Search

Resumen: El término enfermedad arterial periférica (EAP) se considera un término general que engloba una serie de síndromes arteriales no coronarios causados por la alteración de la estructura y la función de la aorta y las arterias periféricas debida principalmente a la ateroesclerosis, aunque hay otros procesos fisiopatológicos, como el tabaco, la diabetes, la hipertensión arterial y la hiperlipidemia. Para su diagnóstico contamos con métodos no invasivos, como el índice tobillo-brazo, que nos permite hacer además pronóstico y seguimiento de los pacientes con esta patología. Es importante realizar el diagnóstico diferencial, mediante la anamnesis y la exploración física, con otras patologías que generan claudicación intermitente, tales como patología radicular o patología osteomuscular. En cuanto al tratamiento médico, contamos con la modificación de los factores de riesgo, como primera medida, y posteriormente entramos en los fármacos antiagregantes y anticoagulantes, así como la terapia hipolipemiante con estatinas. Abstract: The term peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is considered a general term that encompasses a series of non-coronary arterial syndromes caused by alterations in the structure and function of the aorta and peripheral arteries, mainly due to atherosclerosis, although there are other physiopathological processes such as smoking, diabetes, arterial hypertension and hyperlipidaemia. For its diagnosis we have non-invasive methods such as the ankle-arm index that also allows us to make a prognosis and follow-up of patients with this pathology. It is important to make the differential diagnosis through anamnesis and physical examination, with other pathologies that generate intermittent claudication such as radicular pathology or musculoskeletal pathology. In terms of medical treatment, the first step is the modification of risk factors, followed by antiplatelet and anticoagulant drugs and lipid-lowering therapy with statins.

Este texto es un acercamiento a una realidad contextual; explora la dinámica de la labor -in situ- que se realiza en los Centros Comunitarios del Municipio de Xalapa, Veracruz, desde la experiencia de sus principales actores, los ciudadanos. Nos preguntamos acerca del impacto que tiene el trabajo comunitario desarrollado en estos Centros, desde la perspectiva de la ciudadanía que lo experimenta. Vislumbramos una ciudadanía que se involucra en un proceso que revitaliza sus talentos, el desarrollo de sus capacidades y las actitudes proactivas que inciden en su bienestar personal como colectivo. Sustentamos nuestra visión desde los aportes de la Biología del Conocimiento y la Biología del Amor de Maturana. Concluimos que el territorio ofrece oportunidades para un florecimiento humano, desde la responsabilidad compartida, la transferencia de conocimientos y el desarrollo de habilidades para un nuevo vivir, más sano y pacífico.

Resumen: En los últimos años se ha modificado el significado de adecuación en diálisis peritoneal. Hemos asistido a una transición desde un concepto de adecuación enfocado esencialmente a la obtención de unos objetivos en determinados parámetros —aclaramiento de solutos y ultrafiltración— a una aproximación más holística centrada en la calidad de vida del paciente. El propósito de este documento es proporcionar a sus destinatarios recomendaciones, actualizadas y centradas en nuestro entorno sociosanitario, para la adecuación y la prescripción de la diálisis peritoneal. El documento se ha estructurado en tres grandes apartados: adecuación, función renal residual y prescripción en diálisis peritoneal continua ambulatoria y diálisis peritoneal automática. Recientemente se ha publicado una guía sobre el mismo tema, elaborada por un Comité de Expertos de la Sociedad Internacional de Diálisis Peritoneal (ISPD) (2020). En consideración a las aportaciones del grupo de expertos de la ISPD y a la cuasi simultaneidad de los dos proyectos se hacen referencias a esta guía en los apartados pertinentes. Se ha seguido una metodología sistemática (GRADE), que especifica el nivel de evidencia y la fuerza de las sugerencias y recomendaciones propuestas, y facilita actualizaciones futuras de la guía. Abstract: In recent years, the meaning of adequacy in peritoneal dialysis has changed. We have witnessed a transition from an exclusive achievement of specific objectives —namely solute clearances and ultrafiltration— to a more holistic approach more focused to on the quality of life of these patients. The purpose of this document is to provide recommendations, updated and oriented to social and health environment, for the adequacy and prescription of peritoneal dialysis. The document has been divided into three main sections: adequacy, residual kidney function and prescription of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and automated peritoneal dialysis. Recently, a guide on the same topic has been published by a Committee of Experts of the International Society of Peritoneal Dialysis (ISPD 2020). In consideration of the contributions of the group of experts and the quasi-simultaneity of the two projects, references are made to this guide in the relevant sections. We have used a systematic methodology (GRADE), which specifies the level of evidence and the strength of the proposed suggestions and recommendations, facilitating future updates of the document.

In this study, the sizing problem of hybrid diesel–photovoltaic–battery systems was determined using a particle swarm optimization approach. The goal was to optimize the number of solar panels and batteries that could be installed to reduce the overall cost of an isolated grid system, originally powered by diesel generators, located on Isabela Island in the Galapagos, Ecuador. In this study, real solar radiation and temperature profiles were used, as well as the load demand and electrical distribution system relative to this island. The results reveal that the total cost for the proposed approach is lower as it reaches the global optimal solution. It also highlights the advantage of a hybrid diesel–photovoltaic–battery (DG-PV-BAT) system compared to conventional systems operated exclusively by diesel generators (DGs) and systems made up of DGs and PV panels; compared to them, a reduction in diesel consumption and total cost (71% and 56%, respectively) is achieved. The DG-PV-BAT system also considerably improves environmental factors and the quality of the power line. This study demonstrates the advantages of hybridizing systems isolated from the network through the proposed approach.

