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Few studies have explored the psychological consequences of terrorism on volunteer rescuers. We examined the psychological characteristics of volunteer rescuers after the January 2015 terrorist attacks in France. We analyzed the results of the IMPACTS study regarding the somatic, psychological, and social characteristics of the French Red Cross volunteer rescuers who intervened during these terrorist attacks. We used a standardized questionnaire during a face-to-face interview, 6 to 9 months after the attacks. Forty-one volunteers were included. Nine were presenting anxiety disorders, 11 were displaying recurrent depressive episodes, and five were displaying abusive alcohol consumption. Twenty-seven were provided with a debriefing after their intervention. Half of the most exposed volunteers had no contact with mental health professional 9 months after their intervention. A healthcare protocol, covering short-, medium-, and long-term care, should be systematically proposed to volunteer rescue workers to minimize the risk of chronic psychic posttraumatic disorders.

Objective To present a data model for clinical legal medicine and the software based on that data model for both practitioners and researchers. The main functionalities of the presented software are computer-assisted production of medical certificates and data capture, storage and retrieval. Methods The data model and the software were jointly developed by the department of forensic medicine of the Jean Verdier Hospital (Bondy, France) and an bioinformatics laboratory (LIMICS, Paris universities 6–13) between November 2015 and May 2016. The data model was built based on four sources: i) a template used in our department for producing standardised medical certificates; ii) a random sample of medical certificates produced by the forensic department; iii) anterior consensus between four healthcare professionals (two forensic practitioners, a psychologist and a forensic psychiatrist) and iv) anatomical dictionaries. The trial version of the open source software was first designed for examination of physical assault survivors. Results An UML-like data model dedicated to clinical legal practice was built. The data model describes the terminology for examinations of sexual assault survivors, physical assault survivors, individuals kept in police custody and undocumented migrants for age estimation. A trial version of a software relying on the data model was developed and tested by three physicians. Discussion The software allows files archiving, standardised data collection, extraction and assistance for certificate generation. It can be used for research purpose, by data exchange and analysis. Despite some current limitations of use, it is a tool which can be shared and used by other departments of forensic medicine and other specialties, improving data management and exploitation. Full integration with external sources, analytics software and use of a semantic interoperability framework are planned for the next months.

Resume Objectifs Identifier les caracteristiques des personnes ayant consulte pour violences sexuelles ou pour violences dans le couple sans avoir depose plainte et decrire le resultat des consultations. Methodes Etude observationnelle (1/03/2014–31/08/2015) aupres des personnes (> 15 ans) consultant dans le service de medecine legale de Bondy a la suite d’une agression sexuelle ou de violences dans le couple. Nous avons compare les personnes n’ayant pas depose plainte a celles ayant depose plainte. Resultats Au total, 109 personnes ont consulte sans avoir depose plainte : 73 personnes apres des violences conjugales non sexuelles (4 % des personnes recues avec ou sans depot de plainte), 36 apres des violences sexuelles (8 % des personnes recues). Concernant les violences autres que sexuelles, les personnes n’ayant pas depose plainte presentaient des lesions traumatiques recentes en moindre proportion que les personnes ayant depose plainte (64 % versus 78 %, p = 0,008). Concernant les violences sexuelles, les personnes n’ayant pas depose plainte presentaient en plus grande proportion une amnesie des faits (42 % versus 13 %, p Conclusion Les personnes examinees sans avoir depose plainte representaient moins d’une victime sur 20, ce qui confirme que l’ouverture elargie d’une consultation de medecine legale ne suffit pas a ce que la plupart des victimes de violences consultent un medecin legiste.

