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Cultural routes are a well-established development tool to highlight and promote a region’s cultural and environmental reserve, as well as having a positive impact on a region’s socio-economic development. Underdeveloped or rural areas, which have limited financial and technological resources available, often envision cultural routes as a useful development tool to cater to their needs. However, unless these cultural routes are designed and implemented based on the principles of a circular economy or while respecting the region’s cultural identity and heritage, their impact will not be significant. The region of Aitoloakarnania is the poorest prefecture of Greece. The prefecture served as a case study to demonstrate that the utilization of its cultural and architectural heritage can be based on the identification, documentation, and the reveal of paths of cultural tourism along the region’s main natural features, namely its rivers, lakes, lagoons, and coastline. Τhe density and the representative distribution of the monuments in the area, in combination with the unique natural environment of the prefecture, led to the configuration of a mild design of cultural routes, promoting the revealing of both the cultural and the natural landmarks of Aitoloakarnania. In this framework, certain cultural paths were defined. The first one, along the Acheloos River, includes sites of natural heritage, ancient and medieval monuments (castles, fortifications, monasteries, churches, burial sites, archaeological sites, etc.). The other cultural path regards sites along the Evinos River and Trichonida Lake, which includes similar monuments and traditional settlements. A similar cultural path regards cultural sites and points of interest along the coastal parts of the prefecture, and in particular, a path initiating from the historic city of Nafpaktos and following the route to the west, it reaches the Venetian castle of Plagia, opposite of Lefkada. These cultural paths fuse along their routes sites of natural heritage, sites of archaeological and cultural interest, and sites of historic importance to the region. This amalgamation of different types of cultural sites, integrated into a single cultural entity, provide the means for the local and regional development in a sustainable approach while ensuring and disseminating the region’s brand and history.

Background Pulmonary embolism (PE) epidemiological data about the disease prevalence in the general population are unclear. The present study aims to investigate the prevalence of PE in Greece and the associated temporal trends for the years 2013–2017. Methods Data on medical prescriptions for PE in the years 2013–2017 were provided by the Greek National Health Service Organization (EOPYY). Data on age, gender, specialty of the prescribing physician and prescription unit were provided as well. Results The total number of medical prescriptions for PE for the study period was 101,426. Of the total prescriptions, 51% were issued by the Public Sector and 48% by the Private Sector. In 2013 the prevalence of PE was 5.43 cases per 100,000 citizens and increased constantly until 2017 with 23.79 cases per 100,000 population. Prevalence was higher in all years studied in the age group of 70–80 years. For the year 2017, we observed 69.35 cases per 100,000 population for subjects 70–80 years, followed by the ages 80–90 (60.58/100,000) and 60–70 years (56.47 /100,000). Females displayed higher PE prevalence than males and higher increasing trend. Conclusion PE prevalence has an increasing trend throughout the years 2013–2017 while prevalence in females is higher than males and displays a higher increasing trend. Our results may be used to appropriately organize nationwide health care campaigns aiming at the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of PE.

We investigated the antibody kinetics after vaccination against COVID-19 in healthcare workers of a Greek tertiary hospital. Eight hundred and three subjects were included, of whom 758 (94.4%) received the BNT162b2 vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech), eight (1%) mRNA-1273 (Moderna), 14 (1.7%) ChAdOx1 (Oxford-AstraZeneca) and 23 (2.9%) Ad26.COV2.S (Janssen). Before the second dose, at 2, 6 and 9 months after the second dose and at 2 and 6 months after the third dose, anti-spike IgG were quantified by the chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay method. One hundred subjects were infected before vaccination (group A), 335 were infected after receiving at least one vaccine dose (group B), while 368 had never been infected (group C). Group A presented a greater number of hospitalizations and reinfections compared to group B (p < 0.05). By multivariate analysis, younger age was associated with an increased risk of reinfection (odds ratio: 0.956, p = 0.004). All subjects showed the highest antibody titers at 2 months after the second and third dose. Group A showed higher antibody titers pre-second dose, which remained elevated 6 months post-second dose compared to groups B and C (p < 0.05). Pre-vaccine infection leads to rapid development of high antibody titer and a slower decline. Vaccination is associated with fewer hospitalizations and fewer reinfections.