Abstract Introduction Hotspots (HS) mutations in the PIK3CA gene may lead to poorer oncological outcomes and endocrine resistance in advanced breast cancer (BC), but their prognostic role in early‐stage disease remains controversial. The overall agreement within plasma and tissue methods has not been well explored. Our aim was to correlate tissue and plasma approaches and to analyze the prognostic impact of PIK3CA mutations (PIK3CAm) in HR+/HER2− BC. Methods A retrospective and unicentric analysis of PIK3CA mutational status in tissue and plasma samples by Cobas®PIK3CA Mutation Kit in patients with HR+/HER2− BC. Results We analyzed 225 samples from 161 patients with luminal BC. PIK3CA mutations were identified in 62 patients (38.5%), of which 39.6% were found in tissue and 11.8% in plasma. In advanced disease, plasma and tissue correlation rate was performed in 64 cases, with an overall agreement of 70.3%. Eighty patients were treated with CDK4/6 inhibitors + endocrine therapy. We observed a moderately worse progression‐free survival (PFS) in PIK3CAm versus wild‐type (WT) (24 m vs. 30 m; HR = 1.39, p = 0.26). A subanalysis was carried out based on exons 9 and 20, which showed a statistically poorer PFS in PIK3CAm exon 9 versus 20 population (9.7 m vs. 30.3 m; HR = 2.84; p = 0.024). Furthermore, detection of PIK3CAm in plasma was linked to a worse PFS vs PIK3CAm detection just in tissue (12.4 vs. 29.3; HR = 2.4; p = 0.08). Conclusions Our findings suggest the PIK3CA evaluation in tissue as the diagnostic method of choice, however, additional investigations are required to improve the role of liquid biopsy in the PIK3CA assessment. PIK3CAm show worse outcomes in advanced luminal BC, especially in exon 9 mutation carriers, despite visceral involvement, prior exposure to endocrine therapy or detection of PIK3CAm in plasma, with an unclear prognosis in early‐stage disease. Nonetheless, this should be validated in a prospective cohort study.

Abstract The genomes of species belonging to the genus Colletotrichum harbor a substantial number of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs) encoded by a broad diversity of gene families. However, the biological role of their CYP complement (CYPome) has not been elucidated. Here, we investigated the putative evolutionary scenarios that occurred during the evolution of the CYPome belonging to the Colletotrichum Graminicola species complex (s.c.) and their biological implications. The study revealed that most of the CYPome gene families belonging to the Graminicola s.c. experienced gene contractions. The reductive evolution resulted in species restricted CYPs are predominant in each CYPome of members from the Graminicola s.c., whereas only 18 families are absolutely conserved among these species. However, members of CYP families displayed a notably different phylogenetic relationship at the tertiary structure level, suggesting a putative convergent evolution scenario. Most of the CYP enzymes of the Graminicola s.c. share redundant functions in secondary metabolite biosynthesis and xenobiotic metabolism. Hence, this current work suggests that the presence of a broad CYPome in the genus Colletotrichum plays a critical role in the optimization of the colonization capability and virulence.

Human-induced force analysis plays an important role across a wide range of disciplines, including biomechanics, sport engineering, health monitoring or structural engineering. Specifically, this paper focuses on the replication of ground reaction forces (GRF) generated by humans during movement. They can provide critical information about human-mechanics and be used to optimize athletic performance, prevent and rehabilitate injuries and assess structural vibrations in engineering applications. It is presented an experimental approach that uses an electrodynamic shaker (APS 400) to replicate GRFs generated by humans during movement, with a high degree of accuracy. Successful force reconstruction implies a high fidelity in signal reproduction with the electrodynamic shaker, which leads to an inverse problem, where a reference signal must be replicated with a nonlinear and non-invertible system. The solution presented in this paper relies on the development of an iterative neural network and an inversion-free approach, which aims to generate the most effective drive signal that minimizes the error between the experimental force signal exerted by the shaker and the reference. After the optimization process, the weights of the neural network are updated to make the shaker behave as desired, achieving excellent results in both time and frequency domains.

This study addresses the need for sustainable and energy-efficient agricultural practices by integrating turbine systems into greenhouse irrigation setups that utilize water from storage basins or ponds. The purpose is to harness excess pressure to generate electricity, enhancing overall system efficiency. This study involves designing a scalable turbine system that adapts to different greenhouse sizes and water pressure conditions. Key methods include a novel 3D design and implementation of a turbine outlet, using CAD modeling and high-precision 3D printing, and the experimental characterization of the system’s power–pressure relationship and pressure losses. Results demonstrate that a single Banki-type turbine generates nearly 12 W at a maximum pressure of 1.4 bar, 0.98 m3/h of flow, pressure 92% loss performance, and 32% efficiency. Scalability tests in the study case reveal that up to eight turbines can be installed in series without dropping below the critical pressure threshold, that is, above 0.6–0.7 bar, the minimum pressure expected for adequate irrigation, and the turbines collectively produce around 60 W, considering the pressure losses with respect to production. These findings confirm the system’s potential to enhance sustainability and energy efficiency in greenhouse operations. This study lays a foundation for future research to optimize 3D-printed components, integrate renewable energy sources, and conduct long-term performance studies, aiming to further improve the system’s applicability and performance in agricultural settings.

