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Your search keyword '"Byrne, R. W."' showing total 122 results
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122 results on '"Byrne, R. W."'

6. In the News

Author

Gong, K. W., Francks, C., Ramanathan, V., Cartmill, E. A., Byrne, R. W., Bidle, K. D., Lee, S., Marchant, D. R., Falkowski, P. G., Pushparaj, V. L., and Levy, S.

Published
2007

26. Multidisciplinary treatment of olfactory neuroblastoma: Patterns of failure and management of recurrence.

Author

Petruzzelli, G J, Howell, J B, Pederson, A, Origitano, T C, Byrne, R W, Munoz, L, Emami, B, and Clark, J I

Abstract

Purpose: Esthesioneuroblastoma is an uncommon malignancy of the head and neck for which there is no defined treatment protocol. The purpose of this study is to report our experience with the treatment and patterns of failure of this disease.Methods and Materials: From 1994 to 2012, 37 previously unreported patients with esthesioneuroblastoma were evaluated, and 32 eventually treated for cure at 2 academic medical centers. All patients were staged with Kadish criteria. The mean and median follow-ups were 96.1 and 76.5 months respectively (range 6-240 months).Results: The Kadish stage was A in 6 patients, B in 13 patients, and C in 13 patients. Four patients were initially treated with concurrent chemo-radiation therapy. Twenty-eight patients were treated with primary surgery. Two (2) underwent open medial maxillectomy and 26 underwent craniofacial resection (open - 17, endoscopic - 9). Three patients received curative surgical resection only. Seven patients failed either within the cranial axis or distantly, 6 of the 7 are dead of disease, 10-194 months following initial treatment. Six patients had isolated neck recurrences, 4/6 were salvaged with neck dissection and additional chemo-radiation and remain alive 30-194 months following initial treatment. Estimated overall survival rate at 10 years was 78% based on Kadish and T stages.Conclusion: In this retrospective analysis of 32 patients, Kadish stage C and stage T3/T4 tumors were associated with worse outcome. Total radiation dose of 60 Gy, margin status, patient age, were not found to have significant prognostic value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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33. Gestural Imitation by a Gorilla: Evidence and Nature of the Capacity.

Author

Byrne, R. W. and Tanner, J. E.

Subjects
*WESTERN lowland gorilla, *APES, *GESTURE, *BEHAVIOR, *IMITATIVE behavior
Abstract

We report the results of an opportunistic experiment on the capacity for gestural imitation in a zoo-housed, female western lowland gorilla (Gorilla g. gorilla). Taking advantage of her temporary disposition to copy humans, we presented 7 non-species-typical gestures, without training or rewards. The gorilla's behaviour was filmed and subsequently rated for gestural imitation by 20 naïve coders, controlling for general demeanour by comparing pre- and post-demonstration segments. For several gestures, behaviour that closely matched the demonstration was seen only or more often after demonstration: gestural imitation was therefore reliably detected. Nevertheless, as in previous studies of great ape gestural imitation, none of the gorilla copies was a perfect match. We suggest that gestural imitation in great apes is based on facilitation of rare behaviours in their extensive and often idiosyncratic gestural repertoire (e.g. by mirror neurons), rather than on acquiring novel behaviours by imitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2006

41. Cognition studies with pigs: Livestock cognition and its implication for production

Author

Held, S., Mendl, M., Laughlin, K., and Byrne, R. W.

