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463 results on '"Bwayo, Job"'

4. Long-Term Survivors in Nairobi: Complete HIV-1 RNA Sequences and Immunogenetic Associations

Author

Fang, Guowei, Kuiken, Carla, Weiser, Barbara, Rowland-Jones, Sarah, Plummer, Francis, Chen, Chih-Hsiung, Kaul, Rupert, Anzala, Aggrey Omu, Bwayo, Job, Kimani, Joshua, Philpott, Sean M., Kitchen, Christina, Sinsheimer, Janet S., Gaschen, Brian, Lang, Dorothy, Shi, Binshan, Kemal, Kimdar Sherefa, Rostron, Tim, Brunner, Cheryl, Beddows, Simon, Sattenau, Quentin, Paxinos, Ellen, Oyugi, Julius, and Burger, Harold

Published
2004

24. Studies of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Mucosal Viral Shedding and Transmission in Kenya

Author

Overbaugh, Julie, Kreiss, Joan, Poss, Mary, Lewis, Paul, Mostad, Sara, John, Grace, Nduati, Ruth, Mbori-Ngacha, Dorothy, Martin, Harold, Richardson, Barbra, Jackson, Stephanie, Neilson, Joel, Long, E. Michelle, Panteleeff, Dana, Welch, Mary, Rakwar, Joel, Jackson, Denis, Chohan, Bhavna, Lavreys, Ludo, Mandaliya, Kishorchandra, Ndinya-Achola, Jeckoniah, and Bwayo, Job

Published
1999

35. Safety and immunogenicity of recombinant low-dosage HIV-1 A vaccine candidates vectored by plasmid pTHr DNA or modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) in humans in East Africa

Author

Jaoko, Walter, Nakwagala, Frederick N., Anzala, Omu, Manyonyi, Gloria Omosa, Birungi, Josephine, Nanvubya, Annet, Bashir, Farah, Bhatt, Kirana, Ogutu, Hilda, Wakasiaka, Sabina, Matu, Lucy, Waruingi, Wambui, Odada, Jane, Oyaro, Micah, Indangasi, Jackton, Ndinya-Achola, Jeckonia, Konde, Carol, Mugisha, Emmanuel, Fast, Patricia, Schmidt, Claudia, Gilmour, Jill, Tarragona, Tony, Smith, Carol, Barin, Burc, Dally, Len, Johnson, Bruce, Muluubya, Andrew, Nielsen, Leslie, Hayes, Peter, Boaz, Mark, Hughes, Peter, Hanke, Tomáš, McMichael, Andrew, Bwayo, Job, and Kaleebu, Pontiano

Published
2008
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36. Sustained changes in sexual behavior by female sex workers after completion of a randomized HIV prevention trial

Author

Ngugi, Elizabeth N., Chakkalackal, Michelle, Sharma, Anjali, Bukusi, Elizabeth, Njoroge, Betty, Kimani, Joshua, MacDonald, Kelly S., Bwayo, Job J., Cohen, Craig R., Moses, Stephen, and Kaul, Rupert

Subjects
HIV infection -- Diagnosis, HIV infection -- Risk factors, Prostitutes -- Sexual behavior, Prostitutes -- Health aspects, HIV testing, Health
Abstract

The results from examination of the sustainability of behavioral interventions in female sex workers (FSWs) which are associated with changes in sexual behavior and reduced rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV recommend less intensive community-based risk reduction services after clinical trial termination.

Published
2007

37. Studies of a prophylactic HIV-1 vaccine candidate based on modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) with and without DNA priming: Effects of dosage and route on safety and immunogenicity

Author

Peters, Barry S., Jaoko, Walter, Vardas, Eftyhia, Panayotakopoulos, George, Fast, Patricia, Schmidt, Claudia, Gilmour, Jill, Bogoshi, Mampedi, Omosa-Manyonyi, Gloria, Dally, Len, Klavinskis, Linda, Farah, Bashir, Tarragona, Tony, Bart, Pierre-Alexandre, Robinson, Andrew, Pieterse, Colleen, Stevens, Wendy, Thomas, Richard, Barin, Burc, McMichael, Andrew J., McIntyre, James A., Pantaleo, Giuseppe, Hanke, Tomáš, and Bwayo, Job