Background Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a potentially life-threatening disease with both physical and psychological impacts. The psychological distress in the early phase of the disease has not been previously studied in the literature. Methods The study sample included patients with PE with or without deep vein thrombosis. All subjects included in the study prospectively completed the Symptom Checklist-90-R (SCL-90-R) questionnaire, the Heartland Forgiveness Scale (HFS), and the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) during their hospitalization for PE. Results Forty-four PE patients were included in the study (59.1% males). The mean age was 62.27±15.03 years. The majority (77.3%) had at least one comorbidity with 9.1% previously diagnosed with depression. The Total Global Severity Index (GSI) score for SCL-90-R was 82.42±49.70 while 36.4% of subjects had a high "Obsessive-compulsive" score, 22.7% had a high "Depression" score, and 22.7% presented a high "Hostility" score. The total HFS score was 45.54±40.42 with 54.5% of patients classified as "usually forgiving." The mean SCS score was 2.05±0.65 with 59.1% of patients presenting moderate self-compassion while 18.2% had low self-compassion. The total SCS score was correlated with the total GSI score (p=0.005, r=-0.576) and total HFS score (p=0.005, r=0.675). The SCS Self-kindness score correlated with interpersonal sensitivity (p=0.024, r=-0.479), depression (p=0.008, r=-0.551), and GSI score (p=0.049, r=-0.425). Self-judgement correlated with paranoid ideation (p=0.044, r=-0.467), hostility (p=0.007, r=-0.597), and GSI (p=0.027, r=-0.505). Isolation correlated with interpersonal sensitivity (p=0.026, r=-0.509), anxiety (p=0.014, r=-0.553), hostility (p=0.032, r=-0.494), paranoid ideation (p=0.026, r=-0.509), and GSI (p=0.015, r=-0.548). The total SCS score correlated with anxiety (p=0.041, r=-0.438). SCS Self-kindness score correlated significantly with total HFS score (p=0.002, r=0.613), forgiveness of self (p=0.011, r=0.528), forgiveness of others (p=0.008, r=0.550), and forgiveness of situations (p=0.004. r=0.587). Common humanity was significantly correlated with total HFS score (p=0.023, r=0.481), forgiveness of others (p=0.033, r=0.456), and forgiveness of situations (p=0.016, r=0.507). Mindfulness was positively correlated with HFS total score (p=0.009, r=0.544), forgiveness of self (p=0.049, r=0.424), forgiveness of others (p=0.012, r=0.525), and forgiveness of situations (p=0.013, r=0.520). Conclusions We report for the first time that patients acutely hospitalized for PE present symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder, depression, and hostility and exhibit moderate self-compassion. The marginal majority of PE patients are "usually forgiving" during the acute phase of the disease. Self-compassion is positively associated with forgiveness and negatively associated with psychiatric symptoms. Further studies are warranted in order to assess longitudinal differences in psychometric scores and the possible result of targeted mental health interventions at PE-specific clinical outcomes.

Modern and historic buildings and infrastructure are subject to varying environments and risk conditions. Their sustainable preservation demands an integrated methodology of diagnosis, monitoring a...

Background: The coronavirus disease in 2019 (COVID-19) heavily hit Italy, one of Europe’s most polluted countries. The extent to which PM pollution contributed to COVID-19 diffusion is needing further clarification. We aimed to investigate the particular matter (PM) pollution and its correlation with COVID-19 incidence across four Italian cities: Milan, Rome, Naples, and Salerno, during the pre-lockdown and lockdown periods. Methods: We performed a comparative analysis followed by correlation and regression analyses of the daily average PM10, PM2.5 concentrations, and COVID-19 incidence across four cities from 1 January 2020 to 8 April 2020, adjusting for several factors, taking a two-week time lag into account. Results: Milan had significantly higher average daily PM10 and PM2.5 levels than Rome, Naples, and Salerno. Rome, Naples, and Salerno maintained safe PM10 levels. The daily PM2.5 levels exceeded the legislative standards in all cities during the entire period. PM2.5 pollution was related to COVID-19 incidence. The PM2.5 levels and sampling rate were strong predictors of COVID-19 incidence during the pre-lockdown period. The PM2.5 levels, population’s age, and density strongly predicted COVID-19 incidence during lockdown. Conclusions: Italy serves as a noteworthy paradigm illustrating that PM2.5 pollution impacts COVID-19 spread. Even in lockdown, PM2.5 levels negatively impacted COVID-19 incidence.

