Search

Your search keyword '"Buzhilova A"' showing total 334 results
Start Over Author "Buzhilova A"
334 results on '"Buzhilova A"'

1. Archaeogenomics of humans from the layer of the Upper Volga Culture revealed their greatest genetic similarity with Eastern European hunter-gatherers and ancient representatives of Mesolithic/Neolithic Europe

Author

Andreeva T.V., Zhilin M.G., Malyarchuk A.B., Engovatova A.V., Soshkina A.D., Dobrovolskaya M.V., Buzhilova A.P., and Rogaev E.I.

Subjects
archaeogenomics, eastern europe, upper volga culture, genome of eastern hunter-gatherers, late mesolithic, early neolithic., Archaeology, CC1-960
Abstract

The genetic structure of the population of Northern Europe of the Mesolithic-Neolithic period currently remains poorly investigated due to the small number of materials available for research. For the first time, the complete genome of an individual from the multilayer Meso-Neolithic site Ivanovskoe VII, located in the Upper Volga region in Yaroslavl Oblast, was studied. According to stratigraphic data, an isolated skull of an adult male without a lower jaw was found in layer II containing ceramics of the Upper Volga Early Neolithic Culture. AMS date obtained from the scull bone. The calibrated age of the collagen sample was determined with a probability of 1σ (68 %) in the interval 6588–6498 cal.y.b. (UGAMS-67431 OxCal v4.4), wich corresponds to the Late Mesolithic. The dates of the peat containing layer II of the culture lie between 6000 and 7000 radiocarbon years ago. The main aim of the study is to elucidate the position of this individual in the context of the genomic landscape of Mesolithic and Neolithic Europe. It is shown that the genetic profile of the studied individual (DM5) fully coincides with the genetic diversity profile of the Eastern Hunter-Gatherers (EHG). Haplogroups of mitochondrial DNA (U5a2+16294) and Y-chromosome (R1b1a1) testify to its genetic connection with ancient Mesolithic populations of Europe. The DM5 sample has an additional substitution at position 54 of mtDNA in common with the most ancient samples of this mitochondrial haplogroup from the territory of Western Europe (England and France), which suggests the existence of a probable ancestor belonging to an even earlier period (Late Paleolithic), possibly on the territory of Western Europe. Specimen DM5 is clustered together with several ancient territorially and chronologically separated groups. First, with representatives of Mesolithic hunter-gatherers of northern Eastern Europe (South Oleniy Island, Karelia; Minino I and II, Vologda region; Peschanitsa, and Popovo, Arkhangelsk region). Second, DM5 is similar to Early Mesolithic materials from the Middle Volga region — the oldest representative of Mesolithic hunter-gatherers from Sidelkino and an Eneolithic specimen from Lebyazhinka, Samara region. Third, in the cluster of individuals close to DM5 there are representatives of later groups — from the Early Neolithic Yazykovo I, Tver region, Middle Neolithic Karavaikha, Vologda region and Eneolithic layers of the Murzikhinsky II burial ground, which is located near the village of Alekseevskoye (Tatarstan) in the mouth of the Kama River. The data we obtained do not exclude that the Early Eneolithic Upper Volga Culture has local Mesolithic roots, which indicates the long-term preservation of the oldest gene pool of Europe in the central part of the Russian Plain.

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

2. Exploring Hypotheses on Early Holocene Caspian Seafaring Through Personal Ornaments: A Study of Changing Styles and Symbols in Western Central Asia

Author

Rigaud Solange, Queffelec Alain, Le Bourdonnec François-Xavier, Alisher kyzy Saltanat, Ambrose Stanley H., Ledevin Ronan, Kurbanov Redzhep, Buzhilova Alexandra, Berezina Natalia, Ziganshin Rustam H., and Shnaider Svetlana

Subjects
neolithic, caspian mesolithic, bead, raman spectroscopy, sem, Archaeology, CC1-960
Abstract

This article studies the discoid Didacna sp. shell beads discovered at Kaylu, a Middle Holocene burial site located in Southern Turkmenistan. Microscopic, morphometric, spectrometric, and SEM analyses were carried out on the material to identify how the beads were manufactured and used. New radiocarbon dating and bioanthropological data to age and sex the two skeletons discovered in the burials are provided. A regional synthesis shows that personal ornaments from the Caspian region were diversified through time and that a stylistic shift between the last foragers and the first farmers occurred. We also observed strong correspondences between the personal ornaments documented in the northern, eastern, and western Caspian Sea during the Neolithic, with no evidence of similar symbolic production in Northern Iran. We propose that a northern route may have allowed the diffusion of common ornamental traditions in the Caspian region to the exclusion of the southern Caspian. Alternatively, discontinuities in material culture diffusion in coastal areas could be evidence of maritime voyaging. Seafaring may have granted the fast and spatially erratic diffusion of specific bead types, people, information, knowledge, and symbols from both sides of the Caspian Sea, by long maritime voyages or by leapfrog diffusion during the Neolithic.

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

3. Methodological aspects of differentiation of hyperostosis frontalis interna based on computed tomography of the skulls

Author

Buzhilova A.P. and Kolyasnikova A.S.

Subjects
hyperostosis frontalis interna, hfi, paleoanthropology, ct scan, palaeopathology, metabolic diseases, Archaeology, CC1-960
Abstract

Hyperostosis frontalis interna (HFI) is a pathological condition characterized by bilateral thickening of the inner surface of the frontal bone. HFI is often an incidental finding during routine clinical examinations of patients by computed tomography. The etiology of the condition is currently unknown, but HFI commonly appears with a number of metabolic disorders and hormonal dysfunctions. According to studies, hyperostosis frontalis interna is more common in women than in men. Frequency of HFI is increasing in the modern population. In this study, 195 CT scans of mature individuals of various sex and ages were analyzed using the Amira 2020.1 software: 145 CT scans of skulls from from the collections of the Anuchin Research Institute and Museum of Anthropology, Moscow State University and 50 CT scans of Israeli Bedouins from the Institute's exchange collection (with the University of Tel-Aviv, Israel). Nine cases of hyperostosis frontalis interna (5 in males and 4 in females) were found among the analyzed scans. A three-step algorithm for identifying HFI was generated, as well as criteria for distinguishing hyperostosis frontalis interna from other endocranial bony overgrowths. The integrity of the skull, the condition of the frontal bone and other skull bones should be evaluated to exclude diffuse pathological changes which are morphologically close to HFI. Also a researcher should pay attention to the localization of the growths, their boundaries and prevalence. The condition of the diploe and endocranial plate of the frontal bone should be evaluated and compared it with other layers in other bones of the skull on 2D slices. Evaluation of the relief of the internal surface of the frontal bone should be performed on 2D slices in different sections. The pathology should be distinguished using data of localization, prevalence, involvement of other bone structures of the skull, as well as the condition of the diploe and inner surface of the frontal bone. The method can be useful for a comparative study using morphological and radiological criteria, which will help to exclude doubtful cases during analyzing pathology on paleoanthropological material.

