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In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with classical EGFR mutation, EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) produce better results than platinum-based chemotherapy. However, therapeutic efficacy is quite different in patients with EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations (ex20ins) versus common mutations. Patients with ex20ins mutations are insensitive to EGFR-TKIs and have poor prognosis. It is important to know the demographic and clinical characteristics in this group of patients and the prevalence in our region. Methodology: retrospective, single institution, case series review of patients with non-small cell lung cancer with exon 20 insertion mutations from 2017-2023. Patients had received first-line therapy for advanced disease and had imaging studies to assess response. Demographics, characteristics, and treatment of each patient were recorded. Treatment response was assessed using RECIST v1.1 criteria and overall survival was calculated using the Kaplan Meier method. Results: Among the 15 patients identified with non-small cell lung cancer with exon 20 insertion mutations at our institution, the incidence for the mutation was 1.5%. The mean age was 60 years, 46.7% were women, and the incidence of the mutation was 1.5%. The average age was 60 years, 46.7% were women, 14 patients were Hispanic and 1 patient was Asian, only 3 patients had a history of smoking. Forty percent of the patients had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) functional score of 2. The histologic subtype was adenocarcinoma in all cases. Of the 13 (86.7%) patients who received first-line treatment had evaluable scans to determine response, 11 progressed, 1 patient had stable disease, and 1 patient had a partial response. The median overall survival (OS) was 5 months. Conclusions: Patients with exon 20 insertion mutations have resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors, which confers a worse prognosis. It is vital to know in our region the incidence of the mutation and patient characteristics to provide timely diagnosis and treatment. Our results provide an important context for the development of new therapies that can be approved in the first line of treatment and not in subsequent lines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Lung cancer (LC) is one of the leading causes of mortality in Mexico, representing a serious public health problem. Patients show various psychosocial disorders, among which symptoms of anxiety, depression, and higher levels of perceived stigma are the most prevalent, affecting their quality of life. Various psychological interventions help improve the psychological state of cancer patients; however, the evidence is not as abundant in patients with LC. Objective. To explore the evidence of successful psychological interventions for symptoms of anxiety, depression, perceived stigma, and quality of life in patients with PC. Method. An IOP search was carried out in PubMed, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library databases. There was no restriction on the publication dates. Results. 653 articles appeared, from which four random control essays and one quasi-experiment were included for this review. Discussion. The results provide evidence regarding the effectiveness of various psychological interventions, behavioral-cognitive therapy is the most frequently reported type of intervention and with the most noticeable positive effects on reducing symptoms of anxiety, depression, and perceived stigma and improving the quality of life. More research would better demonstrate its effectiveness in patients with PC in the Latino population, particularly in Mexico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Medicina (Buenos Aires) is the property of Medicina (Buenos Aires) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río is the property of Editorial Ciencias Medicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río is the property of Editorial Ciencias Medicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Lung cancer is a public health problem worldwide and Cuba is not exempt from it. Objective: Characterize patients diagnosed with lung cancer according to clinical, epidemiological and morphological variables. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive and retrospective study was carried out on 145 adults diagnosed with lung cancer in the Pneumology Service of Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso Teaching General Hospital in Santiago de Cuba, from January, 2018 to December, 2019. For this purpose, in the statistical processing, the percentage and mean were used as summary measures for qualitative and quantitative variables, respectively; Likewise, there were applied the kappa coefficient to establish the degree of agreement between data and the X² independence test to identify a significant association between the selected criteria of interest (with p<0.05). Results: There was a predominance of the male sex (62.1%) and the age group of 65-75 years (37.9%). Regarding the histological type, squamous cell carcinoma was more common (42.7%). The right lung was the most affected, specifically its upper lobe MEDISAN 2023; 27(6): e4650 Esta obra está bajo una licencia de Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional. (33.8%); also, there were morphological alterations, such as bronchial infiltration (100.0%), mucosal irregularity and edema (with 98.5% in each case), and inflammation with bronchial wall thickening (90.3%). Conclusions: The determination of the clinical, epidemiological and morphological characteristics related to lung cancer makes it possible to carry out the correct follow-up of the patients and apply an appropriate therapeutic protocol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

En Colombia, para 2020, el cáncer de pulmón se reportó como la segunda neoplasia con mayor incidencia y la primera con mayor tasa de mortalidad según las cifras del ministerio de salud de Colombia. El compromiso peritoneal en el cáncer de pulmón es algo extremadamente raro, se considera

Objetivo: Describir el comportamiento epidemiológico del cáncer de pulmón en Costa Rica, específicamente la incidencia 1999-2016 y la mortalidad 2004-2019 para la toma decisiones basada en evidencia científica. Material y métodos: El estudio es de tipo descriptivo, analítico y espacial de enfoque cuantitativo transversal, el cual presenta la incidencia y mortalidad -cruda y ajustada por sexo- de acuerdo con las fuentes de información del Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos (INEC) y del Ministerio de Salud. Además, presenta un análisis de regresión simple y multivariada de Poisson para explorar variables sociodemográficas con la mortalidad a partir de la unidad de análisis cantonal. Resultados: A nivel país, la incidencia por cáncer de pulmón muestra una disminución desde 2000, tanto en mujeres como hombres. De los casos de cáncer de pulmón en Costa Rica, la topografía principal es Tumor maligno de los bronquios o del pulmón, parte no especificada (C34.9) y la morfología más frecuente es la no especificada (código 8000). La población más diagnosticada es la de mayores de 70 años de edad, tanto para mujeres y hombres. Con respecto a la mortalidad por cáncer de pulmón, desde 1994 a 2019 muestra un crecimiento constante en las tasas. La población más afectada corresponde a los hombres y personas entre los 60 y 80 años. Conclusión: Se reconoce la labor del Registro Nacional de Tumores y el INEC en cuanto a la vigilancia de los tumores malignos en Costa Rica, el cual es una de las plataformas más consolidadas de la región. Sin embargo, se considera crucial valorar otras variables de interés clínico para la toma de decisiones y la mejora del abordaje de patologías como el cáncer de pulmón.

Introduction: Lung cancer is a public health problem worldwide and Cuba is not exempt from it. Objective: Characterize patients diagnosed with lung cancer according to clinical, epidemiological and morphological variables. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive and retrospective study was carried out on 145 adults diagnosed with lung cancer in the Pneumology Service of Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso Teaching General Hospital in Santiago de Cuba, from January, 2018 to December, 2019. For this purpose, in the statistical processing, the percentage and mean were used as summary measures for qualitative and quantitative variables, respectively; Likewise, there were applied the kappa coefficient to establish the degree of agreement between data and the Χ2 independence test to identify a significant association between the selected criteria of interest (with p

Esta revisión tiene como objetivo declarar los beneficios del ejercicio físico y/o la actividad física en los cinco tipos de cáncer con mayor tasa mortalidad en el mundo. Se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de datos: Pubmed, Cochrane, Scopus, Web of Science, Scielo (Latinoamérica) y Medline. Los términos usados para la búsqueda fueron: “cáncer de pulmón”, “cáncer de hígado”, “cáncer de mama”, “cáncer de estómago”, “cáncer de colon”, “ejercicio físico”, “actividad física”, “ejercicio de resistencia” y “ejercicio aeróbico”. El ejercicio físico y la actividad física han demostrado beneficios tanto en variables morfológicas, metabólicas y psicológicas, teniendo un impacto positivo en el aumento de la funcionalidad, esperanza de vida y calidad de vida en pacientes con cáncer. El ejercicio aeróbico demostró mayores beneficios en el consumo de oxígeno, además de una alta adherencia, mientras que el entrenamiento de fuerza en una mayor capacidad específicamente en los miembros inferiores.

