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As a step of a doctoral research project, in this study a live-type nosode was prepared from microorganism Mycoplasmagallisepticum strain R (ATCC 93-08/19610) according to Costa model and the rules by Brazilian Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia. Live nosode was tested in vitro to assess safety when used to immunize domestic fowl (Gallus gallus) against infection by this microorganism and to investigate its behavior under laboratory conditions. M. gallisepticum was not shown to grow in fluid (broth) and solid (plate) modified Frey medium with dilutions 11d, 12d, 20d and 30d. Inhibition halos about 2.0 mm were observed around paper disks impregnated with live-type nosode in microorganism-sown Petri dishes, whereas disks impregnated with conventional antibiotic oxytetracycline exhibited 8.0 mm inhibition halos. Protein assessment by Folin-Lowry method showed protein absence in dilutions 12d and 30d and neither microbial DNA traces were found in PCR assay in dilutions 12d, 20d and 30d.

This retrospective controlled clinical study aimed to verify if intensive neurorehabilitation (INR) could improve ambulation faster than spontaneous recovery or conventional physiotherapy and provide a possible therapeutic approach in post-surgical paraplegic deep pain perception-positive (DPP+) (with absent/decreased flexor reflex) and DPP-negative (DDP−) dogs, with acute intervertebral disc extrusion. A large cohort of T10-L3 Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) dogs (n = 367) were divided into a study group (SG) (n = 262) and a control group (CG) (n = 105). The SG was based on prospective clinical cases, and the CG was created by retrospective medical records. All SG dogs performed an INR protocol by the hospitalization regime based on locomotor training, electrical stimulation, and, for DPP−, a combination with pharmacological management. All were monitored throughout the process, and measuring the outcome for DPP+ was performed by OFS and, for the DPP−, by the new Functional Neurorehabilitation Scale (FNRS-DPP−). In the SG, DPP+ dogs had an ambulation rate of 99.4% (n = 167) and, in DPP−, of 58.5% (n = 55). Moreover, in DPP+, there was a strong statistically significant difference between groups regarding ambulation (p &lt, 0.001). The same significant difference was verified in the DPP– dogs (p = 0.007). Furthermore, a tendency toward a significant statistical difference (p = 0.058) regarding DPP recovery was demonstrated between groups. Of the 59 dogs that did not recover DPP, 22 dogs achieved spinal reflex locomotion (SRL), 37.2% within a maximum of 3 months. The progressive myelomalacia cases were 14.9% (14/94). Therefore, although it is difficult to assess the contribution of INR for recovery, the results suggested that ambulation success may be improved, mainly regarding time.

Simple Summary A non-invasive neurorehabilitation multimodal protocol (NRMP) may be applicable to chronic T3-L3 dogs 3 months after undergoing surgery for acute Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD) Hansen type I; this protocol has been shown to be safe, feasible, and potentially effective at improving ambulation in both open field score (OFS) 0 and OFS 1 dogs. The specific sample population criteria limit the number of dogs included, mainly due to owners withdrawing over time. Thus, the present case series study aimed to demonstrate that an NRMP could contribute to a functional treatment possibly based on synaptic and anatomic reorganization of the spinal cord. Abstract This case series study aimed to evaluate the safety, feasibility, and positive outcome of the neurorehabilitation multimodal protocol (NRMP) in 16 chronic post-surgical IVDD Hansen type I dogs, with OFS 0/DPP− (n = 9) and OFS 1/DPP+ (n = 7). All were enrolled in the NRMP for a maximum of 90 days and were clinically discharged after achieving ambulation. The NRMP was based on locomotor training, functional electrical stimulation, transcutaneous electrical spinal cord stimulation, and 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) pharmacological management. In the Deep Pain Perception (DPP)+ dogs, 100% recovered ambulation within a mean period of 47 days, reaching OFS ≥11, which suggests that a longer period of time is needed for recovery. At follow-up, all dogs presented a positive evolution with voluntary micturition. Of the DPP− dogs admitted, all achieved a flexion/extension locomotor pattern within 30 days, and after starting the 4-AP, two dogs were discharged at outcome day 45, with 78% obtaining Spinal Reflex Locomotion (SRL) and automatic micturition within a mean period of 62 days. At follow-up, all dogs maintained their neurological status. After the NRMP, ambulatory status was achieved in 88% (14/16) of dogs, without concurrent events. Thus, an NRMP may be an important therapeutic option to reduce the need for euthanasia in the clinical setting.

