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1. Facial blushing and feather fluffing are indicators of emotions in domestic fowl (Gallus gallus domesticus).

Author

Cécile Arnould, Scott A Love, Benoît Piégu, Gaëlle Lefort, Marie-Claire Blache, Céline Parias, Delphine Soulet, Frédéric Lévy, Raymond Nowak, Léa Lansade, and Aline Bertin

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

The study of facial expressions in mammals provided great advances in the identification of their emotions and then in the comprehension of their sentience. So far, this area of research has excluded birds. With a naturalist approach, we analysed facial blushing and feather displays in domestic fowl. Hens were filmed in situations contrasting in emotional valence and arousal level: situations known to indicate calm states (positive valence / low arousal), have rewarding effects (positive valence / high arousal) or induce fear-related behaviour (negative valence / high arousal). Head feather position as well as skin redness of comb, wattles, ear lobes and cheeks varied across these situations. Skin of all four areas was less red in situations with low arousal compared to situations with higher arousal. Furthermore, skin redness of the cheeks and ear lobes also varied depending on the valence of the situation: redness was higher in situations with negative valence compared to situations with positive valence. Feather position also varied with the situations. Feather fluffing was mostly observed in positively valenced situations, except when hens were eating. We conclude that hens have facial displays that reveal their emotions and that blushing is not exclusive to humans. This opens a promising way to explore the emotional lives of birds, which is a critical step when trying to improve poultry welfare.

Published
2024
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2. Generation of the induced pluripotent stem cell line UHOMi001-A from a patient with mutations in CCDC40 gene causing Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (PCD)

Author

Engi Ahmed, Caroline Sansac, Mathieu Fieldes, Anne Bergougnoux, Chloé Bourguignon, Joffrey Mianné, Cécile Arnould, Isabelle Vachier, Said Assou, Arnaud Bourdin, and John De Vos

Subjects
Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare heterogeneous genetic disorder affecting motile cilia structure and function leading to lung disease. We generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from dermal fibroblasts of a female PCD patient carrying disease-causing variants in the CCDC40 gene. Reprogramming was performed with the human OSKM transcription factors using the Sendai-virus delivery system. The resulting transgene free iPSCs had normal karyotype, expressed pluripotency markers, could differentiate into the three germ layers in vivo and retained the disease-causing CCDC40 mutations. This iPSC line could be useful to model PCD disease and test gene therapy strategies.Resource TableUnlabelled TableUnique stem cell line identifierUHOMi001-AAlternative name(s) of stem cell lineiPCD02.30InstitutionInstitute for Regenerative Medicine & Biotherapy (IRMB), Montpellier, FRANCEContact information of distributorJohn De Vos john.devos@inserm.frType of cell lineiPSCOriginhumanAdditional origin infoAge: 34Sex: FemaleCell SourceDermal fibroblastsClonalityClonalMethod of reprogramminghOCT4, hSOX2, hC-MYC, hKLF4 (CytoTune™-iPS 2.0 Sendai Reprogramming Kit - Invitrogen, Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.)Genetic ModificationYESType of ModificationSpontaneous mutationAssociated diseasePrimary Ciliary DyskinesiaGene/locusCompound Heterozygous mutations the Coiled-Coil Domain Containing 40 Gene (CCDC40): c.1116_1117delCT (Exon 7) and c.3180 + 1G > A (Intron 19)Method of modificationN/AName of transgene or resistanceN/AInducible/constitutive systemN/ADate archived/stock date2018-02-12Cell line repository/bankN/AEthical approvalThe study was approved by the regional scientific ethical committee (CPP Sud Med IV) under the number ID-RCB: 2013-A00892–43/CILIPS, Promoter University Hospital Of Montpellier) and informed consent was obtained from the patient.

Published
2018
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3. Generation of the induced pluripotent stem cell line UHOMi002-A from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of a healthy male donor

Author

Mathieu Fieldes, Engi Ahmed, Chloé Bourguignon, Joffrey Mianné, Mélanie Martin, Cécile Arnould, Isabelle Vachier, Said Assou, John De Vos, and Arnaud Bourdin

Subjects
Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Human pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) are highly valuable tools to model lung development and chronic bronchial diseases. We generated a hiPSC line from a highly characterized 40-year-old healthy male nonsmoking donor. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were reprogrammed using integration-free Sendai Virus. The cell line had normal karyotype, expressed pluripotency hallmarks, and differentiated into the three primary germ layers.The reported UHOMi002-A iPSC line may be used as a control to model lung development, study human chronic bronchial diseases and drug testing.

Published
2020
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4. Artificially Increased Yolk Hormone Levels and Neophobia in Domestic Chicks

Author

Aline Bertin, Cécile Arnould, Chantal Moussu, Maryse Meurisse, Paul Constantin, Christine Leterrier, and Ludovic Calandreau

Subjects
yolk hormones, maternal effects, neophobia, fear, behavioral development, Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100, Zoology, QL1-991
Abstract

In birds there is compelling evidence that the development and expression of behavior is affected by maternal factors, particularly via variation in yolk hormone concentrations of maternal origin. In the present study we tested whether variation in yolk hormone levels lead to variation in the expression of neophobia in young domestic chicks. Understanding how the prenatal environment could predispose chicks to express fear-related behaviors is essential in order to propose preventive actions and improve animal welfare. We simulated the consequences of a maternal stress by experimentally enhancing yolk progesterone, testosterone and estradiol concentrations in hen eggs prior to incubation. The chicks from these hormone-treated eggs (H) and from sham embryos (C) that received the vehicle-only were exposed to novel food, novel object and novel environment tests. H chicks approached a novel object significantly faster and were significantly more active in a novel environment than controls, suggesting less fearfulness. Conversely, no effect of the treatment was found in food neophobia tests. Our study highlights a developmental influence of yolk hormones on a specific aspect of neophobia. The results suggest that increased yolk hormone levels modulate specifically the probability of exploring novel environments or novel objects in the environment.

Published
2015
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5. Facial display and blushing: Means of visual communication in blue-and-yellow macaws (Ara Ararauna)?

Author

Aline Bertin, Arielle Beraud, Léa Lansade, Marie-Claire Blache, Amandine Diot, Baptiste Mulot, and Cécile Arnould

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Mainly recognized for their cognitive performance, the visual communication system and, particularly, the potential function of facial displays in parrots remain thus far unexplored. Here, we provide the first descriptive study of facial display use in captive blue-and-yellow macaws. We observed the feather position (sleeked or ruffled) on the crown, nape and cheek at the group level during the macaws' daily routine and individually while interacting with a familiar animal caretaker. In the latter context, blushing was also assessed on the bare skin of the cheek. Group level observations showed that crown, nape and cheek feathers ruffling was more frequent in activities requiring no locomotion than in activities requiring locomotion. With the animal caretaker, crown ruffling was significantly more frequent when the caretaker was actively engaging with the parrot than during a control phase with no mutual interaction. In addition, a significantly higher proportion of naïve observers judged blushing as being present on photographs taken during the mutual interaction phase than during the control phase. We thus showed significant variations in facial displays and bare skin colour based on the birds' social context and activity. Our results broaden the scope for further studies to determine whether parrots' faces provide visual social signals.

Published
2018
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6. Short- and long-term effects of unpredictable repeated negative stimuli on Japanese quail's fear of humans.

Author

Agathe Laurence, Sophie Lumineau, Ludovic Calandreau, Cécile Arnould, Christine Leterrier, Alain Boissy, and Cécilia Houdelier

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Numerous aversive events occur in poultry production, and if repeated and unpredictable, can result in an impaired welfare. Some events such as handling can be perceived negatively and it is of interest to understand how humans' behaviour could affect poultry's behaviours and especially its avoidance of humans. Our aim was to evaluate short- and long-lasting effects of a 3-week procedure involving unpredictable repeated negative stimuli (URNS) applied during the post-juvenile period on quail's reactivity to humans. We compared the reactions of two sets of quail: URNS was applied to one set (treated quail) and the other set was left undisturbed (control quail). When two weeks old, treated quail were exposed to a variety of negative stimuli, either applied automatically or involving human presence. One and seven weeks after the termination of the procedure, the reactivity of control and treated quail to a passive human being was evaluated. Furthermore, the experimenter with her hand on a trough containing a mealworm assessed the propensity of quail of both groups to habituate to feed close to a human being. In the presence of a seated observer, treated quail were more inhibited and more alert than control quail. Likewise, seven weeks after the end of the URNS procedure, more treated than control quail adopted a fear posture. Moreover, whereas control quail spent as much time in the different areas of their cages, treated quail spent more time in the rear part of their cages. Finally, whereas control quail habituated gradually to feed near the experimenter's hand, treated quail did not. All these tests evidence negative short- and long-term effects on treated quail's reactivity to a passive human being and on their habituation to a human being when her presence is positively reinforced. This highlights the importance of young poultry's experience with humans in production.

Published
2014
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7. Emotionality modulates the effect of chronic stress on feeding behaviour in birds.

Author

Angélique Favreau-Peigné, Ludovic Calandreau, Paul Constantin, Bernard Gaultier, Aline Bertin, Cécile Arnould, Agathe Laurence, Marie-Annick Richard-Yris, Cécilia Houdelier, Sophie Lumineau, Alain Boissy, and Christine Leterrier

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Chronic stress is a long-lasting negative emotional state that induces negative consequences on animals' psycho-physiological state. This study aimed at assessing whether unpredictable and repeated negative stimuli (URNS) influence feeding behaviour in quail. Sixty-four quail were exposed to URNS from day 17 to 40, while 64 quail were undisturbed. Two lines divergently selected on their inherent emotionality were used to assess the effect of genetic factors on the sensitivity to URNS. All quail were submitted to a sequential feeding procedure (using two diets of different energetic values) which placed them in a contrasting situation. Behavioural tests were performed to assess the emotional reactivity of the two lines. Results confirmed that differences exist between them and that their emotional reactivity was enhanced by URNS. Diet preferences, motivation and daily intake were also measured. URNS did not change the preferences for the hypercaloric diet compared to the hypocaloric diet in choice tests, but they reduced daily intakes in both lines. Motivations for each diet were differently affected by URNS: they decreased the motivation to eat the hypercaloric diet in quail selected for their low inherent fearfulness whereas they increased the motivation to eat the hypocaloric diet in quail selected for their high inherent fearfulness, which suggested a devaluation process in the former and a compensatory behaviour in the later. Growth was furthermore reduced and laying delayed by URNS in both lines. In conclusion, the exposure to URNS induced interesting changes in feeding behaviour added with an increase in emotional reactivity and an alteration of production parameters. This confirms that both lines of quail experienced a chronic stress state. However differences in feed motivation and emotional reactivity between lines under chronic stress suggested that they experienced different emotional state and use different ways to cope with it depending on their genetic background.

Published
2014
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8. Evidence of phenotypic and genetic relationships between sociality, emotional reactivity and production traits in Japanese quail.

Author

Julien Recoquillay, Christine Leterrier, Ludovic Calandreau, Aline Bertin, Frédérique Pitel, David Gourichon, Alain Vignal, Catherine Beaumont, Elisabeth Le Bihan-Duval, and Cécile Arnould

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

The social behavior of animals, which is partially controlled by genetics, is one of the factors involved in their adaptation to large breeding groups. To understand better the relationships between different social behaviors, fear behaviors and production traits, we analyzed the phenotypic and genetic correlations of these traits in Japanese quail by a second generation crossing of two lines divergently selected for their social reinstatement behavior. Analyses of results for 900 individuals showed that the phenotypic correlations between behavioral traits were low with the exception of significant correlations between sexual behavior and aggressive pecks both at phenotypic (0.51) and genetic (0.90) levels. Significant positive genetic correlations were observed between emotional reactivity toward a novel object and sexual (0.89) or aggressive (0.63) behaviors. The other genetic correlations were observed mainly between behavioral and production traits. Thus, the level of emotional reactivity, estimated by the duration of tonic immobility, was positively correlated with weight at 17 and 65 days of age (0.76 and 0.79, respectively) and with delayed egg laying onset (0.74). In contrast, a higher level of social reinstatement behavior was associated with an earlier egg laying onset (-0.71). In addition, a strong sexual motivation was correlated with an earlier laying onset (-0.68) and a higher number of eggs laid (0.82). A low level of emotional reactivity toward a novel object and also a higher aggressive behavior were genetically correlated with a higher number of eggs laid (0.61 and 0.58, respectively). These results bring new insights into the complex determinism of social and emotional reactivity behaviors in birds and their relationships with production traits. Furthermore, they highlight the need to combine animal welfare and production traits in selection programs by taking into account traits of sociability and emotional reactivity.

Published
2013
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9. Moderate heat challenge increased yolk steroid hormones and shaped offspring growth and behavior in chickens.