Coupling between a single quantum emitter and an optical cavity presents a key capability for future quantum networking applications. Here, we explore interactions between individual germanium-vacancy (GeV) defects in diamond and an open microcavity at cryogenic temperatures. Exploiting the tunability of our microcavity system to characterize and select emitters, we observe a Purcell-effect-induced lifetime reduction of up to 4.5±0.3 and extract coherent-coupling rates up to 360±20 MHz. Our results indicate that the GeV defect has favorable optical properties for cavity coupling, with a quantum efficiency of at least 0.34±0.05 and likely much higher.

Abstract Background Luminal A tumours generally have a favourable prognosis but possess the highest 10‐year recurrence risk among breast cancers. Additionally, a quarter of the recurrence cases occur within 5 years post‐diagnosis. Identifying such patients is crucial as long‐term relapsers could benefit from extended hormone therapy, while early relapsers might require more aggressive treatment. Methods We conducted a study to explore non‐structural chromosome maintenance condensin I complex subunit H’s (NCAPH) role in luminal A breast cancer pathogenesis, both in vitro and in vivo, aiming to identify an intratumoural gene expression signature, with a focus on elevated NCAPH levels, as a potential marker for unfavourable progression. Our analysis included transgenic mouse models overexpressing NCAPH and a genetically diverse mouse cohort generated by backcrossing. A least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) multivariate regression analysis was performed on transcripts associated with elevated intratumoural NCAPH levels. Results We found that NCAPH contributes to adverse luminal A breast cancer progression. The intratumoural gene expression signature associated with elevated NCAPH levels emerged as a potential risk identifier. Transgenic mice overexpressing NCAPH developed breast tumours with extended latency, and in Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus (MMTV)‐NCAPHErbB2 double‐transgenic mice, luminal tumours showed increased aggressiveness. High intratumoural Ncaph levels correlated with worse breast cancer outcome and subpar chemotherapy response. A 10‐gene risk score, termed Gene Signature for Luminal A 10 (GSLA10), was derived from the LASSO analysis, correlating with adverse luminal A breast cancer progression. Conclusions The GSLA10 signature outperformed the Oncotype DX signature in discerning tumours with unfavourable outcomes, previously categorised as luminal A by Prediction Analysis of Microarray 50 (PAM50) across three independent human cohorts. This new signature holds promise for identifying luminal A tumour patients with adverse prognosis, aiding in the development of personalised treatment strategies to significantly improve patient outcomes.

Microbial genetic resources, as part of world's biodiversity, are the backbone of all ecosystems. Their application in agri-food and industrial production has proven to be vital for the advancement of humankind. Today, amidst challenges stemming from population growth, climate change, shrinking arable land and increasing pollution, high-impact research on microbial genetic resources with the potential to strengthen the resilience of world agricultural production and safeguard human food security have been developed. Specifically, research on microbial genetic resources has focused on enhancing plant growth and health, improving soil quality and pollutant degradation, among other functions. Thus, this special issue will seek to bring together the advances and current state-of-the-art science in the search for, characterization, identification, evaluation, transfer and innovation of microbial genetic resources as key elements in migrating towards sustainable agriculture.

En los últimos años el mundo se vio afectado por la pandemia por COVID 19, la cual obligó a cambiar la forma en la que operó la economía durante la contingencia, y con ello la dinámica de trabajo. La presente investigación se traza como objetivo determinar los efectos del miedo al Covid 19 en el retorno al trabajo en el sector educativo de Tamaulipa, México. Se recolectó una muestra de 200 trabajadores del sector educativo de los municipios Altamira, el Mante, Madero, Reynosa, Tampico, Valle Hermoso y Victoria. Los resultados mostraron que existe una relación negativa entre el miedo por COVID 19 y el retorno laboral. Se concluye que el miedo fue el principal factor que generaba aversión al retorno al trabajo en el sector educativo de Tamaulipas, acompañado de las secuelas físicas de la enfermedad y problemas mayores como trastornos psicológicos. Esto afectó de manera negativa el retorno a los espacios laborales.

El objetivo del estudio fue investigar la innovación y su influencia en el rendimiento empresarial mediante análisis bibliométrico de la producción científica desde el año 2000 al año 2022. Se procedió a revisar publicaciones científicas especializadas en la base de datos Web of Science. Se identificaron un total de 1996 documentos, de las cuales se seleccionó una muestra base de 548 para el desarrollo del análisis bibliométrico. Se analizó la contribución científica internacional. Se examinó la producción anual científica, las revistas con más publicaciones, la producción por país, los documentos más citados, las palabras más relevantes, la red de palabras claves utilizadas por los autores, la red de colaboración por países, entre otras variables. Los resultados destacaron que la producción científica más significativa fue entre 2018 y 2021, con 344 registros. La mayor producción la tuvieron China con 591 y los Estados Unidos con 460 productos. El autor más citado es Teece, D.J. con 4,794 citas, seguido de Jiménez-Jiménez, D. con 650, y Matsuno, K. con 498. Se concluyó que la innovación impacta el rendimiento empresarial con una tendencia ascendente porque fortalece el desarrollo de las organizaciones.