To compare the consequences of sexual assault based on the relationship of the woman to her named assailant.From January 2008 to March 2011, we conducted an observational and prospective study of females older than age 15 years who were examined at a sexual assault referral center. Data were collected and comparisons made between groups based on the victim's relationship to her named assailant: a current or former intimate partner (grouped as intimate partner), stranger, or acquaintance. Data were collected regarding the patients, assailants, and type of assault. At a 1-month follow-up examination, we evaluated clinical findings and reported reactions by the victim's friends, family, and acquaintances. We conducted descriptive analyses and searched for overall and pairwise differences among groups.There were 797 individuals seen during this time period. Thirty of the victims were male and were excluded from the study, leaving 767 females older than 15 years of age, 294 (38%) of whom attended the follow-up consultation. Simultaneous physical and sexual assaults were more frequent in intimate partner assaults than in assaults by unknown individuals or acquaintances: 55% (95% confidence interval [CI] 49-61) compared with 31% (95% CI 26-36) and 32% (95% CI 26-38; P.001). One month after the initial examination, psychological trauma was noted in 92% of the patients and was evenly distributed among the three groups. Reactions from family members were similar for victims assaulted by intimate partners and other victims.Sexual assault by an intimate partner is associated with higher rates of extragenital trauma and similar rates of psychologic trauma and disrupted other relationships as that associated with assaults by strangers or acquaintances. Sexual assaults by intimate partners should be viewed as serious as assault by other assailants by law enforcement, the judiciary, and the public.

Background The 15- to 35-year-old population has little contact with the health care system and is exposed to risk factors. Several studies demonstrated the feasibility of brief interventions (BIs) in different settings, e.g., in addiction medicine during police custody, where arrestees are entitled to a medical examination. Approximately 700,000 individuals are detained in police custody in France annually, and custody is an opportunity for young people to be medically examined. The characteristics of the detainees and previous experience with BIs suggest that custody is an opportunity to contribute to primary prevention. We propose to investigate the feasibility of such a contribution. Objectives The aim of this article is to present a study protocol and some preliminary results. The primary research objective is to assess the feasibility of performing brief interventions without a specific topic in police custody settings in arrestees aged 15–35 years. The secondary research objectives include i) testing four strategies for engaging in BIs that maximize the chances of success of the BI; ii) identifying the determinants that can orient the practitioner's choice to use a specific strategy over another one; and iii) analysing the differences between individuals who engage in BIs and those who do not and, in those who do engage, the determinants of success of the intervention. Methods A two-step randomized and prospective study: i) randomization of eligible patients into 4 groups of 500 patients each; analysis of the response rates for each strategy; performance of the BI; and analyses of the associated factors and ii) a real-life, full-scale phase study evaluating the effectiveness of BIs performance of the BI; and analyses of the interventions. Analyses of the determinants of a positive response to BI, of success and of the topic of intervention will be conducted. Expected results The rates of BI performed, rates of success, and characteristics associated with response and with success are the main expected results. Additionally, the development and assessment of filter questions and an improved BI dedicated to primary prevention for police custody settings will be attained.

International audience; ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to describe the health and social conditions of arrestees, as compared to the general population.MethodsWe studied a sample of 600 adult arrestees in three locations in the Greater Paris area, prospectively included (February–May 2013). A descriptive analysis has been performed, then prevalence was estimated using an indirect standardisation according to age, based on data from a population-based, representative survey in the same area.ResultsArrestees had a median age of 31 years; 92% were males. As compared to the general population, arrestees had a lower level of education (8.6 vs. 7.6%, p < 0.001), were more frequently unemployed (42.0 vs. 11.9%, p < 0.001) and in a difficult financial situation (43 vs. 11%, p < 0.001) and had less significant social support (48.1 vs. 87.9%, p < 0.001). They reported also more frequently a chronic health condition (54 vs. 36%, p < 0.001) and a limited health insurance coverage (36 vs. 15%, p < 0.001).ConclusionComparative analysis of male arrestees and males from the general population showed that the former had worse social and health conditions. These results argue for widespread medical interventions on all arrestees. Medical examination during detention could act as a gateway to health care and social support.