Author

Aline Bertin, Marine Chanson, Joël Delaveau, Frédéric Mercerand, Erich Möstl, Ludovic Calandreau, Cécile Arnould, Christine Leterrier, and Anne Collin

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Environmental challenges might affect the maternal organism and indirectly affect the later ontogeny of the progeny. We investigated the cross-generation impact of a moderate heat challenge in chickens. We hypothesized that a warm temperature--within the thermotolerance range--would affect the hormonal environment provided to embryos by mothers, and in turn, affect the morphology and behavioral phenotype of offspring. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Laying hens were raised under a standard thermal condition at 21°C (controls) or 30°C (experimental) for 5 consecutive weeks. A significant increase was observed in the internal temperature of hens exposed to the warm treatment; however plasma corticosterone levels remained unaffected. The laying rate was not affected, but experimental hens laid lighter eggs than the controls during the treatment. As expected, the maternal thermal environment affected yolk hormone contents. Eggs laid by the experimental hens showed significantly higher concentrations of yolk progesterone, testosterone, and estradiol. All chicks were raised under standard thermal conditions. The quality of hatchlings, growth, feeding behavior and emotional reactivity of chicks were analyzed. Offspring of experimental hens (C30 chicks) were lighter but obtained better morphological quality scores at hatching than the controls (C21 chicks). C30 chicks expressed lesser distress calls when exposed to a novel food. Unlike C21 chicks, C30 chicks expressed no preference for energetic food. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Our findings suggest that moderate heat challenge triggers maternal effects and modulate the developmental trajectory of offspring in a way that may be adaptive. This suggests that the impact of heat challenges on captive or wild populations might have a cross-generation effect.

Published
2013
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10. Japanese quail's genetic background modulates effects of chronic stress on emotional reactivity but not spatial learning.

Author

Agathe Laurence, Cécilia Houdelier, Christophe Petton, Ludovic Calandreau, Cécile Arnould, Angélique Favreau-Peigné, Christine Leterrier, Alain Boissy, Marie-Annick Richard-Yris, and Sophie Lumineau

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Chronic stress is known to enhance mammals' emotional reactivity and alters several of their cognitive functions, especially spatial learning. Few studies have investigated such effects in birds. We investigated the impact of a two-week stress on Japanese quail's emotional reactivity and spatial learning. Quail is an avian model widely used in laboratory studies and for extrapolation of data to other poultry species. As sensitivity to chronic stress can be modulated by intrinsic factors, we tested juvenile female Japanese quail from three lines, two of them divergently selected on tonic immobility duration, an indicator of general fearfulness. The different emotional reactivity levels of quail belonging to these lines can be revealed by a large variety of tests. Half of the birds were submitted to repeated unpredictable aversive events for two weeks, whereas the other half were left undisturbed. After this procedure, two tests (open field and emergence tests) evaluated the emotional reactivity of treated and control quails. They were then trained in a T-maze for seven days and their spatial learning was tested. The chronic stress protocol had an impact on resting, preening and foraging in the home cage. As predicted, the emotional reactivity of treated quails, especially those selected for long tonic immobility duration, was higher. Our spatial learning data showed that the treatment enhanced acquisition but not memorization. However, intrinsic fearfulness did not seem to interact with the treatment in this test. According to an inverted U-shaped relationship between stress and cognition, chronic stress can improve the adaptability of birds to a stressful environment. We discussed the mechanisms possibly implied in the increase of emotional reactivity and spatial abilities.

Published
2012
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12. Impact of natural and artificial prenatal stimulation on the behavioural profile of Japanese quail

Author

Nawel Mezrai, Cécilia Houdelier, Aline Bertin, Ludovic Calandreau, Cécile Arnould, Anne-Sophie Darmaillacq, Ludovic Dickel, Sophie Lumineau, Ethologie animale et humaine (EthoS), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur] (IFCE)-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Agence Nationale de la Recherche

Subjects
Emotivity, animal structures, Physiology, Prenatal stress, Ethology, Coturnix, Vitamins, Aquatic Science, Behavioural development, [SCCO]Cognitive science, Social Isolation, Social behaviour, Insect Science, [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, embryonic structures, Animals, Animal Science and Zoology, Female, Molecular Biology, Chickens, Auditory stimulation, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

As the sensory systems of vertebrates develop prenatally, embryos perceive many environmental stimuli that can influence the ontogeny of their behaviour. Whether the nature and intensity of prenatal stimuli affect this ontogeny differently remains to be investigated. In this context, this study aimed to analyse the effects of prenatal auditory stimulation (natural stimulation, NS; predator vocalisations or artificial stimulation, AS; metallic sounds) on the subsequent behaviour of young Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). For this, behavioural variables recorded during ethological tests evaluating emotional and social reactivity were analysed using a principal component analysis. This analysis revealed significant differences between the behavioural profile of stimulated chicks and that of non-exposed chicks. Indeed, chicks exposed to NS expressed more intense emotional responses in fearful situations, but less neophobia when exposed to a novel environment or object, whereas chicks exposed to AS appeared more sensitive to social isolation. Our results show that the acoustic environment of embryos can influence the way young birds subsequently interact with their social and physical environment after hatching, and face challenges in changing living conditions.

Published
2021

13. Bill covering and nape feather ruffling as indicators of calm states in the Sulphur-crested cockatoo (Cacatua galerita)

Author

Léa Lansade, Cécile Arnould, Arielle Beraud, Baptiste Mulot, Aline Bertin, Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Beauval Nature, ZooParc de Beauval, and Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Facial expression, animal structures, Nape, Social contact, Calmness, Emotions, Cockatoos, Zoology, Cacatua galerita, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Behavioral Neuroscience, Parrots, Low arousal theory, medicine, Animals, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Emotional expression, 050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology, Valence (psychology), biology, Positive emotions, [SDV.NEU.PC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Psychology and behavior, 05 social sciences, General Medicine, Feathers, biology.organism_classification, Animal sentience, medicine.anatomical_structure, Feather, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Animal Science and Zoology, Psychology, Sulfur
Abstract

International audience; Parrots are highly social birds that are recognized for their primate-like cognitive abilities but their way to express emotions remain overlooked. Herein we explored potential facial indicators of emotions in cockatoos. We predicted that facial feather ruffling is an indicator of a cockatoo's emotional state and hypothesized that specific facial feather positions would be present more during positive valence and low arousal situations. We observed feather position on the crest, cheek and nape during the daily routine of a group of five captive, non-breeding, Sulphur-crested cockatoos. The data show that cheek and nape feather ruffling occurred significantly more during activities associated with low arousal levels and positive valence such as maintenance behaviours, positive and quiet social contact and resting. Our data suggest that ruffling feathers over the bill (i.e. cheek feather ruffling) and nape ruffling may provide visual indicators of calm/relaxed states in cockatoos. Subtle movement of facial feathers may be an effective close-ranged visual signal to communicate birds' affective states or their intention to engage in specific activities. This work provides a novel approach to assessing the positive welfare of captive cockatoos and to understanding emotional communication in non-mammalian species.

Published
2020

14. Effects of a temporary period on pasture on the welfare state of horses housed in individual boxes

Author

Aline Foury, Julie Lemarchand, Justine Levray, Marie-Pierre Moisan, Núria Mach, Christine Briant, Cécile Arnould, Léa Lansade, Alice Ruet, Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative (GABI), Université Paris-Saclay-AgroParisTech-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Nutrition et Neurobiologie intégrée (NutriNeuro), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, biologie et physique-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, 040301 veterinary sciences, Pasture, 0403 veterinary science, Aggressive behaviours, Aggressiveness, Food Animals, Animal welfare, medicine, Behaviour, Unresponsiveness, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, [SDV.NEU.PC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Psychology and behavior, 0402 animal and dairy science, Welfare state, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Hypervigilance, 040201 dairy & animal science, Management, Human-animal relationship, Stereotypies, Animal Science and Zoology, medicine.symptom, Psychology, Demography
Abstract

International audience; Domesticated horses mainly live in individual boxes, a housing system reported as compromising animal welfare. A common practice in riding schools involves offering a temporary period on pasture with conspecifics to alleviate the impact of long-term deprivation triggered by boxes. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of this practice using four behavioural indicators reflecting a compromised welfare state: stereotypies; aggressive behaviours towards humans; the "withdrawn posture" reflecting unresponsiveness to the environment; and the "alert posture" indicating hypervigilance. A group of 31 horses was monitored before, during and after a period of 1.5 months on pasture (intra-group comparisons) and their behaviours were compared to those of 29 horses kept in individual boxes during the study (inter-group comparisons). On pasture, no stereotypies and aggressive behaviours towards humans were observed, and the occurrence of the "alert posture" decreased, although the results were not significant. An increase in the expression of natural behaviours such as locomotion, exploration and social behaviours was observed. However, the expression of the "withdrawn posture" increased during the first five days on pasture (Friedman: P

Published
2020

16. Human behaviour at the origin of maternal effects on offspring behaviour in laying hens (Gallus gallus domesticus)

Author

Sophie Lumineau, Aline Bertin, Cécile Arnould, Ludovic Calandreau, Cécilia Houdelier, Anne-Sophie Darmaillacq, Rupert Palme, Frédérique Mocz, Ludovic Dickel, Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Dept Biomed Sci Biochem, University of Veterinary Medecine of Vienna, Ethologie animale et humaine (EthoS), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-13-BSV7-0002,PReSTO'Cog,Effets de stress prénatals sur le développement précoce des comportements et des capacités cognitives : une approche comparative(2013), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur] (IFCE)-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PReSTO'Cog ANR-13-BSV7-0002-02, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Male, food.ingredient, Offspring, Maternal effects, Physiology, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Gallus gallus domesticus, Imprinting, Psychological, Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Behavioral Neuroscience, 0302 clinical medicine, food, Transgenerational epigenetics, Yolk, [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, medicine, Animals, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Behaviour, 050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology, Social Behavior, 10. No inequality, Progesterone, Social discrimination, Behavior, Animal, Estradiol, [SDV.NEU.PC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Psychology and behavior, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, 05 social sciences, Neophobia, Maternal effect, [SDV.NEU.SC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Cognitive Sciences, Yolk hormones, Fear, medicine.disease, Egg Yolk, Filial imprinting, Fertility, Animals, Newborn, Female, Chickens, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Hormone
Abstract

International audience; Regular visual presence of humans is known to reduce chickens' human-generated stress responses. Here we questioned whether, more than mere visual presence, human behaviour affects laying hen behaviour and subsequently their offspring's behaviour. We hypothesized that human behaviour triggers maternal effects via variations in yolk hormone levels. For five consecutive weeks, two groups of hens were exposed to the same durations of human presence (30 min twice a day, five days a week) but the behaviour of the human differed between groups. The first group (H+) was exposed to predictable arrival of the experimenter, slow movements combined with static presence, stroking during handling and human voice. Whereas the second group of hens (H-) was exposed to unpredictable arrival of the experimenter which remained silent, in motion, and did not provide stroking during handling. At the end of the treatment, we evaluated egg quality and offspring behaviour. We found that avoidance of the experimenter by H+ hens but not by H– hens decreased significantly. Fertility rates and concentrations of yolk progesterone and estradiol in H+ hens' eggs were higher than in H– hens' eggs. Fear of humans, neophobia or the capacity to solve a detour task did not differ significantly between H+ and H– chicks. Social discrimination tests showed that H+ chicks but not H– chicks typically preferred a familiar conspecific to a stranger. These results show that, with the same duration in the presence of the birds, humans through their behaviour engender variations in fertility rates, yolk hormone levels and transgenerational effects on social skills. Rarely explored, our data suggest that maternal effects influence filial imprinting. These data have broad implications for laboratory, commercial systems and conservatory programs where the inevitable presence of humans could trigger maternal effects on offspring phenotype.

