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Molecularly imprinted polymer based nanofilms specific to melamine were synthesized on quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) electrode surface. Contact angle measurements, atomic force microscopy, ellipsometry and scanning electron microscopy were used for characterizations process. Some of the findings of the study are as follows: pH 6.0 was found as optimal working pH for melamine detection. Prepared MIP QCM electrode showed a linearity of 99.53% in the concentration range of 50-1000 ng/mL. Langmuir-Freundlich hybrid model was the best fitted isotherm for whole concentration range. The performance of MIP QCM electrode was also confirmed by determining of melamine in melamine spiked milk samples. As a conclusion, the results figured out that not only QCM nanosensor for specific melamine detection but also polymerization strategy were classified as an intriguing alternative for developing new melamine sensing platforms. Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were calculated as 2.3 ng/mL and 7.8 ng/mL, respectively., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Conflicting results has been achieved in a small number of clinical studies evaluating the efficiency of magnesium sulphate (MS) in COPD exacerbations. We aimed to investigate the efficiency of nebulised MS in COPD exacerbations., Patients and Methods: Twenty patients who met the study criteria were randomized into two groups. All patients were treated with O2, antibiotics and oral corticosteroids. Additionally one group received ipratropium bromide (IB) 500 µg together with MS 151 mg/dose, while the other group received IB together with placebo. The patients were followed-up with forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and visual analogue scale dyspnea scores for 48 hours. Peak expiratory flow rates (PEFRs) were measured before and 10, 30, 60 and 120 minutes after each nebule treatment., Result: The baseline characteristics of the patients in both groups were similar. The FEV1 values measured at 24 and 48 hours did not show significant changes compared to baseline in both groups. Dyspnea scores in both groups decreased significantly in the first day, and in only MS group in the second day. The % change in the dyspnea score at the end of first day was significantly more in the MS group [-23.8% (13.6)] compared with the placebo group [-9.4% (12.9)] (p= 0.002). The % changes in PEFRs at 10 minutes [4.7 (7.5) and -3.5 (6.0), p= 0.005] and 30 minutes [8.2 (6.7) and 1.3 (5.5), p= 0.03] were significantly greater in the MS group compared with the placebo group on the first day. No side effects developed due to MS., Conclusion: Nebulised MS is a cheap, feasible and safe drug that can be added to the standart bronchodilator treatment since it provides additional relief of dyspnea in patients with COPD exacerbations. This needs to be evaluated in future clinical studies including greater number of patients.