The annual number of detainees held in police custody in France is approximately 700,000. Medical data regarding arrestees are scarce across countries. We present the medical characteristics of detainees kept in police custody, including addictive behaviours and high-risk medical situations.We conducted a prospective study over 1 year in a suburban area near Paris.A total of 19,098 medical examinations were performed on 13,317 individuals. The examinations mainly concerned male subjects (18,116 of 19,098, 95 %). Median age was 24 years (range 13-83). Medical examination was requested by the detainee in 6,638 of 16,801 cases (40 %). Assaults were reported in 4,052 of 17,312 cases (23 %) and occurred at the time of arrest in most cases (2,243, 13 %). A total of 2,394 of 13,317 detainees (18 %) had at least one chronic somatic disorder including asthma (603, 5 %), diabetes (263, 2 %) and arterial hypertension (205, 2 %). A history of psychiatric disorder was reported by 6 % of individuals (674 of 11,787). Regular alcohol drinking was reported by 58 % of detainees. Illicit drug use mainly involved cannabis (4,021 cases, 30 %). In 14,661 of 19,098 cases (77 %), detainees were considered to be unconditionally fit for detention in custody, and 274 detainees (1 %) were declared unfit to be detained.The present study showed a high frequency of alcohol or substance use and reported assaults or traumatic lesions in arrestees. Attending physicians should pay particular attention to addictive behaviours and traumatic injuries in arrestees, both for immediate care and for prevention.

La Presse Medicale - In Press.Proof corrected by the author Available online since jeudi 4 juin 2015

Summary Objectives The number of detainees held in police custody in France increased up to 792,000 yearly in 2009. Medical examination is a right for every detainee. Our objective was to assess medical characteristics and addictive behaviours of arrestees. Methods In this study, we systematically evaluated arrestees detained in police custody in Seine-Saint-Denis, a suburban area near Paris over one year (June 1, 2010–May 31, 2011). Results A total of 22,379 medical examinations were performed. Males accounted for 94% of detainees. Median age was 23 (range: 13–78). In 2968 of 18,466 cases (16%), the detainee had at least one chronic somatic disease. Asthma, diabetes, and arterial hypertension were the most commonly encountered. A history of psychiatric disorder was reported in 819 of 16,697 cases (5%). Daily alcohol consumption was reported by 14% of detainees and 77% smoked tobacco. Drug use was reported by 40% of detainees, cannabis in most cases (38%), infrequently cocaine or crack (4%) or heroine (1%). Assaults were reported by 20% of detainees, at the time of arrest in most cases (11%). Perspectives The present study showed the high frequency of addictive behaviours and reported assaults or traumatic injuries in arrestees. Attending physicians should pay particular attention to addictive disorders and recent traumatic lesions in arrestees, both for immediate care and for prevention.

To test for differences in somatic, psychic and functioning outcomes associated with assaults across four groups of workers, of which three are structurally at high risk of occupational violence. To report and compare job characteristics, characteristics of the assault and medical findings in police officers and other workers at the time of a forensic examination performed shortly after they complained for being assaulted while working. A two-centre prospective study recruiting adult survivors of workplace violence who lodged a complaint to the judicial authorities and were examined by forensic physicians in the Paris area, between 2010 and 2012 over a 27-month period, was conducted. Victims were administered a dedicated questionnaire and filled in the peritraumatic dissociative experiences questionnaire. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed on collected data to account for potential biases. Compared to employees of public transports services, private security guards and other workers, police officers were less likely to report psychic disturbances and peritraumatic dissociative experiences, despite adverse factors such as a worse external working climate or more frequent exposure to workplace assaults. No differences were observed in terms of somatic symptoms or functional impairment across groups. Although structurally more exposed to adverse factors than other workers, police officers appeared to be more protected from negative outcomes. The reasons for this resilience should be more precisely investigated.

This review surveys the different binding motifs and properties of hemicaged and caged complexes bearing tripodal units with a benzene platform. Complexes of inorganic cations and anions are the objects of this review. The 1:1 stoichiometry frequently observed for hemicage host–guest complexes constitutes a general paradigm for binding, one to which is not always adhered. Insight into the impact of preorganization, host selectivity and functionality will become apparent.

to identify characteristics of victims of sexual assault or domestic violence who consulted in a Department of Forensic Medicine without a formal complaint to the police.observational study (03/01/2014-08/31/2015) of individuals (age15years) consulting in a Department of Forensic Medicine near Paris, France, after a sexual assault or domestic violence. Among the individuals who were examined in the department of Forensic Medicine, we compared the individuals who had not complained to the police to those who had complained to the police.A hundred and nine individuals have consulted without a prior complaint to the police, including 73 persons after domestic violence (i.e. 4% of all persons examined with or without a complaint to the police) and 36 persons after a sexual assault (i.e. 8% of all persons examined). Regarding domestic violence, the proportion of persons presenting recent traumatic injuries was lower among those who did not complain to the police than among those who did (64% vs. 78%, P=0.008). Regarding sexual violence, the persons who did not complain to the police were more frequently uncertain about the assault (42% vs. 13%, P0.001), reported more frequently a recent alcohol or drug intake (42% vs. 26%, P=0.039) and less frequently showed extragenital traumatic injuries than the persons who did complain to the police (22% vs. 43%, P=0.016).the persons examined who had not complained to the police accounted for less than one in 20. The extension of the activity of a Department of Forensic Medicine to persons who do not want to be involved in a judicial process is not sufficient for the majority of victims to consult a forensic physician.

