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The aim of this study was to replace fish meal (FM) with soy protein concentrate (SPC) in carp diets. During a carp feeding trial, the replacement of FM with SPC in four diets 100% replacement (SPC100); 50% replacement (SPC50); 25% replacement (SPC25), and; 0% replacement (SPC0) had no negative effects on the feed conversion ratio or the feed efficiency ratio of the live carp. However, significant differences in the specific growth rate and condition factor were found. The data obtained showed the four different carp diets led to differences in the chemical composition of the resultant carp meat. Between dietary treatments, significant differences were seen in the level of saturated fatty acids (FAs) in carp meat (P < 0.05). The levels of monounsaturated FAs and polyunsaturated FAs in carp meat differed significantly between dietary treatments (P ˂ 0.05). Pearson's correlation coefficient indicates a statistically significant correlation between the FA composition of the diet and the resultant carp meat. It is possible to replace up to 25% of the FM with SPC. Diets SPC25 and SPC0 had no significant FA composition and had amino acid balances that, more than the other diets studied, closely met the requirements of the carp.

Intentions to purchase meat and repeat purchasing patterns will depend on the consumer's perception of intrinsic and extrinsic quality cues. In order to discover consumers' insights into the quality of pork and beef, the main objective of this study was to investigate meat color, marbling, and types of fresh meat defects. A total of 50 samples of meat were analyzed for three quality characteristics on different levels. This study applied a statistical calculation of a loss function invented by Taguchi. The results showed the values of variations in meat color and marbling that present the limits of consumers' tolerance. Based on the obtained results, it was determined that the tolerable level of color variations of beef is 3.61, while for pork, this limit is 2.00. The most preferred marbling percentages were 21% and 5.74% for beef and pork, respectively. On the other hand, the negative effect of defects was the strongest for "dark cutting" for beef and "blood spotting" for pork loins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Validation of sensory evaluation employs a process similar to any other method validation procedure in analytical chemistry. However, the parameters often measured in sensory testing are different, because the human sensory apparatus and brain are the instruments being calibrated. A total of 10 fish samples were examined by an expert 5-member evaluation panel for the visual presence of parasites in frozen fish. From each frozen hake sample, a group of six slices of fish muscle was formed by longitudinal sectioning. The total of 60 sliced samples were divided into 10 plates with six samples each. The first plate contained six slices, each of which contained parasites. The attribute agreement analysis showed strong agreement in the overall ratings. It was found that at least 75% of all tests achieved the highest level of agreement. The results of the tests were presented in the form of tables and graphs summarizing the subjective test results using Fleiss' Kappa and Cohen's Kappa statistics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The contents of the essential elements, iron, manganese and copper, were determined in the kidney and liver of the European brown hare (Lepus europaeus). The wild hares assayed were divided into five age classes ranging from 3 months to more than 36 months. The animals were collected during 2010/2011 from 21 different hunting terrains and originated mainly from arable and agricultural biotopes in Serbia. The mutual interactions of the metals obtained from kidneys and livers of 157 individual hares in age groups were calculated. The mean levels of Fe, Mn and Cu (mg/kg, wet weight) registered in kidney (K) and liver (L) were: Fe (K) 103.3±42.1; Fe (L) 138.5±52.7; Mn (K) 1.75±0.66; Mn (L) 2.36±0.85; Cu (K) 3.32±0.62; Cu (L) 4.16±1.40. No statistically significant differences (p>0.05) were found between the age groups with regard to the Fe, Mn and Cu contents in the kidneys and liver of brown hares (within the same organs). Statistically significant differences between levels in liver and kidney (between different organs) were registered in all age groups (in favour of higher levels in the liver over the kidney) of hares, except for Fe contents in both organs in the age groups of 3-6 and 12 months. Correlations between the content of elements within the age groups were determined using the Pearson test for normal distributions. The correlation patterns between the essential elements in the hare liver and kidney showed both positive and negative significant correlations among some single or different elements within the same organ and among the elements between the two organs. Within age groups, we registered seven different statistically significant mixed associations (FeK-FeL, CuL-MnL, MnL-FeL, CuK-MnK, MnK-FeL, CuK-FeL, and CuL-FeL). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The total volume of meat production in Serbia from 2012 to 2021 was 550 thousand tons. In the overall meat production, pork accounted for over 50%. The trend in meat production during the observed period indicates an increase in production volume. The increased production volume is based on the fact that the slaughtering of cattle and the import of live animals to Serbia (pigs and poultry) for feeding and slaughtering as live animals from Serbia have both increased. The crisis in livestock farming in Serbia is evident from the data that the average value of meat and processed meat products imported and the value of live animal imports averaged over $US 150 million from 2012 to 2021. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The users of financial services generally do not have the required expertise that they need to process the available financial information when they make financial and investment decisions, and as such they represent a sensitive category of financial market participants, which may intentionally or unintentionally be exposed to manipulation. If the beneficiaries do not have relevant and accurate information, the relationship between the provider and the service user is characterized with information asymmetry, and because of these reasons adequate regulatory instruments are necessary in order to protect the interests of financial services users. In the financial services sector, the development of a long-term successful relationship between providers and users of services should be based on mutual trust and users' feel that they have received a value for the price paid. The aim of the paper is to highlight the modern ways of improving the protection of the interests of consumers of financial services provided by insurance companies and investment funds. The paper analyses the reasons for protection of consumers of financial services, specifics of insurance as financial service, the importance of trust as a key factor for the attraction of service users and the basic principles of operation of investment funds in the developed and the domestic financial market are compared. The particular attention is given to insurance companies and investment funds in terms of regulatory and other mechanisms of governments that are related to the protection of insureds and investment funds investors.