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FUS (Fused in sarcoma) is a ubiquitously expressed DNA/RNA binding protein. Mutations in FUS cause aggressive juvenile forms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), as in the case with the FUSDelta14 mutation. While most studies have focused on the role of FUS in motor neuron degeneration, little is known about the effect ofFUSmutations in the whole body, and the impact ofFUSmutations in the correct development of the nervous system. We studied pleiotropic phenotypes in a physiological knock-in mouse model carrying the FUSDelta14 mutation in homozygosity. RNA sequencing was conducting in six different tissues (frontal cortex, spinal cord, tibialis anterior muscle, white and brown adipose tissue and liver) to identify the genes and pathways altered by the FUSDelta14 mutant protein in the systemic transcriptome. Additionally, brain structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histological characterisation was conducted in young mice to study the role of FUS mutation in the brain development. FUS mutant protein was upregulated and mislocalised in the cytoplasm in most cells of the tissues analysed. We identified few genes commonly altered in all tissues by this mutation, although most genes and pathways affected were generally tissue-specific. Phenotypic assessment of mice revealed systemic metabolic alterations related to the pathway changes identified. MRI brain scans revealed that homozygous FUSDelta14 brains were smaller and displayed significant morphological alterations including a thinner cortex, reduced neuronal number and increased gliosis, which correlated with early cognitive impairment and fatal seizures. We demonstrated that the disease aetiology of FUS mutations can include neurodevelopmental and systemic alterations, which should be taken into consideration in the clinic.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a multifactorial and complex fatal degenerative disorder. A number of pathological mechanisms that lead to motor neuron death have been identified, although there are many unknowns in the disease aetiology of ALS. Alterations in lipid metabolism are well documented in the progression of ALS, both at the systemic level and in the spinal cord of mouse models and ALS patients. The origin of these lipid alterations remains unclear. This study aims to identify early lipid metabolic pathways altered before systemic metabolic symptoms in the spinal cord of mouse models of ALS. To do this, we performed a transcriptomic analysis of the spinal cord of SOD1G93A mice at an early disease stage, followed by a robust transcriptomic meta-analysis using publicly available RNA-seq data from the spinal cord of SOD1 mice at early and late symptomatic disease stages. The meta-analyses identified few lipid metabolic pathways dysregulated early that were exacerbated at symptomatic stages, mainly cholesterol biosynthesis, ceramide catabolism, and eicosanoid synthesis pathways. We present an insight into the pathological mechanisms in ALS, confirming that lipid metabolic alterations are transcriptionally dysregulated and are central to ALS aetiology, opening new options for the treatment of these devastating conditions.

Las áreas naturales bajo régimen de protección han sido consideradas lugares con limitada participación comunitaria, especialmente en Latinoamérica, donde son evidentes los niveles de marginación y desigualdad. Los proyectos de geoparques fungen como alternativas vinculantes entre la sociedad y el patrimonio natural con base en las áreas protegidas ya existentes. En tal virtud, se levantó información social por medio de encuestas y observación directa en ocho territorios de cuatro países latinoamericanos: Brasil, Chile, Ecuador y México, con el propósito de examinar las condiciones de participación y percepción comunitaria. Los resultados muestran una similitud en los aspectos estimados para geoparques y áreas naturales protegidas (ANP) con respecto al fondo social. No obstante, se perciben temas como las motivaciones, la comunicación y la información que deben ser trabajados de manera intensiva para mejorar la participación y, a su vez, la percepción de las comunidades locales.

