.; Boisson, C.; Bolmont, J.; de Lavergne, M. De Bony; Breuhaus, M.; Brun, F.; Brun, P.; Bryan, M.; Büchele, M.; Bulik, T.; Bylund, T.; Caroff, S.; Carosi, A.; Casanova, S.; Chand, T.; Chen, A.; Cotter, G.; Curyło, M.; Damascene Mbarubucyeye, J.; Davids, I. D.; Davies, J.; Deil, C.; Devin, J.; Dewilt, P.; Dirson, L.; Djannati-Ataï, A.; Dmytriiev, A.; Donath, A.; Doroshenko, V.; Duffy, C.; Dyks, J.; Egberts, K.; Eichhorn, F.; Einecke, S.; Emery, G.; Ernenwein, J. -P.; Feijen, K.; Fegan, S.; Fiasson, A.; de Clairfontaine, G. Fichet; Fontaine, G.; Funk, S.; Füßling, M.; Gabici, S.; Gallant, Y. A.; Giavitto, G.; Giunti, L.; Glawion, D.; Glicenstein, J. F.; Gottschall, D.; Grondin, M. -H.; Hahn, J.; Haupt, M.; Hermann, G.; Hinton, J. A.; Hofmann, W.; Hoischen, C.; Holch, T. L.; Holler, M.; Hörbe, M.; Horns, D.; Huber, D.; Jamrozy, M.; Jankowsky, D.; Jankowsky, F.; Jardin-Blicq, A.; Joshi, V.; Jung-Richardt, I.; Kasai, E.; Kastendieck, M. A.; Katarzyński, K.; Katz, U.; Khangulyan, D.; Khélifi, B.; Klepser, S.; Kluźniak, W.; Komin, Nu.; Konno, R.; Kosack, K.; Kostunin, D.; Kreter, M.; Lamanna, G.; Lemière, A.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lenain, J. -P.; Levy, C.; Lohse, T.; Lypova, I.; Mackey, J.; Majumdar, J.; Malyshev, D.; Malyshev, D.; Marandon, V.; Marchegiani, P.; Marcowith, A.; Mares, A.; Martí-Devesa, G.; Marx, R.; Maurin, G.; Meintjes, P. J.; Meyer, M.; Moderski, R.; Mohamed, M.; Mohrmann, L.; Montanari, A.; Moore, C.; Morris, P.; Moulin, E.; Muller, J.; Murach, T.; Nakashima, K.; Nayerhoda, A.; de Naurois, M.; Ndiyavala, H.; Niederwanger, F.; Niemiec, J.; Oakes, L.; O'Brien, P.; Odaka, H.; Ohm, S.; Olivera-Nieto, L.; de Ona Wilhelmi, E.; Ostrowski, M.; Panter, M.; Panny, S.; Parsons, R. D.; Peron, G.; Peyaud, B.; Piel, Q.; Pita, S.; Poireau, V.; Noel, A. Priyana; Prokhorov, D. A.; Prokoph, H.; Pühlhofer, G.; Punch, M.; Quirrenbach, A.; Rauth, R.; Reichherzer, P.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Remy, Q.; Renaud, M.; Rieger, F.; Rinchiuso, L.; Romoli, C.; Rowell, G.; Rudak, B.; Ruiz-Velasco, E.; Sahakian, V.; Sailer, S.; Sanchez, D. A.; Santangelo, A.; Sasaki, M.; Scalici, M.; Schutte, H. M.; Schwanke, U.; Schwemmer, S.; Seglar-Arroyo, M.; Senniappan, M.; Seyffert, A. S.; Shafi, N.; Shiningayamwe, K.; Simoni, R.; Sinha, A.; Sol, H.; Specovius, A.; Spencer, S.; Spir-Jacob, M.; Stawarz, Ł.; Sun, L.; Steenkamp, R.; Stegmann, C.; Steinmassl, S.; Steppa, C.; Takahashi, T.; Tavernier, T.; Taylor, A. M.; Terrier, R.; Tiziani, D.; Tluczykont, M.; Tomankova, L.; Trichard, C.; Tsirou, M.; Tuffs, R.; Uchiyama, Y.; van der Walt, D. J.; van Eldik, C.; van Rensburg, C.; van Soelen, B.; Vasileiadis, G.; Veh, J.; Venter, C.; Vincent, P.; Vink, J.; Völk, H. J.; Vuillaume, T.; Wadiasingh, Z.; Wagner, S. J.; Watson, J.; Werner, F.; White, R.; Wierzcholska, A.; Wong, Yu Wun; Yusafzai, A.; Zacharias, M.; Zanin, R.; Zargaryan, D.; Zdziarski, A. A.; Zech, A.; Zhu, S. J.; Zorn, J.; Zouari, S.; Żywucka, N.; MAGIC Collaboration; Acciari, V. A.; Ansoldi, S.; Antonelli, L. A.; Engels, A. Arbet; Artero, M.; Asano, K.; Baack, D.; Babić, A.; Baquero, A.; de Almeida, U. Barres; Barrio, J. A.; Becerra González, J.; Bednarek, W.; Bellizzi, L.; Bernardini, E.; Bernardos, M.; Berti, A.; Besenrieder, J.; Bhattacharyya, W.; Bigongiari, C.; Biland, A.; Blanch, O.; Bonnoli, G.; Bošnjak, Ž.; Busetto, G.; Carosi, R.; Ceribella, G.; Cerruti, M.; Chai, Y.; Chilingarian, A.; Cikota, S.; Colak, S. M.; Colombo, E.; Contreras, J. L.; Cortina, J.; Covino, S.; D'Amico, G.; D'Elia, V.; da Vela, P.; Dazzi, F.; de Angelis, A.; de Lotto, B.; Delfino, M.; Delgado, J.; Delgado Mendez, C.; Depaoli, D.; di Pierro, F.; di Venere, L.; Do Souto Espiñeira, E.; Dominis Prester, D.; Donini, A.; Dorner, D.; Doro, M.; Elsaesser, D.; Ramazani, V. Fallah; Fattorini, A.; Ferrara, G.; Fonseca, M. V.; Font, L.; Fruck, C.; Fukami, S.; García López, R. J.; Garczarczyk, M.; Gasparyan, S.; Gaug, M.