Purpose: This work aims at promoting target localization accuracy in cranial stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) applications by focusing on the correction of sequence-dependent (also patient induced) magnetic resonance (MR) distortions at the lesion locations. A phantom-based quality assurance (QA) methodology was developed and implemented for the evaluation of three distortion correction techniques. The same approach was also adapted to cranial MR images used for SRS treatment planning purposes in single or multiple brain metastases cases. Methods: A three-dimensional (3D)-printed head phantom was filled with a 3D polymer gel dosimeter. Following treatment planning and dose delivery, volumes of radiation-induced polymerization served as hypothetical lesions, offering adequate MR contrast with respect to the surrounding unirradiated areas. T1-weighted (T1w) MR imaging was performed at 1.5 T using the clinical scanning protocol for SRS. Additional images were acquired to implement three distortion correction methods; the field mapping (FM), mean image (MI) and signal integration (SI) techniques. Reference lesion locations were calculated as the averaged centroid positions of each target identified in the forward and reverse read gradient polarity MRI scans. The same techniques and workflows were implemented for the correction of contrast-enhanced T1w MR images of 10 patients with a total of 27 brain metastases. Results: All methods employed in the phantom study diminished spatial distortion. Median and maximum distortion magnitude decreased from 0.7 mm (2.10 ppm) and 0.8 mm (2.36 ppm), respectively, to

Introduction: The cost of treatment of pulmonary embolism for Greece has been studied from the data of the Pulmonary Embolism Practice of the Larissa University General Hospital (LUGH) and the National Institute of Health Services (NIHS). Purpose: To estimate the cost of Pulmonary Embolism which Greece is charged in monetary units per year. Methodology: Taking into account the treatment modalities of the randomized patients of the LUGH Pulmonary Embolism Practice, the cost of the NIHS was calculated from 101,426 electronic prescriptions for Pulmonary Disease and the cost of the Pulmonary Disease was estimated for the years 2013 - 2017. Results: The study of clinic patients showed that in 2013 the total charge for the treatment of Pulmonary Embolism was 312.382,61 € while in 2017 it was 1.369.118, 23 €. Newer oral anticoagulants (DOACs) account for 92.69% of online prescriptions and adjusting the rate to 101,426 electronic prescriptions it is estimated that 94,410 electronic prescriptions are charged by the state with € 4,046,086.79 while 2,474 electronic prescriptions which are therapeutic methods with Low Molecular Heparines cost 103,692.75€. The total burden for Greece for the years 2013 - 2017 for Pulmonary Embolism is € 4,149,779.54. Conclusions: The cost of medication has a significant impact on health costs and the increase in burden per year confirms the best diagnostic tools for the treatment of Pulmonary Embolism.

Background: The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global issue. The relationships between temperature and incidence, transmission, or survival of many enveloped coronaviruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) have been previously widely investigated. However, there has been a lively debate in the literature over whether higher temperatures modulate coronaviruses’ infectivity and spreading, which sets a fertile ground for research on a global scale. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between day-to-day temperature variability and daily COVID-19 incidence rate, as well as the time is taken to reach the total number of 200 confirmed COVID-19 cases within the worst-hit countries by the pandemic. Methods: A within and among countries analysis of the relationship between daily fluctuations in the number of new confirmed COVID-19 cases and temperature for the period starting from 31st December 2019 to 29th March 2020, was conducted. The 46 worst-hit countries by the pandemic were included in the analysis.Results: What emerges from our results is that daily new COVID-19 cases were negatively correlated with daily temperature variation. Moreover, higher temperatures were positively correlated with a longer time to reach a standard number of confirmed COVID-19 cases within countries. Notably, countries with daily average temperatures below 20°C had a faster transmission rate than countries with higher daily average temperatures. Conclusions: Our study provides further insights into the hypothesis that there is an association between temperature and rate of COVID-19 spread within a country.