Neste trabalho foram gerados e validados modelos de estimativa da área da folha da espécie Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl. (castanheira-do-Brasil) a partir das medidas lineares do limbo foliar. Foram coletadas 1500 folhas em diferentes posições da copa de árvores adultas e jovens (em função do ciclo reprodutivo), sendo usadas 1000 e 500 folhas para calibração e validação estatísticas, respectivamente. Foram obtidos como medidas do limbo da folha: comprimento (C), largura (no centro da folha, na base e no ápice) e a área foliar real (AFR). A avaliação do desempenho estatístico (validação) foi realizada pelos indicativos erro médio (MBE), raiz quadrática do erro médio (RMSE) e índice de ajustamento de Willmott (dW). Apenas a medida de largura no centro da folha e do comprimento são suficientes para estimar a área da folha de B. excelsa., que pode ser dada pela equação AF = {0,8743*{(C*L)0,9790]}-1,84, independentemente da posição da folha e da idade planta. Palavras-chave: Bertholletia excelsa; análise de regressão; indicativos estatísticos. FIELD OF THE LIMBO FOLIAR OF CASTANHEIRA-DO-BRASIL WITH LINEAR MEASURES ABSTRACT: In this work, models of estimation of the leaf area of the species Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl. (Brazil nut) from the linear measurements of the leaf blade. 1500 leaves were collected in different positions of the crown of adult and young trees (depending on the reproductive cycle), using 1000 and 500 leaves for calibration and statistical validation, respectively. Leaf length (C), width (at the center of the leaf, at the base and at the apex) and leaf area (AFR) were obtained as measures of leaf limb. Statistical performance evaluation (validation) was performed using the mean error (MBE), root mean square error (RMSE) and Willmott's index of adjustment (dW). Only the width measure at the center of the leaf and the length are sufficient to estimate the area of the leaf of B. excelsa., Which can be given by the equation AF = {0.8743 * {(C * L) 0.9790]} -1.84, regardless of leaf position and plant age.Keywords: Bertholletia excelsa; regression analysis; statistical indicatives.

Objetivou-se neste trabalho gerar e validar 16 modelos simplificados para estimar a área do limbo foliar de árvores de Tectona grandis L. Foram coletadas folhas de árvores adultas em plantios homogêneos e em matrizes isoladas, nos estratos superior, médio e basal das copas, totalizando 1800 folhas. A área foliar real foi determinada usando o integrador de área foliar “Area Meter” (LI-3100C). Nos modelos de estimativa, considerou-se a área foliar como variável dependente, massa seca (MS) e as dimensões lineares da folha (comprimento – C e largura do meio da folha - L) como variáveis independentes. Para calibração e validação estatística, utilizou-se 70% e 30% das folhas, nesta ordem. Na avaliação do desempenho estatístico (validação) empregou-se o erro médio (MBE), raiz quadrática do erro médio (RMSE) e índice de ajustamento de Wilmott (dw). Empregou-se o método dos valores ponderados dos indicativos estatísticos (Vp) para definir qual a melhor modelo. Os modelos que empregam medidas conjuntas de C e L proporcionam melhores estimativas da área do limbo foliar de T. grandis, sendo indicado o modelo AF = 0,5776 C*L, que apresenta superestimava de 13,98 cm², espalhamento de 61,99 cm² e ajustamento de 0,99. Considerando a massa seca, recomenda-se o modelo AF = 91,9164 MS.Palavras-chave: Tectona grandis L.; indicativos estatísticos; morfometria foliar. ALLOMETRIC EQUATIONS FOR LEAF BLADE AREA ESTIMATION OF TEAK ABSTRACT: The objective of this work was to generate and validate 16 simplified models to estimate the leaf limb area of Tectona grandis L. trees. Leaves of adult trees were collected at homogeneous plantations and isolated matrices, in the upper, middle and basal strata of the crowns totalizing 1800 sheets. The actual leaf area was determined using the “Area Meter” leaf area integrator (LI-3100C). In the estimation models, the leaf area was considered as a dependent variable, dry mass and leaf linear dimensions (length - C and width of the middle leaf - L) as independent variables. For calibration and statistical validation, 70% and 30% of the leaves were used in this order. In the statistical performance evaluation (validation) we used the mean error (MBE), quadratic root mean error (RMSE) and Wilmott adjustment index (dw). We used the method of weighted values of statistical codes (Vp) to define the best model. Models employing C and L joint measurements provide better estimates of T. grandis leaf limb area, with the AF = 0.5776 C * L model being overestimated 13.98 cm², scattering 61.99. cm² and adjustment of 0.99. Considering the dry mass, the model AF = 91.9164 MS is recommended.Keywords: Tectona grandis L.; statistics indicatives; leaf morphometry.

