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Objetivo: Conhecer a produção científica sobre o Suporte Básico de Vida na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Método: Revisão integrativa da literatura, foram incluídos os artigos publicados em periódicos científicos nacionais e internacionais, que abordassem a temática Suporte Básico de Vida na Atenção Primária à Saúde, disponíveis em português, inglês ou espanhol, publicados entre os anos de 2000 e 2020, disponíveis online nas bases de dados: LILACS, BDENF e MEDLINE. Resultados: As buscas levaram ao encontro de 14 artigos. Os artigos evidenciaram o conhecimento insatisfatório dos profissionais da Atenção Primária à Saúde, além de falta de habilidade prática para a assistência. Vários estudos apontaram para a necessidade de disponibilização de educação permanente em Reanimação Cardiopulmonar para os profissionais. Constatou-se a falta de vários materiais e equipamentos para o Suporte Básico de Vida. Conclusões: É necessária a capacitação dos profissionais da saúde, além de melhor fornecimento e adequado armazenamento dos insumos necessários para a reanimação cardiopulmonar.Descritores: Suporte Básico de Vida. Reanimação Cardiopulmonar. Atenção Primária à Saúde.

Objectives: to know the perception of obstetric violence for professionals who assist in labor and delivery. Methods: the research was qualitative. Research participants were 22 professionals providing or assisting women during labor and delivery. The sample was defined by data saturation. The analysis of the data collected was performed using the proposed content analysis of Bardin. Results: five categories were identified, professionals highlighted the existence of a process of change in childbirth care and the importance of respecting physiology and intervening when necessary. It was evident that verbal violence is one of the most recurrent forms of obstetric violence. The factors identified as determinants for the existence of violence were the interaction between the parturient and the team, the professional’s lack of preparation and institutional problems. Even with several statements about obstetric violence, some professionals stressed not experiencing it in practice. Conclusions: the need to invest in strategies to inhibit obstetric violence and humanize care is perceived through training professionals and guiding women on their rights. Resumo Objetivos: conhecer a percepção de violência obstétrica para os profissionais que atuam na assistência ao trabalho de parto e parto. Métodos: a pesquisa foi de abordagem qualitativa. Os participantes da pesquisa foram 22 profissionais que prestam ou prestaram assistência à mulher durante o trabalho de parto e parto. A amostra foi definida pela saturação de dados. A análise dos dados coletados foi realizada utilizando a proposta de análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Resultados: foram identificadas cinco categorias, os profissionais salientaram a existência de um processo de mudança na assistência ao parto e a importância de respeitar a fisiologia e intervir quando necessário. Ficou evidente que a violência verbal é uma das formas mais recorrentes de violência obstétrica. Os fatores apontados como determinantes para a existência da violência foram a interação parturiente e equipe, falta de preparo do profissional e os problemas institucionais. Mesmo com diversas falas sobre a violência obstétrica, alguns profissionais salientaram não vivenciar na prática. Conclusões: percebe-se a necessidade de investir em estratégias para inibir a violência obstétrica e humanizar a assistência por meio de capacitação dos profissionais e orientação das mulheres sobre os seus direitos.

Premise: Lantana and Lippia (Verbenaceae) are two large Linnean genera whose classification has been based on associated fruit traits: fleshy vs. dry fruits and one vs. two seed-bearing units. We reconstruct evolutionary relationships and the evolution of the two fruit traits to test the validity of these traits for classification. Methods: Previous studies of plastid DNA sequences provided limited resolution for this group. Consequently, seven nuclear loci, including ITS, ETS, and five PPR loci, were sequenced for 88 accessions of the Lantana/Lippia clade and three outgroups. Results: Neither Lantana nor Lippia is monophyletic. Burroughsia, Nashia, Phyla, and several Aloysia species are included within the clade comprising Lantana and Lippia. We provide a hypothesis for fruit evolution and biogeographic history in the group and their relevance for classification. Conclusions: Fleshy fruits evolved multiple times in the Lantana/Lippia clade and thus are not suitable taxonomic characters. Several sections of Lantana and Lippia and the small genera are monophyletic, but Lippia section Zappania is broadly paraphyletic, making circumscription of genera difficult. Lippia sect. Rhodolippia is a polyphyletic group characterized by convergence in showy bracts. Species of Lantana sect. Sarcolippia, previously transferred to Lippia, are not monophyletic. The clade originated and diversified in South America, with at least four expansions into both Central America and the Caribbean and two to Africa. The types species of Lantana and Lippia occur in small sister clades, rendering any taxonomy that retains either genus similar to its current circumscription impossible. Fil: Lu Irving, Patricia. University of Washington; Estados Unidos Fil: Bedoya, Ana M.. University of Washington; Estados Unidos Fil: Salimena, Fátima R. G.. Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora; Brasil Fil: dos Santos Silva, Tânia R.. Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana; Brasil Fil: Viccini, Lyderson F.. Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora; Brasil Fil: Bitencourt, Cássia. Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana; Brasil Fil: Thode, Verônica. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Brasil Fil: Cardoso, Pedro H.. Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro. Museu Nacional; Brasil Fil: O'Leary, Nataly Cristina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. Academia Nacional de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Botánica Darwinion; Argentina Fil: Olmstead, Richard. University of Washington; Estados Unidos