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Gliwny, P.; Godinović, N.; Green, J. G.; Green, D.; Hadasch, D.; Hahn, A.; Heckmann, L.; Herrera, J.; Hoang, J.; Hrupec, D.; Hütten, M.; Inada, T.; Inoue, S.; Ishio, K.; Iwamura, Y.; Jiménez, I.; Jormanainen, J.; Jouvin, L.; Kajiwara, Y.; Karjalainen, M.; Kerszberg, D.; Kobayashi, Y.; Kubo, H.; Kushida, J.; Lamastra, A.; Lelas, D.; Leone, F.; Lindfors, E.; Lombardi, S.; Longo, F.; López-Coto, R.; López-Moya, M.; López-Oramas, A.; Loporchio, S.; Machado de Oliveira Fraga, B.; Maggio, C.; Majumdar, P.; Makariev, M.; Mallamaci, M.; Maneva, G.; Manganaro, M.; Mannheim, K.; Maraschi, L.; Mariotti, M.; Martínez, M.; Mazin, D.; Menchiari, S.; Mender, S.; Mićanović, S.; Miceli, D.; Miener, T.; Minev, M.; Miranda, J. M.; Mirzoyan, R.; Molina, E.; Moralejo, A.; Morcuende, D.; Moreno, V.; Moretti, E.; Neustroev, V.; Nigro, C.; Nilsson, K.; Nishijima, K.; Noda, K.; Nozaki, S.; Ohtani, Y.; Oka, T.; Otero-Santos, J.; Paiano, S.; Palatiello, M.; Paneque, D.; Paoletti, R.; Paredes, J. M.; Pavletić, L.; Peñil, P.; Perennes, C.; Persic, M.; Moroni, P. G. Prada; Prandini, E.; Priyadarshi, C.; Puljak, I.; Rhode, W.; Ribó, M.; Rico, J.; Righi, C.; Rugliancich, A.; Saha, L.; Sahakyan, N.; Saito, T.; Sakurai, S.; Satalecka, K.; Saturni, F. G.; Schleicher, B.; Schmidt, K.; Schweizer, T.; Sitarek, J.; Šnidarić, I.; Sobczynska, D.; Spolon, A.; Stamerra, A.; Strom, D.; Strzys, M.; Suda, Y.; Surić, T.; Takahashi, M.; Tavecchio, F.; Temnikov, P.; Terzić, T.; Teshima, M.; Tosti, L.; Truzzi, S.; Tutone, A.; Ubach, S.; van Scherpenberg, J.; Vanzo, G.; Vazquez Acosta, M.; Ventura, S.; Verguilov, V.; Vigorito, C. F.; Vitale, V.; Vovk, I.; Will, M.; Wunderlich, C.; Zarić, D.; VERITAS Collaboration; Adams, C. B.; Benbow, W.; Brill, A.; Capasso, M.; Christiansen, J. L.; Chromey, A. J.; Daniel, M. K.; Errando, M.; Farrell, K. A.; Feng, Q.; Finley, J. P.; Fortson, L.; Furniss, A.; Gent, A.; Giuri, C.; Hassan, T.; Hervet, O.; Holder, J.; Hughes, G.; Humensky, T. B.; Jin, W.; Kaaret, P.; Kertzman, M.; Kieda, D.; Kumar, S.; Lang, M. J.; Lundy, M.; Maier, G.; Moriarty, P.; Mukherjee, R.; Nieto, D.; Nievas-Rosillo, M.; O'Brien, S.; Ong, R. A.; Otte, A. N.; Patel, S.; Pfrang, K.; Pohl, M.; Prado, R. R.; Pueschel, E.; Quinn, J.; Ragan, K.; Reynolds, P. T.; Ribeiro, D.; Richards, G. T.; Roache, E.; Rulten, C.; Ryan, J. L.; Santander, M.; Sembroski, G. H.; Shang, R.; Weinstein, A.; Williams, D. A.; Williamson, T. J.; Eavn Collaboration; Hirota, Tomoya; Cui, Lang; Niinuma, Kotaro; Ro, Hyunwook; Sakai, Nobuyuki; Sawada-Satoh, Satoko; Wajima, Kiyoaki; Wang, Na; Liu, Xiang; Yonekura, Yoshinori, In 2017, the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) Collaboration succeeded in capturing the first direct image of the center of the M87 galaxy. The asymmetric ring morphology and size are consistent with theoretical expectations for a weakly accreting supermassive black hole of mass ∼6.5 × 109 M o˙. The EHTC also partnered with several international facilities in space and on the ground, to arrange an extensive, quasi-simultaneous multi-wavelength campaign. This Letter presents the results and analysis of this campaign, as well as the multi-wavelength data as a legacy data repository. We captured M87 in a historically low state, and the core flux dominates over HST-1 at high energies, making it possible to combine core flux constraints with the more spatially precise very long baseline interferometry data. We present the most complete simultaneous multi-wavelength spectrum of the active nucleus to date, and discuss the complexity and caveats of combining data from different spatial scales into one broadband spectrum. We apply two heuristic, isotropic leptonic single-zone models to provide insight into the basic source properties, but conclude that a structured jet is necessary to explain M87's spectrum. We can exclude that the simultaneous γ-ray emission is produced via inverse Compton emission in the same region producing the EHT mm-band emission, and further conclude that the γ-rays can only be produced in the inner jets (inward of HST-1) if there are strongly particle-dominated regions. Direct synchrotron emission from accelerated protons and secondaries cannot yet be excluded., The financial support of the German BMBF, MPG and HGF; the Italian INFN and INAF; the Swiss National Fund SNF; the ERDF under the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (MICINN) (FPA2017-87859-P, FPA2017-85668-P, FPA2017- 82729-C6-5-R, FPA2017-90566-REDC, PID2019-104114RBC31, PID2019-104114RB-C32, PID2019-105510GB-C31,PID 2019-107847RB-C41, PID2019-107847RB-C42, PID2019- 107988GB-C22); the Indian Department of Atomic Energy; the Japanese ICRR, the University of Tokyo, JSPS, and MEXT; the Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science, National RI Roadmap Project DO1-268/16.12.2019 and the Academy of Finland grant No. 320045 is gratefully acknowledged. This work was also supported by the Spanish Centro de Excelencia “Severo Ochoa” SEV-2016-0588 and CEX2019- 000920-S, and “Maria de