Background:Neuro-Behçet’s disease (NBD) is a severe complication of Behcet’s disease (BD). Despite well-established therapies with glucocorticoids and conventional immunosuppressants (cIS), a significant proportion of patients are refractory.Objectives:To assess efficacy and safety of biologic therapy (BT) in NBD refractory to glucocorticoids and at least one cIS.Methods:Open-label multicenter study of refractory NBD from 23 different referral Spanish Hospitals. Main outcome was neurological response. Secondarily, analytical efficacy was measured by Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR), C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and Hemoglobin (Hb) at baseline, 6 months, 1 year and 2 years.Results:We studied 42 patients (21 women/ 21 men; mean age 40.4±10.8 years). HLA B51 was positive in 15 out of 37 (40.5%) patients tested. Non-neurological manifestations were oral ulcers (n=41, 97.6%), genital ulcers (n=31, 73.8%), skin lesions (n=28, 66.7%), arthralgia (n=27, 64.3%), uveitis (n=21, 50.0%), arthritis (n=9, 21.4%), venous thrombosis (n=9, 21.4%) and arterial thrombosis (n=4, 9.5%). The underlying neurologic manifestation were parenchymal (n=34, 81.0 %) and non-parenchymal (n=17, 40.5%) involvement (Table 1). The first BT used was infliximab (n=20), adalimumab (n=13), golimumab (n=3), tocilizumab (n=3) and etanercept (n=2).After 58.2±51.4 months since initiation of BT, neurological response was complete (n=27; 64.3%), or partial (n=11, 26.1%) (Figure 1). Only 4 (9.5%) patients did not respond. After 6 months of BT, ESR improved from.31.5±25.6 to 15.3±11.9 mm/h (p=0.005), CRP from 1.4 [0.2-12.8] to 0.3[0.1-3] mg/dL (p= 0.002) and Hb from 13.1±1.6 to 13.8±1.3 g/dL (p=0.005).Figure 1.Neurological clinical response to biological therapy.Primary failure was observed in 16 (38.1%) patients due to inefficacy (n=11, 68.8%) or adverse effects (n=5, 31.3%). Similarly, causes of secondary failure (n=6, 14.3%) were inefficacy (n=5, 83.3%) and adverse effects (n=1, 16.7%). No serious adverse effects were observed.Conclusion:BT, especially monoclonal anti-TNF drugs, seems to be effective and safe in refractory NBD.Table 1.Neurologic manifestation of 42 patients with refractory neurobehçet's disease treated with biologic therapy.Parenchymal subtype, n (%)34 (81.0)-Hemiparesis8 (19.1)-Polineuropathy8 (19.1)-Encephalopathy6 (14.3)-Cognitive impairments4 (9.5)-Optic neuropathy4 (9.5)-Ophtalmoparesis4 (9.5)-Other cranial nerve involvement3 (7.1)-Hemihypoesthesia3 (7.1)-Cerebellar dysphasia1 (2.4)-Cerebellar involvement1 (2.4)-Non-steroidal psicosis1 (2.4)Non-parenchymal subtype, n (%)17 (40.5)-Aseptic meningitis12(28.6)-Thrombosis4 (9.5)-Intracranial hypertension1 (2.4)Disclosure of Interests:Alba Herrero-Morant: None declared, José Luis Martín-Varillas Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Pfizer, Lilly, Janssen, and Celgene, Santos Castañeda: None declared, Iñigo González-Mazón: None declared, Olga Maiz: None declared, Ana Blanco Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Julio Sánchez: None declared, Norberto Ortego: None declared, Enrique Raya Speakers bureau: MSD, Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Alejandro Olive: None declared, Anahy Brandy-Garcia: None declared, Águeda Prior-Español: None declared, Clara Moriano: None declared, Elvira Diez Alvarez: None declared, Rafael Melero: None declared, Jenaro Graña: None declared, Álvaro Seijas-López: None declared, ANA URRUTICOECHEA-ARANA: None declared, Angel Ramos Calvo: None declared, Concepción Delgado Beltrán: None declared, Marta Loredo Martínez: None declared, Eva Salgado-Pérez: None declared, Francisca Sivera: None declared, Ignacio Torre-Salaberri: None declared, J. Narváez Speakers bureau: Bristol-Myers Squibb, José Luis Andréu Sánchez: None declared, Olga Martínez González: None declared, Ricardo Gómez de la Torre: None declared, Sabela Fernández: None declared, Susana Romero-Yuste: None declared, Gerard Espinosa: None declared, Miguel Á. González-Gay Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi, Lilly, Celgene and MSD, Grant/research support from: AbbVie, MSD, Jansen and Roche, Ricardo Blanco Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Pfizer, Roche, Bristol-Myers, Janssen, Sanofi, Lilly and MSD, Grant/research support from: AbbVie, MSD, and Roche