Published
2019

17. Horses Could Perceive Riding Differently Depending on the Way They Express Poor Welfare in the Stable

Author

Cécile Arnould, Sophie Biau, Patrick Galloux, Léa Lansade, Alice Ruet, Eléna Pycik, Laetitia Boichot, Alexandra Destrez, Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur], Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] (CSGA), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), IFCE + Fonds Eperon., and Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, Kinematics, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), 040301 veterinary sciences, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), media_common.quotation_subject, Emotions, Posture, [SDV.SA.ZOO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Zootechny, Horse, 0403 veterinary science, Animal welfare, Perception, medicine, Animals, Horses, Negative perception, media_common, Behavior, Equine, 0402 animal and dairy science, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Hypervigilance, 040201 dairy & animal science, Spine, Housing conditions, Stereotyped Behavior, medicine.symptom, Psychology, human activities, Welfare, Clinical psychology
Abstract

International audience; This study investigated the relationships between four behavioral and postural indicators of a compromised welfare state in loose boxes (stereotypies, aggressive behaviors toward humans, withdrawn posture reflecting unresponsiveness to the environment, and alert posture indicating hypervigilance) and the way horses perceived riding. This perception was inferred using a survey completed by the usual riding instructor and during a standardized riding session (assessment of behaviors and postures, qualitative behavior assessment (QBA) and characterization of the horses' locomotion using an inertial measurement unit). In accordance with ear and tail positions and the QBA, stereotypic and the most hypervigilant horses in loose boxes seemed to experience a more negative affective state during the riding session compared with nonstereotypic and less hypervigilant animals (P < .02 in all cases). Horses which were aggressive toward humans in loose boxes had higher scores regarding the occurrence of discomfort and defensive behaviors on the survey than nonaggressive horses (P = .03). They also presented higher dorsoventral accelerations at a canter during the riding session (P = .03), requiring the rider to increase his spinal movement (P = .005). These results suggest that aggressive horses may be harder to ride than nonaggressive animals. The expression of unresponsiveness to the environment in loose boxes was related to more reluctance to move forward, as assessed in the survey (P = .006). This study suggests that a compromised welfare state in the stable is related to horses having a more negative perception of riding. This perception could vary depending on the expression of poor welfare.

Published
2020

18. Are there facial indicators of positive emotions in birds? A first exploration in Japanese quail

Author

Fabien Cornilleau, Marie-Claire Blache, Aline Bertin, Léa Lansade, Xavier Boivin, Julie Lemarchand, Cécile Arnould, Raymond Nowak, Ludovic Calandreau, Alain Boissy, Christine Leterrier, Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Experimental unit PEAT and Department PHASE INRA, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, animal structures, Emotions, Coturnix, Audiology, 050105 experimental psychology, Pupil, Tonic (physiology), Behavioral Neuroscience, Reward, Animal welfare, biology.animal, medicine, Animals, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Emotional expression, 050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology, Emotion, Facial expression, biology, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, 05 social sciences, Immobility Response, Tonic, General Medicine, Fear, Feathers, Quail, Facial Expression, Positive affect, Feather, visual_art, Coturnix coturnix japonica, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Pharynx, Animal Science and Zoology
Abstract

International audience; The positive aspect of emotions, like pleasure, remains overlooked in birds. Our aim was to contribute to the exploration of facial indicators of positive emotions. To observe contrasting emotional expressions, we used two lines of Japanese quail divergently selected on their inherent fearfulness: a fearful line (long tonic immobility duration: LTI) and a less fearful line (short tonic immobility duration: STI). To induce positive emotions, we gave individual quail the opportunity to perform a rewarding behaviour, dustbathing, in an unfamiliar cage. More STI than LTI quail expressed dustbathing and latencies to dustbathe were significantly shorter in STI than LTI quail. This result indicated that the lines of quail differed in their fearfulness of the situation. We observed crown feather height, throat feather angle and pupil surface before (control) and during dustbathing. We found significant increases in crown feather height, pupil area and angle of throat feathers between the control and the dustbathing phases in STI quail, and pupil area correlated positively with crown feather height. In LTI quail, the angle of throat feathers increased during dustbathing, but the other parameters did not differ. We argue that variation in crown feather height and pupil area may provide indications of positive emotions in Japanese quail.

Published
2018

19. Facial display and blushing: Means of visual communication in blue-and-yellow macaws (Ara Ararauna)?

Author

Arielle Beraud, Marie-Claire Blache, Léa Lansade, Amandine Diot, Aline Bertin, Baptiste Mulot, Cécile Arnould, Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ZooParc de Beauval, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Male, Physiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Emotions, faculté cognitive, lcsh:Medicine, Social Sciences, Audiology, ara ararauna, coloration, 01 natural sciences, Parrots, Ornithology, Bird Flight, Medicine and Health Sciences, Psychology, Animal Anatomy, lcsh:Science, Group level, Multidisciplinary, plume, biology, Animal Behavior, 05 social sciences, Eukaryota, Vertebrates, diagnostic visuel, Female, relation homme animal, medicine.symptom, Anatomy, Flight (Biology), Research Article, medicine.medical_specialty, qualité sensorielle, Blushing, Context (language use), Motor Activity, 010603 evolutionary biology, Birds, reconnaissance visuelle, medicine, Animals, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Animal behavior, Visual communication, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], 050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology, Social Behavior, Daily routine, perroquet, Ara ararauna, Behavior, Biological Locomotion, lcsh:R, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, expression faciale, Feathers, biology.organism_classification, Skin colour, Animal Communication, stomatognathic diseases, interaction animal homme, Face, Amniotes, lcsh:Q, Zoology, Head, communication sensorielle
Abstract

International audience; Mainly recognized for their cognitive performance, the visual communication system and, particularly, the potential function of facial displays in parrots remain thus far unexplored. Here, we provide the first descriptive study of facial display use in captive blue-and-yellow macaws. We observed the feather position (sleeked or ruffled) on the crown, nape and cheek at the group level during the macaws' daily routine and individually while interacting with a familiar animal caretaker. In the latter context, blushing was also assessed on the bare skin of the cheek. Group level observations showed that crown, nape and cheek feathers ruffling was more frequent in activities requiring no locomotion than in activities requiring locomotion. With the animal caretaker, crown ruffling was significantly more frequent when the caretaker was actively engaging with the parrot than during a control phase with no mutual interaction. In addition, a significantly higher proportion of naive observers judged blushing as being present on photographs taken during the mutual interaction phase than during the control phase. We thus showed significant variations in facial displays and bare skin colour based on the birds' social context and activity. Our results broaden the scope for further studies to determine whether parrots' faces provide visual social signals.

Published
2018

20. Emotional state and personality influence cognitive flexibility in horses (Equus caballus)

Author

Frédéric Lévy, Margot Fortin, Cécile Arnould, Mathilde Valenchon, Ludovic Calandreau, Léa Lansade, Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
media_common.quotation_subject, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Emotions, emotion, Developmental psychology, 03 medical and health sciences, Habits, stress, 0302 clinical medicine, conditioning, Personality, Animals, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Animal cognition, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], 050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology, Effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance, Horses, Valence (psychology), Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, media_common, learning, Behavior, Animal, extinction, 05 social sciences, Cognitive flexibility, Cognition, temperament, Conditioning, Conditioning, Operant, Temperament, Female, Psychology (miscellaneous), Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Emotions are recognized as strong modulators of cognitive capacities. However, studies have mainly focused on the effect of negative emotions, with few investigating positive emotions. Recent studies suggest that traits of personality can modulate the effects of emotion on cognitive performance. This study aimed to assess whether emotional states differing according to their valence influenced the ability to achieve instrumental conditioning and learning flexibility and to determine the influence of personality. After being tested for their personality, 55 mares underwent acquisition and extinction procedures of instrumental conditioning in a box previously associated with negative events (e.g., novel and sudden stimuli; E-), positive events (e.g., food reward; E+), or no particular event (E⁰). This contextual conditioning induced contrasting behavioral and physiological responses during acquisition, indicating that E- horses were in a negative and E+ horses were in a positive emotional state. Although acquisition performance did not differ between groups, E+ horses showed a greater flexibility in the extinction phase of instrumental learning than E- and E⁰ horses. Furthermore, fearless personality was related to better acquisition and increased cognitive flexibility. This study demonstrates that horses were able to undergo contextual conditioning that induced negative or more positive emotional states and that this latter emotional state enhanced cognitive flexibility. (PsycINFO Database Record

Published
2018

21. Yolk hormones influence in ovo chemosensory learning, growth, and feeding behavior in domestic chicks

Author

Christine Leterrier, Joël Delaveau, Pascal Vaudin, Fabien Cornilleau, Paul Constantin, Cécile Arnould, Ludovic Calandreau, Thierry Burlot, Maryse Meurisse, Christophe Rat, and Aline Bertin

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, medicine.medical_specialty, animal structures, food.ingredient, In ovo, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Behavioral Neuroscience, food, Developmental Neuroscience, Internal medicine, Yolk, Developmental and Educational Psychology, medicine, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, 050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology, Incubation, Testosterone, biology, Hatching, 05 social sciences, Menhaden, Maternal effect, biology.organism_classification, Endocrinology, Odor, embryonic structures, Developmental Biology
Abstract

In this study, we assessed whether prenatal exposure to elevated yolk steroid hormones can influence in ovo chemosensory learning and the behavior of domestic chicks. We simulated a maternal environmental challenge by experimentally enhancing yolk progesterone, testosterone, and estradiol concentrations in hen eggs prior to incubation. The embryos from these hormones-treated eggs (HO) as well as sham embryos (O) that had received the vehicle-only were exposed to the odor of fish oil (menhaden) between embryonic Days 11 and 20. An additional group of control embryos (C) was not exposed to the odor. All chicks were tested following hatching for their feeding preferences between foods that were or were not odorized with the menhaden odor. In the 3-min choice tests, the behavior of O chicks differed significantly according to the type of food whereas C and HO chicks showed no preference between odorized and non-odorized food. Our result suggests weaker response in HO chicks. In addition, HO chicks showed impaired growth and reduced intake of an unfamiliar food on the 24-h time scale compared to controls. Our data suggest that embryonic exposure to increased yolk hormone levels can alter growth, chemosensory learning, and the development of feeding behaviors.

Published
2015

22. Lipids in maternal diet influence yolk hormone levels and post-hatch neophobia in the domestic chick

Author

Cécile Arnould, Isabelle Denis, Rupert Palme, Maryse Meurisse, Anne-Sophie Darmaillacq, Ludovic Dickel, Elisabeth Baéza, Pascal Chartrin, Elske N. de Haas, Aline Bertin, Sophie Lumineau, Cécilia Houdelier, Ludovic Calandreau, Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Recherches Avicoles (SRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, University of Veterinary Medicine [Vienna] (Vetmeduni), Ethologie animale et humaine (EthoS), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Neurobiologie de l'Olfaction et de la Prise Alimentaire (NOPA), ANR-13-BSV7-0002,PReSTO'Cog,Effets de stress prénatals sur le développement précoce des comportements et des capacités cognitives : une approche comparative(2013), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de Recherches Avicoles (URA), Neurobiologie de l'olfaction (NBO), French National Research Agency (PReSTO'Cog) Grant Number: ANR-13-BSV7-0002-02, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur] (IFCE)-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, food.ingredient, neophobia, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Behavioral Neuroscience, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Lower body, food, Developmental Neuroscience, Corticosterone, Fatty Acids, Omega-6, Internal medicine, Yolk, Fatty Acids, Omega-3, [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, Developmental and Educational Psychology, medicine, Animals, Androstenedione, Progesterone, chemistry.chemical_classification, Behavior, Animal, Estradiol, [SDV.NEU.PC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Psychology and behavior, Neophobia, Maternal effect, yolk hormones, [SDV.NEU.SC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Cognitive Sciences, medicine.disease, Egg Yolk, Gallus gallus domesticus, 030104 developmental biology, Endocrinology, chemistry, poly unsaturated fatty acids, embryonic structures, maternal effects, Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Female, Chickens, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Developmental Biology, Hormone, Polyunsaturated fatty acid
Abstract

International audience; We assessed whether the ratio of dietary n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) during egg formation engenders transgenerational maternal effects in domestic chicks. We analyzed yolk lipid and hormone concentrations, and HPA-axis activity in hens fed a control diet (high n-6/n-3 ratio) or a diet enriched in n-3 PUFAs (low n-6/n-3 ratio) for 6 consecutive weeks. Their chicks were tested for neophobia during the first week of life. We found higher corticosterone metabolites in droppings of hens fed the diet enriched in n-3 and significantly higher concentrations of yolk progesterone, androstenedione, and estradiol in their eggs compared to controls. Chicks of hens fed the n-3 enriched diet showed a lower body mass at hatch than controls and expressed higher neophobia when exposed to a novel object. These results add support to the hypothesis that the nutritional state of female birds produces variation in yolk hormone levels and engender maternal effects.