Candida auris is an emerging multidrug-resistant and opportunistic pathogenic yeast. Whole-genome sequencing analysis has defined five major clades, each from a distinct geographic region. The current study aimed to examine the genome of the C. auris 20–1498 strain, which is the first isolate of this fungus identified in Mexico. Based on whole-genome sequencing, the draft genome was found to contain 70 contigs. It had a total genome size of 12.86 Mbp, an N50 value of 1.6 Mbp, and an average guanine-cytosine (GC) content of 45.5%. Genome annotation revealed a total of 5432 genes encoding 5515 proteins. According to the genomic analysis, the C. auris 20–1498 strain belongs to clade IV (containing strains endemic to South America). Of the two genes (ERG11 and FKS1) associated with drug resistance in C. auris, a mutation was detected in K143R, a gene located in a mutation hotspot of ERG11 (lanosterol 14-α-demethylase), an antifungal drug target. The focus on whole-genome sequencing and the identification of mutations linked to the drug resistance of fungi could lead to the discovery of new therapeutic targets and new antifungal compounds.

Exploring the realm of extreme weather events is indispensable for various engineering disciplines and plays a pivotal role in understanding climate change phenomena. In this study, we examine the ability of 10 probability distribution functions—including exponential, normal, two- and three-parameter log-normal, gamma, Gumbel, log-Gumbel, Pearson type III, log-Pearson type III, and SQRT-ET max distributions—to assess annual maximum 24 h rainfall series obtained over a long period (1972–2022) from three nearby meteorological stations. Goodness-of-fit analyses including Kolmogorov–Smirnov and chi-square tests reveal the inadequacy of exponential and normal distributions in capturing the complexity of the data sets. Subsequent frequency analysis and multi-criteria assessment enable us to discern optimal functions for various scenarios, including hydraulic engineering and sediment yield estimation. Notably, the log-Gumbel and three-parameter log-normal distributions exhibit superior performance for high return periods, while the Gumbel and three-parameter log-normal distributions excel for lower return periods. However, caution is advised regarding the overuse of log-Gumbel, due to its high sensitivity. Moreover, as our study considers the application of mathematical and statistical methods for the detection of extreme events, it also provides insights into climate change indicators, highlighting trends in the probability distribution of annual maximum 24 h rainfall. As a novelty in the field of functional analysis, the log-Gumbel distribution with a finite sample size is utilised for the assessment of extreme events, for which no previous work seems to have been conducted. These findings offer critical perspectives on extreme rainfall modelling and the impacts of climate change, enabling informed decision making for sustainable development and resilience.

This was a retrospective study that included 114 women younger than 40 years with induced primary ovarian insufficiency. Patients who presented vasomotor symptoms had a higher proportion (26 [63.41%] versus 58 [79.45%], OR 2.23, 95% CI 0.95–5.23, p = .065) to initiate hormone replacement therapy. Vasomotor symptoms were present in patients with ovarian cancer (OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.09–0.8, p = .18), haematologic cancer (OR 0.11, 95% CI 0.2–0.65, p = .014), radiotherapy (OR 2.62, 95% CI 1.04–6.54, p = .039) and chemotherapy with radiotherapy (OR 2.72, 95% CI 1.01–7.35, p = .049). Having ovarian or haematological cancer, being managed with radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy, and having follicle-stimulating hormone parameters higher than 35 mUI/mL are factors that significantly increase the risk of presenting vasomotor symptoms.Impact Statement What is already known on this subject? In young women with cancer, induced primary ovarian insufficiency can result as an ovarian surgery or as an adverse effect of chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Regardless of aetiology, patients are going to manifest early climacteric symptoms with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome and osteoporosis. What do the results of this study add? Patients who presented vasomotor symptoms had initially a higher proportion of hormone replacement therapy. Patients that were treated exclusively with radiotherapy or with chemotherapy and concomitant radiotherapy have a significantly increased risk to manifest vasomotor symptoms. What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or future research? Having ovarian or haematological cancer, being managed with radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy and having follicle-stimulating hormone parameters higher than 35 mUI/mL are factors that significantly increase the risk of presenting vasomotor symptoms.

The Military Macaw (Ara militaris) is not considered within the avifauna of Morelos due to a lack of solid evidence confirming the presence of the species in the state. We conducted systematic surveys from elevated viewpoints in the tropical dry forest of the Sierra de Huautla Biosphere Reserve from August to December 2017 and 2020-2022 to confirm the presence of the Military Macaw in the reserve. We obtained 36 records of the Military Macaw, with photographic evidence, and observed a mean of 10.0 ± 11.2 macaws per record, registering flocks of 32-39 individuals on three occasions. We identified sites within the reserve that Military Macaws recurrently used for resting, foraging, and roosting. We also observed macaws foraging in three tree species, with another six plant species reported in the diet by local people. We could not confirm nesting by macaws in the reserve as observations were conducted outside the breeding season. Some sightings occurred outside the biosphere reserve, in an area of the Mixteca Baja Poblana (Puebla) proposed as a new protected area. Our findings provide the first systematic and photographic evidence of the presence of the Military Macaw in Morelos state, confirm the relevance and effectivity of the Sierra de Huautla Biosphere Reserve for regional conservation of the species and the tropical dry forest, and provide additional support for the proposal to create a new protected area and conservation corridor in the Balsas Basin that could benefit the conservation of this endangered bird species.