Published
2007
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38. HIV-1 infection alters the retinol-binding protein: transthyretin ratio even in the absence of the acute phase response

Author

Baeten, Jared M., Wener, Mark H., Bankson, Daniel D., Lavreys, Ludo, Richardson, Barbra A., Mandaliya, Kishorchandra, Bwayo, Job J., and McClelland, R. Scott

Subjects
Vitamin A -- Health aspects, Vitamin A -- Research, HIV infection -- Research, Food/cooking/nutrition
Abstract

The ratio of retinol-binding protein (RBP) to transthyretin (TTR) has been proposed as an indirect method with which to assess vitamin A status in the context of inflammation. Few studies have been conducted among adults, and none examined the effect of HIV-1 infection. Our goal was to assess the RBP:TTR ratio among adults, including the effects of HIV-1 and the acute phase response. We used data from a cross-sectional study of 600 Kenyan women, of whom 400 had HIV-1. The effect of vitamin A supplementation among the HIV-1-infected participants was subsequently assessed in a randomized trial. Among HIV-1-uninfected women without an acute phase response, a RBP:TTR cut-off value of 0.25 had ~80% sensitivity and specificity to detect vitamin A deficiency (retinol KEY WORDS: * vitamin A status * retinol-binding protein * transthyretin * HIV * inflammation

Published
2006

39. Associations of sexual risk taking among Kenyan female sex workers after enrollment in an HIV-1 prevention trial

Author

Yadav, Geeta, Kaul, Rupert, Moses, Stephen, Saskin, Refkin, Temmerman, Marleen, Ngugi, Elizabeth, Bwayo, Job J., Kimani, Joshua, MacDonald, Kelly S., Keli, Florence, and Fonck, Karolien

Subjects
Sexually transmitted diseases -- Risk factors, Prostitutes -- Health aspects, Health
Abstract

The study determined whether baseline factors could be identified that predicted a greater or more sustained response to the risk reduction intervention, with an aim of improving the understanding of how prevention strategies can be targeted to better address the needs of vulnerable female sex workers (FSWs). It concluded that home-based FSWs and those charging less for sex used condoms the least at baseline but showed the greatest and most sustained improvements over time.

Published
2005

40. Micronutrients supplementation increases genital tract shedding of HIV-1 in women: Results of a randomized

Author

McClelland, R. Scott, Overbaugh, Julie, Mandaliya, Kishorchandra, Lavreys, Ludo, Bankson, Daniel D., Baeten, Jared M., Richardson, Barbra A., Emery, Sandra, Ndinya-Achola, Jeckoniah O., Kreiss, Joan K., and Bwayo, Job J.

Subjects
Multivitamins -- Health aspects, HIV infection -- Care and treatment, HIV infection -- Nutritional aspects, Health
Abstract

The hypothesis: that micronutrient supplementation decreases genital HIV-1 shedding. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of 6 weeks of multivitamin plus selenium supplementation vs. placebo was conducted among 400 HIV-1-seropositive, nonpregnant, antiretroviral-native women in Mombasa, Kenya. The potential benefit of micronutrient supplementation in HIV-1-seropositive women should be considered in relation to the potential for increased infectivity.

Published
2004

41. Monthly antibiotic chemoprophylaxis and incidence of sexually transmitted infections and HIV-1 infection in Kenyan sex workers

Author

Kaul, Rupert, Kimani, Joshua, Nagelkerke, Nico J., Fonck, Karoline, Ngugi, Elizabeth N., Keli, Florence, MacDonald, Kelly S., Maclean, Ian W., Bwayo, Job J., Temmerman, Marleen, Ronald, Allan R., and Moses, Stephen

Subjects
Prostitutes -- Health aspects, HIV infection -- Prevention, Sexually transmitted diseases -- Care and treatment, Sexually transmitted diseases -- Research, Antibiotics -- Health aspects, Antibiotics -- Research
Abstract

A study is conducted to examine regular antibiotic prophylaxis in Female Sex Workers (FSWs) as a strategy for reducing the incidence of bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) and HIV-1. The findings indicate that the addition of monthly azithromycin prophylaxis to established HIV-! risk reduction strategies reduced the incidence of STIs but did not reduce the incidence of HIV-1.