Published
2017

23. Combined effect of divergent selection for breast muscle ultimate pH and dietary amino acids on chicken performance, physical activity and meat quality

Author

E. Le Bihan-Duval, Cécile Arnould, Cécile Berri, Marie Bourin, Marie Chabault-Dhuit, Nabeel Alnahhas, Recherches Avicoles (SRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut Technique de l'Aviculture et des Elevages de Petits Animaux (ITAVI), Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), INRA, Association of Agricultural Technical Coordination (ACTA) of the French Ministry of Agriculture, Government of Syria, Unité de Recherches Avicoles (URA), ITAVI, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, dietary amino acids, qualité de la viande, Breeding, meat quality, Food science, Amino Acids, 10. No inequality, Pectoralis Muscle, Essential amino acid, 2. Zero hunger, chemistry.chemical_classification, Sartorius muscle, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Animal culture, régime alimentaire, dietary amino acid, Body Composition, carcasse, Composition (visual arts), Female, divergent selection, [SDV.OT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT], Meat, Animal feed, chicken, poulet, Biology, broiler, SF1-1100, Feed conversion ratio, ultimate ph, Pectoralis Muscles, 03 medical and health sciences, Animals, Selection, Genetic, Muscle, Skeletal, 0402 animal and dairy science, Broiler, Carbohydrate, 040201 dairy & animal science, Animal Feed, Diet, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Animal Science and Zoology, Chickens, carcass
Abstract

Responses to changes in dietary Lys and other essential amino acid (AA) concentrations were evaluated in 480 male and female broilers originating from two lines divergently selected for high (pHu+) or low (pHu-) ultimate pH (pHu) of breast muscle. The two genetic lines were fed with two grower isoenergetic diets differing in both true digestible Lys (control=10.2 g/kg and experimental=7.0 g/kg) and amounts of other essential AA calculated in relation to Lys, which were sufficient for the control diet or in excess for the experimental diet. There were six repetitions per treatment. Birds were weighed individually at days 0, 21, 28 and 43. Feed consumption was recorded per pen and feed conversion was calculated over the growing period. The physical activity and walking ability of broilers were recorded during the whole rearing period. Breast and leg yield, and abdominal fat percentage were measured at 43 days of age, as were pHu, color, drip and cooking loss, Warner-Bratzler shear force, and curing-cooking yield of the breast Pectoralis major and pHu of the thigh Sartorius muscle. Divergent selection greatly affected most breast meat quality traits without significantly changing growth rate or feed efficiency. When subjected to a variation in dietary intake of AA, birds from the two genotypes responded in a similar way in terms of animal's growth, feed efficiency, body composition and meat quality traits. Although line and diet did not affect physical or feeding activities of the broilers, a significant effect of line-by-diet interaction was observed on gait score. Contrary to the pHu- birds, the walking ability of pHu+ birds was impaired when fed the control diet that favored growth and breast muscle development and limited storage of carbohydrate in muscle.

Published
2017

24. Accounting for Linkage Disequilibrium in genome scans for selection without individual genotypes: the local score approach

Author

Patrice Dehais, María Inés Fariello, Olivier Bouchez, Frédérique Pitel, Simon Boitard, Julien Recoquillay, Thomas Faraut, Cécile Arnould, Sophie Leroux, David Robelin, Sabine Mercier, Magali SanCristobal, Christine Leterrier, David Gourichon, Gerald Salin, Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut de Mathématiques de Toulouse UMR5219 (IMT), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UFR SES, Département de Mathématique-Informatique, Université Toulouse Le Mirail (Toulouse 2) (UTM), Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Recherches Avicoles (SRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), GeT PlaGe, Genotoul, Plateforme SIGENAE, Pôle d'Expérimentation Avicole de Tours (PEAT), Dynamiques Forestières dans l'Espace Rural (DYNAFOR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), French Agence Nationale de la Recherche (SNP-BB project, ANR-009-GENM-008) (DéLiSus project, ANR-07-GANI-001), The Région Midi-Pyrénées, Département de Génétique Animale of Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Agencia Nacional de Investigacion e Innovacion (grant PD NAC 2013 1 10964), Universidad de la Republica, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de Recherches Avicoles (URA), Génome et Transcriptome - Plateforme Génomique (GeT-PlaGe), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Plateforme Génome & Transcriptome (GET), Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Pôle d'Expérimentation Avicole de Tours (UE PEAT), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), ANR-09-GENM-0008,SNP-BB,Recherche de QTL par marquage SNP pour des caractères de comportement social et de production chez l'oiseau(2009), ANR-07-GANI-0001,DELISUS,An integrated study of the haplotypic variability at the whole genome level on animals finely phenotyped from French porcine populations(2007), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), GenPhySE - UMR 1388 ( Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-ENVT, UMR 5219, Institut de Mathématiques, Université de Toulouse, Université Toulouse Le Mirail (Toulouse 2) ( UTM ), Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] ( PRC ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Recherches Avicoles ( SRA ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Pôle d'Expérimentation Avicole de Tours ( PEAT ), Dynamiques Forestières dans l'Espace Rural ( DYNAFOR ), Institut National Polytechnique [Toulouse] ( INP ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT], Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur] (IFCE)-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hubbard SAS, Partenaires INRAE, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Linkage disequilibrium, haplotype, [SDV.OT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT], Genotype, Genome-wide association study, Accounting, Biology, Genome, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, selection signatures, Linkage Disequilibrium, 03 medical and health sciences, ngs, Genomic Segment, Genetics, Animals, Computer Simulation, analyse génomique, [ SDV.OT ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT], Selection, Genetic, Association mapping, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Selection (genetic algorithm), Genetic association, Models, Genetic, business.industry, local score, génome, Haplotype, quail, scintigraphie, 030104 developmental biology, Haplotypes, scintiscanning, pool sequencing, génotype, business, simulation informatique
Abstract

Detecting genomic footprints of selection is an important step in the understanding of evolution. Accounting for linkage disequilibrium in genome scans increases detection power, but haplotype-based methods require individual genotypes and are not applicable on pool-sequenced samples. We propose to take advantage of the local score approach to account for linkage disequilibrium in genome scans for selection, cumulating (possibly small) signals from single markers over a genomic segment, to clearly pinpoint a selection signal. Using computer simulations, we demonstrate that this approach detects selection with higher power than several state-of-the-art single marker, windowing or haplotype-based approaches. We illustrate this on two benchmark data sets including individual genotypes, for which we obtain similar results with the local score and one haplotype-based approach. Finally, we apply the local score approach to Pool-Seq data obtained from a divergent selection experiment on behavior in quail, and obtain precise and biologically coherent selection signals: while competing methods fail to highlight any clear selection signature, our method detects several regions involving genes known to act on social responsiveness or autistic traits. Although we focus here on the detection of positive selection from multiple population data, the local score approach is general and can be applied to other genome scans for selection or other genome-wide analyses such as GWAS.

Published
2017

25. Unpredictable and repeated negative stimuli increased emotional reactivity in male quail

Author

Sophie Lumineau, Cécile Arnould, Agathe Laurence, Angélique Favreau-Peigné, Cécilia Houdelier, Aline Bertin, Marie-Annick Richard-Yris, Paul Constantin, Ludovic Calandreau, Christine Leterrier, Alain Boissy, Modélisation Systémique Appliquée aux Ruminants (MoSAR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Ethologie animale et humaine (EthoS), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), French National Research Agency, Emofarm Program (ANR-09BLAN-0339), ANR-09-BLAN-0339,EmoFarm,Modifications de la sensibilité émotionnelle et des capacités cognitives et sociales induites par le développement d'états affectifs durables chez les animaux d'élevage(2009), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur] (IFCE)-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Modélisation Systémique Appliquée aux Ruminants ( MoSAR ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -AgroParisTech, Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] ( PRC ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Ethologie animale et humaine ( EthoS ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ), Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores ( UMR 1213 Herbivores ), VetAgro Sup ( VAS ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), and ANR-09-BLAN-0339,EmoFarm,Modifications de la sensibilité émotionnelle et des capacités cognitives et sociales induites par le développement d'états affectifs durables chez les animaux d'élevage ( 2009 )

Subjects
[SDV.OT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT], bird, neophobia, Physiology, emotional reactivity, Developmental psychology, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Food Animals, Corticosterone, biology.animal, medicine, Tonic (music), 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Chronic stress, 050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology, [ SDV.OT ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT], Habituation, Reactivity (psychology), chronic stress, biology, 05 social sciences, Neophobia, medicine.disease, Quail, chemistry, Animal Science and Zoology, tonic immobility, Cage, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

International audience; Chronic stress is considered detrimental for an individual as it is a long-lasting negative emotional state, without or with a limited habituation. The reactivity and sensitivity of animals to stressors depend on the animal's organismic characteristics such as sex. In poultry, the studies dealing with chronic stress were mainly performed on females. Our study then focused on male quail and aimed at assessing the effect of unpredictable and repeated negative stimuli (URNS) on their general activity, tonic immobility, emotional reactivity to a human, a novel object, novel foods or when restrained in a crush cage, as well as on their plasma corticosterone concentrations. Quail were then left undisturbed or submitted to URNS during 6 weeks (n = 12 in each group). The results indicated that disturbed males spent a greater proportion of time far from the human than control ones (on the 1st test, 44.23 ± 5.28 vs 21.80 ± 6.12%, P = 0.01), probably to avoid the human. Disturbed males pecked at the novel object latter (P = 0.03) and less (P = 0.05) than controls. When restrained in a crush cage, disturbed quail were more often motionless than controls (13.49 ± 4.57 vs 4.76 ± 2.11%, P = 0.05). Disturbed quail ate a greater cumulative amount of mealworms (P = 0.05) or ate red maggots with a shorter latency compared to controls (P < 0.05 for the 2nd and 3rd red maggots, on the 2nd test). Concerning the general activity, disturbed males only showed less stereotypic behaviour than control ones after 14 days with URNS (1.4 ± 0.4 vs 4.9 ± 1.2% respectively, P = 0.03), but this difference disappeared after 34 days with URNS (P > 0.1). More importantly, stereotypic behaviours represented less than 5% of the time budget of both groups. URNS had however no effect on tonic immobility, general activity and corticosterone concentrations. This study demonstrated that URNS induced an increase of male quail's emotional reactivity to a human (when tested for the 1st time), to a novel object and when restrained in a crush cage. URNS also altered male quail's feeding behaviour. Disturbed quail were more interested by the novel foods than control quail presumably because they considered them as positive rewards after repeated exposures and they used them as a way to compensate their negative emotional state. All in all, our results demonstrated that URNS induced a chronic stress state in male quail that can have negative consequences on their welfare.

Published
2016

26. Yolk hormones influence in ovo chemosensory learning, growth, and feeding behavior in domestic chicks

Author

Aline, Bertin, Maryse, Meurisse, Cécile, Arnould, Christine, Leterrier, Paul, Constantin, Fabien, Cornilleau, Pascal, Vaudin, Thierry, Burlot, Joel, Delaveau, Christophe, Rat, Ludovic, Calandreau, Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Novogen, Pôle d'Expérimentation Avicole de Tours (UE PEAT), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Pôle d'Expérimentation Avicole de Tours (PEAT)

Subjects
chicks, [SDV.OT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT], animal structures, jaune d'oeuf, growth, yolk steroids, hormone, Chick Embryo, food habits, comportement animal, Fish Oils, Pregnancy, Animals, Learning, Testosterone, perception chimiosensorielle, Progesterone, Behavior, Animal, Estradiol, comportement alimentaire, Estrogens, Feeding Behavior, Egg Yolk, préférence alimentaire, Hormones, poussin, apprentissage, Animals, Newborn, Odorants, embryonic structures, feeding behaviors, oeuf, Androgens, chemosensory learning, maternal effects, gallus g. domesticus, Female, egg, Progestins, Chickens, food preferences, anomalie de la croissance
Abstract

In this study, we assessed whether prenatal exposure to elevated yolk steroid hormones can influence in ovo chemosensory learning and the behavior of domestic chicks. We simulated a maternal environmental challenge by experimentally enhancing yolk progesterone, testosterone, and estradiol concentrations in hen eggs prior to incubation. The embryos from these hormones-treated eggs (HO) as well as sham embryos (O) that had received the vehicle-only were exposed to the odor of fish oil (menhaden) between embryonic Days 11 and 20. An additional group of control embryos (C) was not exposed to the odor. All chicks were tested following hatching for their feeding preferences between foods that were or were not odorized with the menhaden odor. In the 3-min choice tests, the behavior of O chicks differed significantly according to the type of food whereas C and HO chicks showed no preference between odorized and non-odorized food. Our result suggests weaker response in HO chicks. In addition, HO chicks showed impaired growth and reduced intake of an unfamiliar food on the 24-h time scale compared to controls. Our data suggest that embryonic exposure to increased yolk hormone levels can alter growth, chemosensory learning, and the development of feeding behaviors.