El segundo cáncer con mayor incidencia y la principal causa de muerte por cáncer a nivel mundial es el cáncer de pulmón. Esto representa un problema para la salud pública de los países con población en riesgo de desarrollar este cáncer. El eje principal para disminuir la mortalidad por este cáncer es la detección temprana de esta patología. Para alcanzar este objetivo se han estudiado exámenes de imágenes como la radiografía de tórax y la tomografía computarizada de bajas dosis. Esta última es la que ha presentado mayor evidencia en la disminución de la mortalidad y con mayores beneficios que riesgos sobre la población de riesgo. También se está en investigación biomarcadores sanguíneos como método de tamizaje contra el cáncer de pulmón. A pesar de existir evidencia sobre métodos de tamizaje, existen múltiples adversidades que pueden limitar el acceso al tamizaje. Estas adversidades son un problema importante en la lucha contra este cáncer y no deben ser menospreciadas.

]El cáncer de pulmón es una de las principales causas de muerte por neoplasias. La mortalidad del cáncer de pulmón ha disminuido en la última década, lo que se atribuye en parte a la mejoría de los tratamientos. La cirugía curativa es el tratamiento habitual para pacientes con cáncer pulmonar en estadio inicial, pero no todas las intervenciones quirúrgicas tienen buen pronóstico. La quimioterapia adyuvante y neoadyuvante se utiliza para mejorar el pronóstico de los pacientes con cáncer de pulmón resecable. La inmunoterapia, tratamiento que marcó una época, ha mejorado los efectos curativos, el pronóstico y la tolerabilidad en comparación con la quimioterapia citotóxica tradicional, ofreciendo nuevas esperanzas a pacientes con cáncer de pulmón no-microcítico (CPNM). Ensayos clínicos relacionados con la inmunoterapia han registrado resul-tados clínicos alentadores en la exploración de los distintos tipos de inmunoterapia perioperatoria, incluida la monoterapia neoadyu-vante con inhibidores de puntos de control inmunitarios (ICI), la inmunoterapia combinada neoadyuvante (quimioinmunoterapia, inmunoterapia más terapia antiangiogénica, inmunoterapia más radioterapia o quimiorradioterapia concurrente), la inmunoterapia adyuvante y la inmunoterapia combinada adyuvante y neoadyuvante. Estudios de fase III como IMpower 010 y CheckMate 816 reportaron beneficios en la supervivencia de la inmunoterapia perioperatoria para pacientes operables. Esta revisión resume varios estudios clínicos actualizados y analiza la eficacia y viabilidad de diferentes terapias neoadyuvantes, así como biomarcadores para identificar los tipos óptimos de inmunoterapia perioperatoria para el CPNM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducción: en la era del tratamiento personalizado del cáncer de pulmón la tipificación acertada del tumor cobra una vital importancia. Estudios citológicos como el cepillado bronquial constituyen, en muchas ocasiones, la única vía para establecer el diagnóstico. Objetivo: evaluar la eficacia en la tipificación citológica del cáncer de pulmón con el cepillado bronquial sin el uso de técnicas de inmunohistoquímica. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal en el Hospital “Arnaldo Milián Castro” de la Provincia de Villa Clara durante el período de enero de 2017 a diciembre de 2019; se incluyó una muestra de 104 pacientes con cepillado bronquial y biopsia endobronquial concurrentes que resultaron positivos para cáncer de pulmón. Se evaluó la concordancia citohistológica en la tipificación del cáncer de pulmón y se determinó la efectividad del diagnóstico citológico para cada subtipo. Resultados: el subtipo informado por el cepillado y el de la biopsia endobronquial fueron concordantes en el 75% de los casos. Entre los casos discordantes predominaron los carcinomas escamosos clasificados erróneamente como adenocarcinomas. Las muestras inclasificadas constituyeron el 21%. La efectividad en la tipificación fue de 85% en los adenocarcinomas, de 87% en los carcinomas escamosos y de 94% en los carcinomas pulmonares de células pequeñas. Conclusiones: el cepillado bronquial es un método eficaz para la tipificación del cáncer de pulmón. El diagnóstico basado en la morfología al microscopio óptico permite clasificar un elevado por ciento de las muestras citológicas y los resultados son óptimos con la evaluación conjunta del cepillado y la biopsia endobronquial.

Objetivo. Determinar la evolución de la mortalidad por cáncer de pulmón en Colombia en el período 1985-2018 en la población de 35 años y más e identificar cambios en la tendencia. Métodos. Análisis de series temporales de mortalidad. Se calcularon las tasas específicas y estandarizadas por sexo y grupos de edad. Mediante la regresión joinpoint se estimó el porcentaje de cambio anual de las tasas y se identificaron puntos de cambio. Resultados. En el período 1985-2018 se registraron 105 553 muertes por cáncer de pulmón en la población de 35 años y más. Las tasas estandarizadas muestran una tendencia decreciente en el período 1985-2005, excepto en mayores de 64 años. Conclusiones. La tendencia de las tasas de mortalidad por cáncer de pulmón es decreciente en Colombia. Es necesario potenciar medidas de prevención primaria y secundaria sobre el consumo de tabaco y vigilar otros factores de riesgo como el radón residencial o la ocupación.

Objetivo. Proporcionar recomendaciones para la detección temprana de pacientes con alto riesgo de desarrollar cáncer de pulmón (CP) en el primer nivel de atención y su referencia oportuna. Material y métodos. Se realizó una búsqueda detallada de la evidencia científica disponible para responder las preguntas de investigación clínica y se utilizó el Panel Delphi modificado para lograr un consenso entre expertos. Resultados. Se generaron 14 recomendaciones siguiendo los estándares de una GPC. Conclusión. El CP representa un problema de salud pública en México; por ello, esta guía establece recomendaciones que apoyan la toma de decisiones sobre la detección precoz y la referencia de pacientes con sospecha de CP en el primer nivel de atención.