With extraordinary levels of plant diversity and endemism, the Brazilian campos rupestres across the Espinhaço Range have a species/area ratio 40 times higher than the lowland Amazon. Although diversification drivers in campos rupestres remain a matter of debate, the Pleistocene refugium hypothesis (PRH) is often adopted as the most plausible explanation for their high diversity. The PRH has two main postulates: highland interglacial refugia and a species pump mechanism catalysed by climatic changes. We critically assessed studies on campos rupestres diversification at different evolutionary levels and conclude that most of them are affected by sampling biases, unrealistic assumptions or inaccurate results that do not support the PRH. By modelling the palaeo-range of campos rupestres based on the distribution of 1123 species of vascular plants endemic to the Espinhaço Range and using climate and edaphic variables, we projected a virtually constant suitable area for campos rupestres across the last glacial cycle. We challenge the great importance placed on Pleistocene climatic oscillations in campos rupestres plant diversification and offer an alternative explanation named escape-to-radiate model, which emphasizes niche shifts. Under this biogeographic model of diversification, the long-term fragmentation of campos rupestres combined with recurrent extinctions after genetic drift and sporadic events of adaptive radiation may provide an explanation for the current diversity and endemism in the Espinhaço Range. We conclude that long-term diversification dynamics in campos rupestres are mainly driven by selection, while most endemic diversity is ephemeral, extremely fragile and mainly driven by drift.

Hemipogon s. str. (Apocynaceae: Asclepiadoideae) currently consists of three species sharing an erect herbaceous habit, narrow leaves and corona-less flowers with urceolate, internally bearded corolla, that are mainly distributed in savannahs of the Cerrado biodiversity hotspot, South America. Here, we describe and illustrate a new species of Hemipogon, H. trilobatus Bitencourt & Rapini sp. nov., from an open savannah in Chapada dos Veadeiros, Central Brazil. Hemipogon trilobatus sp. nov. differs from the other species of the genus mainly by the presence of a reduced staminal corona with 3-lobed lobes, but also by opposite leaves and triangular anthers. Distribution and habitat data, as well as a key and a comparative table to distinguish the four species currently accepted in Hemipogon s. str., are provided. Based on criteria B2ab(i,ii,iii,iv) of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), the species is provisionally assessed as Critically Endangered.

Background and aims – Vegetation on ironstone outcrops is highly threatened, particularly due to the impact of mining. In this study, two new species of Ditassa (Metastelmatinae, Asclepiadoideae, Apocynaceae) from the cangas of the Iron Quadrangle (Minas Gerais, Brazil) are described and illustrated, and their conservation status is discussed.Material and methods – Species recognition is based on a morphological and molecular study of recent and historical collections, including a survey of the main herbaria of Brazil, Europe and the United States. Conservation status assessments are based on the evaluation of areas of occupancy and the impact of iron mining in the region.Key results – The two new species are morphologically similar to species in the “Hemipogon from the Espinhaço” clade, which includes Morilloa. Nevertheless, they exhibit flowers with a double corona and are described in Ditassa here, following preliminary phylogenetic analyses with 73 plastid-coding regions. These species are known from only two highly disturbed locations each and are Critically Endangered. A key to identify the 14 species of Metastelmatinae currently recorded in cangas of the Iron Quadrangle is provided.Conclusion – The Critically Endangered Ditassa cangae and D. ferricola are examples of poorly known, nearly extinct species under strong anthropogenic pressure caused by intense mining activities and the lack of adequate legislation for the protection of canga landscapes.