Published
2016

27. Influence of increasing slaughter age of chickens on meat quality, welfare, and technical and economic results1

Author

V. Gigaud, Cécile Arnould, Pascal Chartrin, K. Meteau, M. Jlali, Frédéric Mercerand, E. Le Bihan-Duval, C. Durand, Elisabeth Baéza, and Cécile Berri

Subjects
2. Zero hunger, Litter (animal), Veterinary medicine, 040301 veterinary sciences, media_common.quotation_subject, 0402 animal and dairy science, Body fatness, Broiler, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Medicine, Animal husbandry, Biology, Production efficiency, 040201 dairy & animal science, 0403 veterinary science, Animal science, Lipid content, Genetics, Animal Science and Zoology, Slaughter age, Welfare, Food Science, media_common
Abstract

Because of the increasing demand for raw cuts and processed products, there is a trend to producing very heavy broilers. Breeds that are used for such kinds of production have been intensively selected for growth rate and breast meat yield, and birds are reared for a longer period than standard broilers. This study was to evaluate the effects of increasing slaughter age on technical and economic factors, including production efficiency and environmental costs, bird welfare, and breast meat quality in a modern heavy broiler line. Five groups of 300 male Ross 708 chickens were reared until slaughter ages of 35, 42, 49, 56, or 63 d. Increasing age at slaughter from 35 to 63 d resulted in a 7.4-fold increase (P < 0.01) in mortality rate (5.21 vs. 0.70%). It also increased (P < 0.001) the slaughter weight and ADFI of birds 2.5- and 1.4-fold, respectively, without affecting their G:F. Under our experimental conditions, economic profit evaluated through the net gain reached a maximum at 42 d. The moisture and ammonium content of litter increased (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively) rapidly during rearing concomitantly with increased (P < 0.05) occurrence and severity of contact dermatitis and decreased (P < 0.05) walking ability and activity of birds. Thermal comfort also decreased (P < 0.05) greatly as early as 42 d of age. Changes in carcass quality occurred mainly between 35 and 56 d of age, with a progressive increase (P < 0.001) in breast and leg yield, whereas body fatness was barely affected by age. Major changes in breast meat traits were observed between 35 and 49 d of age, with an increase in muscle pH at 15 min (P < 0.01) and 24 h (P < 0.001) postmortem and reduced (P < 0.001) lightness and drip loss. The protein and lipid content of raw breast meat also increased (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively) with age. Taking into account the main aspects of sustainability, we could recommend slaughtering chickens of heavy line at 42 d of age.

Published
2012

29. Exon 7 Deletion in the bcr-abl Gene Is Frequent in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients and Is Not Correlated with Resistance against Imatinib

Author

Thierry Lavabre-Bertrand, Carole Exbrayat, Sophie Bravo, Jean-Baptiste Gaillard, Daniel Donadio, Dorothée Reboul, Eric Jourdan, Cécile Arnould, and Jean Chiesa

Subjects
Cancer Research, DNA Mutational Analysis, Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl, Antineoplastic Agents, Drug resistance, Biology, Nucleic Acid Denaturation, Piperazines, Cohort Studies, Exon, Gene Frequency, Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive, hemic and lymphatic diseases, medicine, Humans, Protein Isoforms, Genetic Testing, neoplasms, Genetic Association Studies, ABL, Point mutation, Temperature, Myeloid leukemia, Imatinib, Exons, medicine.disease, Molecular biology, Leukemia, Pyrimidines, Imatinib mesylate, Oncology, Drug Resistance, Neoplasm, Benzamides, Imatinib Mesylate, Gene Deletion, medicine.drug
Abstract

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients treated with imatinib develop frequent resistance generally due to a point mutation. Recently, large rearrangements of abl sequence have also been described. In this study, we focused on the complete deletion of exon 7. We screened for bcr-abldelexon7 in 63 resistant patients by high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis and direct sequencing. Moreover, we analyzed expression of abldelexon7 and bcr-abldelexon7 in 17 CML patients at diagnosis, 32 patients at resistance, and 20 negative controls by quantitative PCR or fragment length analysis. bcr-abldelexon7 was detected on 34 (54%) among 63 resistant patients by HRM, showing an increase in the sensitivity of screening, because only 3.2% could be detected by direct sequencing. This deletion was not associated with a point mutation (P = 0.3362). In addition, abldelexon7 was found in all tested samples with the same pattern of expression, suggesting an alternative splicing mechanism. In the bcr-abl component, there was no statistical difference between CML patients at diagnosis and resistant patients (P = 0.2815) as regarding bcr-abldelexon7 proportion, thus arguing against involvement of deletion in resistance. Moreover, among two patients harboring bcr-abldelexon7 at diagnosis, one experienced a complete disappearance of this transcript, and the other decreased >75% at resistance. In conclusion, bcr-abldelexon7 is frequently observed in CML patients when using sensitive techniques. It seems to be the result of an alternative splicing mechanism and to be independent from the occurrence of resistance. Mol Cancer Ther; 9(11); 3083–9. ©2010 AACR.

Published
2010

30. In Ovo Olfactory Experience Influences Post-hatch Feeding Behaviour in Young Chickens

Author

Frédéric Lévy, Raymond Nowak, Christine Leterrier, Virginie Noirot, Aline Bertin, Cécile Arnould, Isabelle Bouvarel, and Ludovic Calandreau

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, animal structures, 05 social sciences, Physiology, Sensory system, Anatomy, Olfaction, Biology, Familiar food, In ovo, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Olfactory stimulus, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Animal Science and Zoology, 050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology, Olfactory Learning, Prenatal exposure, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Volume concentration
Abstract

In several mammalian species, prenatal exposure to odours can elicit later positive consummatory behaviour in response to substrates bearing that odorant. In birds, the sense of smell has been considerably underestimated, and very little is known about the effects of early sensory experience on the regulation of feeding behaviour. We tested the hypothesis that the feeding behaviour of the domestic chicken could be regulated by olfactory learning during the embryonic life. To that end, chicken embryos were exposed to an olfactory stimulus (blend of essential oil of orange and nature identical vanillin) from embryonic day (ED) 12 to ED20, and chicks were tested between 4 and 9 d of age. In short-term choice tests, at day 4 and 5, chickens previously exposed to a low concentration (LC) of the olfactory stimulus spent a higher proportion of time eating a familiar or an unfamiliar food bearing the olfactory stimulus compared to non-exposed control chickens. Conversely, chickens previously exposed to a high concentration (HC) of the olfactory stimulus were found to avoid all foods bearing the olfactory stimulus. On a 24- h time scale at day 7-8, LC and HC birds, but not controls, ingest significantly less familiar food containing the olfactory stimulus. This result indicated a long-term effect of the early olfactory experience on feeding preferences. We demonstrated that chickens can utilize information from their pre-hatch chemosensory environment to guide their later feeding behaviour. A pre-hatch effect of the intensity of odour signals in the regulation of feeding behaviour is reported here for the first time.

Published
2010

31. Emotional reactivity of Japanese quail chicks with high or low social motivation reared under unstable social conditions

Author

Cécile Schweitzer, Cécile Arnould, Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, animal structures, Social condition, media_common.quotation_subject, medicine.medical_treatment, Animal-assisted therapy, Developmental psychology, Food Animals, biology.animal, EMOTION, medicine, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, 050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology, media_common, biology, 05 social sciences, 0402 animal and dairy science, CRAINTE, Social environment, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 040201 dairy & animal science, Quail, embryonic structures, Social relationship, HUBzero, Animal Science and Zoology, REACTIVITE EMOTIONNELLE, Psychology, Welfare, Social psychology, COMPORTEMENT SOCIAL, Social motivation
Abstract

Repeated encounters with unfamiliar conspecifics in large groups of domestic birds create a potentially stressful social environment which can affect the birds' emotional reactivity and consequently their welfare. As social relationships between young quail are particularly influenced by their social motivation (i.e., the motivation to seek close proximity with conspecifics), it is likely that the reaction of quail to repeated encounters with strangers depends on their social motivation. The aim of this study was to assess the emotional reactivity of quail chicks with high (HSR) or low (LSR) social motivation housed under stable and unstable social conditions. Quail chicks were housed either in stable pairs, i.e. remaining with the same cagemate until testing (N(HSR) = 19 and N(LSR) = 18 pairs), or in unstable pairs, i.e. changing cagemate daily from 6 to 13 days of age (N(HSR) 20 and N(LSR) = 19 pairs). Emotional reactivity was measured using a novel object test on day 14, and an emergence test and a tonic immobility test on day 15. The social condition affected the number of induction attempts of quail chicks in the tonic immobility test but only in the LSR ones. This number of inductions was lower under the stable than under the unstable social condition in this line. Moreover, the HSR chicks showed greater disturbance than the LSR ones in the three behavioural tests. In conclusion, social instability did not affect the emotional reactivity of HSR quail chicks, which was high, regardless of social condition. In contrast, repeated cagemate changes seemed to decrease the emotional reactivity of LSR quail chicks. These results suggest that low social motivation makes easier the adaptation to the potential social instability encountered in large flocks. (c) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
2010

33. Impact des conditions de pré-abattage sur le stress et le bien-être des animaux d’élevage

Author

E. Le Bihan-Duval, L. Mounier, Florence Lefèvre, E. M. C. Terlouw, B. Auperin, Cécile Arnould, and Cécile Berri

Abstract

Malgré les progrès de ces dernières années, la période de pré-abattage est une source de stress pour les animaux. Les procédés d’abattage nécessitent des regroupements et des mélanges d’animaux, l’enlèvement du milieu habituel et l’introduction dans des environnements non familiers, le transport, la manipulation par l’homme et le jeûne, et entraînent parfois des mauvaises conditions d’ambiance. Ils sont souvent générateurs de stress d’origine physique (fatigue, faim, douleur, inconfort physique) et psychologique (peur, stress social). Les techniques d’étourdissement sont parfois mal maîtrisées ou mal adaptées. Ces procédés entraînent des réponses comportementales, physiologiques et métaboliques qui sont utilisées pour évaluer le niveau de stress de l’animal. Afin de mieux respecter le bien-être animal à l’abattage, il est nécessaire d’élargir nos connaissances des causes de stress. L’effet négatif que peuvent avoir ces réponses sur les qualités des viandes est succinctement abordé.

Published
2007

34. Bien-être animal en élevage de poulets de chair

Author

Christine Leterrier and Cécile Arnould

Subjects
volaille, poulet, gallus gallus, élevage, Sciences agricoles, Agricultural sciences, BIEN-ETRE ANIMAL
Abstract

L’élevage des poulets de chair s’est intensifié ces dernières décennies et de nombreux problèmes de bien-être animal sont apparus, en particulier chez les poulets standards et les reproducteurs à l’origine de ces croisements. Les poulets standards ont un niveau d’activité très faible et ils sont notamment atteints de troubles locomoteurs, de lésions cutanées et de pathologies cardio-vasculaires. Des solutions à ces altérations du bien-être peuvent être apportées en contrôlant des facteurs liés aux conduites d’élevage (densité, ventilation, aménagement de l’environnement, alimentation, lumière) et en utilisant des génotypes plus appropriés. Les reproducteurs, quant à eux, sont soumis à des programmes de rationnement sévères, entraînant de la faim et une frustration que l’on essaye de limiter par des moyens génétiques et alimentaires. Une directive européenne sur la protection des poulets de chair devrait voir le jour prochainement. Elle devrait reposer sur une obligation de résultats : la densité d’élevage pourrait être modulée en fonction des taux de mortalité et de lésions cutanées (pododermatites) mesurés à l’abattoir sur les bandes précédentes., Chicken farming has become more intensive over the last decades and numerous welfare problems have arisen, especially in broilers and broiler breeders. The activity level of broiler chickens is very low and they are often affected by skin lesions, leg problems or cardiovascular disease. Improvement in welfare can be achieved by better control of certain rearing factors (stocking density, ventilation, complexity of the environment, feeding, light) and by using genotypes that are better suited to the rearing environment. Broiler breeders are subject to severe feeding restrictions inducing hunger and frustration that can be alleviated by genetic and nutritional means. A directive laying down minimum rules for the protection of chickens kept for meat production will be published shortly. The maximum stocking density allowed could be adjusted according to rates of mortality and skin lesions (pododermatitis) measured at the slaughterhouse.