Comparar el rendimiento diagnóstico de la PET/RM con [18F]FDG y la PET/TC de forma preliminar en relación con la estadificación torácica del cáncer de pulmón de células no pequeñas (CPCNP) con un enfoque especial en la evaluación de la invasión pleural. Se incluyeron 52 pacientes con CPCNP con confirmación histopatológica y sometidos a seguimiento durante un año más. Se realizó una PET/TC con [18F]FDG de cuerpo entero y a continuación una PET/RM torácica para la estadificación torácica inicial. Las imágenes de PET/RM torácica se adquirieron simultáneamente e incluyeron secuencias potenciadas en T2, con y sin saturación grasa, en T1 y de difusión. Dos radiólogos evaluaron de forma independiente la estadificación T, N torácica y la afectación pleural. Se utilizó la prueba de Chi-cuadrado de McNemar para comparar las diferencias entre PET/TC y PET/RM en los criterios de evaluación. Se realizó análisis ROC de eficacia diagnóstica con calculó del área bajo la curva (AUC) para el estudio de la invasión pleural. La PET/RM mostró una mayor sensibilidad y especificidad en la detección de invasión pleural respecto a la PET/TC; 82 vs. 64% (p = 0,625), 98 vs. 95% (p = 1.000). Los resultados del análisis ROC de la PET/TC vs. la PET/RM respecto a la invasión pleural fueron los siguientes: AUC PET/TC = 0,79, AUC PET/RM = 0,90, p = 0,21. Los resultados de la estadificación T y N fueron casi idénticos en la PET/TC y la PET/RM. Las diferencias existentes entre la PET/TC y la PET/RM para la estadificación T y N y la precisión de la invasión pleural no fueron estadísticamente significativas (p > 0,05 en cada una). La PET/RM y la PET/TC demostraron un rendimiento equivalente en la evaluación de la estadificación torácica preoperatoria de los pacientes con CPCNP. La PET/RM puede tener un mayor potencial en la evaluación de la invasión pleural del CPCNP, especialmente en los nódulos sólidos, hecho crucial en la toma de decisiones clínicas, aunque nuestros resultados no fueron estadísticamente significativos. To compare the diagnostic performance of 18F-FDG PET/MR and PET/CT preliminarily for the thoracic staging of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with a special focus on pleural invasion evaluation. Fifty-two patients with pathologically confirmed NSCLC were included and followed for another year. Whole-body 18F-FDG PET/CT and subsequent thoracic PET/MR were performed for initial thoracic staging. Thoracic (simultaneous) PET/MR acquired PET images and MRI sequences including T2 weighted imaging, with and without fat saturation, T1 weighted imaging, and diffusion weighted imaging. Two radiologists independently assessed the thoracic T, N staging and pleural involvement. The McNemar Chi-square test was used to compare the differences between PET/CT and PET/MR in the criteria. The area under the receiver-operating-characteristic curves (AUC) was calculated. Compared to PET/CT, PET/MR exhibited higher sensitivity, specificity in the detection of pleural invasion; 82% vs. 64% (P =.625), 98% vs. 95% (P = 1.000), PET/MR to PET/CT, respectively. The receiver-operating-characteristic analysis results of PET/CT vs. PET/MR for the pleural invasion were as follow: AUC PET/CT = 0.79, AUC PET/MR = 0.90, P =.21. Both T staging results and N staging results were approximately identical in PET/CT and PET/MR. Differences between PET/CT and PET/MR in T staging, N staging as well as pleural invasion accuracy were not statistically significant (P >.05, each). PET/MR and PET/CT demonstrated equivalent performance about the evaluation of preoperative thoracic staging of NSCLC patients. PET/MR may have greater potential in pleural invasion evaluation for NSCLC, especially for solid nodules, crucial to clinical decision-making, though our results did not demonstrate statistical significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To measure 3-year care costs of breast, prostate, colorectal and lung cancers disaggregated by site and clinical stage. Method: A retrospective observational design was employed to investigate care costs of cases recorded in the Registry of the Basque Country between 2010 and 2015. Data gathered included TNM stage and demographic, clinical and resource use variables. Total costs per patient with stage IV disease were calculated by combining generalized linear models with parametric survival analysis. Unit costs were obtained from the analytical accounting system of the Basque Health Service. Results: The sample comprised 23,782 cancer cases (7801 colorectal, 5530 breast, 4802 prostate and 5649 lung cancer). The mean 3-year costs per patient with stage I to III disease were €11,323, €13,727, €8,651 and €12,023 for colorectal, breast, prostate and lung cancer, respectively. The most important cost components were surgery and chemotherapy. Total survival-adjusted costs until death for patients with stage IV disease (€27,568, €26,296, €16,151 and €15,931 for breast, colorectal, lung and prostate cancer, respectively) were higher than the 3-year costs for those with earlier-stage disease. Conclusions: This study quantitatively shows the pattern of changes in the economic burden of cancer throughout its natural history and the great magnitude of this burden for the health system. The use of indicators based on real-world data from each regional health service would allow cancer care in each region to be tailored to local population needs. Resumen: Objetivo: Determinar el coste del tratamiento de los cánceres de mama, próstata, colorrectal y pulmón según la localización y el estadio clínico. Método: Se utilizó un diseño observacional retrospectivo con los casos del Registro de Euskadi entre 2010 y 2015. Los datos incluyeron el estadio TNM, variables demográficas y clínicas, y uso de recursos. Los costes totales por paciente en estadio IV se calcularon combinando modelos lineales generalizados con el análisis paramétrico de supervivencia. Los costes unitarios se obtuvieron del sistema de contabilidad analítica del Servicio Vasco de Salud. Resultados: La muestra estuvo compuesta por 23.782 casos (7801 colorrectal, 5530 de mama, 4802 de próstata y 5649 de pulmón). Los costes medios por paciente a 3 años en estadio I a III fueron 11.323 €, 13.727 €, 8651 € y 12.023 € para los cánceres colorrectal, de mama, de próstata y de pulmón, respectivamente. Los costes para el estadio IV (27.568 €, 26.296 €, 16.151 € y 15.931 € para los cánceres de mama, colorrectal, de pulmón y de próstata, respectivamente) fueron mayores que en los estadios iniciales. Conclusiones: Este estudio muestra cuantitativamente el cambio en la carga económica del cáncer a lo largo de su evolución y la gran carga que supone para el sistema de salud. El uso de datos del mundo real de cada servicio de salud permitiría adaptar la atención del cáncer a las necesidades de la población local.