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

4. The rise and transformation of Bronze Age pastoralists in the Caucasus

Author

Ghalichi, Ayshin, Reinhold, Sabine, Rohrlach, Adam B., Kalmykov, Alexey A., Childebayeva, Ainash, Yu, He, Aron, Franziska, Semerau, Lena, Bastert-Lamprichs, Katrin, Belinskiy, Andrey B., Berezina, Natalia Y., Berezin, Yakov B., Broomandkhoshbacht, Nasreen, Buzhilova, Alexandra P., Erlikh, Vladimir R., Fehren-Schmitz, Lars, Gambashidze, Irina, Kantorovich, Anatoliy R., Kolesnichenko, Konstantin B., Lordkipanidze, David, Magomedov, Rabadan G., Malek-Custodis, Katharina, Mariaschk, Dirk, Maslov, Vladimir E., Mkrtchyan, Levon, Nagler, Anatoli, Fazeli Nashli, Hassan, Ochir, Maria, Piotrovskiy, Yuri Y., Saribekyan, Mariam, Sheremetev, Aleksandr G., Stöllner, Thomas, Thomalsky, Judith, Vardanyan, Benik, Posth, Cosimo, Krause, Johannes, Warinner, Christina, Hansen, Svend, and Haak, Wolfgang

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

5. Population genomics of post-glacial western Eurasia

Author

Allentoft, Morten E, Sikora, Martin, Refoyo-Martínez, Alba, Irving-Pease, Evan K, Fischer, Anders, Barrie, William, Ingason, Andrés, Stenderup, Jesper, Sjögren, Karl-Göran, Pearson, Alice, Sousa da Mota, Bárbara, Schulz Paulsson, Bettina, Halgren, Alma, Macleod, Ruairidh, Jørkov, Marie Louise Schjellerup, Demeter, Fabrice, Sørensen, Lasse, Nielsen, Poul Otto, Henriksen, Rasmus A, Vimala, Tharsika, McColl, Hugh, Margaryan, Ashot, Ilardo, Melissa, Vaughn, Andrew, Fischer Mortensen, Morten, Nielsen, Anne Birgitte, Ulfeldt Hede, Mikkel, Johannsen, Niels Nørkjær, Rasmussen, Peter, Vinner, Lasse, Renaud, Gabriel, Stern, Aaron, Jensen, Theis Zetner Trolle, Scorrano, Gabriele, Schroeder, Hannes, Lysdahl, Per, Ramsøe, Abigail Daisy, Skorobogatov, Andrei, Schork, Andrew Joseph, Rosengren, Anders, Ruter, Anthony, Outram, Alan, Timoshenko, Aleksey A, Buzhilova, Alexandra, Coppa, Alfredo, Zubova, Alisa, Silva, Ana Maria, Hansen, Anders J, Gromov, Andrey, Logvin, Andrey, Gotfredsen, Anne Birgitte, Henning Nielsen, Bjarne, González-Rabanal, Borja, Lalueza-Fox, Carles, McKenzie, Catriona J, Gaunitz, Charleen, Blasco, Concepción, Liesau, Corina, Martinez-Labarga, Cristina, Pozdnyakov, Dmitri V, Cuenca-Solana, David, Lordkipanidze, David O, En’shin, Dmitri, Salazar-García, Domingo C, Price, T Douglas, Borić, Dušan, Kostyleva, Elena, Veselovskaya, Elizaveta V, Usmanova, Emma R, Cappellini, Enrico, Brinch Petersen, Erik, Kannegaard, Esben, Radina, Francesca, Eylem Yediay, Fulya, Duday, Henri, Gutiérrez-Zugasti, Igor, Merts, Ilya, Potekhina, Inna, Shevnina, Irina, Altinkaya, Isin, Guilaine, Jean, Hansen, Jesper, Aura Tortosa, Joan Emili, Zilhão, João, Vega, Jorge, Buck Pedersen, Kristoffer, Tunia, Krzysztof, Zhao, Lei, Mylnikova, Liudmila N, Larsson, Lars, Metz, Laure, Yepiskoposyan, Levon, Pedersen, Lisbeth, Sarti, Lucia, Orlando, Ludovic, Slimak, Ludovic, Klassen, Lutz, Blank, Malou, González-Morales, Manuel, and Silvestrini, Mara

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Genetics, History, Heritage and Archaeology, Human Society, Historical Studies, Anthropology, Biotechnology, Humans, Genomics, Diploidy, Agriculture, Europe, Metagenomics, General Science & Technology
Abstract

Western Eurasia witnessed several large-scale human migrations during the Holocene1-5. Here, to investigate the cross-continental effects of these migrations, we shotgun-sequenced 317 genomes-mainly from the Mesolithic and Neolithic periods-from across northern and western Eurasia. These were imputed alongside published data to obtain diploid genotypes from more than 1,600 ancient humans. Our analyses revealed a 'great divide' genomic boundary extending from the Black Sea to the Baltic. Mesolithic hunter-gatherers were highly genetically differentiated east and west of this zone, and the effect of the neolithization was equally disparate. Large-scale ancestry shifts occurred in the west as farming was introduced, including near-total replacement of hunter-gatherers in many areas, whereas no substantial ancestry shifts happened east of the zone during the same period. Similarly, relatedness decreased in the west from the Neolithic transition onwards, whereas, east of the Urals, relatedness remained high until around 4,000 BP, consistent with the persistence of localized groups of hunter-gatherers. The boundary dissolved when Yamnaya-related ancestry spread across western Eurasia around 5,000 BP, resulting in a second major turnover that reached most parts of Europe within a 1,000-year span. The genetic origin and fate of the Yamnaya have remained elusive, but we show that hunter-gatherers from the Middle Don region contributed ancestry to them. Yamnaya groups later admixed with individuals associated with the Globular Amphora culture before expanding into Europe. Similar turnovers occurred in western Siberia, where we report new genomic data from a 'Neolithic steppe' cline spanning the Siberian forest steppe to Lake Baikal. These prehistoric migrations had profound and lasting effects on the genetic diversity of Eurasian populations.