Published
2004

45. Vitamin A deficiency and the acute phase response among HIV-1-infected and -uninfected women in Kenia

Author

Baeten, Jared M., McClelland, R. Scott, Richardson, Barbara A., Bankson, Daniel D., Lavreys, Ludo, Wener, Mark H., Overbaugh, Julie, Mandaliya, Kishorchandra, Ndinya-Achola, Jeckoniah O., Bwayo, Job J., and Kreiss, Joan K.

Subjects
Epidemiology -- Statistics, Epidemiology -- Research, HIV patients -- Demographic aspects, HIV patients -- Health aspects, HIV patients -- Care and treatment, HIV infection -- Demographic aspects, HIV infection -- Prevention, HIV infection -- Research, HIV infection -- Health aspects, Vitamin A deficiency -- Health aspects, Women -- Demographic aspects, Women -- Health aspects, Health
Abstract

Research has been conducted on the vitamin A deficiency among HIV-infected and -uninfected women in Kenya. The relationship between serum vitamin A concentration and HIV-1 status, disease state and acute phase response markers has been investigated and the details are reported.

Published
2002

46. Cross-clade HIV-1-specific neutralizing IgA in mucosal and systemic compartments of HIV-1-exposed, persistently seronegative subjects

Author

Devito, Claudia, Hinkula, Jorma, Kaul, Rupert, Kimani, Joshua, Kiama, Peter, Lopalco, Lucia, Barass, Claudia, Piconi, Stefania, Trabattoni, Daria, Bwayo, Job J., Plummer, Francis, Clerici, Mario, and Broliden, Kristina

Subjects
AIDS (Disease) -- Physiological aspects, HIV infection -- Physiological aspects, Cladistic analysis -- Usage, AIDS vaccines -- Research, Natural immunity -- Research, Health
Abstract

The ability of plasma and mucosal IgA purified from HIV-1-exposed, persistently seronegative (HEPS) subjects to neutralize HIV-1 primary isolates of different viral clades and phenotypes has been studied. IgA from two groups of HEPS persons, sex workers in Kenya, where clades A and D predominate, and from heterosexual partners of individuals infected by clade B virus was tested. Mucosal and plasma IgA from HEPS subjects was found to neutralize HIV-1 of different clades. This ability may be important in an effective HIV-1 vaccine. Whether a vaccine will be able to protect against HIV-1 of different clades is a significant concern.

Published
2002

47. Reduced HIV risk-taking and low HIV incidence after enrollment and risk-reduction counseling in a sexually transmitted disease prevention trial in Nairobi, Kenia

Author

Kaul, Rupert, Kimani, Joshua, Nagelkerke, Nico J., Fonck, Karoline, Keli, Florence, MacDonald, Kelly S., Ronald, Allan R., Plummer, Francis A., Bwayo, Job J., Ngugi, Elizabeth N., Temmerman, Marleen, and Moses, Stephen

Subjects
Epidemiology -- Statistics, Epidemiology -- Research, HIV patients -- Health aspects, HIV patients -- Care and treatment, HIV infection -- Demographic aspects, HIV infection -- Prevention, HIV infection -- Research, HIV infection -- Health aspects, Sexually transmitted diseases -- Demographic aspects, Sexually transmitted diseases -- Prevention, Sexually transmitted diseases -- Health aspects, Health
Abstract

Research has been conducted on HIV prevention. The development of the more effective methods of HIV and sexually transmitted infection prevention and the development of HIV vaccine are discussed.