Introduction: in the era of personalized treatment of lung cancer, accurate tumor typing is of vital importance. Cytological studies such as bronchial brushing are often the only way to establish the diagnosis. Objective: to evaluate the efficacy of cytological typing of lung cancer with bronchial brushing without the use of immunohistochemical techniques. Methods: an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted at the "Arnaldo Milián Castro" Hospital of Villa Clara Province during the period from January 2017 to December 2019; a sample of 104 patients with concurrent bronchial brushing and endobronchial biopsy positive for lung cancer was included. Cytohistological concordance in lung cancer typing was evaluated and the effectiveness of cytological diagnosis for each subtype was determined. Results: the subtype reported by brushing and endobronchial biopsy one were concordant in 75% of the cases. Among the discordant cases, squamous carcinomas misclassified as adenocarcinomas predominated. Inclassified specimens constituted 21%. The effectiveness in typing was 85% in adenocarcinomas, 87% in squamous carcinomas and 94% in small cell lung carcinomas. Conclusions: bronchial brushing is an effective method for lung cancer typing. The diagnosis based on light microscopic morphology allows classification of a high percentage of cytological samples and the results are optimal with the joint evaluation of bronchial brushing and endobronchial biopsy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Opuntia Brava is the property of Universidad de Ciencias Pedagogicas de Las Tunas, Centro de Documentacion e Informacion Pedagogica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: What are the levels of asbestos exposure that cause each type of health effect? The objective of this study was to review the available scientific evidence on exposure levels for asbestos and their relationship to health effects. Method: An umbrella review of English-language reviews and meta-analyses, from 1980 to March 2021 was conducted. We included reviews involving quantified asbestos exposures and health outcomes. The review has been adapted to the indications of the PRISMA declaration. Methodological quality of the selected studies was assessed using the AMSTAR instrument. Results: We retrieved 196 references. After applying the search strategy and quality analysis, 10 reviews were selected for in-depth analysis. For lung cancer, the highest risk was observed with exposure to amphiboles. Longer, thinner fibers had the greatest capacity to cause lung cancer, especially those > 10 μm in length. For mesothelioma, longer and thinner fibers were also more pathogenic; amphiboles ≥ 5 μm are especially associated with increased mesothelioma risk. No studies observed an increased risk for lung cancer or mesothelioma at asbestos exposure levels 10 μm. Para el mesotelioma, las fibras más largas y delgadas también fueron más patógenas; los anfíboles ≥ 5 μm se asociaron con un mayor riesgo de mesotelioma. Ningún estudio observó mayor riesgo de cáncer de pulmón o de mesotelioma con niveles de exposición al asbesto

Introduction: lung cancer, an almost exceptional disease in the 20th century, has become a major health problem worldwide. Objective: to clinically and epidemiologically characterize lung cancer in patients operated in the surgery service of the Abel Santamaría Cuadrado Hospital, in the period 2021-2022. Methods: an analytical, descriptive, retrospective and cross-sectional study was carried out in patients operated at the "Abel Santamaría" Hospital. The universe and the sample consisted of 18 electively operated patients. Theoretical, empirical and descriptive statistical methods were used. The variables analyzed were age, sex, form of presentation, relationship with smoking, risk factors, histological subtype and type of surgery. Results: male sex and age group between 44 and 72 years old predominated, being the most frequent form of presentation the alteration of respiratory function, some with exacerbation of old symptoms followed by the general syndrome, with predominance of workers in the agricultural and industrial sectors. Adenocarcinoma was identified as the most frequent histological type, followed by squamous cell carcinoma, for a predominance of stage IIb and IIa. Conclusions: A clinical epidemiological behavior with a predominance of male patients over 50 years of age was verified, it is noteworthy that the predominant form of presentation was respiratory alterations, and the low association existing between these at the primary care level and by the general population with said disease.

Se presentan los resultados del proyecto CAI_UMA cuyo objetivo fue cuantificar el promedio anual de concentración de radón en el sector educativo universitario, comparándose con la normativa vigente, estimando el riesgo radiológico derivado. Desde marzo 2019 hasta abril 2020, se realizaron mediciones de Radón 222Rn en cinco aulas. 222Rn es un gas noble radiactivo de origen natural, perteneciente a la cadena de desintegración del Uranio 238U. Las mediciones se realizaron mediante 5 detectores activos Saphymo® AlphaE y 70 pasivos CR-39®, revelados en el Laboratorio de Radioactividad, de la Universidad de Cantabria (LARUC). La concentración promedio anual fue de 59 Bq/m3. Estos resultados concuerdan con los pronosticados en estudios a nivel nacional como: el mapa del potencial de Radón, el mapa de radiación Gamma Natural (MARNA), del mapa litoestratigráfico y de permeabilidad, así como de los estudios existentes de medidas de radón. Se determina por primera vez la dosis efectiva en la Universidad de Málaga (UMA) por exposición a radón interior para miembros de público: 0,80 mSv/año. Estas concentraciones no superan el nivel de referencia normativo, si bien en determinados meses se obtienen valores promedios mensuales superiores a 300 Bq/m3. Puede atribuirse a ventilación deficiente y acumulación del gas en el interior de las aulas debida a diversas vías. Cuantificar las concentraciones medias anuales 222Rn permiten estimar el riesgo radiológico, comparándolo con los niveles de referencia, resultando ser un riesgo bajo. Se alcanza el objetivo de informar y concienciar a la sociedad sobre los riesgos a la exposición a radón.

Objective. To provide recommendations for the early lung cancer diagnosis in patients with risk factors at primary care and their timely referral. Materials and methods. This clinical practice guideline (CPG) was developed to establish recommendations based on the best available evidence and agreed upon by a group of experts representing different health sectors. A multidisciplinary group of experts that conformed to the Guideline Development Group (GDG) and conducted detailed scientific evidence research that answered the clinical research questions. The modified Delphi Panel was used to achieve an adequate consensus on the recommendations contained in this CPG. Results. Fourteen recommendations were generated following the standards of a CPG. Conclusion. LC represents a public health concern in México. Therefore, this guideline establishes recommendations to support decision-making regarding early detection and referral of LC in primary care health services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Boletín Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromáticas is the property of Universidad de Santiago de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Latinoamericana de Hipertension is the property of Revista Latinoamericana de Hipertension and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Salud Bosque is the property of Universidad El Bosque and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

INTRODUCTION. Lung cancer is the leading cause of structural oncologic emergencies (OE). The clinical outcome of patients with OE is often poor and mortality is high. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence, clinical presentation and outcomes of patients with structural OE in patients with lung cancer. METHODS. Retrospective cohort study involving all lung cancer patients admitted with a structural OE (superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) and metastatic spinal cord compression (MSCC)) between January 1, 2015 and November 30, 2019. Long-term outcome was evaluated at 90 days after de OE and during the follow-up time. A comparative analysis between SVCS group and MSCC was also made. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS v.25.0.0 with a significant level of α=5%. RESULTS: Of the 610 patients with the diagnosis of lung cancer, and 35 (~6%) had an OE: 16 a SVCS and 19 had a MSCC. OE was the first manifestation of cancer in more than 50% of patients (8 in SVCS group and in 12 in MSCC group). The mortality rate was 66% 90 days after OE and 97% at the end of follow up. Patients with MSCC had worse outcomes when compared to SVCS, with more mortality in the first 3 months and more morbidity. CONCLUSION. In this study, structural OE was the first manifestation of lung cancer in more than 50% of patients and its occurrence is associated with a worse prognosis. We need to be aware of this situation, especially in the emergency department, in order to minimize those consequences. Future studies are needed to determine the impact of early diagnosis, treatment patterns on OE outcomes and strategies for reducing structural OE related costs.