Published
2024

9. Publisher Correction: Population genomics of post-glacial western Eurasia

Author

Allentoft, Morten E., Sikora, Martin, Refoyo-Martínez, Alba, Irving-Pease, Evan K., Fischer, Anders, Barrie, William, Ingason, Andrés, Stenderup, Jesper, Sjögren, Karl-Göran, Pearson, Alice, Sousa da Mota, Bárbara, Schulz Paulsson, Bettina, Halgren, Alma, Macleod, Ruairidh, Jørkov, Marie Louise Schjellerup, Demeter, Fabrice, Sørensen, Lasse, Nielsen, Poul Otto, Henriksen, Rasmus A., Vimala, Tharsika, McColl, Hugh, Margaryan, Ashot, Ilardo, Melissa, Vaughn, Andrew, Fischer Mortensen, Morten, Nielsen, Anne Birgitte, Ulfeldt Hede, Mikkel, Johannsen, Niels Nørkjær, Rasmussen, Peter, Vinner, Lasse, Renaud, Gabriel, Stern, Aaron, Jensen, Theis Zetner Trolle, Scorrano, Gabriele, Schroeder, Hannes, Lysdahl, Per, Ramsøe, Abigail Daisy, Skorobogatov, Andrei, Schork, Andrew Joseph, Rosengren, Anders, Ruter, Anthony, Outram, Alan, Timoshenko, Aleksey A., Buzhilova, Alexandra, Coppa, Alfredo, Zubova, Alisa, Silva, Ana Maria, Hansen, Anders J., Gromov, Andrey, Logvin, Andrey, Gotfredsen, Anne Birgitte, Henning Nielsen, Bjarne, González-Rabanal, Borja, Lalueza-Fox, Carles, McKenzie, Catriona J., Gaunitz, Charleen, Blasco, Concepción, Liesau, Corina, Martinez-Labarga, Cristina, Pozdnyakov, Dmitri V., Cuenca-Solana, David, Lordkipanidze, David O., En’shin, Dmitri, Salazar-García, Domingo C., Price, T. Douglas, Borić, Dušan, Kostyleva, Elena, Veselovskaya, Elizaveta V., Usmanova, Emma R., Cappellini, Enrico, Brinch Petersen, Erik, Kannegaard, Esben, Radina, Francesca, Eylem Yediay, Fulya, Duday, Henri, Gutiérrez-Zugasti, Igor, Merts, Ilya, Potekhina, Inna, Shevnina, Irina, Altinkaya, Isin, Guilaine, Jean, Hansen, Jesper, Aura Tortosa, Joan Emili, Zilhão, João, Vega, Jorge, Buck Pedersen, Kristoffer, Tunia, Krzysztof, Zhao, Lei, Mylnikova, Liudmila N., Larsson, Lars, Metz, Laure, Yepiskoposyan, Levon, Pedersen, Lisbeth, Sarti, Lucia, Orlando, Ludovic, Slimak, Ludovic, Klassen, Lutz, Blank, Malou, González-Morales, Manuel, Silvestrini, Mara, Vretemark, Maria, Nesterova, Marina S., Rykun, Marina, Rolfo, Mario Federico, Szmyt, Marzena, Przybyła, Marcin, Calattini, Mauro, Sablin, Mikhail, Dobisíková, Miluše, Meldgaard, Morten, Johansen, Morten, Berezina, Natalia, Card, Nick, Saveliev, Nikolai A., Poshekhonova, Olga, Rickards, Olga, Lozovskaya, Olga V., Gábor, Olivér, Uldum, Otto Christian, Aurino, Paola, Kosintsev, Pavel, Courtaud, Patrice, Ríos, Patricia, Mortensen, Peder, Lotz, Per, Persson, Per, Bangsgaard, Pernille, de Barros Damgaard, Peter, Vang Petersen, Peter, Martinez, Pilar Prieto, Włodarczak, Piotr, Smolyaninov, Roman V., Maring, Rikke, Menduiña, Roberto, Badalyan, Ruben, Iversen, Rune, Turin, Ruslan, Vasilyev, Sergey, Wåhlin, Sidsel, Borutskaya, Svetlana, Skochina, Svetlana, Sørensen, Søren Anker, Andersen, Søren H., Jørgensen, Thomas, Serikov, Yuri B., Molodin, Vyacheslav I., Smrcka, Vaclav, Merts, Victor, Appadurai, Vivek, Moiseyev, Vyacheslav, Magnusson, Yvonne, Kjær, Kurt H., Lynnerup, Niels, Lawson, Daniel J., Sudmant, Peter H., Rasmussen, Simon, Korneliussen, Thorfinn Sand, Durbin, Richard, Nielsen, Rasmus, Delaneau, Olivier, Werge, Thomas, Racimo, Fernando, Kristiansen, Kristian, and Willerslev, Eske

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

10. Palaeogenomics of Upper Palaeolithic to Neolithic European hunter-gatherers

Author

Posth, Cosimo, Yu, He, Ghalichi, Ayshin, Rougier, Hélène, Crevecoeur, Isabelle, Huang, Yilei, Ringbauer, Harald, Rohrlach, Adam B., Nägele, Kathrin, Villalba-Mouco, Vanessa, Radzeviciute, Rita, Ferraz, Tiago, Stoessel, Alexander, Tukhbatova, Rezeda, Drucker, Dorothée G., Lari, Martina, Modi, Alessandra, Vai, Stefania, Saupe, Tina, Scheib, Christiana L., Catalano, Giulio, Pagani, Luca, Talamo, Sahra, Fewlass, Helen, Klaric, Laurent, Morala, André, Rué, Mathieu, Madelaine, Stéphane, Crépin, Laurent, Caverne, Jean-Baptiste, Bocaege, Emmy, Ricci, Stefano, Boschin, Francesco, Bayle, Priscilla, Maureille, Bruno, Le Brun-Ricalens, Foni, Bordes, Jean-Guillaume, Oxilia, Gregorio, Bortolini, Eugenio, Bignon-Lau, Olivier, Debout, Grégory, Orliac, Michel, Zazzo, Antoine, Sparacello, Vitale, Starnini, Elisabetta, Sineo, Luca, van der Plicht, Johannes, Pecqueur, Laure, Merceron, Gildas, Garcia, Géraldine, Leuvrey, Jean-Michel, Garcia, Coralie Bay, Gómez-Olivencia, Asier, Połtowicz-Bobak, Marta, Bobak, Dariusz, Le Luyer, Mona, Storm, Paul, Hoffmann, Claudia, Kabaciński, Jacek, Filimonova, Tatiana, Shnaider, Svetlana, Berezina, Natalia, González-Rabanal, Borja, González Morales, Manuel R., Marín-Arroyo, Ana B., López, Belén, Alonso-Llamazares, Carmen, Ronchitelli, Annamaria, Polet, Caroline, Jadin, Ivan, Cauwe, Nicolas, Soler, Joaquim, Coromina, Neus, Rufí, Isaac, Cottiaux, Richard, Clark, Geoffrey, Straus, Lawrence G., Julien, Marie-Anne, Renhart, Silvia, Talaa, Dorothea, Benazzi, Stefano, Romandini, Matteo, Amkreutz, Luc, Bocherens, Hervé, Wißing, Christoph, Villotte, Sébastien, de Pablo, Javier Fernández-López, Gómez-Puche, Magdalena, Esquembre-Bebia, Marco Aurelio, Bodu, Pierre, Smits, Liesbeth, Souffi, Bénédicte, Jankauskas, Rimantas, Kozakaitė, Justina, Cupillard, Christophe, Benthien, Hartmut, Wehrberger, Kurt, Schmitz, Ralf W., Feine, Susanne C., Schüler, Tim, Thevenet, Corinne, Grigorescu, Dan, Lüth, Friedrich, Kotula, Andreas, Piezonka, Henny, Schopper, Franz, Svoboda, Jiří, Sázelová, Sandra, Chizhevsky, Andrey, Khokhlov, Aleksandr, Conard, Nicholas J., Valentin, Frédérique, Harvati, Katerina, Semal, Patrick, Jungklaus, Bettina, Suvorov, Alexander, Schulting, Rick, Moiseyev, Vyacheslav, Mannermaa, Kristiina, Buzhilova, Alexandra, Terberger, Thomas, Caramelli, David, Altena, Eveline, Haak, Wolfgang, and Krause, Johannes