Published
2002

48. Morbidity and mortality in breastfed and formula-fed infants of HIV-1-infected women: A randomized clinical trial. (ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION)

Author

Mbori-Ngacha, Dorothy, Nduati, Ruth, John, Grace, Reilly, Marie, Richardson, Barbra, Mwatha, Anthony, Ndinya-Achola, Jeckoniah, Bwayo, Job, and Kreiss, Joan

Subjects
HIV infection in children -- Prevention, Infant formulas -- Usage, Infants (Newborn) -- Food and nutrition
Abstract

HIV-infected women in developing countries should be encouraged to use infant formula provided a clean source of water is available to prepare it. This will reduce the risk of the mother transmitting the virus to her baby in breast milk., Context Breastfeeding among women infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is associated with substantial risk of HIV-1 transmission, but little is known about the morbidity risks associated with formula feeding in infants of HIV-1-infected women in resource-poor settings. Objective To compare morbidity, nutritional status, mortality adjusted for HIV-1 status, and cause of death among formula-fed and breastfed infants of HIV-1-infected women. Design Randomized clinical trial conducted between 1992 and 1998. Setting Four antenatal clinics in Nairobi, Kenya. Participants Of 401 live-born, singleton, or first-born twin infants of randomized HIV-1--seropositive mothers, 371 were included in the analysis of morbidity and mortality. Interventions Mothers were randomly assigned either to use formula (n=186) or to breastfeed (n=185) their infants. Main Outcome Measures Mortality rates, adjusted for HIV-1 infection status; morbidity; and nutritional status during the first 2 years of life. Results Two-year estimated mortality rates among infants were similar in the formula-feeding and breastfeeding arms (20.0% vs 24.4%; hazard ratio [HR], 0.8; 95% confidence interval [Cl], 0.5-1.3), even after adjusting for HIV-1 infection status (HR, 1.1;95% Cl, 0.7-1.7). Infection with HIV-1 was associated with a 9.0-fold increased mortality risk (95% Cl, 5.3-15.3). The incidence of diarrhea during the 2 years of follow-up was similar in formula and breastfeeding arms (155 vs 149 per 100 person-years, respectively). The incidence of pneumonia was identical in the 2 groups (62 per 100 person-years), and there were no significant differences in incidence of other recorded illnesses. Infants in the breastfeeding arm tended to have better nutritional status, significantly so during the first 6 months of life. Conclusions In this randomized clinical trial, infants assigned to be formula fed or breastfed had similar mortality rates and incidence of diarrhea and pneumonia during the first 2 years of life. However, HIV-1--free survival at 2 years was significantly higher in the formula arm. With appropriate education and access to clean water, formula feeding can be a safe alternative to breastfeeding for infants of HIV-1--infected mothers in a resource-poor setting.

Published
2001

49. Selenium deficiency is associated with shedding of HIV-1-infected cells in the female genital tract

Author

Baeten, Jared M., Mostad, Sara B., Hughes, Martin P., Overbaugh, Julie, Bankson, Daniel D., Mandaliya, Kishorchandra, Ndinya-Achola, Jeckoniah O., Bwayo, Job J., and Kreiss, Joan K.

Subjects
HIV infection in women, Selenium in human nutrition -- Health aspects, Health
Abstract

Selenium deficiency can triple an HIV-infected woman's risk of shedding the virus in vaginal secretions, according to a study of 318 HIV-infected women in Kenya. This indicates that proper nutrition might make HIV-infected women less infectious.

Published
2001

50. Trends in HIV-1incidence in a cohort of prostitutes in Kenya: implications for HIV-1 vaccine efficacy trials

Author

Baeten, Jared M., Richardson, Barbra A., Martin, Harold L., Jr., Nyange, Patrick M., Lavreys, Ludo, Ngugi, Elizabeth N., Mandaliya, Kishorchandra, Ndinya-Achola, Jeckoniah O., Bwayo, Job J., and Kreiss, Joan K.

Subjects
HIV infection -- Statistics, Prostitutes -- Health aspects, AIDS vaccines -- Research, Health
Abstract

The incidence of HIV infection in a group of prostitutes dropped significantly once they enrolled in a AIDS vaccine trial even though they never received a vaccine. The reasons for this are not clear, but may reflect the fact that people change their behavior when they are enrolled in a clinical trial.

Published
2000

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