Propósito: Describir las características y el resultado del tratamiento con intención curativa en los pacientes con diagnóstico de tumor de Pancoast. Material y Método: Se realizó un estudio prospectivo y descriptivo de 22 pacientes diagnosticados en el INOR como “Tumor de Pancoast”, que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión par un protocolo de tratamiento con intención curativa. Resultados: Se aplicó el tratamiento combinado de radioterapia preoperatoria y cirugía radical, con intención curativa a 22 pacientes diagnosticados como “tumor del surco pulmonar superior”. Presentaron complicaciones postquirúrgicas, 9 pacientes (3-sepsis de la herida; 2-derrame pleural; 2-dolor torácico prolongado; 1-neumotórax; 1-arritmia cardiaca). Ocurrieron 3 muertes quirúrgicas no relacionadas con la técnica operatoria. La sobrevida a 3 y 5 años fue del 57% y 38% respectivamente. El tratamiento combinado, logró el control de la enfermedad loco-regional, pero no a distancia en la mayoría de los casos. Conclusiones: La combinación de la radioterapia y cirugía es el tratamiento de elección para los pacientes con Cáncer de pulmón en su forma de presentación como “tumor de Pancoast” en etapas IIB y IIIA.

El cáncer de pulmón es el segundo tipo de cáncer con mayor tasa de incidencia y el primero de mortalidad en el mundo. El aprendizaje automático o machine learning a través del análisis de pruebas de imagen como la tomografía por emisión de positrones/tomografía computarizada (PET/TC) se ha convertido en una herramienta fundamental para la detección temprana y precisa del cáncer. El objetivo de este estudio fue plantear una arquitectura de análisis de imágenes (PET/TC) ordenada en fases mediante la aplicación de métodos de machine learning combinado o ensemble para la detección temprana del cáncer de pulmón analizando imágenes PET/TC. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de observación. Se utilizó una base de datos pública, «A large-scale CT and PET/CT dataset for lung cancer diagnosis», en la que se usaron modalidades de exploraciones: TC, PET e imágenes fusionas PET/TC. Las fases de la arquitectura o marco de trabajo de este estudio fueron: 1) carga o recolección de imágenes; 2) selección de imágenes; 3) transformación de imágenes, y 4) balanceo de distribución de frecuencia de clases de imágenes. Los modelos predictivos para la detección del cáncer de pulmón analizando imágenes PET/TC fueron: a) el modelo Stacking , el cual utilizó como modelos base al modelo Random Forest y el modelo Máquina de Soporte Vectorial (Support Vector Machine [SVM]) para luego complementarlo con una regresión logística como modelo final, y b) el modelo Boosting , el cual utilizó el modelo Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost) para ser comparado con el modelo Stacking. Las medidas de calidad utilizadas fueron: precisión, exactitud, exhaustividad, valor-F1. En este estudio se pudo apreciar un rendimiento general del 94% con el método de Stacking y un rendimiento general del 77% con el método de Boosting. El método Stacking demostró ser un modelo con un gran rendimiento y calidad para la detección del cáncer de pulmón al analizar imágenes PET/TC. Lung cancer is the second type of cancer with the second highest incidence rate and the first with the highest mortality rate in the world. Machine learning through the analysis of imaging tests such as positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) has become a fundamental tool for the early and accurate detection of cancer. The objective of this study was to propose an image analysis architecture (PET/CT) ordered in phases through the application of ensemble or combined machine learning methods for the early detection of lung cancer by analyzing PET/CT images. A retrospective observational study was conducted utilizing a public dataset titled «A large-scale CT and PET/CT dataset for lung cancer diagnosis.» Various imaging modalities, including CT, PET, and fused PET/CT images, were employed. The architecture or framework of this study comprised the following phases: 1. image loading or collection; 2. image selection; 3. image transformation, and 4. balancing the frequency distribution of image classes. Predictive models for lung cancer detection using PET/CT images included: a) the Stacking model, which used Random Forest and Support Vector Machine (SVM) as base models and complemented them with a Logistic Regression model, and b) the Boosting model, which employed the Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost) model for comparison with the Stacking model. Quality metrics used for evaluation included accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. This study showed a general performance of 94% with the Stacking method and a general performance of 77% with the Boosting method. The Stacking method proved to be a model with high performance and quality for lung cancer detection when analyzing PET/CT images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article from the Journal of Research at the University of Quindío aims to determine the relationship between illness perception and quality of life in people with lung cancer in Armenia-Quindío. Two questionnaires will be used to carry out the research: the Illness Perception Questionnaire IPQ-B and the InCaViSa Questionnaire. The objective is to establish the relationship between illness perception and quality of life in adults with lung cancer in Armenia, Quindío. It is expected that the results of this research will contribute to a better understanding of the illness and the development of coping strategies. [Extracted from the article]

Introduction: Lung cancer is responsible for most deaths in the world, adenocarcinoma is the most common type. It is divided into pre-invasive lesions and invasive lesions with five subtypes: lepidic, acinar, papillary, micropapillary and solid. The importance of knowing its radiological behavior is that it would bring us closer to a more accurate diagnosis, taking into account that the therapeutic decision is based on the histological subtype. Objective: To know the tomographic manifestations of the different histological subtypes of invasive adenocarcinoma of the lung. Method: Descriptive, retrospective study. The image file, clinical file and pathology results of 113 patients with a diagnosis of invasive adenocarcinoma from 2015 and 2016 were reviewed. Results: The consolidation pattern was presented in the acinar and lepidic subtypes, the mass pattern for the solid, papillary, and micropapillary. All had hematogenous, lymphatic and mixed spread. Emphysema was the main associated finding, the lepidid was associated with ground glass. Exposure to cigarettes was 100% for the micropapillary subtype. Conclusions: The tendency of the tomographic presentation of the different subtypes of lung adenocarcinoma was identified, knowing the behavior we can get even closer to the diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Latinoamericana de Hipertension is the property of Revista Latinoamericana de Hipertension and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El punto de corte utilizado del CYFRA 21-1 como marcador tumoral influye considerablemente en su utilidad diagnóstica y pronóstica. El objetivo de este estudio es establecer un punto de corte óptimo de CYFRA 21-1 que tenga validez diagnóstica, determinado con la tecnología Lumipulse® en pacientes con sospecha de cáncer. El objetivo secundario de este estudio es determinar si los niveles de CYFRA 21-1 tienen valor pronóstico.