Maeztu” CEX2019-000918-M, the Unidad de Excelencia “Maria de Maeztu” MDM-2015-0509- 18-2 and the “la Caixa” Foundation (fellowship LCF/BQ/ PI18/11630012) and by the CERCA program of the Generalitat de Catalunya; by the Croatian Science Foundation (HrZZ) Project IP-2016-06-9782 and the University of Rijeka Project 13.12.1.3.02; by the DFG Collaborative Research Centers SFB823/C4 and SFB876/C3; the Polish National Research Centre grant UMO-2016/22/M/ST9/00382; and by the Brazilian MCTIC, CNPq, and FAPERJ. This research is supported by grants from the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, the U.S. National Science Foundation and the Smithsonian Institution, by NSERC in Canada, and by the Helmholtz Association in Germany. This research used resources provided by the Open Science Grid, which is supported by the National Science Foundation and the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Science, and resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science User Facility operated under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. We acknowledge the excellent work of the technical support staff at the Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory and at the collaborating institutions in the construction and operation of the instrument.
- Published
- 2021
31. The Impact of Bacillus subtilis PB6 and Chromium Propionate on the Performance, Egg Quality and Nutrient Metabolizability of Layer Breeders
- Author
-
Renata Bonamigo, Otoniel Souza, C. B. Adams, Kelen Zavarize, C. Stefanello, Alexandre Krause, and Beatriz Rodrigues
- Subjects
organic chromium ,Veterinary medicine ,blood biochemistry ,breeder hen ,Randomized block design ,eggshell quality ,Bacillus subtilis ,Article ,law.invention ,Probiotic ,Nutrient ,Animal science ,law ,SF600-1100 ,Dry matter ,Eggshell ,Chromium propionate ,General Veterinary ,biology ,Chemistry ,Albumin ,biology.organism_classification ,QL1-991 ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Zoology ,probiotic - Abstract
Simple Summary Environmental conditions can generate heat stress in poultry production. Feed additives have been supplemented in diets for layers and broilers to improve their health status, immune system and nutrition, as well as productive performance. This paper shows the effects of probiotic Bacillus subtilis PB6 and chromium propionate diet supplementation on productive parameters, egg and eggshell quality, excreta moisture, cortisol and serum biochemistry of laying breeder hens. Diets supplemented with Bacillus subtilis PB6, chromium propionate or a combination of the two resulted in improved egg production, feed conversion ratio, eggshell quality and nutrient metabolizability, without modifying the main serum biochemical parameters of hens from 55 to 70 weeks of age. Highlighted improvements in hen performance and eggshell quality were observed when hens were fed diets supplemented with a combination of the probiotic and chromium. This study expands our understanding concerning the combined supplementation of probiotics and organic chromium for poultry. Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of Bacillus subtillis PB6, chromium propionate or a combination of the two on the performance, egg and eggshell quality, nutrient metabolizability and serum biochemistry of layer breeders. White Plymouth Rock and Red Rhodes Island breeder hens at 55 weeks of age were allocated in individual cages using a completely randomized block design with 16 replicates. Hens were fed control, control + probiotic (500 g/ton of Bacillus subtilis PB6), control + CrProp (50 g/ton of chromium propionate) and control + probiotic + CrProp diets from 55 to 70 weeks of age. Productive parameters and eggshell quality as well as cortisol and blood biochemistry were grouped each 28 d as well as for the overall period. The metabolizability of nutrients and energy was determined at 70 weeks of age. In the overall period, hens fed the control + probiotic or control + probiotic + CrProp diets had significantly higher egg production, egg mass, shell percentage, thickness and shell strength. The metabolizability of dry matter, nitrogen and energy increased in hens that were fed the control + probiotic + CrProp diet. In conclusion, diets supplemented with Bacillus subtillis PB6 and chromium propionate resulted in improved productive performance, eggshell quality and nutrient metabolizability of layer breeders, without modifying serum cortisol, albumin and triglycerides.