Background: Pulmonary embolism (PE) epidemiological data are unclear considering the disease prevalence in the general population. The present study aims to investigate the prevalence of PE at the Greek population and the associated trends for the years 2013-2017. Methods: Data on medical prescriptions for PE in the years 2013-2017 were provided by the Greek National Health Service Organization (EOPYY). Data on age, gender, specialty of the prescribing physician and prescription unit were provided as well. Results: The total number of medical prescriptions for PE for the study period was 101,426. Of the total prescriptions, 51% were issued by the Public Sector, while 48% by the Private Sector. In 2013 the prevalence of PE was 5.43 cases per 100,000 citizens and increased constantly until 2017 with 23.79 cases per 100,000 population. Prevalence is higher in all years studied in the age group 70-80 with 69.35 cases per 100,000 population for the year 2017 followed by the ages 80-90 (60.58/100,000) and 60-70 (56.47/100,000) for the same year. Females display higher PE prevalence than males and higher increasing trend.Conclusion: PE prevalence displays an increasing trend throughout the years while prevalence in females is higher than males and displays a higher increasing trend. Our results may be used to appropriately organize nationwide health care systems aiming at the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of PE.

This work aims to point out the key role that Non-Destructive Techniques (NDTs) like Infra-Red Thermography, Ground Penetrating Radar, Ultrasonic Testing, Digital Microscopy, Colorimetry and Karsten Tubes, can play, not only on the diagnostic level and for the assessment of conservation interventions at the end of a project, but also during rehabilitation works. The above-mentioned NDTs, were applied for the preservation state assessment and during different stages of rehabilitation works at the Holy Aedicule of the Holy Sepulchre. Their importance for scientific support to decision making throughout diagnosis and rehabilitation works of complex historical structures is demonstrated in practice in cases such as: revealing structural layers, defect areas and voids; detecting rising damp, and thermo-hygric anisotropy of different building materials; in real time compatibility assessment of interventions as repointing, building restoration masonries, grouting, consolidating wall-paintings and protection of stone facades.

The rehabilitation of the Holy Aedicule of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem, completed in March 2017, aimed to address the deformation problems encountered after its most recent reconstruction in 1810. A diagnostic study performed by the National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), indicated the cause of the deformations and revealed the Aedicule’s structural layers. The results permitted the design, selection and application of compatible and performing restoration mortars, while the assessment of their application was achieved through a multispectral approach and in combination with an integrated analysis throughout the rehabilitation project. The results acquired through analytical and non destructive techniques show that compatibility was ensured and the structure was adequately strengthened and concludes in a methodological approach regarding all stages of a rehabilitation project of a complex multilayered monument.

The need for the immediate rehabilitation of the Holy Aedicule of the Holy Sepulchre involved the collaborative efforts done by the religious communities, scientific experts, and policy makers with the aim to secure the structural integrity and sustainable rehabilitation of the monument, which stands as a par excellence landmark of spiritual renewal and worshiping for the generations to come. Using best practices and integrating specific disciplinary expertise knowledge, the rehabilitation project has been throughout relevant and extrovert to the society, engaging the public in order to share problematic as well as scientific findings, to understand and promote its cultural resources. In order to achieve this, an innovative scientific method was developed by the National Technical University of Athens Interdisciplinary Team involving methods and perspectives from different disciplines, namely, from the scientific fields of architecture, civil engineering, surveying engineering, materials science and engineering, information technology, archaeometry and archaeology in dialogue with the religious communities. Reference is made to the cultural policy, highlighting the benefit of the interaction between ideas, institutions, and the common interest for the protection of monuments. The aforementioned, along with the organization programming, the integrated governance of the project, based on management functions, such as planning, budgeting, fundraising, evaluation and quality control, designed a prolific interdisciplinary agenda. This paper presents practical and theoretical work in heritage protection management, communicates the tools involved in master scientific issues, while it seeks to engage the interest of the public in order to interact actively, participate in its protection and add constructively on its future life.

The Holy Aedicula of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem was surveyed by ground penetrating radar in correlation with an architectural analysis, following a methodology suited for built cultural heritage assets. The construction layers of the building were revealed. Remnants of the original monolithic Aedicula were identified and comprise of two rock blocks surrounded by a masonry dating mainly to the 1810 construction phase. Results indicate that parts of the 11th century structure may have been retained in the 1810 reconstruction, such as the lower part of the masonry of the north side of the Chapel of the Angel. The south rock block appears to be fractured and the influence of two pillars that support the dome of the burial chamber and which are based on the rock block is assessed.