Se presentó una paciente de 74 años de edad, con antecedentes patológicos de diabetes mellitus tipo II e hipertensión arterial, y fumadora. Hacía dos meses había comenzado con tos seca que luego fue húmeda, con expectoración blanquecina y dolor en punta del costado izquierdo, en ocasiones falta de aire, con síntomas generales: astenia, anorexia y disfonía. Se le diagnosticó bronquitis sin resolución total. Los exámenes de laboratorio revelaron eosinofilia asociada a un cáncer de pulmón constatado en estudios imagenológicos, citológico y otros. La eosinofilia y el cáncer de pulmón es una entidad que comparte la presencia de infiltrados pulmonares y un incremento del número de eosinófilos en sangre periférica o tejido pulmonar en algún momento de su evolución. Se concluye que el incremento de los eosinófilos obedece a diversas causas, la eosinofilia y cáncer de pulmón constituye una de las condiciones neoplásicas.

A 74-year-old female patient presented at the medical office, with a history of type II diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and smoker. Two months ago she had started with a dry cough that later became wet, with whitish expectoration and pain in the tip of the left side, sometimes shortness of breath with general symptoms like: asthenia, anorexia and dysphonia. She was diagnosed with bronchitis without complete resolution. Laboratory tests revealed eosinophilia associated with lung and other studies. Eosinophilia and lung cancer is an entity that shares the presence of pulmonary infiltrates and an increasing number of eosinophils in peripheral blood or lung tissue at some point in its evolution. It is concluded that the increase in eosinophils it´s due to various causes. Eosinophilia and lung cancer constitutes one of the neoplastic conditions, and one of the highest incidences in the world.

Copyright of Archivos de Bronconeumología (English Edition) is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Neumologia y Cirugia Toracica (SEPAR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: It is denominated as lung cancer to a group of diseases resulting from the abnormal growth of cells of the breathing tract, in particular of the lung tissue. Objective: To determine the useful bronchoscopic and histologic aspects in the confirmation of the diagnosis of these neoplasms. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional investigation of the 346 patients assisted due to lung cancer in the Pulmonology Service of Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso Teaching General Hospital was carried out in Santiago de Cuba during 2016 and 2017 to whom a bronchoscopy was carried out. The variables used were age, sex, diagnostic technique used, histopatologic diagnosis and more frequent localization. Results: The patients aged 56 and 75 (66.1 %), as well as the male sex (65.0 %) prevailed. The bronchial biopsy was the procedure that mostly revealed the presence of cancer (61.3 %) and the most frequent histologic type was the squamous cell carcinoma (67.8 %). Conclusions: The importance of bronchoscopy and its diagnostic procedures to confirm the existence of the morbid process was demonstrated.

The case report of a 51 years patient with a history of neoplasm in the right lung is described, for which she received treatment with chemotherapy. Approximately 3 years later she began to present colic type pain in left flank and lumbar cavity accompanied by fall of the urinary volume, reason why she was assisted in Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso Teaching General Hospital inSantiago de Cubawhere she was diagnosed cervical cancer, stage IIIB. Left percutaneous nephrostomy was made and the level of pleural effusion disappeared within a week. The patient was discharged with appropriate diuresis and normal figures of creatinine; later on radiotherapy was indicated against the gynecological cancer.

Introduction: cancer is one of the most relevant challenges of our times for the man, it constitutes one of the illnesses of greater incidence on the world population, until 2020 19,3 millions of new cases were reported and 50,6 millions of people living with cancer. Objective: to characterize the incidence of cancerin the Polyclinic ¨René Vallejo Ortiz¨ from Manzanillo municipality during the year 2019-2020. Method: an observational-descriptive-retrospective study was carried out. The sample group was made up by 86 patients with a diagnosis of cancer by biopsy. Variables were studied as: age, sex, type of cancer and diagnosis the years. The data were processed according to the descriptive statistics. Results: the greatest percentage of cancer was contributed by the age group 60-79 years (52, 3 %), the female sex (59,3 %) and the years 2020 (53,5 %); the most frequent type during the study period was the skin cancer (47,7 %) and the lung cancer (15 %) and the female sex skin (19,8 %), lung (11,6 %) and breast (9,2 %) and in men were skin (28 %), lung (3,4 %) and prostate gland (3,4 %). Conclusion: the incidence of cancer in the studied period was upward, prevailing in advanced age, the female sex and as main locations skin and lungs.

Introducción: El cáncer de pulmón es uno de los principales problemas de salud en Cuba y el mundo. Las diferencias genéticas a causa de polimorfismos de un solo nucleótido, son factores importantes involucrados en la susceptibilidad genética a esta enfermedad. En Cuba son escasos los datos disponibles sobre los polimorfismos de un solo nucleótido y su posible influencia sobre la aparición y pronóstico del cáncer. Objetivo: Exponer la importancia del estudio de los polimorfismos de un solo nucleótido en genes de la reparación del daño al ADN en el cáncer de pulmón. Desarrollo: El tabaquismo es el principal factor de riesgo para desarrollar cáncer de pulmón, sin embargo, aproximadamente el 15 % de los fumadores desarrollará la enfermedad. Los polimorfismos de un solo nucleótido son factores involucrados en la predisposición genética a las enfermedades. La presencia de variantes polimórficas puede modificar la eficacia de los sistemas de reparación, favoreciendo la aparición de genotoxicidad y/o mutagénesis. También pueden modificar la respuesta a los tratamientos oncológicos y la supervivencia de los pacientes. Por consiguiente, además de ser marcadores de susceptibilidad, los polimorfismos se consideran marcadores de pronóstico individual de respuesta a la terapia. Este trabajo enfatiza la utilidad de su evaluación como biomarcadores clínicos y de susceptibilidad genética a enfermedades en la población cubana. Conclusiones: El estudio de polimorfismos de un solo nucleótido permitirá el abordaje personalizado de enfermedades oncológicas, lo cual podría contribuir a su detección temprana y a definir grupos de individuos con alto riesgo de padecer cáncer de pulmón.