Objetivo: conhecer o significado de violência obstétrica para os profissionais que atuam na assistência ao trabalho de parto e parto. Método: a pesquisa foi de abordagem qualitativa, do tipo descritivo, exploratório e transversal. Os participantes da pesquisa foram 22 profissionais que prestam ou prestaram assistência à mulher durante o trabalho de parto e parto. A análise dos dados coletados foi realizada utilizando a proposta de análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Resultados: foram encontradas as categorias “Não respeitar o protagonismo da mulher”, “Intervenções desnecessárias”, “Negar atendimento”, “Relação profissional e parturiente conflituosa”, “Agressão verbal”, e “Desconhecimento de profissionais e parturientes”. Conclusão: os profissionais conhecem o significado de VO, pois as suas falas corroboram com a literatura e retratam uma realidade das maternidades. Descritores: Parto Humanizado. Violência contra a Mulher. Humanização da Assistência.

The Atlantic Forest is one of the most diverse and threatened tropical forests in the world, and the Rio Doce valley seems to represent a limit between biotas from its southern and northern portions. In the present study, we investigated the distribution of Kielmeyera (Calophyllaceae), a woody, typically wind-dispersed genus, with a high endemism rate in the Atlantic Forest. The 351 specimens analysed, representing 21 of 22 species of Kielmeyera from the Atlantic Forest, pointed to a complete dissimilarity between species composition in the southern (Rio de Janeiro state) and northern (Bahia state) portions of the forest. However, the Rio Doce valley in Espírito Santo state, rather than being a limit between these two portions, appear to represent a confluent area. The northern boundary of species from the southern portion is the São Mateus basin, whereas the southern boundary of species from the northern portion is at the Litorânea do Espírito Santo basin. Most specimens of Kielmeyera were collected in areas that currently are not remnants of original vegetation and that are not within any conservation unit, suggesting that an imminent loss of biodiversity is taking place. Studies comprising a broad range of functionally and phylogenetically distinct taxa make individual patterns of distribution obscure and overlook the conservation needs for specific groups. Therefore, our study on the distribution of Kielmeyera in the Atlantic forest highlights the importance of biogeographic analyses of less inclusive taxa of a flora.

Current global warming causes range changes and affects the distribution of species. Microendemics are the first affected and the most threatened by climate change. Here, we model the potential range of the rupestrian grassland biome (campos rupestres) in a neotropical, endemic-rich mountain range to project changes in its distribution and biodiversity. Our approach is based on the distribution of 42 asclepiad species endemic to the Espinhaco Range, southeastern Brazil. Models were produced for the present and for 2020, 2050 and 2080, under two different scenarios of CO2 emission, by implementing a maximum-entropy machine-learning algorithm (maxent). The area suitable for campos rupestres was projected to be smaller in the future, and in 2080 would represent approximately half of the current area, most of which would be restricted to the southern portion of the Espinhaco Range. According to our models, by the end of the century, the area suitable for campos rupestres in the northern portion of the Espinhaco Range (Chapada Diamantina) would be reduced to only 1.7%, restricted to two small fragments that are not yet protected by the current reserves. This habitat loss corresponds to an estimated 56% richness loss and the likely extinction of 328 (97%) microendemic species of angiosperms. Our results highlight the importance of approaches at local and regional scales for conservation planning in a world undergoing anthropogenic climate change.

Although the high diversity of neotropical plants is often associated with rain forests, another important location is open vegetation at mountain tops. In the present study, we investigated the phytogeographic patterns of the Espinhaco Range, in eastern Brazil, a region characterized by campos rupestres and marked by high levels of plant richness and endemism. Based on the occurrence of Asclepiadoideae (Apocynaceae) in a grid of 0.5o × 0.5o cells, we conducted cluster analyses and parsimony analysis of endemicity (PAE). We also calculated indexes of diversity and endemism and examined the distribution of palaeo- and neo-endemics. According to our data, the topographic gap between the Espinhaco Range of Minas Gerais and Bahia seems to be an important constraint for the dispersion of endemics, and the floristic similarity between northern Minas Gerais and Bahia is a result of species with broad distribution. Based on the seven areas of endemism that emerged from PAE, we defined five principal centres of en...