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

11. Population genomics of the Viking world

Author

Margaryan, Ashot, Lawson, Daniel J, Sikora, Martin, Racimo, Fernando, Rasmussen, Simon, Moltke, Ida, Cassidy, Lara M, Jørsboe, Emil, Ingason, Andrés, Pedersen, Mikkel W, Korneliussen, Thorfinn, Wilhelmson, Helene, Buś, Magdalena M, de Barros Damgaard, Peter, Martiniano, Rui, Renaud, Gabriel, Bhérer, Claude, Moreno-Mayar, J Víctor, Fotakis, Anna K, Allen, Marie, Allmäe, Raili, Molak, Martyna, Cappellini, Enrico, Scorrano, Gabriele, McColl, Hugh, Buzhilova, Alexandra, Fox, Allison, Albrechtsen, Anders, Schütz, Berit, Skar, Birgitte, Arcini, Caroline, Falys, Ceri, Jonson, Charlotte Hedenstierna, Błaszczyk, Dariusz, Pezhemsky, Denis, Turner-Walker, Gordon, Gestsdóttir, Hildur, Lundstrøm, Inge, Gustin, Ingrid, Mainland, Ingrid, Potekhina, Inna, Muntoni, Italo M, Cheng, Jade, Stenderup, Jesper, Ma, Jilong, Gibson, Julie, Peets, Jüri, Gustafsson, Jörgen, Iversen, Katrine H, Simpson, Linzi, Strand, Lisa, Loe, Louise, Sikora, Maeve, Florek, Marek, Vretemark, Maria, Redknap, Mark, Bajka, Monika, Pushkina, Tamara, Søvsø, Morten, Grigoreva, Natalia, Christensen, Tom, Kastholm, Ole, Uldum, Otto, Favia, Pasquale, Holck, Per, Sten, Sabine, Arge, Símun V, Ellingvåg, Sturla, Moiseyev, Vayacheslav, Bogdanowicz, Wiesław, Magnusson, Yvonne, Orlando, Ludovic, Pentz, Peter, Jessen, Mads Dengsø, Pedersen, Anne, Collard, Mark, Bradley, Daniel G, Jørkov, Marie Louise, Arneborg, Jette, Lynnerup, Niels, Price, Neil, Gilbert, M Thomas P, Allentoft, Morten E, Bill, Jan, Sindbæk, Søren M, Hedeager, Lotte, Kristiansen, Kristian, Nielsen, Rasmus, Werge, Thomas, and Willerslev, Eske

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Genetics, History, Heritage and Archaeology, Archaeology, Historical Studies, Human Genome, Underpinning research, 1.1 Normal biological development and functioning, Alleles, Datasets as Topic, England, Evolution, Molecular, Gene Flow, Genetics, Population, Genome, Human, Genomics, Greenland, History, Medieval, Human Migration, Humans, Immunity, Ireland, Lactase, Male, Scandinavian and Nordic Countries, Selection, Genetic, Spatio-Temporal Analysis, Young Adult, General Science & Technology
Abstract

The maritime expansion of Scandinavian populations during the Viking Age (about AD 750-1050) was a far-flung transformation in world history1,2. Here we sequenced the genomes of 442 humans from archaeological sites across Europe and Greenland (to a median depth of about 1×) to understand the global influence of this expansion. We find the Viking period involved gene flow into Scandinavia from the south and east. We observe genetic structure within Scandinavia, with diversity hotspots in the south and restricted gene flow within Scandinavia. We find evidence for a major influx of Danish ancestry into England; a Swedish influx into the Baltic; and Norwegian influx into Ireland, Iceland and Greenland. Additionally, we see substantial ancestry from elsewhere in Europe entering Scandinavia during the Viking Age. Our ancient DNA analysis also revealed that a Viking expedition included close family members. By comparing with modern populations, we find that pigmentation-associated loci have undergone strong population differentiation during the past millennium, and trace positively selected loci-including the lactase-persistence allele of LCT and alleles of ANKA that are associated with the immune response-in detail. We conclude that the Viking diaspora was characterized by substantial transregional engagement: distinct populations influenced the genomic makeup of different regions of Europe, and Scandinavia experienced increased contact with the rest of the continent.

Published
2020

12. Middle Holocene Siberian genomes reveal highly connected gene pools throughout North Asia

Author

Wang, Ke, Yu, He, Radzevičiūtė, Rita, Kiryushin, Yuriy F., Tishkin, Alexey A., Frolov, Yaroslav V., Stepanova, Nadezhda F., Kiryushin, Kirill Yu., Kungurov, Artur L., Shnaider, Svetlana V., Tur, Svetlana S., Tiunov, Mikhail P., Zubova, Alisa V., Pevzner, Maria, Karimov, Timur, Buzhilova, Alexandra, Slon, Viviane, Jeong, Choongwon, Krause, Johannes, and Posth, Cosimo

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

13. Ethnic differences in risk factors and prevalence of type 2 diabetes in the adult population of the Russian Federation

Author

I. V. Kononenko, M. V. Shestakova, A. R. Elfimova, I. A. Khomyakova, A. P. Buzhilova, and N. G. Mokrysheva

Subjects
diabetes mellitus, carbohydrate metabolism disorders, ethnic groups, prevalence, risk factors, anthropometric features, Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases, RC620-627
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Russia is one of the most multinational states in the world. Identification of ethnic groups with a higher risk of developing DM2, analysis of risk factors for the development of DM2 will allow developing personalized approaches to the prevention and treatment of DM2.AIMS: To reveal ethnic features of the prevalence of carbohydrate metabolism disorders and risk factors for the development of DM2 in the adult population of the Russian Federation.MATERIALS AND METHODS. A retrospective analysis of the database of the national epidemiological cross-sectional study NATION was carried out. Depending on the self-specified nationality, on the basis of anthropological characteristics, the following ethnic groups were identified: “Mongoloid population”, “Peoples of the Volga region”, “Peoples of the North Caucasus”, “Peoples of Transcaucasia”, “Russians”. The analysis consisted of several stages and included: analysis of the anthropometric features of the selected groups, taking into account the presence of carbohydrate metabolism disorders (MO); study of the prevalence of violations of the MA in the selected ethnic groups; analysis of ethnic characteristics of risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes; analysis of the frequency of violations of the MA in various ethnic groups, taking into account the territory of residence. MR disorders were defined as the presence of DM and/or prediabetes. In accordance with the WHO criteria, HbA1c≥6.5% corresponded to the diagnosis of DM, HbA1c values in the range of 5.7%≤HbA1c

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

15. Emergence and intensification of dairying in the Caucasus and Eurasian steppes

Author

Scott, Ashley, Reinhold, Sabine, Hermes, Taylor, Kalmykov, Alexey A., Belinskiy, Andrey, Buzhilova, Alexandra, Berezina, Natalia, Kantorovich, Anatoliy R., Maslov, Vladimir E., Guliyev, Farhad, Lyonnet, Bertille, Gasimov, Parviz, Jalilov, Bakhtiyar, Eminli, Jeyhun, Iskandarov, Emil, Hammer, Emily, Nugent, Selin E., Hagan, Richard, Majander, Kerttu, Onkamo, Päivi, Nordqvist, Kerkko, Shishlina, Natalia, Kaverzneva, Elena, Korolev, Arkadiy I., Khokhlov, Aleksandr A., Smolyaninov, Roman V., Sharapova, Svetlana V., Krause, Rüdiger, Karapetian, Marina, Stolarczyk, Eliza, Krause, Johannes, Hansen, Svend, Haak, Wolfgang, and Warinner, Christina