International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences - ISPRS Archives, Volume 42, Issue 5W1, 12 May 2017, Pages 487-494 The National Technical University of Athens undertook the compilation of an "Integrated Diagnostic Research Project and Strategic Planning for Materials, Interventions Conservation and Rehabilitation of the Holy Aedicule of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem". This paper focuses on the work merging the geometric documentation with the characterization of materials, the identification of building phases and the diagnosis of decay and pathology through the use of analytical and non-destructive techniques. Through this integrated approach, i.e. through the documentation and characterization of the building materials, through the diagnosis of decay and pathology, through the accurate geometric documentation of the building and through the non-destructive prospection of its internal structure, it was feasible to identify the construction phases of the Holy Aedicule, identifying the remnants of the preserved earlier constructions and the original monolithic Tomb. This work, thus, demonstrates that the adoption of an interdisciplinary approach for integrated documentation is a powerful tool for a better understanding of monuments, both in terms of its structural integrity, as well as in terms of its state of preservation, both prerequisites for effective rehabilitation.

The study aims to investigate the change in the habits of Super Market consumers regarding the realization of purchases from a distance, after the announcement of the measures for the protection of the citizens from the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Specifically, the article examines the attitude of Greek Super Market consumers towards distance shopping (on line or telephone sales), before and during the pandemic. The choice of this country is important given that the Super Market online stores in Greece are under development and the appearance of COVID-19 is expected to expand the sales channels (multichannel distribution) directly affecting the profitability of the specific sector. From the processing of the questionnaires of 230 customers who were asked before and during the pandemic, it emerged that a sharp change in social living conditions can significantly affect the selected consumer market channel.

As part of the innovative research entitled «Integrated Diagnostic Research Project and Strategic Planning for Materials, Interventions Conservation and Rehabilitation of the Holy Aedicule of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem», conducted by National Technical University of Athens NTUA in agreement with the Jerusalem Patriarchate (The Joint Agreement and the Status Quo authorize the Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Jerusalem, in constant cooperation with the initiators of the three Christian Communities, the guardians of the Holy Sepulcher, the Patriarch of Jerusalem, Theophilus III, the Holy Land of the Order of the Franciscans, Pierbattista Pizzaballa (until May 2016), present Latino Patriarch in Jerusalem, Fransesco Patton (from June 2016) and the Armenian Patriarch in Jerusalem, K. Nourhan Manougian, to coordinate all the scientific, technical and management structures of the project.), occurs the following contribution on «Diagnostic research of the Dome of the superstructure of the Holy Edicule of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem – Suggestions for maintenance and rehabilitation». The goals of the work are˙ the architectural documentation of the form of the Dome, the way it was constructed, the diagnosis of decay and pathology of its construction materials, the maintenance and rehabilitation proposals. First crucial step towards achieving the aforementioned was to conduct diagnostic investigation, through macroscopic observations, of the current situation of the Dome. The next step was to use non-destructive testing techniques (IRT, GPR, Endoscope, FOM) in order to obtain useful information regarding the construction way. Moreover, by using in situ measurements, the geometry of the structure was revealed, the sizing of the individual members was completed and thus it was possible to illustrate the structure in 2D and 3D designs. Finally, an illustrated model of the deformations of the structure was created and based on its results maintenance and recovery solutions were proposed.

Plaka Bridge is a traditional one-arch stone bridge, built in 1866 above the waters of Aracthos river, in Epirus, Greece. The bridge was the largest one-arch stone bridge in Greece and the Balkans and one of the largest of its type in Europe. The bridge collapsed on 1 February 2015, following heavy rains in the area, the only remaining parts consisted of the western part including the western auxiliary arch, and the eastern entrance. Immediately after the disaster, the National Technical University of Athens formed a scientific expert committee which undertook in-situ assessment and provided a comprehensive report on the restoration of the Plaka Bridge. More recently, as part of the planned restoration project, ground penetration radar (GPR) was utilized to study the interior structure of the surviving western abutment of the bridge, in order to provide crucial information regarding the internal layering of the bridge, the presence of wooden elements that provided cohesion between load-bearing structural elements of the bridge and its support, as well as assess the state of preservation of the surviving parts, prior to the commencement of the bridge reconstruction. GPR revealed that potentially parts of a bridge constructed earlier than the current one are embedded within the western abutment. In addition, linear patterns corresponding to wooden elements were revealed that form a complex pattern within the surviving western part of the bridge. The information provided by GPR is crucial for the design and implementation of the appropriate restoration and rebuilding work, as it is planned that some of the original parts of the bridge will be retained in the reconstructed new bridge.

