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Palicourea rigida Kunth is traditionally used for the treatment of skin diseases, kidney pains and ovarian inflammation. Based on these traditional uses, this study evaluated the topical anti-inflammatory activity of the ethanol extract from P. rigida leaves (EEPR) and identified bioactive compounds. Ear edema was induced in Swiss mice by the topical application of Croton oil, arachidonic acid, phenol and capsaicin. Histopathological analysis and myeloperoxidase and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase activities were determined. EEPR was characterized by UHPLC-UV-MS HPLC and the isolated compound was identified through 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance and mass fragmentation. Interaction profiles between quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucoside and cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 were established by molecular docking. EEPR significantly inhibited ear edema induced by Croton oil (p

The present study was designed to investigate the antioxidant, antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of the ethanol extract from Ageratum fastigiatum branches. Phytochemical screening and total phenol and flavonoid contents were determined. The antioxidant activity was assessed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-pycrilhydrazin (DPPH) and iron reducing power methods. The antinociceptive effect was evaluated using the acetic acid-induced writhing, formalin, hot plate and tail immersion assays; while the carrageenan-induced paw edema and pleurisy tests were performed to examine the anti-inflammatory activity against acute inflammation. The extract revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, coumarins, terpenes, sterols and saponins. Expressive levels of total phenols and flavonoids and a promising antioxidant effect were quantified. At the doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, the extract inhibited the writhing, reduced both phases of paw licking time and increased the reaction time on the hot plate. In the tail immersion test, the extract (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) caused a significant inhibition of pain. In these doses, the paw edema, exudate volume and leucocyte mobilization were significantly reduced. These results suggest that A. fastigiatum can be an active source of substances with antioxidant, antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities, adding scientific support to the appropriate use in the Brazilian folk medicine. RESUMO O presente estudo foi projetado para investigar as atividades antioxidante, antinociceptiva e anti-inflamatória do extrato etanólico dos galhos de Ageratum fastigiatum. Perfil fitoquímico e teores de fenois totais e flavonoids foram determinados. A atividade antioxidante foi avaliada por 2,2-difenil-1-picril-hidrazila (DPPH) e pelo método de poder de redução do ferro. O efeito antinociceptivo foi avaliado usando os ensaios de contorções abdominais induzidas por ácido acético, formalina, placa quente e imersão da cauda; enquanto os testes do edema de pata e pleurisia induzidos por carragenina foram realizados para examinar a atividade anti-inflamatória contra inflamação aguda. O extrato revelou a presença de flavonoides, taninos, cumarinas, terpenos, esteroides e saponina. Teores expressivos de fenóis totais e flavonoides e um promissor efeito antioxidante foram quantificados. Nas doses de 50, 100 e 200 mg/kg, o extrato inibiu as contorções, reduziu ambas as fases do tempo da lambida da pata e aumentou o tempo de reação sobre a placa quente. No teste de imersão da cauda, o extrato (50, 100 e 200 mg/kg) causou uma inibição significativa da dor. Nessas doses, o edema de pata, o volume do exsudato e a migração leucocitária foram significativamente reduzidos. Esses resultados sugerem que A. fastigiatum pode ser uma fonte de substâncias ativas com atividades antioxidante, antinociceptiva e anti-inflamatória, adicionando uma base científica para o uso na medicina popular brasileira.

The chemical composition of the essential oil from air-dried leaves of Eremanthus erythropappus was studied. The main compounds were β-pinene (23.24%), β-caryophyllene (22.92%), β-myrcene (10.03%) and germacrene D (9.40%). The essential oil had an LD50 of 2.90 gkg−1 in mice. Doses of 200 and 400 mgkg−1 inhibited 10.69% and 27.06% of acetic-acid-induced writhing in mice, respectively. In the formalin-induced nociception test in mice, the essential oil inhibited the first phase of paw licking by 29.13% (400 mgkg−1) and the second phase by 32.74% (200 mgkg−1) and 37.55% (400 mgkg−1). In the hot-plate test in mice, doses of 200 mgkg−1 and 400 mgkg−1 significantly increased the reaction time after 30, 60 and 90 min of treatment. Doses of 200 and 400 mgkg−1 inhibited carrageenan-induced paw oedema in rats by 15.18% and 36.61%, respectively. Doses of 200 and 400 mgkg−1 administered 4 h before intra-pleural injection of carrageenan significantly reduced exudate volume (by 20.20% and 48.70%, respectively) and leucocyte mobilization (by 5.88% and 17.29%, respectively). These results demonstrate that E. erythropappus has analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties, supporting the use of this plant in folk medicine.

The standard, quantitative determination of neomycin activity by the agar diffusion method requires an 18 to 24 h incubation time. To reduce incubation time, an alternative method using triphenyltetra- zolium chloride has been developed. The inhibition zoneappears much earlier; hence, an effort was made to standardize it. This indicator develops a physical response, related to the biological one, after a determined period. A Staphylococcus epidermidis suspension inoculated into solid medium ata concentration low enough that growth is not visible can reduce the dye to formazan. There is enough contrast to read the inhibition zone optically after a7 h incubation. There is no significant difference between standard curves for 7 and 24 h incubations.Comparative assays for some pharmaceutical drugs containing neomycin in different forms show that it is possible to reduce incubation time. This modification is valid because no dispersion of results was detected by statistical analysis, which indicates that they belong to the same population. Thus, a rapid microbiological assay of neomycin has been validated and standardized