- Published
- 2021
32. An Archival Search for Neutron-star Mergers in Gravitational Waves and Very-high-energy Gamma Rays
- Author
-
M. Lundy, Lucy Fortson, Reshmi Mukherjee, M. K. Daniel, A. Weinstein, C. Giuri, P. Kaaret, David Kieda, Olivier Hervet, C. E. McGrath, S. Márka, Wystan Benbow, Martin Pohl, A. D. Falcone, Alasdair E. Gent, P. Moriarty, R. A. Ong, James Ryan, S. Kumar, J. H. Buckley, R. R. Prado, P. T. Reynolds, M. Kertzman, Amy Furniss, M. Nievas-Rosillo, Nahee Park, A. J. Chromey, Doğa Veske, G. H. Sembroski, M. Capasso, Q. Feng, E. Pueschel, Imre Bartos, Jodi Christiansen, A. Brill, Daniel Nieto, David A. Williams, Marcos Santander, A. N. Otte, K. Pfrang, C. B. Adams, D. S. Hanna, G. Hughes, J. P. Finley, Jamie Holder, K. R. Corley, K. Ragan, R. Shang, T. J. Williamson, Z. Márka, S. O'Brien, E. Roache, K. A. Farrell, Tarek M. Hassan, John L. Quinn, D. Ribeiro, W. Jin, M. J. Lang, Manel Errando, S. Patel, T. B. Humensky, and Gernot Maier
- Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE) ,Physics ,Gravitational wave ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astronomy ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,IACT ,Gamma-ray astronomy ,Cherenkov Telescope Array ,030226 pharmacology & pharmacy ,01 natural sciences ,LIGO ,03 medical and health sciences ,Neutron star ,0302 clinical medicine ,Space and Planetary Science ,0103 physical sciences ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Gamma-ray burst ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,Cherenkov radiation - Abstract
The recent discovery of electromagnetic signals in coincidence with neutron-star mergers has solidified the importance of multimessenger campaigns in studying the most energetic astrophysical events. Pioneering multimessenger observatories, such as LIGO/Virgo and IceCube, record many candidate signals below the detection significance threshold. These sub-threshold event candidates are promising targets for multimessenger studies, as the information provided by them may, when combined with contemporaneous gamma-ray observations, lead to significant detections. Here we describe a new method that uses such candidates to search for transient events using archival very-high-energy gamma-ray data from imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs). We demonstrate the application of this method to sub-threshold binary neutron star (BNS) merger candidates identified in Advanced LIGO's first observing run. We identify eight hours of archival VERITAS observations coincident with seven BNS merger candidates and search them for TeV emission. No gamma-ray emission is detected; we calculate upper limits on the integral flux and compare them to a short gamma-ray burst model. We anticipate this search method to serve as a starting point for IACT searches with future LIGO/Virgo data releases as well as in other sub-threshold studies for multimessenger transients, such as IceCube neutrinos. Furthermore, it can be deployed immediately with other current-generation IACTs, and has the potential for real-time use that places minimal burden on experimental operations. Lastly, this method may serve as a pilot for studies with the Cherenkov Telescope Array, which has the potential to observe even larger fields of view in its divergent pointing mode.