The role of health professionals is pivotal in providing support to victims of sexual assault. Our aim was to identify patient expectations of doctors after a sexual assault and to assess how they rated the doctors' responses.We conducted a prospective observational study (May 2010-December 2012) involving victims of sexual assault (age10 years) in a Department of Forensic Medicine near Paris, France. The patients included were those who had first sought care from a doctor prior to arriving at the Department of Forensic Medicine. Victims were asked by questionnaire and interviewed by the forensic physician about medical consultations before arriving at the Department, their expectations about those consultations and their feelings about the quality of support provided. Each patient's feelings were rated on a five-point scale.Among 1112 victims reporting sexual assault, 232 previously had a consultation, and were included in the study. Patients expected trauma care in 44% of cases, and received it in 40% (p=0.42), psychological support in 31% of cases, and received it in 21% (p=0.02), gynaecological care in 28%, and received it in 31% (p=0.52) and forensic support in 21%, and received it in 54% (p0.001). The patients more frequently considered the provided support to be crucial when they received both forensic support and trauma care, psychological support or gynaecological care than when they only received trauma care, psychological support or gynaecological care (25% vs 3%, p=0.001).Physicians who are the first medical provider to see a patient after a sexual assault often fail to meet patients' expectations, particularly with regard to psychological support. Care received was perceived as best when physicians provided both forensic support and trauma care, psychological support or gynaecological care.

Convenient approaches for the synthesis of DOTHA2 and NOTHA2, two cyclic bifunctional chelates (BFCs) bearing hydroxamate arms, have been developed. These novel BFCs coordinate (64)Cu with fast kinetics at room temperature in a wide range of concentrations and pH. The corresponding radiochemical complexes showed high stability, low residual activity in various tissues, and fast clearance in normal mice. The ability to conjugate DOTHA2 to both a small peptide and a large protein is also reported.

The number of detainees held in police custody in France increased up to 792,000 yearly in 2009. Medical examination is a right for every detainee. Our objective was to assess medical characteristics and addictive behaviours of arrestees.In this study, we systematically evaluated arrestees detained in police custody in Seine-Saint-Denis, a suburban area near Paris over one year (June 1, 2010-May 31, 2011).A total of 22,379 medical examinations were performed. Males accounted for 94% of detainees. Median age was 23 (range: 13-78). In 2968 of 18,466 cases (16%), the detainee had at least one chronic somatic disease. Asthma, diabetes, and arterial hypertension were the most commonly encountered. A history of psychiatric disorder was reported in 819 of 16,697 cases (5%). Daily alcohol consumption was reported by 14% of detainees and 77% smoked tobacco. Drug use was reported by 40% of detainees, cannabis in most cases (38%), infrequently cocaine or crack (4%) or heroine (1%). Assaults were reported by 20% of detainees, at the time of arrest in most cases (11%).The present study showed the high frequency of addictive behaviours and reported assaults or traumatic injuries in arrestees. Attending physicians should pay particular attention to addictive disorders and recent traumatic lesions in arrestees, both for immediate care and for prevention.

International audience; The silver-based MOF material Ag3(3-phosphonobenzoate) was evaluated as a bactericidal material. A sustainable release of Ag+, which was quantified by cathodic stripping voltammetry, was responsible for bactericidal activity against the 6 bacterial strains tested.

The synthesis of O,O-diethyl arylthiophosphonates is achieved following a base-induced [1,2] or [1,3] phospho-Fries rearrangement that makes use of O,O-diethyl O-aryl thiophosphates as substrates. The coordination properties of O,O-diethyl arylthiophosphonates are also discussed.