Leaf area (LA) is an important parameter for physiological and phytotechnical studies and its measurement in a fast, accurate, and inexpensive way is essential and desirable. In this context, mathematical modeling is used as a tool to estimate leaf area from its relation with biometrical parameters and biomass. This study aimed to generate, validate, and determine the best mathematical estimation models of leaf area using the linear variables length (with and without petiole) and width of leaves and leaflets, in addition to dry mass of the native species Tabebuia roseoalba, Tabebuia impetiginosa and Handroanthus chrysotrichus collected in Sinop, Mato Grosso State (Brazil), between January and March 2014. The model assessment was performed by the method of weighted values of statistical indicators. The models based on linear measurements as independent variable that provided best performance of LA estimation for T. impetiginosa and T. roseoalba use the average leaflet width (Wla) measurements: LA=10.919×Wla1.854 and LA=6.196×Wla1.684, respectively. For H. chrysotrichus, the model was based on the length and width of leaves (L and W): LA=(0.383×L×W)+16.586. The best models of leaf area estimation considering dry mass (DM) were LA=119.510×DM−32.044×DM2 for H. chrysotrichus, LA=143.610×DM−6.383×DM2 for T. impetiginosa, and LA=90.623×DM for T. roseoalba. A área foliar (AF) é um importante parâmetro para estudos fisiológicos e fitotécnicos, e sua obtenção de forma rápida, precisa e com baixos custos é essencial e desejável. Neste contexto, a modelagem matemática é empregada como ferramenta para estimar a AF a partir de sua relação com parâmetros biométricos e biomassa. Este estudo objetivou gerar, validar e determinar os melhores modelos de estimativa matemática de AF utilizando as variáveis lineares comprimento (com e sem pecíolo) e largura das folhas e folíolos; e a partir de massa seca das espécies nativas Tabebuia roseoalba, Tabebuia impetiginosa e Handroanthus chrysotrichus coletadas em Sinop, Mato Grosso (Brasil) entre janeiro e março de 2014. A avaliação dos modelos foi realizada pelo método dos valores ponderados das estimativas estatísticas. Os modelos baseados em medidas lineares como variáveis independentes que proporcionaram melhor desempenho na estimativa da AF para T. impetiginosa e T. roseoalba empregam a média da largura dos folíolos (Lfm): AF=10.919×(Lfm1.854) e AF=6.196×(Lfm1.684), respectivamente. Para H. chrysotrichus o modelo baseia-se no comprimento e largura das folhas (C e L): AF=(0.383×C×L)+16.586. Os melhores modelos de estimativa de área foliar considerando massa seca (MS) foram AF=119.510×MS−32.044×MS² para H. chrysotrichus, AF=143.610×MS−6,383×MS² para T. impetiginosa e AF=90.623×MS para T. roseoalba.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:13:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-07-01 Triatoma sherlocki Papa, Jurberg, Carcavallo, Cerqueira & Barata was described in 2002, based on specimens caught in the wild in the municipality of Gentio do Ouro, Bahia, Brazil. In 2009, nymphs and adults were detected inside homes and sylvatic specimens were positive for Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas). No information on the bionomics of T. sherlocki exists, although such data are considered essential to estimate its vector and colonization potential in domestic environments. Herein, the biological cycle of T. sherlocki was studied based on 123 eggs, with nymphs and adults fed on Mus musculus (Linnaeus). Nymphal development time phases, number of meals consumed, and stage-specific mortality rates were analyzed. Survival time under starvation conditions was measured between ecdysis and death among 50 nymphs (first to fifth instar) and 50 male and female adults. The median development time from egg to adult was 621.0 (CI: 489-656) d. The number of meals consumed ranged from 1 to 20 for nymphs of the first to fifth instar. The fifth instar showed the greatest resistance to starvation, with a mean of 156.5 d. The high number of meals consumed by T. sherlocki favored infection with and transmission of T. cruzi. The full development of this species under laboratory conditions with a low mortality rate indicates that this vector presents biological characteristics that may contribute to its adaptation to artificial human ecotopes. Its high resistance to starvation emphasizes the importance of entomological surveillance for this species. Laboratório de Biodiversidade Entomológica Instituto Oswaldo Cruz Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Lab. Interdisciplinar de Vigilancia Entomologica em Diptera e Hemiptera. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Programa de Computação Científica da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Laboratório de Bioquímica e Fisiologia de Insetos Instituto Oswaldo Cruz Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Laboratório de Transmissores de Hematozoários Instituto Oswaldo Cruz Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Departamento de Ciências Biológicas Laboratório de Parasitologia Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas UNESP Departamento de Ciências Biológicas Laboratório de Parasitologia Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas UNESP