- Published
- 2021
33. Productivity and nutritive value of elephant grass pastures under organic and conventional production systems
- Author
-
Daiane Cristine Seibt, J. C. Sauthier, Clair Jorge Olivo, C. B. Adams, Vinicius Felipe Bratz, and Gabriela Descovi Simonetti
- Subjects
Pennisetum ,stocking rate ,040301 veterinary sciences ,Forage ,production of forage ,Biology ,Pasture ,0403 veterinary science ,Animal science ,Nutrient ,Stocking ,Human fertilization ,crude protein ,Grazing ,Animals ,dairy cows ,Pennisetum purpureum ,lcsh:Science ,geography ,Multidisciplinary ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,0402 animal and dairy science ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,biology.organism_classification ,040201 dairy & animal science ,Animal Feed ,Milk ,lcsh:Q ,Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ,Cattle ,Female ,Nutritive Value ,Brazil ,Pennisetum purpureum Schum - Abstract
Elephant grass (EG) (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) have great importance in tropical and subtropical climates, especially on dairy farms. Normally, EG is established alone under high fertilization levels. EG in organic production system can improve low production costs and environmental issues, are still little known. The aim of this research was to evaluate the performance of herbage yield, nutritive value, extraction/ export nutrient and forage yield and animal responses. Three production systems of EG were analyzed: (i) EG mixed spontaneous-growing species (SGE) in warm-season and ryegrass (R) in cool-season under organic production; (ii) EG mixed SGE + R under conventional system (positive control); and (iii) EG based under conventional production (control). Holstein cows were used in a rotational stocking. Forage samples were collected to evaluate the pasture and animal responses. Seven grazing cycles were performed during the experimental period (312 days). Herbage yield, forage intake, and stocking rate were 12548; 10270; 19168 kg ha-1 and 2.5; 2.6; 2.7% and 3.3; 2.1; 4.5 AU ha-1 day-1, respectively. Crude protein of EG was 17.9; 15.4; 16.4%, respectively. Mixed pastures, in conventional and organic production, had a better forage distribution throughout the seasons. Highest forage yield and extraction/ export nutrient was reported in pure EG within the conventional system.
- Published
- 2019
34. Descriptions of New Species and Varieties of the Land Shells of Jamaica, with Notes on some previously described Species
- Author
-
C. B. Adams
- Subjects
History and Philosophy of Science ,Ecology ,Biology ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology - Published
- 2009
35. Descriptions of new species of Partula and Achatinella
- Author
-
C. B. Adams
- Subjects
History and Philosophy of Science ,Achatinella ,Zoology ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology - Published
- 2009
36. Catalogue of Shells collected at Panama, with Notes on Synonymy, Station, and Habitat
- Author
-
C. B. Adams
- Subjects
Panama ,History and Philosophy of Science ,Habitat ,Ecology ,Biology ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology - Published
- 2009
37. Descriptions of new species and varieties of Shells, which inhabit Jamaica
- Author
-
C. B. Adams
- Subjects
History and Philosophy of Science ,Ecology ,Botany ,Biology ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology - Published
- 2009
38. Head protection in England before the first World War
- Author
-
T P, Blackburn, D A, Edge, A R, Williams, and C B, Adams
- Subjects
History, 17th Century ,Warfare ,England ,History, 16th Century ,Metallurgy ,Neurosurgery ,Craniocerebral Trauma ,Humans ,Head Protective Devices ,History, Ancient ,History, Medieval ,History, 15th Century - Abstract
Man has sought to protect himself from physical injury resulting either from the vicissitudes of an arbitrary natural environment or from the calculated activity of his fellow creatures since at least the beginning of recorded time. The earliest substantial British evidence of this activity dates from shortly after the Roman invasion of 55 BC. The head has always been seen by both assailant and defender as a region of particular vulnerability, where an incapacitating blow might most effectively be landed. We present an overview of the evolution and development of English military head protection through the ages, with particular reference to the advances made in metallurgical technology at Greenwich through the course of the 16th century. Much of this represents original research by the authors (particularly ARW), published here for the first time. We include the first metallographic data on armor excavated from the Wisby grave-pits (1361), the first scientific analysis of the textile composition of medieval helmet linings from the Wallace Collection, and the first metallurgical study of the Windsor Castle suit, the personal armor of King Henry VIII, perhaps England's most famous monarch. We combine this with our own experimental data, also previously unpublished, relating to the attack energy available from ancient weaponry (whose technology determines the design of defenses, then as now) in an attempt to assess the effectiveness of helmets. Finally, we set this in the context of contemporary medical technology. The latter is found to be woefully inadequate when presented with serious head injuries. Nevertheless, mortality from battlefield injury has been reduced from ancient times to the present day, despite advances in weapons technology.