Background: The treatment of lung cancer has witnessed significant progress, leading to improved survival rates among patients. It is important to assess the individual contributions of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) to overall lung-cancer incidence and mortality trends based population, especially sex difference., Methods: We analyzed lung cancer mortality based on subtype, gender, and calendar year. The Joinpoint software was used to identify any changes in incidence and trends in mortality., Results: Incidence and incidence-based mortality declined from 2001 to 2019 both NSCLC and SCLC annually. The most significant decrease occurred between 2016 and 2019 with annual percent change of 5.71%. From 2012 to 2016, the incidence-based mortality of SCLC in women changed by 2.7% in tandem with incidence decreased 2.84%. Remarkably, the incidence-based mortality for women declined notably by 5.23% between 2016 and 2019, even as the incidence showed a less extent of decreasing (-2.59%). The survival rate for women was 15.2% in 2001, 19.3% in 2016, it had increased to 21.3% in 2018 but similar trends not in men. The survival curve showed the change in survival outcomes over time among men and women (median overall survival: 13 vs 23months) receiving immunotherapy for SCLC., Conclusion: Population-level mortality from NSCLC and SCLC in the United States fell sharply from 2016 to 2019 as incidence deceased, and survival improved substantially. Our analysis suggests that approval for and use of immunotherapy may explain the mortality reduction observed during this period, with significant benefits especially for SCLC patient in women., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Lung cancer (LC) screening detects tumors early. The prospective GESIDA 8815 study was designed to assess the usefulness of this strategy in HIV + people (PLHIV) by performing a low-radiation computed tomography (CT) scan., Patients and Methods: 371 heavy smokers patients were included (>20 packs/year), >45 years old and with a CD4+ <200 mm 3 nadir. One visit and CT scan were performed at baseline and 4 for follow-up time annually., Results: 329 patients underwent the baseline visit and CT (CT0) and 206 completed the study (CT1 = 285; CT2 = 259; CT3 = 232; CT4 = 206). All were receiving ART. A total >8 mm lung nodules were detected, and 9 early-stage PCs were diagnosed (4 on CT1, 2 on CT2, 1 on CT3 and 2 on CT4). There were no differences between those who developed LC and those who did not in sex, age, CD4+ nadir, previous lung disease, family history, or amount of packets/year. At each visit, other pathologies were diagnosed, mainly COPD, calcified coronary artery and residual tuberculosis lesions. At the end of the study, 38 patients quit smoking and 75 reduced their consumption. Two patients died from LC and 16 from other causes (p = 0.025)., Conclusions: The design of the present study did not allow us to define the real usefulness of the strategy. Adherence to the test progressively decreased over time. The diagnosis of other thoracic pathologies is very frequent. Including smokers in an early diagnosis protocol for LC could help to quit smoking., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U.)

Introduction and Objectives: Lung cancer is the second type of cancer with the second highest incidence rate and the first with the highest mortality rate in the world. Machine learning through the analysis of imaging tests such as positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) has become a fundamental tool for the early and accurate detection of cancer. The objective of this study was to propose an image analysis architecture (PET/CT) ordered in phases through the application of ensemble or combined machine learning methods for the early detection of lung cancer by analyzing PET/CT images., Material and Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted utilizing a public dataset entitled "A large-scale CT and PET/CT dataset for lung cancer diagnosis." Various imaging modalities, including CT, PET, and fused PET/CT images, were employed. The architecture or framework of this study comprised the following phases: 1. Image loading or collection, 2. Image selection, 3. Image transformation, and 4. Balancing the frequency distribution of image classes. Predictive models for lung cancer detection using PET/CT images included: a) the Stacking model, which used Random Forest and Support Vector Machine (SVM) as base models and complemented them with a logistic regression model, and b) the Boosting model, which employed the Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost) model for comparison with the Stacking model. Quality metrics used for evaluation included accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score., Results: This study showed a general performance of 94% with the Stacking method and a general performance of 77% with the Boosting method., Conclusions: The Stacking method proved to be a model with high performance and quality for lung cancer detection when analyzing PET/CT images., (Copyright © 2024 Sociedad Española de Medicina Nuclear e Imagen Molecular. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Introduction and Objectives: Exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) causes cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, and cancer. The aim of this study was to estimate the mortality attributed to SHS in people aged ≥ 35 years in Spain and its autonomous communities (AC) by sex from 2016 to 2021., Methods: Estimates of SHS-attributable mortality were calculated by applying the prevalence-dependent method where SHS exposure was derived from the adjustment of small-area models and based on the calculation of population-attributed fractions. Sex, age group, AC, and cause of death (ischemic heart disease and lung cancer) were included. The estimates of attributed mortality are presented with their 95% confidence interval (95%CI). Crude and age-standardized rates were estimated for each sex and AC., Results: From 2016 to 2021, SHS exposure caused 4,970 (95%CI, 4,787-5,387) deaths, representing 1.6% of total mortality for ischemic heart disease and lung cancer. The burden of attributed mortality differed widely among the AC, with Andalusia having the highest burden of attributed mortality (crude rate: 46.6 deaths per 100 000 population in men and 17.0/100 000 in women). In all the AC, the main cause of death in both sexes was ischemic heart disease. The highest burden of mortality was observed in nonsmokers., Conclusions: The burden of SHS-attributable mortality was high and varied geographically. The results of this study should be considered to advance tobacco control legislation in Spain., (Copyright © 2024 Sociedad Española de Cardiología. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Lung cancer causes the highest number of cancer deaths in Chile and also is the cancer with the lowest survival rate. The main risk factor is smoking, followed by environmental carcinogens, where in Chile, exposure to arsenic in northern regions of our country would become relevant. The objective of this study is to describe deaths from malignant tumors of the bronchus and lung in the 2016-2020 period in Chile according to sex, region, and risk factors present in the regions of our country. For this, deaths from malignant lung tumor between the years 2016-2020 in Chile were obtained from the Department of Health Statistics and Information, obtaining a sample of 16,180 people. IBM® SPSS Statistics® was used for inferential statistics, applying the X² test to the variables "Sex" according to the year of study and "Region of death" according to the year of study. A map of the mortality rate by region was created. The male sex presented the highest number of deaths (58.5%) and the total number of deaths in women increased, while in men it decreased (p = 0,59). The mortality rates by region were in decreasing order: Antofagasta; Valparaíso; Magallanes and the Chilean Antarctic; and Arica and Parinacota (p <0,05). In regions with low tobacco consumption, environmental pollution would become relevant. Future studies should focus on prevention and screening, especially in regions with a higher mortality rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most of thoracotomies that are most frequently used in today's surgical practice were created in the operating rooms of the 20th century. In the search for different therapeutic options to treat cancerous and infectious conditions of the thoracic and mediastinal organs, the fathers of modern thoracic surgery created approaches that have stood the test of time and continue to be practiced, despite the enormous development of minimal access or video-assisted thoracic surgery. However, many surgeons are unaware of the events surrounding the birth of the main classical thoracotomies and, on the other hand, on more than a few occasions history has recognized as the fathers of some techniques those who do not really deserve that credit. In this third part of our review we continue to unravel the history of thoracic incisions, not all of which is well known. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

RESUMEN Introducción: Los tratamientos oncológicos aplicados en el cáncer de pulmón, en especial la poliquimioterapia, promueven en su mecanismo de acción citotoxicidad y liberación de ciertas especies reactivas del oxígeno. Objetivo: Caracterizar a pacientes con cáncer de pulmón según los marcadores de estrés oxidativo y de defensa antioxidante en el momento del diagnóstico y después de concluido el tratamiento con poliquimioterapia. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio analítico, prospectivo, en 86 casos divididos en dos grupos: casos diagnosticados con cáncer de pulmón (n= 52) y sanos (n= 34) en Hospital Neumológico Benéfico Jurídico en el período comprendido desde mayo de 2016 a mayo de 2018. Resultados: Predominó el sexo masculino (63,5 %) y el 55,8 % con más de 60 años. El tipo histológico más frecuente fue el adenocarcinoma (57,7 %) y el 61,5 % emplearon la modalidad de quimioterapia cisplatino y etopósido. Los pacientes con cáncer de pulmón mostraron un mayor daño oxidativo endógeno a lípidos y a proteínas (40,4 % y 28,8 %) respectivamente, mientras que el 63,5 % mantienen la normalidad de concentraciones plasmáticas de peróxidos totales. En el 40,4 % de los pacientes se incrementaron las actividades de defensa enzimáticas de la superóxido dismutasa, la catalasa y glutation peroxidasa, las cuales tuvieron una tendencia a la normalidad (63,5 % y 48,0 %) respectivamente. El 76,9 % alcanzó niveles normales de glutation s-transferasa concluido el tratamiento oncoespecífico. Conclusiones: La quimioterapia se relaciona con una exacerbación del estrés oxidativo y una disminución del sistema de defensa antioxidante.