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

16. Ethnic differences in risk factors and prevalence of type 2 diabetes in the adult population of the Russian Federation (a sub-analysis of the NATION study)

Author

Irina V. Kononenko, Marina V. Shestakova, Alina R. Elfimova, Irina A. Khomyakova, Alexandra P. Buzhilova, and Natalya G. Mokrysheva

Subjects
diabetes, carbohydrate metabolism disorders, ethnic groups, prevalence, risk factors, anthropometrics, Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases, RC620-627
Abstract

A retrospective analysis of the database of the NATION nation-wide epidemiological cross-sectional study was carried out. Depending on the self-declared ethnicity and anthropological characteristics, the following ethnic groups were identified: “Mongoloid population”, “Peoples of the Volga region”, “Peoples of the North Caucasus”, “Peoples of Transcaucasia”, “Russians”. The analysis consisted of several stages and included: analysis of the selected groups’ anthropometrics, analysis of the prevalence of carbohydrate metabolism disorders in the selected ethnic groups, analysis of ethnic-specific T2D risk factors, and analysis of region-specific factors affecting the prevalence of carbohydrate metabolism disorders in various ethnic groups. We defined carbohydrate metabolism disorders as diabetes and/or a prediabetes condition. In accordance with the WHO criteria, HbA1c≥6.5% was interpreted as diabetes, whereas values ​​in the range of 5.7%≤HbA1c

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

18. Author Correction: Palaeogenomics of Upper Palaeolithic to Neolithic European hunter-gatherers

Author

Posth, Cosimo, Yu, He, Ghalichi, Ayshin, Rougier, Hélène, Crevecoeur, Isabelle, Huang, Yilei, Ringbauer, Harald, Rohrlach, Adam B., Nägele, Kathrin, Villalba-Mouco, Vanessa, Radzeviciute, Rita, Ferraz, Tiago, Stoessel, Alexander, Tukhbatova, Rezeda, Drucker, Dorothée G., Lari, Martina, Modi, Alessandra, Vai, Stefania, Saupe, Tina, Scheib, Christiana L., Catalano, Giulio, Pagani, Luca, Talamo, Sahra, Fewlass, Helen, Klaric, Laurent, Morala, André, Rué, Mathieu, Madelaine, Stéphane, Crépin, Laurent, Caverne, Jean-Baptiste, Bocaege, Emmy, Ricci, Stefano, Boschin, Francesco, Bayle, Priscilla, Maureille, Bruno, Le Brun-Ricalens, Foni, Bordes, Jean-Guillaume, Oxilia, Gregorio, Bortolini, Eugenio, Bignon-Lau, Olivier, Debout, Grégory, Orliac, Michel, Zazzo, Antoine, Sparacello, Vitale, Starnini, Elisabetta, Sineo, Luca, van der Plicht, Johannes, Pecqueur, Laure, Merceron, Gildas, Garcia, Géraldine, Leuvrey, Jean-Michel, Garcia, Coralie Bay, Gómez-Olivencia, Asier, Połtowicz-Bobak, Marta, Bobak, Dariusz, Le Luyer, Mona, Storm, Paul, Hoffmann, Claudia, Kabaciński, Jacek, Filimonova, Tatiana, Shnaider, Svetlana, Berezina, Natalia, González-Rabanal, Borja, González Morales, Manuel R., Marín-Arroyo, Ana B., López, Belén, Alonso-Llamazares, Carmen, Ronchitelli, Annamaria, Polet, Caroline, Jadin, Ivan, Cauwe, Nicolas, Soler, Joaquim, Coromina, Neus, Rufí, Isaac, Cottiaux, Richard, Clark, Geoffrey, Straus, Lawrence G., Julien, Marie-Anne, Renhart, Silvia, Talaa, Dorothea, Benazzi, Stefano, Romandini, Matteo, Amkreutz, Luc, Bocherens, Hervé, Wißing, Christoph, Villotte, Sébastien, de Pablo, Javier Fernández-López, Gómez-Puche, Magdalena, Esquembre-Bebia, Marco Aurelio, Bodu, Pierre, Smits, Liesbeth, Souffi, Bénédicte, Jankauskas, Rimantas, Kozakaitė, Justina, Cupillard, Christophe, Benthien, Hartmut, Wehrberger, Kurt, Schmitz, Ralf W., Feine, Susanne C., Schüler, Tim, Thevenet, Corinne, Grigorescu, Dan, Lüth, Friedrich, Kotula, Andreas, Piezonka, Henny, Schopper, Franz, Svoboda, Jiří, Sázelová, Sandra, Chizhevsky, Andrey, Khokhlov, Aleksandr, Conard, Nicholas J., Valentin, Frédérique, Harvati, Katerina, Semal, Patrick, Jungklaus, Bettina, Suvorov, Alexander, Schulting, Rick, Moiseyev, Vyacheslav, Mannermaa, Kristiina, Buzhilova, Alexandra, Terberger, Thomas, Caramelli, David, Altena, Eveline, Haak, Wolfgang, and Krause, Johannes

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

19. Publisher Correction: Population genomics of post-glacial western Eurasia (Nature, (2024), 625, 7994, (301-311), 10.1038/s41586-023-06865-0)