Published
2007

35. Émotions et cognition : stratégie pour répondre à la question de la sensibilité des animaux

Author

H. Saint-Dizier, Sabine Roussel, Cécile Arnould, Christine Duvaux-Ponter, Alain Boissy, Christine Leterrier, S. Richard, Lara Désiré, D. Valance, Marie-Christine Meunier-Salaün, Elodie Chaillou, Violaine Colson, Lucile Greiveldinger, Unité de Recherches sur les Herbivores (URH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physiologie de la Nutrition et Alimentation (PNA), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Systèmes d'élevage, nutrition animale et humaine (SENAH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Modélisation Systémique Appliquée aux Ruminants (MoSAR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores ( UMR 1213 Herbivores ), VetAgro Sup ( VAS ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] ( PRC ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Modélisation Systémique Appliquée aux Ruminants ( MoSAR ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -AgroParisTech, Systèmes d'élevage, nutrition animale et humaine ( SENAH ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -AGROCAMPUS OUEST, AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

Subjects
cognition, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, alimentation animale, émotion, 05 social sciences, 0402 animal and dairy science, qualité de vie, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 040201 dairy & animal science, comportement animal, Agricultural sciences, BIEN ETRE, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, environnement social, 050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology, sensibilité, [ SDV.SA ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Sciences agricoles
Abstract

La notion de bien-être chez l’animal d’élevage n’a de sens que si on lui reconnaît la capacité à ressentir des émotions. Cependant, du fait de l’absence de langage verbal, le vécu émotionnel de l’animal est difficilement mesurable, ce qui a toujours rendu son étude délicate. Les travaux récents en psychologie cognitive montrent combien l’étude des interactions entre émotions et cognition est nécessaire pour accéder aux états affectifs de l’animal et tenter ainsi d’identifier les paramètres susceptibles d’affecter son bien-être. Ce texte comporte deux volets. Le premier volet s’appuie sur les théories de l’évaluation développées chez l’Homme, lesquelles suggèrent que le déclenchement des émotions résulte de processus cognitifs d’évaluation basés sur des critères élémentaires tels que la nouveauté et la prévisibilité. Sur la base de ce cadre théorique, nous avons engagé une approche sur les animaux d’élevage visant à définir les critères d’évaluation qu’ils utilisent, et à faciliter ainsi la compréhension de leurs émotions à partir de l’étude de la combinaison des critères impliqués. Le second volet de ce texte s’appuie sur les nombreuses études menées chez l’Homme et les animaux de laboratoire, qui suggèrent que les émotions peuvent en retour influencer les capacités cognitives de l’individu en altérant ses capacités attentionnelles et mnésiques. L’approfondissement de l’étude des interactions entre émotions et cognition offre donc de nouvelles perspectives de recherche pour mieux comprendre les conditions de bien-être des animaux en élevage., Assessment of farm animal welfare requires a good understanding of the animals' affective experience, including their emotions. However, this is difficult to measure because of the absence of verbal communication. Recent studies in the field of cognitive psychology have shown that affective states can be assessed through investigation of the interactions between emotions and cognition. On the one hand, theories of the way humans appraise situations provide a conceptual framework that suggests that emotions are triggered by cognitive appraisal processes based on few elementary criteria such as novelty and predictability. In accordance with appraisal theories, we have developed an experimental approach to study the elementary criteria used by farm animals to evaluate their environment and then express a given emotional response. On the other hand, an increasing number of studies in humans and animals suggest that emotions also influence cognitive processes by modifying attention, memory and judgement. Measurement and manipulation of cognitive processes may provide new insights into how emotions and more persistent affective states in animals can be assessed. Further work on these cognitive approaches will offer new paradigms for a better understanding of the welfare of farm animals.

Published
2007

36. Dustbathing, pecking and scratching behaviours of laying hens in furnished cages are enhanced by the presence of rubber mats and litter distribution

Author

Virginie Michel, M. Guinebretière, Cécile Arnould, Université de Brest (UBO), Unité Epidémiologie et Bien-Etre en Aviculture et Cuniculture, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), French Compte d'Affectation Speciale Developpement Agriculture Rurale, Brittany Region, General Councils of the French departements, Comite National de la Promotion de l'CEuf (Paris), Union des Groupements des Producteurs de Viande de Bretagne (Rennes), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Litter (animal), [SDV.OT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT], Pecking order, Furnished cages, Laying, Animal science, Food Animals, Natural rubber, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, 050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology, Council directive, housing conditions, Mathematics, Communication, business.industry, poultry, 05 social sciences, 0402 animal and dairy science, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Scratching, 040201 dairy & animal science, behaviour, welfare, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Animal Science and Zoology, business, Cage, group size
Abstract

Furnished cages for laying hens exist in a wide variety of sizes and designs and should be equipped to allow hens to express some of their behavioural priorities. European Council Directive 1999/74/EC stipulates that litter must be provided for pecking and scratching but the type of litter and the pad where litter is delivered are not defined. In the same way, neither the maximum nor the optimum number of birds per cage has been defined. Two successive experiments were carried out to analyse pecking, scratching (PS) and dustbathing (DB) behaviours performed in different furnished cages with different designs. Three group sizes of ISA brown laying hens (20, 40 or 60 hens, with the same density in all the cages), with or without additional feed distribution as litter substrate, were compared in the first experiment. The second experiment focussed on DB behaviour and compared two pecking and scratching pads (artificial turf or rubber mats), with or without wheat bran distribution as litter substrate, in groups of 60 hens per cage. Irrespective of litter presence, group size, and type of pad, DB and PS were mainly performed in the pecking and scratching area, showing the attractiveness of this area. In the first experiment, feed–litter provision in pecking and scratching area increased PS and DB behaviours, while group size did not affect them. In the second experiment, hens performed more DB in the pecking and scratching area when wheat-bran litter was present than when it was absent. Rubber matting was more attractive to hens for DB than artificial turf matting. Durations of DB bouts were not affected by the presence or absence of wheat-bran litter or the choice of pecking and scratching pad. In furnished cages, hens clearly seek out pads and litter to perform PS, and providing litter (feed or wheat bran) or rubber in pecking and scratching area is attractive for hens to DB in it. However, the cage design could be improved to promote more DB activity, for instance by increasing space of pecking and scratching area in the cage.

Published
2015

37. Stress en élevage et à l’abattage : impacts sur les qualités des viandes

Author

Claudia Terlouw, Cécile Arnould, Brigitte Picard, Cécile Berri, Bénédicte Lebret, Elisabeth Duval, Isabelle Cassar-Malek, Cécile Bourguet, Florence Lefèvre, Véronique Deiss, Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Bureau d'Etudes et Travaux de Recherches en Ethologie (ETRE), Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Recherches Avicoles (SRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire de Physiologie et Génomique des Poissons (LPGP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] (PEGASE), AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de Recherches Avicoles (URA), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Brigitte Picard, Bénédicte Lebret, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores ( UMR 1213 Herbivores ), VetAgro Sup ( VAS ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Bureau d'Etudes et Travaux de Recherches en Ethologie ( ETRE ), Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] ( PRC ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Recherches Avicoles ( SRA ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Laboratoire de Physiologie et Génomique des Poissons ( LPGP ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] ( PEGASE ), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -AGROCAMPUS OUEST

Subjects
2. Zero hunger, bovin, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], qualité de la viande, qualité de la chair, réactivité émotionnelle, abattage, sensibilité au stress, mécanisme moléculaire, volaille, mécanisme physiologique, ovin, poisson, stress d'abattage, animal, porc
Abstract

On sait depuis longtemps que lorsque les animaux sont stressés pendant la période de l’abattage, le risque de produire des viandes avec des défauts de qualité, notamment les viandes exsudatives et à coupe sombre, augmente. Des études récentes basées sur des approches comportementales, physiologiques et/ou génomiques montrent que des niveaux de stress modérés au cours de l’abattage peuvent également influencer les qualités technologiques et/ou sensorielles des viandes de porc, de bovin, d’ovin, de volaille et des chairs de poisson, expliquant jusqu’à 70% de la variabilité des composantes de qualité entre les animaux. La réactivité au stress d’abattage varie selon les individus et peut être partiellement prédite à partir de leurs réactions lors de tests de réactivité réalisés pendant l’élevage. La réactivité au stress d’un animal dépend en partie de ses expériences antérieures et de son patrimoine génétique. En plus des questions relatives au bien-être animal à l’abattage, il est nécessaire aujourd’hui de mieux comprendre les mécanismes sous-jacents aux effets négatifs du stress sur les qualités des viandes. L’espèce doit être prise en considération, car les causes de stress à l’abattage et les critères de qualité de viandes optimaux varient selon l’espèce. Les mécanismes biologiques impliqués dans les effets du stress sur la viande et la chair varient également en fonction de l’espèce., It has long been known that stress during the slaughter period may result in the production of meat with major quality defects, particularly exudative and dark-cutting meat. Recent studies using behavioural, physiological and/or genomic approaches found that less extreme stress levels during slaughter may also influence technological and/or sensory qualites of meat from pigs, cattle, sheep, poultry and fish flesh, sometimes explaining over 70% of inter-animal variability in quality. Stress reactivity at slaughter varies between individuals and may be predicted from their reactions to stressful challenges during the rearing period. The stress reactivity of an animal depends partly on its earlier experiences and genetic background. In addition to slaughter-related animal welfare questions, today’s challenge is to increase our understanding of the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of stress on meat quality. The different species should be taken into account, as the causes of stress at slaughter and criteria for optimal meat quality are species-specific. In addition, the biological mechanisms underlying the effect of stress on meat and flesh quality partly differ between species.

Published
2015

38. Environmental enrichment reduces behavioural alterations induced by chronic stress in Japanese quail

Author

Cécilia Houdelier, Cécile Arnould, Sophie Lumineau, Christine Leterrier, A. Laurence, Ludovic Calandreau, Alain Boissy, Angélique Favreau-Peigné, Ethologie animale et humaine (EthoS), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modélisation Systémique Appliquée aux Ruminants (MoSAR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, ANR-09-BLAN-0339 - EmoFarm, ANR-09-BLAN-0339,EmoFarm,Modifications de la sensibilité émotionnelle et des capacités cognitives et sociales induites par le développement d'états affectifs durables chez les animaux d'élevage(2009), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur] (IFCE)-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Ethologie animale et humaine ( EthoS ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ), Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] ( PRC ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Modélisation Systémique Appliquée aux Ruminants ( MoSAR ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -AgroParisTech, Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores ( UMR 1213 Herbivores ), VetAgro Sup ( VAS ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), and ANR-09-BLAN-0339,EmoFarm,Modifications de la sensibilité émotionnelle et des capacités cognitives et sociales induites par le développement d'états affectifs durables chez les animaux d'élevage ( 2009 )

Subjects
Male, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, medicine.medical_specialty, enrichment, [SDV.OT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT], animal structures, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Coturnix, Environment, Biology, Emergence test, SF1-1100, Stress, Physiological, biology.animal, Internal medicine, parasitic diseases, medicine, Animals, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Chronic stress, 050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology, [ SDV.OT ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT], Animal Husbandry, development, Environmental enrichment, Behavior, Animal, 05 social sciences, fungi, 0402 animal and dairy science, Fear, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, quail, Animal Feed, Housing, Animal, 040201 dairy & animal science, Quail, Animal culture, behaviour, welfare, Endocrinology, Blood chemistry, environmental enrichment, Female, Animal Science and Zoology
Abstract

International audience; Animals perceiving repeated aversive events can become chronically stressed. Chronic activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis can have deleterious consequences on physiological parameters (e.g. BW, blood chemistry) and behaviour (e.g. emotional reactivity, stereotypies, cognition). Environmental enrichment (EE) can be a mean to reduce animal stress and to improve welfare. The aim of this study was first, to assess the effects of EE in battery cages on the behaviour of young Japanese quail and second, to evaluate the impact of EE on quail exposed to chronic stress. The experiment involved quail housed in EE cages and submitted or not to a chronic stress procedure (CSP) (EE cages, control quail: n=16, CSP quail: n=14) and quail housed in standard cages and exposed or not to the CSP (standard non-EE cages, control quail: n=12, CSP quail: n=16). Our procedure consisted of repeated aversive events (e.g. ventilators, delaying access to food, physical restraint, noise) presented two to five times per 24 h, randomly, for 15 days. During CSP, EE improved quail's welfare as their stereotypic pacing decreased and they rested more. CSP decreased exploration in all quail. After the end of CSP, quail presented increased emotional reactivity in emergence test. However, the effect of EE varied with test. Finally, chronic stress effects on comfort behaviours in the emergence test were alleviated by EE. These results indicate that EE can alleviate some aspects of behavioural alterations induced by CSP.

Published
2015

39. Retention of individual recognition in chicks and the effects of social experience

Author

Sophie Hild, Cécile Arnould, Leslie Simac, Richard H. Porter, ProdInra, Migration, Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de Recherches Avicoles (URA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, animal structures, Memoria, 05 social sciences, Gallus gallus domesticus, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Social relation, Developmental psychology, [SDV.SA.SPA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Animal production studies, Social experience, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Animal Science and Zoology, [SDV.SA.SPA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Animal production studies, 050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology, 10. No inequality, Psychology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Recognition memory
Abstract

Young domestic fowl chicks, Gallus gallus domesticus, discriminate between familiar and unfamiliar agemates. We investigated the retention of individual discrimination and the effects of social experience on such recognition memory. In the first series of experiments, chicks were paired with an initial social partner (I) for 22.5 or 42 h. These I pairs were then separated and each chick was housed with a new partner (Recent: R) for about 19 h. During subsequent tests, interactions between I partners did not differ from those of unfamiliar test pairs. However, chicks in R pairs pecked at their partners less frequently during the test trials and spent more time in physical contact than did unfamiliar pairs. Chicks in two additional experiments were similarly housed in pairs with an initial partner, then either isolated or housed with a new partner in an unlit room. After these treatment procedures, chicks in both experiments pecked at lower frequencies when tested with their I partner compared to an unfamiliar agemate. We conclude that retention of a memory trace of a social partner depends upon the chicks' intervening experience during the separation period. Exposure to a second individual interferes with the recognition memory of the first partner. Furthermore, the negative effect of the second partner on the retention of a memory trace of a previous partner depends on familiarization with the second partner's visual phenotype.