ABSTRACT There is an urgent need to develop new antifungals due to the increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant fungal infections and the recent emergence of COVID-19-associated candidiasis. A good study model for evaluating new antifungal compounds is Candida glabrata, an opportunistic fungal pathogen with intrinsic resistance to azoles (the most common clinical drugs for treating fungal infections). The aim of the current contribution was to conduct in vitro tests of antifungal metabolites produced by the bacteria Streptomyces albidoflavus Q, identify their molecular structures, and utilize several techniques to provide evidence of their therapeutic target. S. albidoflavus was isolated from maize rhizospheric soil in Mexico and identified by phylogenomic analysis using a 92-gene core. Of the 66 metabolites identified in S. albidoflavus Q by a liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) metabolomic analysis of the lyophilized supernatant, six were selected by the Way2drug server based on their in silico binding to the likely target, 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR, the key enzyme in the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway). Molecular modeling studies show a relatively high binding affinity for the CgHMGR enzyme by two secondary metabolites: isogingerenone B (diaryl heptanoid) and notoginsenoside J (polycyclic triterpene). These secondary metabolites were able to inhibit ergosterol synthesis and affect yeast viability in vitro. They also caused alterations in the ultrastructure of the yeast cytoplasmic membrane, as evidenced by transmission electron microscopy. The putative target of isogingerenone B and notoginsenoside J is distinct from that of azole drugs (the most common clinical antifungals). The target for the latter is the lanosterol 14 alpha-demethylase enzyme (Erg11). IMPORTANCE Multidrug resistance has emerged among yeasts of the genus Candida, posing a severe threat to global health. The problem has been exacerbated by the pandemic associated with COVID-19, during which resistant strains of Candida auris and Candida glabrata have been isolated from patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. To confront this challenge, the World Health Organization has invoked scientists to search for new antifungals with alternative molecular targets. This study identified 66 metabolites produced by the bacteria Streptomyces albidoflavus Q, 6 of which had promising properties for potential antifungal activity. The metabolites were tested in vitro as inhibitors of ergosterol synthesis and C. glabrata growth, with positive results. They were also found to damage the cytoplasmic membrane of the fungus. The corresponding molecular structures and their probable therapeutic target were established. The target is apparently distinct from that of azole drugs.

The bacterial component of plant holobiont maintains valuable interactions that contribute to plants’ growth, adaptation, stress tolerance, and antagonism to some phytopathogens. Teosinte is the grass plant recognized as the progenitor of modern maize, domesticated by pre-Hispanic civilizations around 9,000 years ago. Three teosinte species are recognized: Zea diploperennis, Zea perennis, and Zea mays. In this work, the bacterial diversity of three species of Mexican teosinte seeds was explored by massive sequencing of 16S rRNA amplicons. Streptomyces, Acinetobacter, Olivibacter, Erwinia, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Cellvibrio, Achromobacter, Devosia, Lysobacter, Sphingopyxis, Stenotrophomonas, Ochrobactrum, Delftia, Lactobacillus, among others, were the bacterial genera mainly represented. The bacterial alpha diversity in the seeds of Z. diploperennis was the highest, while the alpha diversity in Z. mays subsp. mexicana race was the lowest observed among the species and races. The Mexican teosintes analyzed had a core bacteriome of 38 bacterial genera, including several recognized plant growth promoters or fungal biocontrol agents such as Agrobacterium, Burkholderia, Erwinia, Lactobacillus, Ochrobactrum, Paenibacillus, Pseudomonas, Sphingomonas, Streptomyces, among other. Metabolic inference analysis by PICRUSt2 of bacterial genera showed several pathways related to plant growth promotion (PGP), biological control, and environmental adaptation. The implications of these findings are far-reaching, as they highlight the existence of an exceptional bacterial germplasm reservoir teeming with potential plant growth promotion bacteria (PGPB). This reserve holds the key to cultivating innovative bioinoculants and formidable fungal antagonistic strains, thereby paving the way for a more sustainable and eco-friendly approach to agriculture. Embracing these novel NGS-based techniques and understanding the profound impact of the vertical transference of microorganisms from seeds could revolutionize the future of agriculture and develop a new era of symbiotic harmony between plants and microbes.

El presente trabajo tiene como propósito presentar una visión pedagógica de la controversia que sobre el territorio Esequibo mantienen Venezuela y Guyana. Se bosquejan, en líneas generales, los antecedentes históricos de la reclamación venezolana, así como las condiciones geográficas del territorio en reclamación. Seguidamente, se proponen algunos temas como base para un acercamiento con los sectores educativos guyaneses, por medio de convenios que faciliten el intercambio de experiencias pedagógicas y la planificación de proyectos conjuntos, relacionados con el manejo de los recursos naturales. Estos proyectos se considerarían desde la óptica del desarrollo sustentable, marco que resultaría beneficioso para ambos países. Se exponen algunos elementos conceptuales referidos a la educación ambiental, concebida como un enfoque transversal, aplicable en el sistema educativo venezolano para abordar la enseñanza de las condiciones físicas y humanas del territorio Esequibo. Se concluye con un llamado a la conservación de la territorialidad venezolana y una amplia bibliografía.