Author

Allentoft, Morten, Sikora, Martin, Refoyo-Martínez, Alba, Irving-Pease, Evan, Fischer, Anders, Barrie, William, Ingason, Andrés, Stenderup, Jesper, Sjögren, Karl-Göran, Pearson, Alice, Sousa da Mota, Bárbara, Schulz Paulsson, Bettina, Halgren, Alma, Macleod, Ruairidh, Schjellerup Jørkov, Marie Louise, Demeter, Fabrice, Sørensen, Lasse, Nielsen, Poul Otto, Henriksen, Rasmus, Vimala, Tharsika, McColl, Hugh, Margaryan, Ashot, Ilardo, Melissa, Vaughn, Andrew, Mortensen, Morten Fischer, Nielsen, Anne Birgitte, Ulfeldt Hede, Mikkel, Johannsen, Niels Nørkjær, Rasmussen, Peter, Vinner, Lasse, Renaud, Gabriel, Stern, Aaron, Jensen, Theis, Scorrano, Gabriele, Schroeder, Hannes, Lysdahl, Per, Ramsøe, Abigail Daisy, Skorobogatov, Andrei, Schork, Andrew Joseph, Rosengren, Anders, Ruter, Anthony, Outram, Alan, Timoshenko, Aleksey, Buzhilova, Alexandra, Coppa, Alfredo, Zubova, Alisa, Silva, Ana Maria, Hansen, Anders, Gromov, Andrey, Logvin, Andrey, Gotfredsen, Anne Birgitte, Nielsen, Bjarne Henning, González-Rabanal, Borja, Lalueza-Fox, Carles, McKenzie, Catriona, Gaunitz, Charleen, Blasco, Concepción, Liesau, Corina, Martinez-Labarga, Cristina, Pozdnyakov, Dmitri, Cuenca-Solana, David, Lordkipanidze, David, En’shin, Dmitri, Salazar-García, Domingo, Price, Douglas, Borić, Dušan, Kostyleva, Elena, Veselovskaya, Elizaveta, Usmanova, Emma, Cappellini, Enrico, Petersen, Erik Brinch, Kannegaard, Esben, Radina, Francesca, Yediay, Fulya Eylem, Duday, Henri, Gutiérrez-Zugasti, Igor, Merts, Ilya, Potekhina, Inna, Shevnina, Irina, Altinkaya, Isin, Guilaine, Jean, Hansen, Jesper, Aura Tortosa, Joan Emili, Zilhão, João, Vega, Jorge, Buck Pedersen, Kristoffer, Tunia, Krzysztof, Zhao, Lei, Mylnikova, Liudmila, Larsson, Lars, Metz, Laure, Yepiskoposyan, Levon, Pedersen, Lisbeth, Sarti, Lucia, Orlando, Ludovic, Slimak, Ludovic, Klassen, Lutz, Blank, Malou, González-Morales, Manuel, Silvestrini, Mara, Vretemark, Maria, Nesterova, Marina, Rykun, Marina, Rolfo, Mario Federico, Szmyt, Marzena, Przybyła, Marcin, Calattini, Mauro, Sablin, Mikhail, Dobisíková, Miluše, Meldgaard, Morten, Johansen, Morten, Berezina, Natalia, Card, Nick, Saveliev, Nikolai, Poshekhonova, Olga, Rickards, Olga, Lozovskaya, Olga, Gábor, Olivér, Uldum, Otto Christian, Aurino, Paola, Kosintsev, Pavel, Courtaud, Patrice, Ríos, Patricia, Mortensen, Peder, Lotz, Per, Persson, Per, Bangsgaard, Pernille, Damgaard, Peter de Barros, Petersen, Peter Vang, Prieto Martínez, Pilar, Włodarczak, Piotr, Smolyaninov, Roman, Maring, Rikke, Menduiña, Roberto, Badalyan, Ruben, Iversen, Rune, Turin, Ruslan, Vasilyev, Sergey, Wåhlin, Sidsel, Borutskaya, Svetlana, Skochina, Svetlana, Sørensen, Søren Anker, Andersen, Søren, Jørgensen, Thomas, Serikov, Yuri, Molodin, Vyacheslav, Smrcka, Vaclav, Merts, Victor, Appadurai, Vivek, Moiseyev, Vyacheslav, Magnusson,Yvonne, Kjær, Kurt, Lynnerup, Niels, Lawson, Daniel, Sudmant, Peter, Rasmussen, Simon, Korneliussen, Thorfinn Sand, Durbin, Richard, Nielsen, Rasmus, Delanea, Olivier, Werge, Thomas, Racimo, Fernando, Kristiansen, Kristian, Willerslev, Eske, Allentoft, Morten, Sikora, Martin, Refoyo-Martínez, Alba, Irving-Pease, Evan, Fischer, Anders, Barrie, William, Ingason, Andrés, Stenderup, Jesper, Sjögren, Karl-Göran, Pearson, Alice, Sousa da Mota, Bárbara, Schulz Paulsson, Bettina, Halgren, Alma, Macleod, Ruairidh, Schjellerup Jørkov, Marie Louise, Demeter, Fabrice, Sørensen, Lasse, Nielsen, Poul Otto, Henriksen, Rasmus, Vimala, Tharsika, McColl, Hugh, Margaryan, Ashot, Ilardo, Melissa, Vaughn, Andrew, Mortensen, Morten Fischer, Nielsen, Anne Birgitte, Ulfeldt Hede, Mikkel, Johannsen, Niels Nørkjær, Rasmussen, Peter, Vinner, Lasse, Renaud, Gabriel, Stern, Aaron, Jensen, Theis, Scorrano, Gabriele, Schroeder, Hannes, Lysdahl, Per, Ramsøe, Abigail Daisy, Skorobogatov, Andrei, Schork, Andrew Joseph, Rosengren, Anders, Ruter, Anthony, Outram, Alan, Timoshenko, Aleksey, Buzhilova, Alexandra, Coppa, Alfredo, Zubova, Alisa, Silva, Ana Maria, Hansen, Anders, Gromov, Andrey, Logvin, Andrey, Gotfredsen, Anne Birgitte, Nielsen, Bjarne Henning, González-Rabanal, Borja, Lalueza-Fox, Carles, McKenzie, Catriona, Gaunitz, Charleen, Blasco, Concepción, Liesau, Corina, Martinez-Labarga, Cristina, Pozdnyakov, Dmitri, Cuenca-Solana, David, Lordkipanidze, David, En’shin, Dmitri, Salazar-García, Domingo, Price, Douglas, Borić, Dušan, Kostyleva, Elena, Veselovskaya, Elizaveta, Usmanova, Emma, Cappellini, Enrico, Petersen, Erik Brinch, Kannegaard, Esben, Radina, Francesca, Yediay, Fulya Eylem, Duday, Henri, Gutiérrez-Zugasti, Igor, Merts, Ilya, Potekhina, Inna, Shevnina, Irina, Altinkaya, Isin, Guilaine, Jean, Hansen, Jesper, Aura Tortosa, Joan Emili, Zilhão, João, Vega, Jorge, Buck Pedersen, Kristoffer, Tunia, Krzysztof, Zhao, Lei, Mylnikova, Liudmila, Larsson, Lars, Metz, Laure, Yepiskoposyan, Levon, Pedersen, Lisbeth, Sarti, Lucia, Orlando, Ludovic, Slimak, Ludovic, Klassen, Lutz, Blank, Malou, González-Morales, Manuel, Silvestrini, Mara, Vretemark, Maria, Nesterova, Marina, Rykun, Marina, Rolfo, Mario Federico, Szmyt, Marzena, Przybyła, Marcin, Calattini, Mauro, Sablin, Mikhail, Dobisíková, Miluše, Meldgaard, Morten, Johansen, Morten, Berezina, Natalia, Card, Nick, Saveliev, Nikolai, Poshekhonova, Olga, Rickards, Olga, Lozovskaya, Olga, Gábor, Olivér, Uldum, Otto Christian, Aurino, Paola, Kosintsev, Pavel, Courtaud, Patrice, Ríos, Patricia, Mortensen, Peder, Lotz, Per, Persson, Per, Bangsgaard, Pernille, Damgaard, Peter de Barros, Petersen, Peter Vang, Prieto Martínez, Pilar, Włodarczak, Piotr, Smolyaninov, Roman, Maring, Rikke, Menduiña, Roberto, Badalyan, Ruben, Iversen, Rune, Turin, Ruslan, Vasilyev, Sergey, Wåhlin, Sidsel, Borutskaya, Svetlana, Skochina, Svetlana, Sørensen, Søren Anker, Andersen, Søren, Jørgensen, Thomas, Serikov, Yuri, Molodin, Vyacheslav, Smrcka, Vaclav, Merts, Victor, Appadurai, Vivek, Moiseyev, Vyacheslav, Magnusson,Yvonne, Kjær, Kurt, Lynnerup, Niels, Lawson, Daniel, Sudmant, Peter, Rasmussen, Simon, Korneliussen, Thorfinn Sand, Durbin, Richard, Nielsen, Rasmus, Delanea, Olivier, Werge, Thomas, Racimo, Fernando, Kristiansen, Kristian, and Willerslev, Eske

Abstract

In the version of this article initially published, there were errors in the second affiliations for Levon Yepiskoposyan (Russian-Armenian University, Yerevan, Armenia) and Sergey Vasilyev (Center for Egyptological Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation), and in the first affiliation for Ruben Badalyan (Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, National Academy of Sciences, Yerevan, Armenia); the affiliations are amended in the HTML and PDF versions of the article.