Ground penetration radar was used at the historic building of the “Colegio del Arte Mayor de la Seda de Valencia”, to assess the structural state of the building, by focusing on identifying and locating major internal cracks or interfaces that could pose structural problems to the building, and on providing general information about the construction technology of the masonry. Through the analysis of the various scans at characteristic areas of the historic building, GPR identified and allowed correlation of crack clusters and revealed hidden features, such as potential hidden arches, within the masonry that were not observed macroscopically. It was revealed that the deformation thrust of the eastern facade of the building was responsible for a cluster of cracks along its longitudinal axis at the interior of the building. A similar behaviour was correlated with a major crack behind the main maiolica tile mosaic, along the transverse axis of the building.

The Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem is one of the most important religious sites of Christianity. It dates back to 326AD, when Emperor Constantine I ordered the construction of a basilica incorporating the Tomb of Christ within an Aedicule, and the hill of Golgotha. The Aedicule has undergone many reconstruction phases and restoration interventions, while sustaining many damages throughout its rich history. Recently, a project regarding conservation, reinforcement and repair interventions for the rehabilitation of the Holy Aedicule was successfully implemented. As part of this rehabilitation Works, ground penetrating radar (GPR) was employed for the survey of the Holy Aedicule to reveal the internal structural layers of the structure. Information from historical documentation and architectural analysis were correlated with findings from GPR prospection. This transdisciplinary approach allowed the elucidation of the structural evolution of the Aedicule. It revealed remnants of the original living rock of the 4th century Aedicule, surrounded by type of masonry dating to the Byzantine period, to the Crusader period and to 19th century major reconstructions. In addition, GPR and architectural analysis of the Aedicule’s structure revealed remnants of characteristic features of the 11th century Aedicule and large structural parts of the previous Aedicule below the height level of these two Domes.

The National Technical University of Athens undertook the Rehabilitation of the Holy Aedicule of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem. This paper briefly presents the three-dimensional digital geometric documentation of the monument, which was considered necessary to support the characterization of materials, the identification of building phases and the diagnosis of decay and pathology using analytical and non-destructive techniques during all phases of the rehabilitation implementation. The provided information by these studies enabled the proper implementation of the necessary actions to restore the monument to a sustainable state for the future pilgrims. This work also demonstrates that the adoption of an interdisciplinary approach for integrated documentation is a powerful tool for a better understanding of monuments, both in terms of its structural integrity, as well as in terms of its state of preservation, both prerequisites for effective rehabilitation.

International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences - ISPRS Archives, Volume 42, Issue 2W3, 23 February 2017, Pages 33-37 An interdisciplinary team from the National Technical University of Athens is performing the restoration of the Holy Aedicule, which covers the Tomb of Christ within the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem. The first important task was to geometrically document the monument for the production of the necessary base material on which the structural and material prospection studies would be based. One task of this action was to assess the structural behavior of this edifice in order to support subsequent works. It was imperative that the internal composition of the construction be documented as reliably as possible. To this end several data acquisition techniques were employed, among them ground penetrating radar. Interpretation of these measurements revealed the position of the rock, remnants of the initial cave of the bunal of Christ. This paper reports on the methodology employed to construct the 3D model of the rock and introduce it into the 3D model of the whole building, thus enhancing the information about the structure. The conversion of the radargrams to horizontal sections of the rock is explained and the construction of the 3D model and its insertion into the 3D model of the Holy Aedicule is descnbed.

We study the magnetic relaxation rate Γ of the single-molecule magnet Mn(12)-tBuAc as a function of the magnetic field component H(T) transverse to the molecule's easy axis. When the spin is near a magnetic quantum tunneling resonance, we find that Γ increases abruptly at certain values of H(T). These increases are observed just beyond values of H(T) at which a geometric-phase interference effect suppresses tunneling between two excited energy levels. The effect is washed out by rotating H(T) away from the spin's hard axis, thereby suppressing the interference effect. Detailed numerical calculations of Γ using the known spin Hamiltonian accurately reproduce the observed behavior. These results are the first experimental evidence for geometric-phase interference in a single-molecule magnet with true fourfold symmetry.