This study presents a detailed comparative analysis of different methods for evaluating seismic response in structures, focusing on maximum displacements and collapse assessment. The results obtained through modal spectral analysis, non-linear dynamic analysis, and the incremental pushover analysis applied to a specific structure are compared. It has been found that the choice of time step and the consideration of ductility are critical for obtaining accurate predictions. The results of the non-linear dynamic analysis of the building’s response indicate that an earthquake equivalent to the one that affected the city of Lorca (southeast Iberian Peninsula) in 2011 would have a devastating impact on the studied structure, highlighting the importance of the finite element method modelling in predicting the formation of plastic hinges and assessing structural safety. These findings highlight the importance of utilising multiple analysis approaches and detailed modelling to fully understand the seismic behaviour of structures and ensure adequate resistance and stability to extreme events.

This study addresses the sustainable revitalization of the Canal de Castilla through a community-focused approach and an assessment via fuzzy logic of the implementation of hydroelectric turbines. The canal, built in the 18th century, played a key role in transportation and territorial unification, but the deterioration of the locks has limited its functionality. This research use surveys as tools to assess the impact of the Canal de Castilla in different areas. With more than 85% of the inhabitants analyzed supporting measures in the areas of building and research at a high or very high level, and specifically proposing sustainable improvements that respect historical heritage, the installation of axial turbines in the cross channels is proposed as an efficient solution, highlighting their adaptability and low environmental impact. The careful selection of turbines, considering the historic nature of the canal, is supported with a detailed analysis using fuzzy logic. The innovation lies in the synergistic integration of community perceptions and technical analysis, providing a balanced foundation for decision making in heritage revitalization projects. This proactive approach seeks not only to identify challenges but also to formulate solutions, committing to sustainable development and active community participation.

Authors propose a beneficial methodology for hydrological planning in their study. Prospective evaluations of the basins’ net capacity can be done using the technique presented. The HEC-HMS (Hydrologic Modelling System) software can be used to estimate in a basin, the sediment emitted. For a certain precipitation, this methodology allows estimating, within a certain range, the gradual blockage of a reservoir, and even a projected date for total blockage. This has some applications to adopt corrective measures that prevent or delay the planned blockage deadlines. The model is of the semi-distributed type, estimating the generation and emission of sediments by sub-basins. The integration of different return periods in HEC-HMS with a semi-distributed model by sub-basins and the application of a mathematical model are the differentiating element of this research. The novelty of this work is to allow prognosing the reservoir sedimentation rate of basins in a local and regional scale with a medium and large temporary framework. The developed methodology allows public institutions to take decisions concerning hydrological planning. It has been applied to the case of “Charco Redondo” reservoir, in Cádiz, Andalusia, in southern Spain. Applying the methodology to this case, an average soil degradation of the reservoir basin has been estimated. Therefore, it is verified that in 50 years the reservoir is expected to lose 8.4% of its capacity.

Peritoneal infections still represent a most feared complication of chronic Peritoneal Dialysis, due to their high incidence and relevant clinical consequences, including direct mortality, technique failure and a significant burden for the health system. The practices for prevention and treatment of this complication show a remarkable heterogeneity emerging, among other factors, from the complexity of the problem and from a paucity of quality evidence which could permit to respond clearly to many of the raised questions. The purpose of this document is to provide a complete and updated review of the main methods of diagnosis, prevention and treatment of these infections. The document has been elaborated taking as a reference the most recent guidelines of the International Society of Peritoneal Dialysis (2016). The diagnostic considerations are presented in a narrative style while, for prevention and therapy, we have used a systematic methodology (GRADE), which specifies the level of evidence and the strength of the proposed suggestions and recommendations and facilitates future updates of the document. The length of the document and the many suggestions and recommendations coming out of the review underline the large number and the complexity of the factors to be taken into consideration for an adequate approach to this complication of Peritoneal Dialysis. Resumen: Las infecciones peritoneales siguen constituyendo una complicación muy relevante de la diálisis peritoneal, por su incidencia todavía elevada y por sus importantes consecuencias clínicas, en términos de mortalidad, fracaso de la técnica y costes para el sistema sanitario. Las prácticas de prevención y tratamiento de esta complicación muestran una notable heterogeneidad derivada, entre otros factores, de la complejidad del problema y de la escasez de evidencia clínica que permitan responder de manera clara a muchas de las dudas planteadas. El propósito de este documento es proporcionar una revisión completa y actualizada de los métodos de diagnóstico, prevención y tratamiento de estas infecciones. El documento se ha elaborado tomando como referencia de partida la guía más reciente de la Sociedad Internacional de Diálisis Peritoneal (2016). Mientras que para el capítulo diagnóstico se ha adoptado una estructura más narrativa, el análisis de las medidas de prevención y tratamiento ha seguido una metodología sistemática (GRADE), que especifica el nivel de evidencia y la fuerza de las sugerencias y recomendaciones propuestas, y facilita actualizaciones futuras de la guía. La gran extensión y numerosas recomendaciones o sugerencias emanadas de la revisión ponen de manifiesto la complejidad y gran número de facetas a tener en cuenta para un adecuado abordaje de esta importante complicación de la diálisis peritoneal.