Key Points Question Have emergency department clinicians responded to the opioid epidemic through altering opioid prescription rates? Findings In this cross-sectional study of 556 176 emergency department patient encounters and 70 218 opioid prescriptions within a single emergency department, yearly prescriptions decreased by 66.3% between 2013 and 2018. This decrease was associated with a 71.1% reduction in the number of opioid prescriptions for musculoskeletal pain (back, limb, joint, and neck pain) and lesser, but still marked, decreases for fractures and kidney stones. Meaning Reductions in yearly opioid prescriptions across varying indications appear to be aligned with recognition of the opioid crisis in addition to national, state, and departmental education guidelines., Importance Opioid prescriptions for treatment of pain in emergency departments (EDs) are associated with long-term opioid use. The temporal pattern of opioid prescribing in the context of the opioid epidemic remains unknown. Objective To examine the temporal pattern of opioid prescribing within an ED for varying pain conditions between 2009 and 2018. Design, Setting, and Participants A population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted at the ED of an urban academic medical center. All patients treated within that ED between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2018, were included. Main Outcomes and Measures The proportion of patients prescribed an opioid for treatment of pain in the ED temporally by condition, condition type, patient demographics, and physician prescriber. Results Between 2009 and 2018, 556 176 patient encounters took place in the ED, with 70 218 unique opioid prescriptions ordered. A total of 316 632 patients (55.9%) were female, 45 070 (42.6%) were of white race, and 43 412 (40.6%) were privately insured; the median age group was 41 to 45 years. Yearly opioid prescriptions decreased by 66.3% (from 16.3 to 5.5 opioids per 100 encounters) between 2013 and 2018, with a yearly adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 0.808 (95% CI, 0.802-0.814) compared with the prior year. In patients with musculoskeletal pain (back, joint, limb, and neck pain), opioid prescribing decreased by 71.1% (from 36.7 to 10.6 opioids per 100 encounters between 2013 and 2018; aOR, 0.758; 95% CI, 0.744-0.773). In patients with musculoskeletal trauma (fracture, sprain, contusion, and injury), opioid prescribing decreased by 58.0% (from 34.2 to 14.8 opioids per 100 encounters; aOR, 0.811; 95% CI, 0.797-0.824). In patients with nonmusculoskeletal pain (abdominal pain, kidney stone, respiratory distress, and pharyngitis) opioid prescribing decreased by 53.7% (from 20.1 to 9.3 opioids per 100 encounters; aOR, 0.850; 95% CI, 0.834-0.868). Between 2009 and 2018, patients who were black (aOR, 0.760; 95% CI, 0.741-0.779) and those who were Asian (aOR, 0.714; 95% CI, 0.665-0.764) had the lowest odds of receiving an opioid compared with other racial/ethnic groups. Conclusions and Relevance There was a substantial temporal decrease in the number of opioid prescriptions within this ED during the study period. This decrease was associated with substantial relative reductions in opioid prescribing for treatment of musculoskeletal pain compared with fractures and kidney stones., This cross-sectional study examines the temporal pattern of opioid prescribing for patients with pain conditions in an urban emergency department over a 10-year period.

The trend in the industry is aimed at developing sustainable processes thus the search for alternative fuels such as biofuels can be the best alternative to replace fossil fuels but they are not yet economically competitive. This research shows a chemical route for the synthesis of tetraammineplatinum (II) chloride salt which needs several stages. Each one production step was evaluated through platinum determination by atomic absorption and their products were characterized by XRD, IR and XRF analyses. Taking into account that the overall yield to tetraammineplatinum (II) chloride was of 61% a pilot plant was proposed and evaluated. This salt is used in the preparation of precursors compounds for getting catalysts supported on structured pore size allowing impregnation of catalytic species and promote the transfer of materials triglyceride molecules, as well as the evaluation of the scaling up of this process to industrial scale.

Introduccion El objetivo del presente estudio fue establecer la prevalencia de depresion en una poblacion constituida por los ancianos que viven en su propio domicilio en la zona metropolitana de la ciudad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. Material Y Metodos Se utilizo como prueba de despistaje la «Escala de Depresion Geriatrica» (EDG) de Brink aplicada a una muestra representativa de 246 sujetos. Resultados La prevalencia encontrada fue de 36,2% de los sujetos estudiados, 43,2% de las mujeres y 27,1% de los hombres. Aparecieron como factor de riesgo la actividad (OR 4,21 a los desempleados, el estado civil (OR 3,16 los viudos/as y 2,32 los solteros/ as) y la edad (OR 2,90 para el rango de 80 a 84 anos). Cinco de los 30 reactivos de la EDG resultaron positivos en mas del 50% de los sujetos estudiados. Discusion La tasa de 36,2% de depresion encontrada en nuestra poblacion de estudio no es muy comun, pero tampoco resultan frecuentes los estudios en poblacion abierta y domiciliar. En la condicion de habitat urbano, donde se desarrolla nuestra investigacion, el aspecto laboral sigue siendo relevante, aunque no en los jubilados sino en los desocupados. La falta de empleo y la viudez representaron altos valores como factores de riesgo; no podemos dejar de considerar que estos dos factores representan perdidas y que la perdida es uno de los principales elementos en la etiologia de la mayoria de las depresiones.