Published
2006

40. Behavioural and physiological responses of three chicken breeds to pre-slaughter shackling and acute heat stress

Author

N. Jehl, E. Le Bihan-Duval, Y. Jego, Cécile Berri, Cécile Arnould, Catherine Beaumont, M. Debut, Daniel Guemene, Elisabeth Baéza, Véronique Santé-Lhoutellier, Nadine Sellier, Unité de Recherches Avicoles (URA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Station de recherches sur la viande, ITAVI, Hubbard, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Blood Glucose, Restraint, Physical, medicine.medical_specialty, Sh groups, Hot Temperature, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Pre slaughter, Biology, Animal Welfare, Heat Stress Disorders, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Stress, Physiological, Corticosterone, Internal medicine, [SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, medicine, Animals, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, Lactic Acid, Muscle, Skeletal, Creatine Kinase, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, Acid-Base Equilibrium, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, Behavior, Animal, Stunning, 0402 animal and dairy science, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Medicine, 040201 dairy & animal science, Physiological responses, Heat stress, Endocrinology, chemistry, Standard line, Female, Animal Science and Zoology, Chickens, Creatine kinase activity, Abattoirs, Food Science
Abstract

1. The aim of this study was to compare the behavioural and physiological responses to hanging and acute heat stress in three different chicken breeds. Chicks were obtained from a slow-growing French 'Label Rouge' line (SGL), a fast-growing standard line (FGL) and a heavy line (HL). The SGL, FGL and HL birds were slaughtered at their respective market ages of 12, 6 and 6 weeks, in an attempt to achieve similar body weights. Before stunning, birds were either shackled by their legs on the moving line for 2 min (shackling stress: SH) or placed in a room at 35 degrees C and 60% of humidity for 3.5 h and then shackled for 2 min (acute heat stress plus shackling: H + SH) or subjected to minimal stress by shackling for 10 s before stunning (control group: C). 2. Bird physiological responses to the three pre-slaughter treatments were estimated by measuring blood corticosterone, glycaemia, creatine kinase activity, acid-base status and electrolyte concentration as well as lactate content and glycolytic potential in the breast (Pectoralis major) and thigh (Ilio tibialis) muscles. Behavioural responses to shackling stress were evaluated by measuring wing flapping duration, straightening up attempts and vocalisations. 3. Blood corticosterone was higher in SH and H+SH groups than in the C group, regardless of genotype. The struggling activity on the shackle line differed among chicken breeds. It was more intense and occurred more rapidly after hanging in the SGL birds than in both other breeds. Furthermore, SGL struggling activity was not affected by hanging duration while it increased with hanging duration in FGL and HL birds. 4. Wing flapping duration was negatively correlated with blood pH, bicarbonate concentration and positively correlated with breast muscle lactate content, indicating that struggling stimulated antemortem glycolysis activity in breast muscle. Acute heat stress affected blood Ca2+ and Na+ concentration and increased glycaemia and glycolytic potential of thigh muscle. 5. Both acute heat stress and shackling before slaughter were experienced as stressful events by all types of birds.

Published
2005

41. Use of pen space and activity of broiler chickens reared at two different densities

Author

Jean-Michel Faure and Cécile Arnould

Subjects
2. Zero hunger, Veterinary medicine, animal structures, 040301 veterinary sciences, medicine.medical_treatment, Broiler, 0402 animal and dairy science, Animal-assisted therapy, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Biology, 040201 dairy & animal science, Human animal bond, 0403 veterinary science, Animal science, Pet therapy, Food Animals, Low density, medicine, HUBzero, Animal Science and Zoology, Scan sampling, Foot (unit)
Abstract

A better understanding of the motivation of broiler chickens reared indoors to go to and remain in a different part of the pen (or not) could help to provide appropriate organisation of the rearing space on farms. This study was performed to determine whether broiler chickens reared in large pens (9m×5m) congregate in certain specific areas, and if so, where they congregate. The existence of lying areas was researched. Two areas were distinguished: one contained drinkers and feeders (DF area) and the other was free of equipment (Free area). In the first experiment the distribution (in the Free and DF areas) of two groups of chickens reared at a density of 2 birds/m 2 was compared in two pens with similar equipment to verify that the distributions obtained in each pen were similar. In the second experiment, the distributions of two groups of chickens reared at a density of 2 chickens/m 2 and two groups reared at a density of 15 chickens/m 2 were compared. The behaviour of 16 individually marked chickens per group was also assessed. Observations were performed by scan sampling method from weeks 4 to 6. The presence of cutaneous dermatitis and valgus and varus deformities was recorded at the end of the rearing period (day 42). The results indicated that chickens at the higher density mainly stayed and lay in the Free area. At the low density they preferred to stay and lie near drinkers and feeders and had limited use of the Free area. The presence of a large amount of available space in the Free area in the groups reared at 2 chickens/m 2 had no influence on the behaviours performed in this area as the frequencies of these behaviours were similar to those observed in the groups reared at 15 chickens/m 2 . The rearing density had a clear influence on the occurrence of foot pad and hock dermatitis but not on the occurrence of varus and valgus deformities. These results show that chickens spontaneously limited their physical effort and only rarely went to some parts of the pen when reared at low density. These results emphasise the need to find situations that could stimulate activities to avoid local densities that could have deleterious effects on health and comfort.

Published
2004

42. Variation of chicken technological meat quality in relation to genotype and preslaughter stress conditions

Author

N. Jehl, Y. Jego, Daniel Guemene, Catherine Beaumont, Cécile Berri, B Boutten, Nadine Sellier, Elisabeth Baéza, Cécile Arnould, M. Debut, E. Le Bihan-Duval, ProdInra, Migration, Unité de Recherches Avicoles (URA), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

Subjects
Quality Control, METABOLISME POST-MORTEM, PROCESSING QUALITY, Hot Temperature, Meat, Food Handling, STRESS DE PRE-ABATTAGE, 040301 veterinary sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Physical activity, Color, POSTMORTEM METABOLISM, [INFO] Computer Science [cs], Biology, 0403 veterinary science, Animal science, Species Specificity, Stress, Physiological, Genotype, Animals, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Muscle, Skeletal, Quality characteristics, Poultry Diseases, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 2. Zero hunger, CHICKENS, Behavior, Animal, INDICATEURS COMPORTEMENTAUX, 0402 animal and dairy science, Genetic Variation, PRESLAUGHTER STRESS, food and beverages, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Medicine, Anatomy, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, 040201 dairy & animal science, GENOTYPE, Heat stress, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Standard line, Food Technology, Animal Science and Zoology, Stress conditions, BEHAVIORAL ACTIVITY
Abstract

The present study was aimed at estimating the genetic variability between lines of breast and thigh meat quality (pH decline, color, drip loss, and curing-cooking yield) by comparing a slow-growing French label-type line (SGL) and a fast-growing standard line (FGL) of chickens exposed to different preslaughter stress conditions. The birds were slaughtered under optimal conditions or after exposure to 2 h of transport or acute-heat stress (2 h at 35 degrees C). Relationships between meat quality and stress sensitivity were investigated by measuring struggle during shackling and tonic immobility (TI) duration, 1 wk before slaughter, as an indicator of the basal level of fear of the birds. Although most of the meat quality indicators varied between the 2 lines, differences were muscle dependent. In concordance with a lower ultimate pH, curing-cooking yield of thigh meat was decreased for the FGL birds. In contrast, these birds had a higher curing-cooking yield and a lower drip loss of breast meat resulting from a less rapid pH decline in this muscle compared with SGL birds. Thigh meat characteristics were influenced by both preslaughter stresses, but no significant effects were detected for breast meat. The main effect of heat stress in thigh meat was a decrease of the ultimate pH and led to paler color and lower curing-cooking yield; opposite effects were obtained for transport. Breast meat was much more sensitive to physical activity of birds on the shackle line. Longer durations of wing flapping on the shackle line gave more rapid initial pH decline. Whatever the line, no relationship between TI duration and meat quality characteristics or activity was observed. The present study suggested that SGL birds could be at disadvantage due to more struggle during shackling and accelerated postmortem glycolysis, which is detrimental to the quality of breast meat.

Published
2003

43. Evidence of genetic relationships between sociality, emotional reactivity and production traits in Japanese quail

Author

Julien Recoquillay, Christine Leterrier, Ludovic Calandreau, Aline Bertin, Frédérique Pitel, David Gourichon, Alain Vignal, Catherine Beaumont, Elisabeth Le Bihan-Duval, Cécile Arnould, Unité de Recherches Avicoles (URA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Pôle d'Expérimentation Avicole de Tours (UE PEAT), ANR SNP-BB, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Social behavior, Selection, Bird, sélection génétique, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], oiseau, caille japonaise, réaction émotionnelle, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], comportement social, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2014

44. Genetic parameters and QTL detection of social behaviors, fear behaviors and production traits in Japanese Quail

Author

Julien Recoquillay, Christine Leterrier, Frédérique Pitel, Ludovic Calandreau, Aline Bertin, Alain Vignal, Catherine Beaumont, Carole Moreno, Cécile Arnould, Elisabeth Le Bihan-Duval, Unité de Recherches Avicoles (URA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
sociabilité animale, réaction de peur, QTL, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Sociability, Fear, Genetic parameters, paramètre génétique, Quail, détection de qtl, Selection, caille japonaise, comportement agressif, comportement sexuel, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], comportement social, test comportemental, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2014

45. Digestion and genetics in broilers

Author

Sandrine Grasteau, Agnès Narcy, Cécile Arnould, Aline Bertin, Marie Yvonne Boscher, Fabien Brossier, Fanny Calenge, Irène Gabriel, Edouard Guitton, Melynda Hassouna, Anne-Christine Lalmanach, Maria-Céleste Le Bourhis, Bertrand Méda, Pascale Quéré, Nicole Rideau, Catherine Schouler, Bernard Carré, Recherches Avicoles (SRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UAR 0241 Direction des Ressources Humaines, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Direction des Ressources Humaines (DRH)-Direction des Ressources Humaines (DRH), UR Infectiologie animale et Santé publique (UR IASP), Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative (GABI), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Plateforme d'Infectiologie Expérimentale (PFIE - INRA UE 1277), Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Pôle d'Expérimentation Avicole de Tours (PEAT), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité de Recherches Avicoles (URA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR ISP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours, Plateforme d'Infectiologie Expérimentale (PFIE), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Pôle d'Expérimentation Avicole de Tours (UE PEAT), Royal Veterinary College - University of London. GBR., Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours (UT), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

Subjects
Animal biology, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, sélection génétique, digestibilité, chicken, poultry, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, efficacité alimentaire, filière volaille, selection, sustainability, environnement, Agricultural sciences, durabilité de l'élevage, digestibility, Biologie animale, feed efficiency, genetics, Sciences agricoles, poulet de chair
Abstract

absent

Published
2014

46. The choice of litter material to promote pecking, scratching and dustbathing behaviours in laying hens housed in furnished cages

Author

Virginie Michel, M. Guinebretière, Cécile Arnould, Helen Beyer, Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB), Unité d'Epidémiologie et de Bien-être Avicole et Cunicole, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), French Compte d’Affectation Spéciale Développement Agriculture Rurale, Brittany Region, the General Councils of the French départements 29, 56, and 35, le Comité National de la Promotion de l’Œuf (Paris) et l'Union des Groupements des Producteurs de Viande de Bretagne (Rennes), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Litter (animal), Veterinary medicine, [SDV.OT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT], medicine.medical_treatment, Pecking order, Animal-assisted therapy, Furnished cages, Laying, behavioural preference, Animal science, Food Animals, litter, medicine, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, 050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology, housing conditions, Mathematics, Bran, poultry, 05 social sciences, 0402 animal and dairy science, choice test, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Scratching, 040201 dairy & animal science, Choice test, welfare, Animal Science and Zoology
Abstract

Since 2012 in the EU, cages for the housing of laying hens must provide nests, perches and a pecking and scratching area to promote natural behaviours and enhance animal welfare. Previous studies highlighted the difficulty of finding adequate materials for pecking and scratching areas in such cages, mainly due to hygiene problems and technical constraints. This study investigates whether alternative materials could stimulate dustbathing (DB), pecking, and scratching behaviours and examines if hens show any preferences for these materials compared to other well-known litter materials such as sand, peat and artificial turf. We set up two separate experiments: one to simultaneously compare four litter materials (wheat bran, sand, shell sand and peat) and one to simultaneously compare four alternative non-litter, pad-type solutions (plastic mat, artificial turf mat, a slightly friable experimental block made of wood and oyster shells, and a slightly friable experimental sand block). For each experiment, 15 groups of four hens were observed over four days in a multiple choice test. Wheat bran was found to promote pecking and scratching behaviours better than the other litters. Peat induced more dustbaths than wheat bran but duration of DB bouts was similar for both materials. However, the number of dustbaths in wheat bran increased throughout the test, while the duration of DB bouts decreased in peat, showing an increasing preference for wheat bran. The shell sand was found to be the least preferred for pecking, scratching and DB. In the second experiment, pads were found to be less attractive than litters for pecking, scratching, and DB. The plastic mat was very rarely used for DB compared to other solutions in the pad choice test. As hens rarely pecked or scratched any of the pads, no significant differences were noted between the four different types. However, experimental blocks stimulate DB as much as artificial turf mats and seem promising, as their use for DB increased throughout the test. This study shows that wheat bran could be an optimal litter for use in furnished cages to improve hen welfare. In addition, research on new experimental blocks is worth being developed, as it has the advantage of not needing to be renewed during a laying period.