Published
2024

20. Population genomics of post-glacial western Eurasia

Author

Allentoft, Morten E., Sikora, Martin, Refoyo-Martínez, Alba, Irving-Pease, Evan K., Fischer, Anders, Barrie, William, Ingason, Andrés, Stenderup, Jesper, Sjögren, Karl Göran, Pearson, Alice, Sousa da Mota, Bárbara, Schulz Paulsson, Bettina, Halgren, Alma, Macleod, Ruairidh, Jørkov, Marie Louise Schjellerup, Demeter, Fabrice, Sørensen, Lasse, Nielsen, Poul Otto, Henriksen, Rasmus A., Vimala, Tharsika, McColl, Hugh, Margaryan, Ashot, Ilardo, Melissa, Vaughn, Andrew, Fischer Mortensen, Morten, Nielsen, Anne Birgitte, Ulfeldt Hede, Mikkel, Johannsen, Niels Nørkjær, Rasmussen, Peter, Vinner, Lasse, Renaud, Gabriel, Stern, Aaron, Jensen, Theis Zetner Trolle, Scorrano, Gabriele, Schroeder, Hannes, Lysdahl, Per, Ramsøe, Abigail Daisy, Skorobogatov, Andrei, Schork, Andrew Joseph, Rosengren, Anders, Ruter, Anthony, Outram, Alan, Timoshenko, Aleksey A., Buzhilova, Alexandra, Coppa, Alfredo, Zubova, Alisa, Silva, Ana Maria, Hansen, Anders J., Gromov, Andrey, Logvin, Andrey, Gotfredsen, Anne Birgitte, Henning Nielsen, Bjarne, González-Rabanal, Borja, Lalueza-Fox, Carles, McKenzie, Catriona J., Gaunitz, Charleen, Blasco, Concepción, Liesau, Corina, Martinez-Labarga, Cristina, Pozdnyakov, Dmitri V., Cuenca-Solana, David, Lordkipanidze, David O., En’shin, Dmitri, Salazar-García, Domingo C., Price, T. Douglas, Borić, Dušan, Kostyleva, Elena, Veselovskaya, Elizaveta V., Usmanova, Emma R., Cappellini, Enrico, Brinch Petersen, Erik, Kannegaard, Esben, Radina, Francesca, Eylem Yediay, Fulya, Duday, Henri, Gutiérrez-Zugasti, Igor, Merts, Ilya, Potekhina, Inna, Shevnina, Irina, Altinkaya, Isin, Guilaine, Jean, Hansen, Jesper, Aura Tortosa, Joan Emili, Zilhão, João, Vega, Jorge, Buck Pedersen, Kristoffer, Tunia, Krzysztof, Zhao, Lei, Mylnikova, Liudmila N., Larsson, Lars, Metz, Laure, Yepiskoposyan, Levon, Pedersen, Lisbeth, Sarti, Lucia, Orlando, Ludovic, Slimak, Ludovic, Klassen, Lutz, Blank, Malou, González-Morales, Manuel, Silvestrini, Mara, Vretemark, Maria, Nesterova, Marina S., Rykun, Marina, Rolfo, Mario Federico, Szmyt, Marzena, Przybyła, Marcin, Calattini, Mauro, Sablin, Mikhail, Dobisíková, Miluše, Meldgaard, Morten, Johansen, Morten, Berezina, Natalia, Card, Nick, Saveliev, Nikolai A., Poshekhonova, Olga, Rickards, Olga, Lozovskaya, Olga V., Gábor, Olivér, Uldum, Otto Christian, Aurino, Paola, Kosintsev, Pavel, Courtaud, Patrice, Ríos, Patricia, Mortensen, Peder, Lotz, Per, Persson, Per, Bangsgaard, Pernille, de Barros Damgaard, Peter, Vang Petersen, Peter, Martinez, Pilar Prieto, Włodarczak, Piotr, Smolyaninov, Roman V., Maring, Rikke, Menduiña, Roberto, Badalyan, Ruben, Iversen, Rune, Turin, Ruslan, Vasilyev, Sergey, Wåhlin, Sidsel, Borutskaya, Svetlana, Skochina, Svetlana, Sørensen, Søren Anker, Andersen, Søren H., Jørgensen, Thomas, Serikov, Yuri B., Molodin, Vyacheslav I., Smrcka, Vaclav, Merts, Victor, Appadurai, Vivek, Moiseyev, Vyacheslav, Magnusson, Yvonne, Kjær, Kurt H., Lynnerup, Niels, Lawson, Daniel J., Sudmant, Peter H., Rasmussen, Simon, Korneliussen, Thorfinn Sand, Durbin, Richard, Nielsen, Rasmus, Delaneau, Olivier, Werge, Thomas, Racimo, Fernando, Kristiansen, Kristian, Willerslev, Eske, Allentoft, Morten E., Sikora, Martin, Refoyo-Martínez, Alba, Irving-Pease, Evan K., Fischer, Anders, Barrie, William, Ingason, Andrés, Stenderup, Jesper, Sjögren, Karl Göran, Pearson, Alice, Sousa da Mota, Bárbara, Schulz Paulsson, Bettina, Halgren, Alma, Macleod, Ruairidh, Jørkov, Marie Louise Schjellerup, Demeter, Fabrice, Sørensen, Lasse, Nielsen, Poul Otto, Henriksen, Rasmus A., Vimala, Tharsika, McColl, Hugh, Margaryan, Ashot, Ilardo, Melissa, Vaughn, Andrew, Fischer Mortensen, Morten, Nielsen, Anne Birgitte, Ulfeldt Hede, Mikkel, Johannsen, Niels Nørkjær, Rasmussen, Peter, Vinner, Lasse, Renaud, Gabriel, Stern, Aaron, Jensen, Theis Zetner Trolle, Scorrano, Gabriele, Schroeder, Hannes, Lysdahl, Per, Ramsøe, Abigail Daisy, Skorobogatov, Andrei, Schork, Andrew Joseph, Rosengren, Anders, Ruter, Anthony, Outram, Alan, Timoshenko, Aleksey A., Buzhilova, Alexandra, Coppa, Alfredo, Zubova, Alisa, Silva, Ana Maria, Hansen, Anders J., Gromov, Andrey, Logvin, Andrey, Gotfredsen, Anne Birgitte, Henning Nielsen, Bjarne, González-Rabanal, Borja, Lalueza-Fox, Carles, McKenzie, Catriona J., Gaunitz, Charleen, Blasco, Concepción, Liesau, Corina, Martinez-Labarga, Cristina, Pozdnyakov, Dmitri V., Cuenca-Solana, David, Lordkipanidze, David O., En’shin, Dmitri, Salazar-García, Domingo C., Price, T. Douglas, Borić, Dušan, Kostyleva, Elena, Veselovskaya, Elizaveta V., Usmanova, Emma R., Cappellini, Enrico, Brinch Petersen, Erik, Kannegaard, Esben, Radina, Francesca, Eylem Yediay, Fulya, Duday, Henri, Gutiérrez-Zugasti, Igor, Merts, Ilya, Potekhina, Inna, Shevnina, Irina, Altinkaya, Isin, Guilaine, Jean, Hansen, Jesper, Aura Tortosa, Joan Emili, Zilhão, João, Vega, Jorge, Buck Pedersen, Kristoffer, Tunia, Krzysztof, Zhao, Lei, Mylnikova, Liudmila N., Larsson, Lars, Metz, Laure, Yepiskoposyan, Levon, Pedersen, Lisbeth, Sarti, Lucia, Orlando, Ludovic, Slimak, Ludovic, Klassen, Lutz, Blank, Malou, González-Morales, Manuel, Silvestrini, Mara, Vretemark, Maria, Nesterova, Marina S., Rykun, Marina, Rolfo, Mario Federico, Szmyt, Marzena, Przybyła, Marcin, Calattini, Mauro, Sablin, Mikhail, Dobisíková, Miluše, Meldgaard, Morten, Johansen, Morten, Berezina, Natalia, Card, Nick, Saveliev, Nikolai A., Poshekhonova, Olga, Rickards, Olga, Lozovskaya, Olga V., Gábor, Olivér, Uldum, Otto Christian, Aurino, Paola, Kosintsev, Pavel, Courtaud, Patrice, Ríos, Patricia, Mortensen, Peder, Lotz, Per, Persson, Per, Bangsgaard, Pernille, de Barros Damgaard, Peter, Vang Petersen, Peter, Martinez, Pilar Prieto, Włodarczak, Piotr, Smolyaninov, Roman V., Maring, Rikke, Menduiña, Roberto, Badalyan, Ruben, Iversen, Rune, Turin, Ruslan, Vasilyev, Sergey, Wåhlin, Sidsel, Borutskaya, Svetlana, Skochina, Svetlana, Sørensen, Søren Anker, Andersen, Søren H., Jørgensen, Thomas, Serikov, Yuri B., Molodin, Vyacheslav I., Smrcka, Vaclav, Merts, Victor, Appadurai, Vivek, Moiseyev, Vyacheslav, Magnusson, Yvonne, Kjær, Kurt H., Lynnerup, Niels, Lawson, Daniel J., Sudmant, Peter H., Rasmussen, Simon, Korneliussen, Thorfinn Sand, Durbin, Richard, Nielsen, Rasmus, Delaneau, Olivier, Werge, Thomas, Racimo, Fernando, Kristiansen, Kristian, and Willerslev, Eske