In this paper we present the kinematics of the gas and/or the stars of a sample of 20 disc galaxies. We investigate whether there is any relation between the kinematics of the gas and stars and the classical morphological type of the galaxies in the sample. We deduce that, in most of the late-type spirals we have studied, the stars and the ionized gas are moving with virtually circular velocity, except when the spectroscopic slit crosses a bar region. On the other hand, we found in the central parts of early-type disc galaxies a wider variety of different behaviour of stars and gas. We find many possible factors that complicate the classification of the kinematical properties of the galaxies by their morphological type: the presence of counter-rotations (star vs. stars or star vs. gas), misalignment between the different kinematic components present in the galaxy, the presence of a bar structure and its orientation with respect to the line of nodes of the galaxy, and interactions and mergers or external accretion processes are some of the problems we find in the study of the kinematics of a galaxy.

The R-band isophotal map of the Sa galaxy NGC 4698 shows that the inner region of the bulge is elongated perpendicularly to the major axis of the disc. At the same time a central stellar velocity gradient is found along the minor axis of the disc. The same properties have also been recognized in the Sa galaxy NGC 4672. This remarkable geometric and kinematic decoupling is a direct indication that a second event occurred in the history of these galaxies suggesting that acquisition phenomena could play a primary role in the formation of early-type spirals.

The spiral galaxy NGC 3521 exhibits apparently normal kinematic properties of gas and stars along its major axis. However, the analysis of the LOSVD reveals strong asymmetries. A decomposition of the LOSVD data with a two-Gaussian component model shows two counter-rotating stellar components. The observed kinematic decoupling is interpreted as a projection effect induced by the presence of a bar component seen almost end on. The bar produces locally a greater concentration of retrograde stellar orbits but this does not relate to a specific counter-rotating population. The signatures of the bar are identified in the velocity field derived from long-slit spectra obtained along the major, minor and 45° intermediate axes and from R-band surface photometry.

We present a comparison between the ionized gas and stellar kinematics for a sample of five early-to-intermediate disc galaxies. We measured the major axis V and σ radial profiles for both gas and stars, and the h 3 and h 4 radial profiles of the stars. We also derived from the R-band surface photometry of each galaxy the light contribution of their bulges and discs. In order to investigate the differences between the velocity fields of the sample galaxies we adopted the self-consistent dynamical model by Pignatelli and Galletta (1999), which takes into account the asymmetric drift effects, the projection effects along the line of sight and the non-Gaussian shape of the line profiles due to the presence of different components with distinct dynamical behaviour. We find for the stellar component a sizeable asymmetric drift effect in the inner regions of all the sample galaxies, as results from comparing their stellar rotation curves with the circular velocity predicted by the models. The galaxy sample is not wide enough to draw general conclusions. However, we have found a possible correlation between the presence of slowly rising gas rotation curves and the ratio of the bulge/disc half-luminosity radii, while there is no obvious correlation with the key parameter represented by the morphological classification, namely the bulge/disc luminosity ratio. Systems with a diffuse, dynamically hot component (bulge or lens) with a scale length comparable to that of the disc are characterized by slowly rising gas rotation curves. On the other hand, in systems with a small bulge the gas follows almost circular motions, regardless of the luminosity of the bulge itself. We noticed a similar behaviour also in the gas and stellar kinematics of the two early-type spiral galaxies modelled by Corsini et al.(1998).

We have used the effective-mass approximation and a variational procedure in the study of internal transitions associated with 1s-, 2p-, 3p-, and 4p-like magneto-exciton confined states in GaAs–(Ga, Al)As quantum wells, under a magnetic field applied in the growth direction. Theoretical results were obtained as a function of the applied magnetic field and for several well widths. The calculated far-infrared intraexcitonic transition energies are found in good agreement with recent experimental measurements obtained via a highly sensitive optically detected resonance technique.