Published
2014

47. Short- and long-term effects of unpredictable repeated negative stimuli on Japanese quail's fear of humans

Author

Sophie Lumineau, Alain Boissy, Agathe Laurence, Christine Leterrier, Cécile Arnould, Ludovic Calandreau, Cécilia Houdelier, Ethologie animale et humaine (EthoS), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, French National Research Agency (ANR), Emofarm Program [ANR-09BLAN-0339], ANR-09-BLAN-0339,EmoFarm,Modifications de la sensibilité émotionnelle et des capacités cognitives et sociales induites par le développement d'états affectifs durables chez les animaux d'élevage(2009), Ethologie animale et humaine ( EthoS ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ), Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] ( PRC ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores ( UMR 1213 Herbivores ), VetAgro Sup ( VAS ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), ANR-09-BLAN-0339,EmoFarm,Modifications de la sensibilité émotionnelle et des capacités cognitives et sociales induites par le développement d'états affectifs durables chez les animaux d'élevage ( 2009 ), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur] (IFCE)-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)

Subjects
Time Factors, Physiology, lcsh:Medicine, Molting, medicine.disease_cause, comportement animal, Poultry, stimuli, Postural control, Psychological stress, Habituation, Animal Husbandry, lcsh:Science, Small Animals, Animal Management, Avian Biology, Multidisciplinary, biology, Animal Behavior, Behavior, Animal, Agriculture, Anatomy, Fear, habituation, Quail, Physical Sciences, embryonic structures, peur de l'homme, Human learning, Statistics (Mathematics), Autre (Sciences du Vivant), Research Article, [SDV.OT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT], animal structures, Animal Types, Biostatistics, Body weight, Animal Welfare, Birds, Quails, biology.animal, caille japonaise, medicine, Animals, Humans, [ SDV.OT ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT], Statistical Methods, Habituation, Psychophysiologic, Behavior, lcsh:R, Biology and Life Sciences, Human being, Animal Feed, comportement humain, lcsh:Q, Veterinary Science, Zoology, test comportemental, Mathematics
Abstract

International audience; Numerous aversive events occur in poultry production, and if repeated and unpredictable, can result in an impaired welfare. Some events such as handling can be perceived negatively and it is of interest to understand how humans' behaviour could affect poultry's behaviours and especially its avoidance of humans. Our aim was to evaluate short- and long-lasting effects of a 3-week procedure involving unpredictable repeated negative stimuli (URNS) applied during the post-juvenile period on quail's reactivity to humans. We compared the reactions of two sets of quail: URNS was applied to one set (treated quail) and the other set was left undisturbed (control quail). When two weeks old, treated quail were exposed to a variety of negative stimuli, either applied automatically or involving human presence. One and seven weeks after the termination of the procedure, the reactivity of control and treated quail to a passive human being was evaluated. Furthermore, the experimenter with her hand on a trough containing a mealworm assessed the propensity of quail of both groups to habituate to feed close to a human being. In the presence of a seated observer, treated quail were more inhibited and more alert than control quail. Likewise, seven weeks after the end of the URNS procedure, more treated than control quail adopted a fear posture. Moreover, whereas control quail spent as much time in the different areas of their cages, treated quail spent more time in the rear part of their cages. Finally, whereas control quail habituated gradually to feed near the experimenter's hand, treated quail did not. All these tests evidence negative short- and long-term effects on treated quail's reactivity to a passive human being and on their habituation to a human being when her presence is positively reinforced. This highlights the importance of young poultry's experience with humans in production.

Published
2014

48. Emotionality modulates the effect of chronic stress on feeding behaviour in birds

Author

Agathe Laurence, Aline Bertin, Cécilia Houdelier, Alain Boissy, Bernard Gaultier, Sophie Lumineau, Cécile Arnould, Angélique Favreau-Peigné, Paul Constantin, Ludovic Calandreau, Marie-Annick Richard-Yris, Christine Leterrier, Modélisation Systémique Appliquée aux Ruminants ( MoSAR ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -AgroParisTech, Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] ( PRC ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Pôle d'Expérimentation Avicole de Tours ( PEAT ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Ethologie animale et humaine ( EthoS ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ), Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores ( UMR 1213 Herbivores ), VetAgro Sup ( VAS ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), ANR-09-BLAN-0339 - EmoFarm, ANR-09-BLAN-0339,EmoFarm,Modifications de la sensibilité émotionnelle et des capacités cognitives et sociales induites par le développement d'états affectifs durables chez les animaux d'élevage ( 2009 ), Favreau Peigne, Angélique, Modélisation Systémique Appliquée aux Ruminants (MoSAR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pôle d'Expérimentation Avicole de Tours (UE PEAT), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Ethologie animale et humaine (EthoS), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, ANR-09-BLAN-0339,EmoFarm,Modifications de la sensibilité émotionnelle et des capacités cognitives et sociales induites par le développement d'états affectifs durables chez les animaux d'élevage(2009), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Pôle d'Expérimentation Avicole de Tours (PEAT), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur] (IFCE)-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)

Subjects
Time Factors, Animal Nutrition, [ SDV.AEN ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, émotion, lcsh:Medicine, Physiology, Social and Behavioral Sciences, [ SDV.BA ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, Psychology, Chronic stress, lcsh:Science, Reactivity (psychology), Hypocaloric diet, Animal Management, Animal biology, Multidisciplinary, Animal Behavior, comportement alimentaire, Reproduction, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, Agriculture, Adaptation, Physiological, Quail, anhedonia, Mental Health, Alimentation et Nutrition, Medicine, Female, Analysis of variance, medicine.symptom, Research Article, Daily intake, Psychological Stress, emotion, Biology, Animal Welfare, motivation, Emotionality, biology.animal, Biologie animale, medicine, Genetics, caille japonaise, oiseau, Animals, Food and Nutrition, chronic stress, Analysis of Variance, Evolutionary Biology, lcsh:R, Body Weight, Anhedonia, Feeding Behavior, quail, genetic, stress chronique, lcsh:Q, Veterinary Science, Animal Genetics, Zoology, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Stress, Psychological
Abstract

International audience; Chronic stress is a long-lasting negative emotional state that induces negative consequences on animals' psycho-physiological state. This study aimed at assessing whether unpredictable and repeated negative stimuli (URNS) influence feeding behaviour in quail. Sixty-four quail were exposed to URNS from day 17 to 40, while 64 quail were undisturbed. Two lines divergently selected on their inherent emotionality were used to assess the effect of genetic factors on the sensitivity to URNS. All quail were submitted to a sequential feeding procedure (using two diets of different energetic values) which placed them in a contrasting situation. Behavioural tests were performed to assess the emotional reactivity of the two lines. Results confirmed that differences exist between them and that their emotional reactivity was enhanced by URNS. Diet preferences, motivation and daily intake were also measured. URNS did not change the preferences for the hypercaloric diet compared to the hypocaloric diet in choice tests, but they reduced daily intakes in both lines. Motivations for each diet were differently affected by URNS: they decreased the motivation to eat the hypercaloric diet in quail selected for their low inherent fearfulness whereas they increased the motivation to eat the hypocaloric diet in quail selected for their high inherent fearfulness, which suggested a devaluation process in the former and a compensatory behaviour in the later. Growth was furthermore reduced and laying delayed by URNS in both lines. In conclusion, the exposure to URNS induced interesting changes in feeding behaviour added with an increase in emotional reactivity and an alteration of production parameters. This confirms that both lines of quail experienced a chronic stress state. However differences in feed motivation and emotional reactivity between lines under chronic stress suggested that they experienced different emotional state and use different ways to cope with it depending on their genetic background.

Published
2014

49. A detailed analysis of the MECP2 gene: prevalence of recurrent mutations and gross DNA rearrangements in Rett syndrome patients

Author

Cécile Arnould, Orianne Labrune, Daniel Amsallem, Violaine Bourdon, Philippe Jonveaux, and Christophe Philippe

Subjects
congenital, hereditary, and neonatal diseases and abnormalities, Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone, Methyl-CpG-Binding Protein 2, Sequence analysis, Rett syndrome, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, MECP2, Conserved sequence, Rett Syndrome, Genetics, medicine, Humans, Coding region, 3' Untranslated Regions, Conserved Sequence, Genetics (clinical), Southern blot, Gene Rearrangement, Mutation, Base Sequence, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Gene rearrangement, medicine.disease, DNA-Binding Proteins, Repressor Proteins, Female
Abstract

Mutations in the X-linked methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 gene (MECP2) have been found to be a cause of Rett syndrome (RTT). In order to provide further insights into the distribution and the spectrum of mutations, we investigated, in addition to the whole coding sequence, a phylogenetically conserved sequence within the 3' untranslated region (3' UTR) of the MECP2 gene for 55 sporadic RTT, including 47 typical and 8 nonclassical cases. We have developed an approach based on conformation-sensitive gel electrophoresis, sequence analysis and, for the first time, Southern blot analysis. Mutation detection, including unreported gross DNA rearrangements, was achieved in 79% of classical RTT and 25% of nonclassical RTT patients. The high prevalence of recurrent mutations allows us to propose a molecular diagnosis strategy for RTT.

Published
2001

50. Detection de SNP chez la caille : production d'un outil commum pour des programmes scientifiques multiples

Author

Sophie Leroux, Patrice Dehais, Alain Vignal, Olivier Bouchez, Thomas Faraut, David Gourichon, Sandrine Riviere, Ludovic Calandreau, Aline Bertin, Bertrand Bed'Hom, Julien Recoquillay, Elisabeth Duval, Catherine Beaumont, Marie-Noelle Rossignol, Cécile Arnould, Christine Leterrier, Frederique Pitel, Francis Minvielle, Laboratoire de Génétique Cellulaire ( LGC ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, GeT PlaGe, Genotoul, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Pôle d'Expérimentation Avicole de Tours ( PEAT ), Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] ( PRC ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative ( GABI ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -AgroParisTech, Recherches Avicoles ( SRA ), Laboratoire d'Analyses Génétiques pour les Espèces Animales ( LABOGENA ), ANR SNP-BB, AIP INRA Bioresources 'Pyresavi' et AAP INRA Département de Génétique Animale 'Genocot', Laboratoire de Génétique Cellulaire (LGC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Génome et Transcriptome - Plateforme Génomique (GeT-PlaGe), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Plateforme Génome & Transcriptome (GET), Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Pôle d'Expérimentation Avicole de Tours (UE PEAT), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative (GABI), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Unité de Recherches Avicoles (URA), Laboratoire d'Analyse Génétique pour les Espèces Animales (LABOGENA), Institut Technique de l'Aviculture et des Elevages de Petits Animaux (ITAVI). Nouzilly, FRA. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA). Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), FRA., Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Pôle d'Expérimentation Avicole de Tours (PEAT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Recherches Avicoles (SRA), and Laboratoire d'Analyses Génétiques pour les Espèces Animales (LABOGENA)

Subjects
[SDV.OT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT], [ SDV.OT ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT]
Abstract

Texte intégral sur CD ROM p:596-600"Chantier qualité spécifique "Auteurs Externes" département de Génétique animale : uniquement liaison auteur au référentiel HR-Access "; absent

Published
2013

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