RESUMO Objetivo : conhecer a percepcao do acompanhante quanto ao seu acolhimento durante o trabalho de parto e parto. Metodo : trata-se de estudo qualitativo, descritivo, exploratorio e transversal desenvolvido com 25 acompanhantes de parturiente. Os instrumentos de coleta de dados foram um formulario e a entrevista semiestruturada. Os dados foram analisados utilizando-se a Analise de Conteudo, na modalidade Analise Categorial. Resultados : identificaram-se as categorias “Acolhimento adequado as necessidades do acompanhante” e “Acolhimento inadequado as necessidades do acompanhante”. Conclusao : a maioria dos acompanhantes sentiu-se acolhida, ficou satisfeita com a atencao que recebeu dos profissionais de saude, com as explicacoes e informacoes adequadas dos procedimentos, intervencoes realizadas com a parturiente e relatou que a ambiencia da maternidade atendeu as suas necessidades de conforto. Porem, alguns entrevistados apontaram que o acolhimento nao foi bom, que as informacoes e esclarecimentos nao foram suficientes ou nao existiram, por parte dos profissionais de saude, contribuindo para uma percepcao negativa do acolhimento. Os resultados deste estudo contribuem com as politicas e programas voltados para a assistencia humanizada no processo gravidico-puerperal. Descritores : Trabalho de parto; Parto; Acolhimento ; Saude da mulher; Humanizacao; Parto Humanizado. ABSTRACT Objective: to know the attendant's perception of their reception during labor and delivery. Method: this is a qualitative, descriptive, exploratory and cross-sectional study developed with 25 parturient companions. The instruments of data collection were a form and the semi-structured interview. The data was analyzed using the Content Analysis, in the Analysis category. Results: the categories "Adequate accompaniment to the needs of the companion" and "Inappropriate accompaniment to the needs of the companion" were identified. Conclusion: most of the caregivers felt welcome, were satisfied with the care they received from the health professionals, with the explanations and adequate information of the procedures, interventions performed with the woman patient and reported that the maternity environment met their comfort needs. However, some interviewees pointed out that the reception was not good, that the information and clarifications were not enough or did not exist, on the part of the health professionals, contributing to a negative perception of the reception. The results of this study contribute to policies and programs aimed at humanized care in the pregnancy-puerperal process. Descriptors : Labor, Obstetric; Parturition; User Embracement; Women’s Health; Humanizing Delivery. RESUMEN Objetivo: conocer la percepcion del acompanante en cuanto a su acogida durante el trabajo de parto y parto. Metodo: se trata de un estudio cualitativo, descriptivo, exploratorio y transversal, desarrollado con 25 acompanantes de parturienta. Los instrumentos de recoleccion de datos fueron un formulario y la entrevista semiestructurada. Los datos fueron analizados utilizando el Analisis de Contenido en la modalidad Analisis Categorial. Resultados: se identificaron dos categorias: “Acogida adecuada a las necesidades del acompanante” y “Acogida inadecuada a las necesidades del acompanante”. Conclusion: la mayoria de los acompanantes se sintio acogida, se quedo satisfechos con la atencion que ha recibido de los profesionales de salud, con las explicaciones e informaciones adecuadas de los procedimientos, intervenciones realizadas con la parturienta y relato que el ambiente de la maternidad atendio a sus necesidades de confort. Sin embargo, algunos entrevistados apuntaron que la acogida no fue buena, que las informaciones y aclaraciones no fueron suficientes o no existieron, por parte de los profesionales de salud, contribuyendo a una percepcion negativa de la acogida. Los resultados de este estudio contribuyen con las politicas y programas dirigidos a la asistencia humanizada en el proceso gravidico-puerperal. Descriptores : Trabajo de parto; Parto; Acogimiento; Salud de La Mujer; Parto Humanizado.