"The present work describes the quantification of the noise sources contributions to the microwave transistor noise performance, particularly focusing on the minimum noise factor (Fmin) and on the equivalent noise resistance (Rn). For this analysis microwave noise small-signal modeling is used. This study is performed for one SiGe:C/Si and one InP/InGaAs heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) at several bias points and at two operation frequencies. It is shown that some parameters usually neglected to develop simplified formulas for noise analysis have a non-negligible contribution to Fmin and Rn. This demonstrates that for other HBT technologies it is necessary to carry out a similar study in order to determine whether noise sources can be neglected or not. This procedure may be useful when deriving simplified and accurate models of microwave noise analysis. The development of accurate and simplified analytical models for noise analysis for many other HBT (III-V and IV-IV) technologies may benefit from this procedure."

A theoretical study of the current-voltage characteristics of a double-barrier heterostructure doped with a layer of shallow donors in the middle of the well and subjected to a magnetic field tilted with respect to the growth direction is reported. The parent materials are assumed to possess simple cubic lattices, the electronic structure of the system is modeled by means of a one-band tight-binding Hamiltonian, and the current is evaluated employing the Keldysh nonequilibrium formalism. The results reveal the magnetocompression of the donor wavefunction, in good qualitative agreement with the experimental report of Patane et al [Phys Rev Lett 105 236804 (2010)].

This paper presents theoretical results of a study that analyzed the effect of a high- frequency laser in the ground state binding energy of a hydrogenic donnor impurity. For these results, the trigonometric sweep method and framework of the effective mass approximation is applied. The results showed that the binding energy changes depending on the laser intensity and the impurity position across of the nanocone axis. The results agree with previous results obtained in similar systems.

Objective: To investigate the effects of an orally administered probiotic on the oral microbiota. Methods: A placebo-controlled, parallel study was conducted in 40 gingivitis subjects during 8 weeks. Treatment consisted on the administration of a daily tablet, either containing Lactobacillus reuteri or placebo. Unstimulated saliva and subgingival samples were collected and analysed by culture and PCR. Clinical and microbiological outcome variables were compared between and within groups. Results: There were no significant changes between and within the groups in the clinical variables. In saliva, total anaerobic counts after 4 weeks (p = 0.021) and counts of Prevotella intermedia after 8 weeks (p = 0.030), showed reductions in the test group. In subgingival samples, significant reductions in the changes baseline to 4 weeks were observed for P. gingivalis counts (p = 0.008). With PCR, L. reuteri ATCC-PTA-5289 was more frequently detected than L. reuteri DSM-17938. Conclusions: The effect of L. reuteri administered in tablets resulted in a reduction in the number of selected periodontal pathogens in the subgingival microbiota, without an associated clinical impact.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the overall development level in children ages 0 to 4 who live in very depressed socioeconomic and cultural conditions DESIGN: This study is observational, crosssectional,and prospective Setting. The study was carried out in four types of communities in the state of Jalisco, Mexico: migrant, indigenous, rural, and irregular urban communities on the outskirts of cities PARTICIPANTS: 1277 children under the age of 4 years, who live in the communities selected for the study PRINCIPAL MEASUREMENTS: Evaluation of the overall development level was based on the Jalisco Scale for Evaluation of Overall Development, which is designed especially for socioeconomically and culturally depressed groups in Mexico RESULTS: The average development score found in the children was 71.7, which is considered moderately low according to the 3 classification levels of adequate, moderately low, and low. Only 30.4% of the children achieved scores in the adequate category. All the children are considered to live in a highrisk psychosocial environment, which explains the low scores in overall development as evaluated CONCLUSIONS: Differences were observed in some variables within the uniformly low social level of the subjects studied. These differences could be considered as an indication of greater risk within a group that is already high-risk. In cases of overall development that is very low, mothers do not perceive that children have any problems at the time the study is being conducted. This could imply that these mothers do not respond proactively to community education and/or health programs that focus on early intervention

Reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD) has been related to a variety of inciting and predisposing factors. However, there are few reports of a familiar or genetic background in RSD. This paper describes two cases of RSD polytopic and recurrent in lower limbs of two brothers with similar HLA.