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, it discusses in general terms how animal production can be affected by the animals' cognitive abilities; second, it aims to introduce our work on pig cognition. We suggest that livestock cognition does not only affect production indirectly through its effects on livestock welfare, but also that cognition can have direct effects. Direct effects are evident when cognitive abilities limit feed intake, for example, or in the recognition of groupmates or offspring. We illustrate such direct effects with two case studies from pig production: voluntary feed intake after weaning and production losses associated with aggression in groups. Voluntary feed intake after weaning is affected by preweaning experiences, weaning age, and postweaning practices. Some studies suggest a link between early environment and cognitive development in piglets, as has previously been demonstrated in other species. We suggest this as a possible contributing factor to low feed intake immediately after weaning. The other case study centers on aggression in groups of pigs. Several studies indicate that some social assessment and recognition take place between individuals, allowing them to judge each other's aggressiveness and to avoid fighting once a dominance hierarchy has been established. However, the regrouping of previously familiar pigs can also lead to high aggression levels. This suggests that pigs may be able to form only short-term social memories, or that some aspects of their social memory are disrupted before regrouping. Our work shows that pigs have well-developed spatial memory abilities, which can be disrupted by common management procedures. If this were also the case for social memory, it could help explain increased aggression levels in previously familiar pigs after routine procedures. We also show that pigs are able to adjust their foraging behavior depending on the presence or absence of a subordinate, exploitable co-forager that knows where food is. This ability has potential implications for the way feed is best dispensed to pigs such that all group members can maximize their intake.

Published
2002
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42. Book reviews

Author

Grant, K. and Byrne, R. W.

Abstract

Schulkin, J. (1991). Sodium hunger: The search for a salty taste. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Pp. 192. ISBN 0-521-35368-8. £30.00 (hardback).Heiligenberg, W.F. (1991). Neural nets in electric fish. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press (A Bradford Book). Pp. 179. ISBN 0-262-08203-9. £33.75 (hardback).Donald, M. (1991). Origins of the modern mind: Three stages in the evolution of culture and cognition. Cambrdige, MA: Harvard University Press. Pp. 413. ISBN 0-674-64483-2. £22.25 (hardback).

Published
1992
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43. ESTIMATED PROPERTIES OF LAMINAR WAKES WITH COUPLED RATE CHEMISTRY AND DIFFUSION

Author

GENERAL APPLIED SCIENCE LABS INC WESTBURY NY, Bloom, H. M., Byrne, R. W., Kennedy, E. D., GENERAL APPLIED SCIENCE LABS INC WESTBURY NY, Bloom, H. M., Byrne, R. W., and Kennedy, E. D.

Abstract

Theoretical analyses bearing on wake observables required a careful representation of the rate chemistry of air and its coupling with diffusive processes. A selection of preliminary results of recent calculations of laminar, constant-pressure axisymmetric wakes, including chemical-diffusive coupling made for several full-scale flight and firing range conditions is presented. The analysis employs an integral method wherein the governing differential equations are satisfied exactly along the axis. The present chemical and thermodynamical models which consider N2, N, O2, O, NO, NO-ion and electron species are more detailed than those usually used in connection with wake calculations. However, the following assumptions are retained: a. vibrational equilibrium, b. Fick's law of diffusion for each species, c. a single representative Lewis number is taken constant and equal to 1.4, d. a constant value of the Prandtl number was taken as equal to 0.71., Prepared for Lincoln Lab., MA. Inst. of Tech., Lexington.

Published
1962

44. Do elephants show empathy?

Author

Lucy Bates, Lee, P. C., Njiraini, N., Poole, J. H., Sayialel, K., Sayialel, S., Moss, C. J., and Byrne, R. W.

45. Studies in social cognition: From primates to pigs

Author

Suzanne D Held, Mendl, M., Devereux, C., and Byrne, R. W.

Subjects
General Veterinary, Animal Science and Zoology, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Abstract

The stressful effects that environments have on farm and laboratory animal welfare are likely to depend on how much animals understand of the behaviour and intentions of their conspecifics as well as on their understanding of their physical environment. However, studies on animal social cognition have primarily focused on primates. Here, we report on our work on social cognition in domestic pigs. It focuses on the ability of domestic pigs to assess and use to their advantage the behaviour of conspecifics, and uses approaches pioneered in studies on primates. Our work has shown that dominant pigs use the privileged knowledge of a subordinate to their own advantage in a competitive foraging situation. While such exploitative behaviour is likely to be based on rapid learning about the subordinate ‘s behaviour, it is also possible that ‘higher’ cognitive abilities such as visual perspective taking could be involved. Ongoing work uses an adaptation of the Guesser-Knower paradigm to test whether pigs are indeed capable of visual perspective taking.

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