This study determined the thermal requirements of forest native seedlings (Hymenolobium petraeum and Parkia pendula) and exotic seedlings (Adenanthera pavonina and Cassia fistula) all belonging to Fabaceae family, in three shading conditions (full sun, 50% and 65% of global radiation attenuation by poliefinas black screens). Also they were estimated of leaf emergence by Phyllochron and the Wang and Engel models, on climatological conditions at Sinop (Region of Transition Amazon-Cerrado), Mato Grosso State, Brazil, for winter period (between June and August of 2012). The minimum (Tb) and maximum (TB) basal temperatures and the optimum temperature (Topt) of growth of each species were estimated by regressions between relative growth rates and minimum, maximum and average temperatures, respectively. The values of the estimated Tb were 15.0d to TB were 39.7d and to Topt were 24.4&degC, 24.9&degC, 24.9&degC and 25.1&degC to A. pavonina, C. fistula, H. petraeum and P. pendula, respectively. The Phyllochron model showed highest efficiency in the estimation of leaf appearance when compared to Wang and Engel method.

The growing demand for products of forest origin in the middle north region of Mato Grosso, Brazil has been increasing the production of the genus eucalyptus. This study aimed to assess the deposition and decomposition rates of litter at the central plot areas of Eucalyptus urograndis (Clone H13) areas of three, five, seven and nine years of age. In five and seven-year areas, the interfaces (borders) eucalyptus–crop and eucalyptus–native forest, and further, native forest remnant areas were assessed. Litter collectors with 1 m² area were installed and the deposited material was collected monthly. For quantifying the decomposition rates, collections were carried out at 30, 60, 120, 180, 240, and 300 days after installing the decomposition bags. In the dry season, higher amounts of deposited litter were observed, with a greater representation of the leaf fraction. Bark fraction presents positive and negative correlations with wind speed and relative air humidity, respectively. The litter balance found indicates that even under a tropical climate, high deposition rates occur when compared to the litter decomposition of E. urograndis, allowing significant increases of litter in planted areas as the age increased.

No estado de Mato Grosso, a silvicultura intensiva está na fase inicial cobrindo menos de 0,2% do território. O agronegócio impulsionou investimentos para o estabelecimento de populações com espécies florestais, especialmente o cultivo de Eucalyptus sp. Glycaspis brimblecombei (psilídeo-de-concha-do-eucalipto) tornou-se uma importante praga para o cultivo de eucalipto no Brasil. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi relatar a ocorrência de G. brimblecombei no estado de Mato Grosso, em região de transição dos Biomas Amazônia e Cerrado. Em junho de 2014, observou-se adultos, massas de ovos e ninfas de G. brimblecombei, nas áreas de cultivo atacando Eucalyptus sp. nas cidades de Sinop, Sorriso, Lucas do Rio Verde e Feliz Natal. O período que caracteriza a estação seca na região é entre maio a outubro e devido às altas temperaturas e baixas taxas de precipitação, o que favorece a ocorrência desta praga. Este é o primeiro registro de G. brimblecombei no norte de Mato Grosso.