El presente estudio examina el concepto de Estado de Derecho desde las perspectivas paradójicas del constitucionalismo tradicional y moderno. Nuestra hipótesis es que el constitucionalismo, en cualquiera de sus formas, muestra variaciones ambivalentes ante el poder. Por un lado, desconfía de su ejercicio por los latentes excesos de los que ha sido objeto, por otro, para lograr el control, requiere conformar un poder por encima de los demás, aunque esto implique el riesgo de exceso. En las siguientes líneas se demostrará a través de los métodos analítico e histórico la aserción expuesta y la manera en que se puede salir de la aporía mencionada ante el activismo judicial que actualmente predomina en los sistemas constitucionales.

En el siguiente trabajo se brindan los estimados de la abundancia de especies de esponjas comerciales presentes en áreas correspondientes a las plataformas sur-occidental (Golfo de Batabanó) y nor-central (Archipiélago Sabana- Camagüey) de Cuba. Todas las áreas se evaluaron mediante transectos aleatorios estratificados de 200m 2 para cuantificar el número de individuos. En cada una de las áreas analizadas, tanto para la región del Golfo de Batabanó como para la región nor-central, se encontraron tres especies de esponjas comerciales, siendo la más abundante Spongia obscura, seguida por Spongia barbara y en menor medida, por Hippospongia lachne. Entre las áreas muestreadas en la región nor-central, la denominada Zona del Cabezo, conjuntamente con Cayo Gallina, mostraron la mayor abundancia de esponjas comerciales con una densidad de 21.25 ind 200m-2 y 17.25 ind 200m-2 respectivamente. En la región del Golfo de Batabanó, por su parte, no se evidenciaron diferencias significativas entre las cuatro áreas estudiadas.

Background: Climate change generated by the emission of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide CO2 among others. The study focused on identifying the determining factors that have an impact on these emissions. Methodology: The applied methodology based on the qualitative and quantitative criteria used by documentary research based on secondary sources of information related to the Kaya factors, the performance of coal in Colombia and the results of these emissions at a global and national level, which indicate an increase in CO2. Results: Colombia, in the 2012-2021 period, increased total CO2 emissions into the atmosphere by 10%, as well as the behavior of its per capita emissions increased in the last decade, although, during the same period, Colombia presents a slight reduction in terms of CO2 emissions per US$1,000 of GDP. Conclusion: it can be affirmed that the productive sector must evaluate its ability to balance social, economic, and environmental aspects, that is, its sustainability, through environmental management plans, in addition to its productive capacity.

Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) are a source of nutrient supply, stimulate plant growth, and even act in the biocontrol of phytopathogens. However, these phenotypic traits have rarely been explored in culturable bacteria from native maize landraces. In this study, synthetic microbial communities (SynCom) were assembled with a set of PGPB isolated from the Jala maize landrace, some of them with additional abilities for the biocontrol of phytopathogenic fungi and the stimulation of plant-induced systemic resistance (ISR). Three SynCom were designed considering the phenotypic traits of bacterial strains, including Achromobacter xylosoxidans Z2K8, Burkholderia sp. Z1AL11, Klebsiella variicola R3J3HD7, Kosakonia pseudosacchari Z2WD1, Pantoea ananatis E2HD8, Pantoea sp. E2AD2, Phytobacter diazotrophicus Z2WL1, Pseudomonas protegens E1BL2, and P. protegens E2HL9. Plant growth promotion in gnotobiotic and greenhouse seedlings assays was performed with Conejo landrace; meanwhile, open field tests were carried out on hybrid CPL9105W maize. In all experimental models, a significant promotion of plant growth was observed. In gnotobiotic assays, the roots and shoot length of the maize seedlings increased 4.2 and 3.0 times, respectively, compared to the untreated control. Similarly, the sizes and weights of the roots and shoots of the plants increased significantly in the greenhouse assays. In the open field assay performed with hybrid CPL9105W maize, the yield increased from 11 tons/ha for the control to 16 tons/ha inoculated with SynCom 3. In addition, the incidence of rust fungal infections decreased significantly from 12.5% in the control to 8% in the treatment with SynCom 3. All SynCom designs promoted the growth of maize in all assays. However, SynCom 3 formulated with A. xylosoxidans Z2K8, Burkholderia sp. Z1AL11, K. variicola R3J3HD7, P. ananatis E2HD8, P. diazotrophicus Z2WL1, and P. protegens E1BL2 displayed the best results for promoting plant growth, their yield, and the inhibition of fungal rust. This study demonstrated the biotechnological eco-friendly plant growth-promoting potential of SynCom assemblies with culturable bacteria from native maize landraces for more sustainable and economic agriculture.