- Published
- 2000
39. The importance of locating a good pituitary surgeon
- Author
-
J A, Wass, H E, Turner, and C B, Adams
- Subjects
Pituitary Gland ,Acromegaly ,Humans ,Pituitary Neoplasms - Published
- 2000
40. Trigeminal neuralgia: pathogenesis and treatment
- Author
-
C B, Adams
- Subjects
Microsurgery ,Postoperative Complications ,Recurrence ,Humans ,Treatment Failure ,Trigeminal Neuralgia ,Decompression, Surgical - Published
- 2000
41. Outcome of transphenoidal surgery for acromegaly and its relationship to surgical experience
- Author
-
S, Ahmed, M, Elsheikh, I M, Stratton, R C, Page, C B, Adams, and J A, Wass
- Subjects
Adenoma ,Adult ,Male ,Chi-Square Distribution ,Adolescent ,Middle Aged ,Treatment Outcome ,Growth Hormone ,Pituitary Gland ,Acromegaly ,Humans ,Female ,Pituitary Neoplasms ,Clinical Competence ,Aged - Abstract
A number of surgical series have been reported on the treatment of acromegaly and their results vary widely. The acceptable definition of remission has changed in recent years and it is known, though in a small series, that growth hormone levels of5 mU/l are still associated with an increased mortality from the condition. We have analysed data at this centre and examined the outcome of transphenoidal surgery for acromegaly, compared our results with recently published series from other centres and also assessed factors which might effect outcome including whether there is any demonstrable effect of the experience of the surgeon on outcome.We have analysed data from all of our 139 patients in whom follow up data are available who have undergone initial transphenoidal surgery for acromegaly by one surgeon at this centre, between 1974 and 1995. Follow up was for a median of 5 years (range 1 month to 17 years).67% of patients achieved the criterion for remission (mean GH5 mU/l). Success was related to tumour size and preoperative growth hormone values. Thus 91% of patients with microadenomas were in remission postoperatively compared to 46% of patients with macroadenomas. Analysis of the results according to the year of operation showed an improvement in success rates with time. More than 15 years ago, the success rate according to the growth hormone criteria set was 48% and the failure rate 52%. In contrast in the last 5 years analysed, the overall success rate was 74% with a failure rate of 26% (P0.04). The success rate for microadenomas was 50% initially, then remained 100%. The case mix was analysed and no change was found. We have also demonstrated an improvement in pituitary function (including normalization of preoperative elevated prolactin) with time so that pre 1981 16% of patients' pituitary function improved perioperatively but 10 years later this figure had risen to 34% (P0.03). There was no change over time in the development of pituitary hypofunction, complication rate or recurrence rate.Surgical treatment is a safe and effective treatment for acromegaly and remains the first choice of treatment for most acromegalic patients. The results of this centre compare favourably with series from other centres. We have demonstrated improved results, both in terms of post operative growth hormone values and pituitary function tests with time and increasing neurosurgical experience. We conclude that outcome for the surgical treatment for acromegaly is best achieved with one surgeon specialising in pituitary surgery. Improved operative outcome thus achieved has major cost implications and avoids the necessity for consideration of postoperative radiotherapy and the use of expensive growth hormone suppressing drugs in the postoperative period.
- Published
- 1999
42. Audit of selected patients with nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas treated without irradiation - a follow-up study
- Author
-
H E, Turner, I M, Stratton, J V, Byrne, C B, Adams, and J A, Wass
- Subjects
Adenoma ,Adult ,Aged, 80 and over ,Male ,Reoperation ,Medical Audit ,Chi-Square Distribution ,Middle Aged ,Disease-Free Survival ,Humans ,Female ,Life Tables ,Pituitary Neoplasms ,Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ,Aged ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
Non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFA) are the commonest type of pituitary macroadenoma. Although the initial definitive management of these tumours is almost always trans-sphenoidal surgery, the use of postoperative radiotherapy remains controversial. Radiotherapy has been shown to significantly reduce the risk of tumour regrowth. An audit of patients with NFAs treated with trans-sphenoidal surgery without irradiation was performed at our centre five years ago, and suggested that careful selection and follow-up could avoid the need for adjuvant radiotherapy. We have repeated this audit to assess the longer term effects of this management strategy.The case notes and imaging of the original cohort of 65 of 73 patients (50 males, mean age 52) who had undergone trans-sphenoidal surgery (TSA) for NFA between July 1979 and 1992, had not received irradiation and were followed up by imaging were reviewed. Tumour regrowth was defined as enlargement of the pituitary tumour. Mean follow-up was 76 months (range 12-173).Pituitary tumour regrowth has occurred in 21 of the 65 patients (32%) during a mean follow-up of 76 months compared with 8/73 (11%) in 1994 (P = 0.002). The tumour regrowth was detected at a mean of 5.4 years (range 2-14 years). Lifetable analysis of the whole unirradiated group showed 82% recurrence free survival at 5 years (95% confidence limits 72-92%), and 56% at 10 years (95% confidence limits 38-74%). Eight (12%) patients required a second surgical procedure (6 TSA and 2 craniotomies). There was no relationship between recurrence and whether a total surgical removal was thought to have been performed.Despite careful selection of patients with non-functioning pituitary adenomas, tumour regrowth occurs in a significant proportion. These results show that continued follow-up in these patients is essential as significantly more patients showed evidence of tumour regrowth at this second assessment compared with the 1994 data. Until we are able to predict which tumours are likely to regrow postoperatively, radiotherapy should be considered for all patients with non-functioning pituitary adenomas as even in carefully selected cases, the regrowth rate is approaching 50% at 10 years.