At last year the great scientific advances in genetics and molecular biology have led to a bigger knowledge about we nowadays call "Autoinflammatory syndromes", characterized by recurrent inflammatory episodes genetically determined and not mediated by autoimmunity. In this group, they are included the hereditary periodic fever syndromes: familial mediterranean fever (FMF), hyper Ig-D syndrome (HIDS), TNF-receptor-associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS), Muckle-Wells syndrome (MWS), familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome (FCAS), CINCA syndrome. The past 6 year have witnessed the identification of genes causing these diseases. Some of these genes encode proteins with a common domain (PYRIN domain). These protein are part of regulatory pathway of inflammation and apoptosis. The purpose of this article, is to carry out review of the genetic, clinical, molecular and rheumatologic aspect of these syndromes, in part unknown. Although they are not common, they are not absent in our diary clinical practise. Their study and research we will be able to obtain new knowledge that lead us to solve the complex inflammatory process.

En los últimos años, los grandes avances científicos en materia de genética y biología molecular, nos ha conducido a un mayor conocimiento de los actualmente denominados síndromes autoinflamatorios, caracterizados porrecurrentes episodios inflamatorios genéticamente determinados y no mediados por autoinmuinidad. Dentro de este gruponos encontramos losdenominados síndromes de fiebre recurrente hereditaria: fiebre mediterránea familiar (FMF), síndrome hiper IgD (HIDS), síndrome de receptor del TNFa (TRAPS), síndrome de Muckle-Wells (MWS), urticaria familiar por frío (FCAS) y síndrome CINCA. Su base genética ha sido claramente demostrada mediante la identificación del gen reponsable. Alguno de estos genes codifican proteínas con un dominio común (PYRIN-dominio), claves en los procesos de apoptosis e inflamación. La finalidad de este artículo es realizar una revisión de los aspectos genéticos, moleculares, clínicos y reumatológicos de estos síndromes, aún en parte desconocidos, y aunque poco frecuentes, no ausentes de nuestra práctica diaria. De su estudio e investigación podremos obtener nuevos conocimientos que nos conducirán a desentrañar elcomplejo proceso inflamatorio. At last year the great scientific advances in genetics and molecular biology have led to a bigger knowledge about we nowadays call “ Autoinflammatory syndromes”, characterized by recurrent inflammatory episodes genetically determined and not mediated by autoinmmunity. In this group, they are included the hereditary periodic fever syndromes: familial mediterranean fever (FMF), hiper Ig-D syndrome (HIDS), TNF-receptor-associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS), Muckle-Wells syndrome (MWS), familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome (FCAS), CINCA syndrome. The past 6 year have witnessed the identification of genes causing these diseases. Some of these genes encode proteins with a common domain ( PYRIN domain). These protein are part of regulatory pathway of inflammationand apoptosis. The purpose of this article, is to carry out review of the genetic, clinical, molecular and rheumatologic aspect of these syndromes, in part unknow. Although they are not common, they are not absent in our diary clinical practise. Their study and research we will be able to obtain new knowledge that lead us to solve the complex inflammatory process.

We use long-slit spectroscopy along the major axis of a sample of 23 nearby disk galaxies to study the kinematic properties of the ionized-gas component in their inner regions. For each galaxy, we derive the position-velocity diagram of the ionized gas from its emission lines. We discuss the variety of shapes observed in such position-velocity diagrams by comparing the gas velocity gradient, velocity dispersion and integrated flux measured in the inner (r +/-1'') and outer regions (r +/-4''). This kind of analysis allows the identification of galaxies which are good candidates to host a circumnuclear Keplerian gaseous disk rotating around a central mass concentration, and to follow up with Hubble Space Telescope observations., Comment: 17 pages. 5 PostScript figures (Fig. 2 at lower resolution). Accepted for publication in A&A

The increasing demographic and life expectancy rates, together with the vertiginous technological development during the last two decades, have raised the number of cardiac patients requiring surgical treatment. Therefore, several institutions have been forced to give priority to advanced or more serious cases and to postpone those that do not demand an urgent surgery. This analysis was made from June 15, 1999 to June 15, 2000 and demonstrates the results obtained from maintaining a fast track at the National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chávez". This has favored the practice of surgeries in cases with noncomplex pathologies, null mortality, and low morbidity rates. The analysis also compares results from patients who had been subjected to surgery for the same type of pathologies but following the usual course of admittance and surgery scheduling, proving to be cost-efficient. It also demonstrates the high incidence of inter-auricular communication and the Von Willebrand disease that exist in our environment. Based on the results, we propose to maintain and increase this type of surgeries, addressing their limitations.