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OBJECTIVE: identify manifestations, by mammography and ultrasound, in patients with histopathological report of ductal carcinoma in situ. MATERIAL AND METHOD: an ambilective, transverse, descriptive, observational study. We studied mammograms and ultrasounds from patients with histopathological diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ from January 2010 through November 2015. RESULTS: eighteen patients were included and the most common findings were by mammography (58%): calcifications (48%) pleomorphic type (41%) and grouped distribution (100%). By ultrasound, there were findings in 42% of the cases: nodes (69%) and area of distortion (31%). The most common category was BI-RADS 4c in 65%. The pattern of ductal carcinoma in situ most commonly found was the non-comedo type (82%) mostly solid (55%). The predominant nuclear grade was low (44%). CONCLUSIONS: it is important to be familiar with the manifestations of ductal carcinoma in situ, by mammography and by ultrasound, to be able to identify it in its earliest stage. Although mammography is a valuable diagnostic mode, to detect breast cancer ultrasound should also be considered to diagnose lesions it may conceal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: review the image characteristics of different disorders in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant processes of the male breast. Discuss the most common diseases seen at Hospital Christus Muguerza Alta Especialidad. MATERIAL AND METHODS: we studied 40 patients in the period from January 2011 through December 2015. We searched the database of Hospital Christus Muguerza Alta Especialidad to identify patients who underwent studies of mammography, ultrasound, and subsequent biopsy of mammary lesions. RESULTS: the disorder most commonly observed is of the benign variety gynecomastia was the most common diagnosis (60.9%). We detected 4.3% of patients with malignant conditions, usually palpable tumors reported as invasive ductal adenocarcinomas. DISCUSSION: in our population we found a majority of benign conditions, with gynecomastia the most common diagnosis. The malignancy reported most commonly was invasive ductal adenocarcinoma, a finding concurring with the specialized literature. We should take into account the BI-RADS reporting system, which does not make the distinction between female or male gender. CONCLUSIONS: benign mammary disorders are the most common in male patients, and gynecomastia is the disorder of greatest incidence. Although malignant pathology of the male breast is uncommon, it is important to take into account the various clinical and image manifestations which suggest this diagnosis, to provide comprehensive and opportune treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cranioencephalic trauma is a common condition which can be devastating. The global annual incidence is approximately 10 million deaths or hospitalizations. Cranioencephalic trauma is one of the leading causes of death in patients between 1 5 and 40 years of age in the industrialized countries and occurs with the same frequency in both genders. Objective: Correlate the severity of findings seen by diffusion sequences and the percentage of apparent diffusion coefficient maps in diffuse axonal damage with scores on the Glasgow coma scale. Material and method: An observational, descriptive, transversal, am-bilective study. Simple brain magnetic resonances were studied, from January 2011 through October 2014, of patients with diagnosis of severe cranioencephalic trauma and diffuse axonal injury. The diffusion sequence was analyzed jointly with the maps of apparent diffusion coefficient and was compared with the Glasgow coma scale as reported in the emergency room note. Results: Fourteen patients were registered and a Pearson correlation test was performed taking the apparent diffusion coefficients and the Glasgow coma scale. An r = 0.587 was obtained, which indicates that there is no linear correlation between the two groups of data. Conclusions: The percentage of the apparent diffusion coefficient cannot be used as a predictive factor of severity of diffuse axonal injury in patients with severe cranioencephalic trauma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. Compare the density of stones in simple abdominal tomography with crystallography to predict the chemical component. Material and method. An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective study. We studied non-contrast CT abdominal scans, from January 2011 through March 2012, of patients with diagnosis of kidney stones whose samples were subject to crystallography. We evaluated attenuation of stones with a region of interest at their maximum diameter. Then the results obtained in crystallography were correlated with the Hounsfield units of each stone studied by tomography. Results. Forty-five patients were included. A Pearson correlation test was performed taking the Hounsfield units and the percentage of the primary component of the stone. The average value was taken obtaining an r² of 0.0035. The results indicate that there is no relationship between the data compared. Conclusions. Tomography can be used to distinguish between stones of calcium oxalate and uric acid; however, it cannot distinguish other components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Osteoporosis is a systemic disease characterized by loss of bone density; it primarily affects persons of advanced age, increases the risk of fractures, and has direct impact on morbidity and mortality. Objective: Determinethe prevalence of patients with diagnosis of osteopenia or osteoporosis at Hospital Christus Muguerza Alta Especialidad using computed tomography bone densitometry. Material and method: An observational, transversal and descriptive study. Based on bone densitometry studies conducted by tomography at Hospital Christus