Determinar la precisión del análisis visual y el índice de retención (IR) con el protocolo de imagen tardía 18F-FDG PET/TC para la caracterización de los nódulos pulmonares indeterminados (NPI) con baja captación de FDG. Se realizó un análisis retrospectivo en 43 pacientes (28 hombres, 64 ± 11 años, rango 36-83 años), remitidos para la caracterización de NPI con 18F-FDG-PET/TC y SUV máx ≤ 2,5 a los 60 min postinyección (SUV máx1). Los nódulos se analizaron por tamaño, puntuación visual de la captación de FDG en las reconstrucciones estándar (OSEM 2,8) y de alta definición (HD), SUV máx1 , SUV máx a 180 min postinyección (SUV máx2), y se calculó el IR. El diagnóstico definitivo se basó en la confirmación histopatológica (n = 28) o ≥ 2 años de seguimiento. Veinticuatro (56%) nódulos eran malignos. El IR ≥ 10% en la reconstrucción estándar detectó 18 nódulos que habrían sido considerados negativos usando el criterio estándar SUV máx ≥ 2,5 para malignidad. El IR ≥ 10% obtuvo una sensibilidad, especificidad, VPP, VPN y una precisión del 75, 73,7, 78,3, 70 y 74,4%, respectivamente, mientras que para la captación de FDG > hígado en la HD fueron del 79,1, 63,2, 73,1, 70,6 y 72,1%, respectivamente. SUV máx1 ≥ 2, SUV máx2 > 2,5 y la captación de FDG > hígado en la reconstrucción estándar tuvieron un VPP del 100%. La captación de FDG > mediastino en la HD obtuvo un VPN del 100%. El IR ≥ 10% fue el criterio más preciso para la malignidad, seguido de la captación de FDG > hígado en la reconstrucción HD. En la reconstrucción estándar, el SUV máx1 ≥ 2 fue altamente predictivo de malignidad, así como el SUV máx2 > 2,5 y la captación de FDG > hígado. La captación de FDG < mediastino en la HD fue altamente predictiva de nódulos benignos. To determine the accuracy of visual analysis and the retention index (RI) with dual-time point 18F-FDG PET/CT for the characterization of indeterminate pulmonary nodules (IPN) with low FDG uptake. A retrospective analysis was performed on 43 patients (28 men, 64 ± 11 years old, range 36-83 years) referred for IPN characterization with 18F-FDG-PET/CT and maximum standard uptake value ≤ 2.5 at 60 minutes post-injection (SUV max1). Nodules were analyzed by size, visual score for FDG uptake on standard (OSEM 2,8) and high definition (HD) reconstructions, SUV max1 , SUV max at 180 minutes post-injection (SUV max2), and RI was calculated. The definitive diagnosis was based on histopathological confirmation (n = 28) or ≥ 2 years of follow-up. Twenty-four (56%) nodules were malignant. RI ≥ 10% on standard reconstruction detected 18 nodules that would have been considered negative using the standard SUV max ≥ 2.5 criterion for malignancy. RI ≥ 10% had a sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy of 75, 73.7, 78.3, 70, and 74.4%, respectively, while for FDG uptake > liver on HD these were 79.1, 63.2, 73.1, 70.6, and 72.1%, respectively. SUV max1 ≥ 2, SUV max2 > 2.5 and FDG uptake > liver on standard reconstruction had a PPV of 100%. FDG uptake > mediastinum on HD had a NPV of 100%. RI ≥ 10% was the most accurate criterion for malignancy, followed by FDG uptake > liver on HD reconstruction. On standard reconstruction, SUV max1 ≥2 was highly predictive of malignancy, as well as SUV max2 > 2.5 and FDG uptake > liver. FDG uptake < mediastinum on HD was highly predictive of benign nodules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objetivo: Analizar la expresión y rol del receptor mGluR5 en la proliferación, migración y apoptosis de células tumorales. Antecedentes: El glutamato es uno de los aminoácidos más abundantes en mamíferos, su papel más importante es actuar como molécula señalizadora, principalmente en el sistema nervioso central donde actúa como neurotransmisor excitatorio al transmitir sus señales mediante la activación de receptores metabotrópicos (mGluRs). Además de estar presentes en el sistema nervioso central, se ha reportado que en células tumorales estos receptores mGluRs están incrementados e involucrados en la proliferación y migración de células tumorales. En este proyecto analizamos la expresión diferencial del receptor mGluR5 en líneas celulares de cáncer de pulmón y el efecto de la inhibición por 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)-pyridine (MPEP). (Número de Registro 078/23) Métodos: Se evaluó la expresión de mGluR5 a nivel de proteína en las líneas; BEAS-2B, A549, HCC827 y H1975. Con un antagonista de mGluR5, se evaluó la proliferación celular con ensayos de cristal violeta, la migración celular por ensayos de herida y la muerte celular por citometría de flujo. Datos públicos de una cohorte de pacientes con adenocarcinoma de pulmón, se evaluó la expresión de mGluR5 In Silico. Los datos se muestran como la media ± SEM. Los ensayos se analizaron mediante prueba t de student y por ANOVA de dos vías, seguido de un test de comparación múltiple de Sidak (GraphPad, Scientific, San Diego, California, USA). Los valores de p= 0.05 serán considerados como estadísticamente significativos. Las gráficas de supervivencia global serán generadas a través de ggsurvplot package desde RStudio software, los cuales usan logrank test. Las gráficas de supervivencia global serán generadas a través de ggsurvplot package desde RStudio software, los cuales usan log-rank test. Resultados: Todas líneas celulares expresan el receptor mGluR5. La línea celular A-549 es susceptible a MPEP a dosis bajas de 100µM. La inhibición del receptor disminuye la proliferación, la migración y aumenta la apoptosis de la línea A-549. El análisis de la expresión de mGluR5 en una cohorte de pacientes con cáncer de pulmón demostró que la sobre expresión en pacientes portadores de mutaciones en EGFR es un factor de mal pronóstico para la enfermedad. Conclusiones: La alta expresión de mGluR5 en tejidos derivados de adenocarcinoma de pulmón es un factor de mal pronóstico en pacientes portadores de mutaciones en EGFR y la inhibición del receptor con MPEP aumenta la apoptosis, detiene la proliferación y migración de células malignas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]