- Published
- 1999
43. Classical pituitary apoplexy: clinical features, management and outcome
- Author
-
H S, Randeva, J, Schoebel, J, Byrne, M, Esiri, C B, Adams, and J A, Wass
- Subjects
Adenoma ,Adult ,Male ,Headache ,Visual Acuity ,Nausea ,Middle Aged ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Statistics, Nonparametric ,Treatment Outcome ,Hypertension ,Humans ,Female ,Pituitary Neoplasms ,Tomography, X-Ray Computed ,Pituitary Apoplexy ,Aged ,Retrospective Studies - Abstract
The term classical pituitary apoplexy describes a clinical syndrome characterized by sudden headache, vomiting, visual impairment and meningismus caused by the rapid enlargement of a pituitary adenoma usually due to haemorrhagic infarction of the tumour. Most published reports looking at the clinical features and management of pituitary apoplexy have not differentiated between patients with clinical and subclinical apoplexy, the latter diagnosed at surgery. Furthermore, little is reported on the clinical outcome, in particular visual and endocrinological, and the role of radiotherapy. The purpose of this study was to observe not only the clinical presentation but also the possible predisposing events, investigations, management, clinical outcome as well as the role of radiotherapy in patients presenting with classical pituitary apoplexy.In a retrospective analysis 1985-96, the medical records of 21 male and 14 female patients (mean age 49.8 years, range 30-74) with classical pituitary apoplexy were reviewed. This represents all patients seen with this condition over the stated period.In all patients, pre- and post- operative measurements were made of FT4, FT3, TSH, PRL, LH, FSH, cortisol (0900 h), GH, oestradiol (females) and testosterone (males). Pituitary imaging was by computerized tomography (CT) scan, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or both.Patients were followed for up to 11 years (mean 6.3 years: range 0.5-11). Headache (97%) was the commonest presenting symptom, followed by nausea (80%) and a reduction of visual fields (71%). Hypertension, defined as a systolic160 mmHg and/or a diastolic90 mmHg, was seen in 26% of patients. MRI correctly identified pituitary haemorrhage in 88% (n = 7), but CT scanning identified haemorrhage in only 21% (n = 6). By immunostaining criteria, null-cell adenomas were the most common tumour type (61%). Transsphenoidal surgery resulted in improvement in visual acuity in 86%. Complete restoration of visual acuity occurred in all patients operated on within 8 days but only in 46% of patients operated on after this time (9-34 days). Long-term steroid or thyroid hormone replacement was necessary in 58% and 45% of patients, respectively. Of the male patients, 43% required testosterone replacement, and long-term desmopressin therapy was required in 6%. Only two patients (6%) with tumour recurrence after transsphenoidal surgery for the initial apoplectic event, subsequently required radiotherapy.In classical pituitary apoplexy, headache is the commonest presenting symptom and hypertension may be an important predisposing factor. MRI is the imaging method of choice. Transsphenoidal surgery is safe and effective. It is indicated if there are associated abnormalities of visual acuity or visual fields because, when performed within 8 days, it resulted in significantly greater improvement in visual acuity and fields than if surgery was performed after this time. Radiotherapy is not indicated immediately as the risk of tumour recurrence is small, but careful follow-up initially with annual imaging is indicated in this group.
- Published
- 1999
44. Neurosurgery at the Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford: a history
- Author
-
T Z, Aziz and C B, Adams
- Subjects
Hospitals, University ,England ,Neurosurgery ,Humans ,History, 19th Century ,History, 20th Century ,History, 18th Century - Abstract
Neurosurgery started in Oxford in 1938. In this article, we commence the story of Oxford neurosurgery with Thomas Willis and trace the historical thread through William Osler, Charles Sherrington, John Fulton, and Harvey Cushing to Hugh Cairns. The department in Oxford is renowned for the training of neurosurgeons. The initial stimulus for this was the abundance of neurosurgical and neurological expertise in Oxford during World War II with Cairns, and this tradition continued with Joe Pennybacker and his successors. The large and ever increasing work load ensures trainees a wide exposure to challenging neurosurgical problems. An increasing emphasis placed on research has resulted in the creation of two posts; each consists of half-time clinical neurosurgery and half-time research. Hugh Cairns organized the department along "Cushing lines." This organization still exists, allowing us to treat a large number of patients with relatively few beds and an average length of patient stay less than 6 days. We look to the future with confidence.
- Published
- 1995
45. The surgery for epilepsy with speech arrest
- Author
-
C B, Adams
- Subjects
Male ,Brain Diseases ,Language Disorders ,Adolescent ,Brain ,Electroencephalography ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Functional Laterality ,Speech Disorders ,Temporal Lobe ,Psychosurgery ,Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe ,Humans ,Tomography, X-Ray Computed - Abstract
The problems confronting patients with epilepsy, their families, and the surgeons wishing to help such patients, are discussed. It is important for physicians in other specialties to realize that epilepsy surgery is not nowadays complex, difficult, painful or uncertain; furthermore such operations are based on finding and removing focal lesions rather than "epileptogenic cortex" and the result in terms of integration of the patient into society is much improved if such intervention is performed while the patient is young, with time to gain academic and social skills after the operation. The selection of patients suitable for operation is discussed as well as methods of determining which hemisphere is dominant for speech and whether or not the focal lesion involves language centres. The majority of patients with drug resistant epilepsy suitable for operation have abnormalities in one temporal lobe. The pathological lesion is described and the advantages and disadvantages of various operations for temporal lobe epilepsy discussed. Extra-temporal cortical resection in the dominant hemisphere is also considered, particularly with reference to the preservation of language function. It is important that neurosurgeons realise that MRI and CT scanning have transformed epilepsy surgery from being a rather nebulous, time consuming art, to being for the majority of patients, a clear cut, straight forward procedure firmly based on "Oslerian" pathological principles. Far too few patients are being offered an operation (which renders 60-70% seizure free); neurosurgeons should respond to this challenge.