Muguerza, patients were classified based on their bone mineral density as: osteoporosis, osteopenia, or normal results; some associated risk factors were analyzed in the period June through October 2014. Result: 64 patients answered a questionnaire: 58 were female (90.6%), of whom 29.3% had osteopenia, 15.5% mild osteoporosis, 13.7% moderate osteoporosis, and 3.4% severe osteoporosis. Of the 6 male participants, 1 presented mild osteoporosis, 2 osteopenia, and 3 had normal results. Conclusions: 60.9% of the patients presented diagnoses of osteopenia or osteoporosis based on bone mineral density; density was lower in patients over 50 years of age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of death due to in the United States. In Mexico it is fifth in incidence of malignant neoplasms in men and seventh in women. Objective. Evaluate the effectiveness of evaluating the pancreatic phase by tomography with contrast medium, in identification of pancreatic neoplasms. Material and methods. A descriptive, observational study of a diagnostic test. We studied patients with diagnosis confirmed by pathology of pancreatic cancer and performed computed tomography with intravenous contrast on them between January 2006 and September 2012. We evaluated the behavior of the lesion with the intravenous contrast medium in pancreatic phase. Results. Sixteen patients were studied; we analyzed sensitivity and specificity of evaluation of the pancreatic phase in identification of neoplasms (93 and 0%, respectively) compared with histopathological diagnosis. Discussion. Computed tomography with intravenous contrast medium, with the proper injection time, is a fundamental tool in identification of pancreatic neoplasms. It improves the quality of treatment by revealing the extent of involvement and offering a real prognosis of the status of the disease. Conclusions. Computed tomography with use of intravenous contrast, carefully timed, maximizes the difference in attenuation between a probable neoplastic lesion and normal pancreatic parenchyma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Stereotactic radiotherapy is a non-invasive procedure in which doses of radiation are administered to cerebral lesions in an ablative attempt. Magnetic resonance plays an important role in evaluating therapeutic response and complications. Objective: The objective of this study is to analyze brain metastases by magnetic resonance, evaluating the changes that occur following treatment with stereotactic radiotherapy to determine whether image characteristics are related to the treatment success rate. Material and methods: A study of cases and controls in 20 metastases was conducted, of patients subjected to stereotactic radiotherapy, who had baseline magnetic resonance and post-treatment control. The variables analyzed were: volume of lesion, detection of lesion, perilesional edema, and mass effect. Results: no magnetic resonance image characteristics were observed that could be associated with a poor response to treatment; however, metastases originating in a melanoma were associated with poor response to treatment. Size larger than 1 cm³ was associated with good response to treatment, and the origin of metastases in primary tumors of the lung. Conclusions: Among the lesions analyzed only the size larger than 1 cm³ as a variable assessed by image was associated with a good response to treatment, and with the pulmonary origin of metastasis. Melanoma as the origin of metastasis was associated with poor response to treatment. Due to the limited number of patients, these results should be considered preliminary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. Compare changes in renal function in hospitalized patients exposed to intravenous contrast medium with changes in renal function in unexposed patients. Material and methods. A retrospective cohort study was conducted analyzing changes in serum creatinine values in patients before wand after administration of contrast medium compared with similar patients who were not exposed to contrast medium. Results. Thirty-three patients with exposure to intravenous contrast were monitored, of whom only two (6%) presented alteration of renal function. Also, 65 patients not exposed to intravenous contrast were monitored, of whom 11 (16%) presented alteration of renal function. Conclusions. Applying intravenous contrast to perform diagnostic studies does not increase the risk of contrast-induced nephropathy in hospitalized patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Chest injuries are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. Proper description of findings is important and the chest x-ray is the preferred imaging method. Objective. The aim of this study is to review the spectrum of lesions that occur in the chest, detected by means of simple x-rays, in polytraumatized patients. Material and methods. An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study of 72 patients (37 women and 35 men between 15 and 70 years of age) with polytrauma caused by automobile accidents. All underwent chest x-rays on admission. Results. We observed that 21 patients presented some radiological alteration associated with trauma and the most common injuries were costal fractures 44% (13 patients). The second most common radiological alteration was pulmonary contusion with 27% (8 patients), and pneumothorax was observed in 7% of the cases. Discussion. There was a distribution of injuries similar to that described in the specialized literature in terms of thoracic trauma. The anteroposterior x-ray is highly useful because it can be taken without altering the patient's mobility. Conclusion. The chest x-ray plays an important role in the initial evaluation of a polytraumatized patient and is a rapid, simple, and practical imaging method. It provides important information on the structures of the rib cage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]