Resumen: Las infecciones peritoneales siguen constituyendo una complicación muy relevante de la diálisis peritoneal, por su incidencia todavía elevada y por sus importantes consecuencias clínicas, en términos de mortalidad, fracaso de la técnica y costes para el sistema sanitario. Las prácticas de prevención y tratamiento de esta complicación muestran una notable heterogeneidad derivada, entre otros factores, de la complejidad del problema y de la escasez de evidencia clínica que permitan responder de manera clara a muchas de las dudas planteadas. El propósito de este documento es proporcionar una revisión completa y actualizada de los métodos de diagnóstico, prevención y tratamiento de estas infecciones. El documento se ha elaborado tomando como referencia de partida la guía más reciente de la Sociedad Internacional de Diálisis Peritoneal (2016). Mientras que para el capítulo diagnóstico se ha adoptado una estructura más narrativa, el análisis de las medidas de prevención y tratamiento ha seguido una metodología sistemática (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation [GRADE]), que especifica el nivel de evidencia y la fuerza de las sugerencias y recomendaciones propuestas, y facilita actualizaciones futuras de la guía. La gran extensión y numerosas recomendaciones o sugerencias emanadas de la revisión ponen de manifiesto la complejidad y gran número de facetas a tener en cuenta para un adecuado abordaje de esta importante complicación de la diálisis peritoneal. Abstract: Peritoneal infections still represent a most feared complication of chronic peritoneal dialysis, due to their high incidence and relevant clinical consequences, including direct mortality, technique failure and a significant burden for the health system. The practices for prevention and treatment of this complication show a remarkable heterogeneity emerging, among other factors, from the complexity of the problem and from a paucity of quality evidence which could permit to respond clearly to many of the raised questions. The purpose of this document is to provide a complete and updated review of the main methods of diagnosis, prevention and treatment of these infections. The document has been elaborated taking as a reference the most recent guidelines of the International Society of Peritoneal Dialysis (2016). The diagnostic considerations are presented in a narrative style while, for prevention and therapy, we have used a systematic methodology (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation [GRADE]), which specifies the level of evidence and the strength of the proposed suggestions and recommendations and facilitates future updates of the document. The length of the document and the many suggestions and recommendations coming out of the review underline the large number and the complexity of the factors to be taken into consideration for an adequate approach to this complication of peritoneal dialysis.

The increasing number of infections caused by antimicrobial multi-resistant microorganisms has led to the search for new microorganisms capable of producing novel antibiotics. This work proposes Streptomyces pakalii sp. nov. as a new member of the Streptomycetaceae family. The strain ENCB-J15 was isolated from the jungle soil in Palenque National Park, Chiapas, Mexico. The strain formed pale brown, dry, tough, and buried colonies in the agar with no diffusible pigment in GAE (glucose–asparagine–yeast extract) medium. Scanning electron micrographs showed typical mycelium with long chains of smooth and oval-shaped spores (3–10 m). The strain grew in all of the International Streptomyces Project (ISP)’s media at 28–37 °C with a pH of 6–9 and 0–10% NaCl. S. pakalii ENCB-J15 assimilated diverse carbon as well as organic and inorganic nitrogen sources. The strain also exhibited significant inhibitory activity against the prodigiosin synthesis of Serratia marcescens and the inhibition of the formation and destruction of biofilms of ESKAPE strains of Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The draft genome sequencing of ENCB-J15 revealed a 7.6 Mb genome with a high G + C content (71.6%), 6833 total genes, and 6746 genes encoding putative proteins. A total of 26 accessory clusters of proteins associated with carbon sources and amino acid catabolism, DNA modification, and the antibiotic biosynthetic process were annotated. The 16S rRNA gene phylogeny, core-proteome phylogenomic tree, and virtual genome fingerprints support that S. pakalii ENCB-J15 is a new species related to Streptomyces badius and Streptomyces globisporus. Similarly, its average nucleotide identity (ANI) (96.4%), average amino acid identity (AAI) (96.06%), and virtual DNA–DNA hybridization (67.3%) provide evidence to recognize it as a new species. Comparative genomics revealed that S. pakalli and its closest related species maintain a well-conserved genomic synteny. This work proposes Streptomyces pakalii sp. nov. as a novel species that expresses anti-biofilm and anti-quorum sensing activities.

Asian soybean rust, caused by the pathogen Phakopsora pachyrhizi, is the main soybean disease in Mexico and worldwide, threatening its production. Knowledge about the virulence of Mexican rust populations (MRPs) is crucial to develop or introduce soybean cultivars with resistance to this disease. This study investigated the geographic variation in the virulence of 19 MRPs collected in two states of Mexico (Tamaulipas and Chiapas) using a set of 12 differential soybean varieties. The inoculation of MRPs showed that there was no large difference in virulence to differentials carrying Rpp4 or Rpp5 between MRPs from the two states. However, a contrasting phenotype was observed on Rpp1, Rpp1-b, Rpp2, and Rpp3. In the comparative analysis of virulence profiles with 157 and 20 P. pachyrhizi samples from South America and Asia, respectively, the MRPs from Chiapas form an isolated cluster, including the Tamaulipas state. The MRPs from Tamaulipas clustered with South American samples because of common characteristics, such as virulence to Rpp1 and avirulence to Rpp1-b. However, opposite reactions on Rpp1 and Rpp1-b that have been reported in major U.S. pathogens were also observed in Chiapas samples. A common trend between Chiapas and major U.S. pathogens was also observed in Rpp3. The main conclusion of the present study is that the 1,000-km distance between these two states in Mexico makes a big difference in the virulence of Asian soybean rust. [Figure: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.