- Published
- 1993
46. Spontaneous intraneural haematoma of the optic nerve
- Author
-
G Koutsoubelis, C B Adams, R P Gregory, and R F Kerr
- Subjects
Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,medicine.disease ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Tomography x ray computed ,Text mining ,Hematoma ,Optic nerve ,medicine ,Surgery ,Neurology (clinical) ,Radiology ,Differential diagnosis ,business ,Optic nerve diseases ,Research Article - Published
- 1991
47. The treatment of raised intracranial pressure following aneurysm surgery
- Author
-
C B Adams and M R Fearnside
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Intracranial Pressure ,Pseudotumor cerebri ,Raised intracranial pressure ,Postoperative Complications ,Cerebrospinal fluid ,Aneurysm ,Humans ,Medicine ,Infusions, Parenteral ,Mannitol ,Intracranial pressure ,Pseudotumor Cerebri ,business.industry ,Intracranial Aneurysm ,medicine.disease ,Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts ,Surgery ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Catheter ,Anesthesia ,Aneurysm surgery ,Neurology (clinical) ,business ,Research Article ,medicine.drug - Abstract
The effect of intravenous mannitol infusion and withdrawal of cerebrospinal fluid on the intracranial pressure and clinical state was studied in 26 patients with raised intracranial pressure after direct surgery for ruptured aneurysm. Each method decreased the mean intracranial pressure by about 60% of the pre-treatment level. The maximal decrease following mannitol occurred after 60-90 minutes and generally lasted between three and four hours. The effects of mannitol did not decrease when repeated infusions were necessary. Rebound increases in the intracranial pressure following infusion were not observed. Withdrawal of cerebrospinal fluid lowered the intracranial pressure immediately and the effect persisted for approximately 60 minutes. This could be repeated as often as necessary and was without systemic disturbance, although a patent intraventricular catheter was necessary. The two methods could be used simultaneously.
- Published
- 1980
48. Evaluation of Sch 29482 in experimental syphilis and comparison with penicillin G benzathine in disseminated disease and localized infection
- Author
-
Daniel M. Musher, C B Adams, and R E Baughn
- Subjects
Male ,Lactams ,medicine.drug_class ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Antibiotics ,Penicillin G Benzathine ,Physiology ,polycyclic compounds ,medicine ,Animals ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Disseminated disease ,Syphilis ,Pharmacology ,Chemotherapy ,Treponema ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,biology ,business.industry ,Penicillin G ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Antibodies, Bacterial ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Infectious Diseases ,Immunology ,Orchitis ,Rabbits ,Lymph ,business ,Research Article - Abstract
The present study was designed to assess the in vivo activity of Sch 29482, a new penem antibiotic, against disseminated and localized Treponema pallidum infections in rabbits. Animals were inoculated either intravenously or intradermally. Randomized groups then received 25 or 50 mg of Sch 29482 per kilogram of body weight twice a day for 7 days, two weekly injections of 200,000 U of penicillin G benzathine for comparative purposes, or no antibiotic therapy. In both infection models, striking differences were noted between the untreated control rabbits and rabbits receiving penicillin G benzathine or high-dose Sch 29482. Intravenously infected rabbits did not develop disseminated lesions or orchitis, and chancres produced by intradermal infection regressed and healed rapidly after both treatment regimens. Infectivity studies also suggested that high-dose Sch 29482 and penicillin G benzathine were effective since the testes and lymph nodes of treated animals were free of infectious organisms. Treatment of animals with the lower dose of Sch 29482 represented borderline or suboptimal therapy, with a failure rate of one in four for each infection model.
- Published
- 1984
49. Intracranial aneurysms: analysis of results of microneurosurgery
- Author
-
S A O'laoire, A B Loach, and C B Adams
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Microsurgery ,Poor prognosis ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Time Factors ,Adolescent ,Postoperative Complications ,Humans ,Medicine ,cardiovascular diseases ,Aged ,General Environmental Science ,business.industry ,General Engineering ,Intracranial Aneurysm ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ,Surgery ,Total mortality ,Ischemic Attack, Transient ,Hypertension ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Female ,Subarachnoid haemorrhage ,business ,Follow-Up Studies ,Research Article - Abstract
Subarachnoid haemorrhage from intracranial aneurysms has a poor prognosis. Operative management of intracranial aneurysms was once considered ineffective. The first 100 cases treated by micorsurgery were analysed to see whether mortality and morbidity were reduced. Modern surgical techniques halved the total mortality but the morbidity was unaltered. Results can be improved by delaying surgery seven days and by treating any hypertension before surgery.
- Published
- 1976
50. Letter: The Oxford protest
- Author
-
C B, Adams and M, Briggs
- Subjects
England ,Neurosurgery ,Hospital Units - Published
- 1976
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.