Limestone outcrops often harbour floras rich in threatened and narrowly endemic species. Still, these formations, usually associated with karst landscapes, remain floristically poorly known, and so are often neglected in conservation programmes. In Brazil, three species of Marsdenia (Apocynaceae) endemic to limestone outcrops are known: M. breviramosa, M. virgultorum and M. zehntneri. In this work, we describe and illustrate two new species of Marsdenia restricted to karst landscapes: M. calcaria from the state of Minas Gerais and M.phallica from the state of Goias. We also include illustrations of M. zehntneri, the species morphologically most similar to the two new species, and in situ images of the species of Marsdenia from limestone formations in Brazil (except for M. virgultorum, which is known only from the type). A geographic distribution map and an identification key for the five species known from limestone formations are also provided.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T14:18:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO RITA DE CASSIA BITENCOURT EVANGELISTA.pdf: 1221172 bytes, checksum: 9a7648bf26dd0c9ae09e253f58931134 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-17 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior Since the 1980s great changes have occurred in the management and organization modes of production in companies. During this period, in Brazil, intense restructuration was given a start to, mainly through privatization, unbundling and replacement of tariff scheme. These new rules initiated strong competition on the Brazilian electricity market. These changes led to the agencies adopting progressive labor outsourcing as a mechanism to reduce costs and make the production process more flexible. Despite its benefits, outsourcing conveys inhibiting and risk factors making the company seek mechanisms to manage it in a strategic way aligned with the regulatory requirements. Thus, this study was developed from the business strategy of adopting a Strategic Management Model of Outsourcing (MGET) of the electricity distributors aligned with the regulatory requirements as a response to the use of the Reference Company adopted by the National Energy Agency (ANEEL). It is supposed that the use of the MGET enables providing the adequate service, since it would be basically founded on encouraging and acknowledging third parties, who are constantly trying to make more for a lesser cost, with quality and social responsibility. A partir da década de 80 do século passado ocorreram fortes mudanças no modo de gestão e organização da produção dentro das firmas. Nesse mesmo período, iniciou-se no Brasil uma intensa reestruturação no setor elétrico caracterizada, principalmente, pela privatização, pela desverticalização e pela substituição do regime tarifário. Essas novas regras introduziram uma forte concorrência ao mercado de energia elétrica brasileiro. Essas mudanças fizeram com que as concessionárias adotassem a progressiva terceirização de mão de obra como mecanismo de redução de custos e flexibilização do processo produtivo. A terceirização, apesar dos benefícios, traz fatores inibidores e de riscos levando a firma a buscar mecanismos da sua gestão de forma estratégica e alinhada com as exigências regulatórias. Desta forma, desenvolveu-se este estudo a partir da estratégia empresarial da adoção de um Modelo de Gestão Estratégica da Terceirização (MGET) das distribuidoras de energia elétrica, em alinhamento com as exigências regulatórias, em resposta ao uso da Empresa de Referência adotada pela Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica (ANEEL). Supõe-se que a utilização do MGET viabiliza a prestação do serviço adequado, pois este teria como fundamento básico estimular e reconhecer os terceiros, que buscam, continuamente, fazer mais com o menor custo, com qualidade e responsabilidade social.

This work provides a summary of the typical floral structure of subtribe Hyptidinae (Lamiaceae), in which both style and stamens are declinate within or near the concave anterior corolla lobe. Cross-pollination is facilitated by protandry, acting in conjunction with the explosive release of the stamens and pollen. In contrast, we report that in the three species of the genus Eplingiella we found individuals with either resupinate or non-resupinate flowers, which represents a novel floral dimorphism. In these species of Eplingiella, the style occupies a position towards the posterior corolla lip and opposes the declinate stamens. Thus, in non-resupinate flowers the pollinating bee receives pollen on its ventral side and makes contact with the style on its dorsal side, whereas in resupinate flowers, the bee receives pollen on its dorsal side, and contacts the style on its ventral side. Both floral morphs seem to be required to achieve cross-pollination. In the two populations studied, each of the two morphs is present and in similar proportions, providing a novel means of promoting cross-pollination and reducing selfing. The situation in Eplingiella is compared to some other examples of floral polymorphism, but appears to be a unique pollination strategy, here termed Resupinate Dimorphy.