Abstract

Western Eurasia witnessed several large-scale human migrations during the Holocene1–5. Here, to investigate the cross-continental effects of these migrations, we shotgun-sequenced 317 genomes—mainly from the Mesolithic and Neolithic periods—from across northern and western Eurasia. These were imputed alongside published data to obtain diploid genotypes from more than 1,600 ancient humans. Our analyses revealed a ‘great divide’ genomic boundary extending from the Black Sea to the Baltic. Mesolithic hunter-gatherers were highly genetically differentiated east and west of this zone, and the effect of the neolithization was equally disparate. Large-scale ancestry shifts occurred in the west as farming was introduced, including near-total replacement of hunter-gatherers in many areas, whereas no substantial ancestry shifts happened east of the zone during the same period. Similarly, relatedness decreased in the west from the Neolithic transition onwards, whereas, east of the Urals, relatedness remained high until around 4,000 bp, consistent with the persistence of localized groups of hunter-gatherers. The boundary dissolved when Yamnaya-related ancestry spread across western Eurasia around 5,000 bp, resulting in a second major turnover that reached most parts of Europe within a 1,000-year span. The genetic origin and fate of the Yamnaya have remained elusive, but we show that hunter-gatherers from the Middle Don region contributed ancestry to them. Yamnaya groups later admixed with individuals associated with the Globular Amphora culture before expanding into Europe. Similar turnovers occurred in western Siberia, where we report new genomic data from a ‘Neolithic steppe’ cline spanning the Siberian forest steppe to Lake Baikal. These prehistoric migrations had profound and lasting effects on the genetic diversity of Eurasian populations.

Published
2024

21. Population genomics of post-glacial western Eurasia

Author

Lundbeck Foundation, Novo Nordisk Foundation, Wellcome Trust, Carlsberg Foundation, Danish National Research Foundation, University of Copenhagen, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Swedish Foundation for Humanities and Social Sciences, Villum Fonden, Independent Research Fund Denmark, Hanne and Torkel Weis-Fogh Fund, Wellcome, Swiss National Science Foundation, European Research Council, Aarhus University Research Foundation, Ministry of Education and Science (Kazakhstan), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Generalitat Valenciana, Nomis Foundation, European Commission, Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, Ministry of Education, Science, Culture and Sports of the Republic of Armenia, National Institute of General Medical Sciences (US), Sikora, Martin [0000-0003-2818-8319], Lalueza-Fox, Carles [0000-0002-1730-5914], Allentoft, Morten, Sikora, Martin, Refoyo-Martínez, Alba, Irving-Pease, Evan K., Fischer, Anders, Barrie, William, Ingason, Andrés, Stenderup, Jesper, Sjögren, Karl-Göran, Pearson, Alice, Mota, Bárbara Sousa da, Schulz Paulsson, Bettina, Halgren, Alma, Macleod, Ruairidh, Jørkov, Marie Louise S., Demeter, Fabrice, Sørensen, Lasse, Nielsen, Poul Otto, Henriksen, Rasmus A., Vimala, Tharsika, McColl, Hugh, Margaryan, Ashot, Ilardo, Melissa, Vaughn, Andrew, Fischer Mortensen, Morten, Nielsen, Anne Birgitte, Ulfeldt Hede, Mikkel, Johannsen, Niels Nørkjær, Rasmussen, Peter, Vinner, Lasse, Renaud, Gabriel, Stern, Aaron, Trolle Jensen, Theis Zetner, Scorrano, Gabriele, Schroeder, Hannes, Lysdahl, Per, Ramsøe, Abigail Daisy, Skorobogatov, Andrei, Schork, Andrew Joseph, Rosengren, Anders, Ruter, Anthony, Outram, Alan, Timoshenko, Aleksey A., Buzhilova, Alexandra, Coppa, Alfredo, Zubova, Alisa, Silva, Ana María, Hansen, Anders J., Gromov, Andrey, Logvin, Andrey, Gotfredsen, Anne Birgitte, Nielsen, Bjarne Henning, González-Rabanal, Borja, Lalueza-Fox, Carles, McKenzie, Catriona J., Gaunitz, Charleen, Blasco, Concepción, Liesau, Corina, Martínez-Labarga, Cristina, Pozdnyakov, Dmitri V., Cuenca-Solana, David, Lordkipanidze, David O., En’shin, Dmitri, Salazar García, Domingo Carlos, Price, T. Douglas, Borić, Dušan, Kostyleva, Elena, Veselovskaya, Elizaveta V., Usmanova, Emma R., Cappellini, Enrico, Petersen, Erik Brinch, Kannegaard, Esben, Radina, Francesca, Yediay, Fulya Eylem, Duday, Henri, Gutiérrez-Zugasti, Igor, Merts, Ilya, Potekhina, Inna, Shevnina, Irina, Altinkaya, Isin, Guilaine, Jean, Hansen, Jesper, Aura Tortosa, Joan Emili, Zilhão, João, Vega, Jorge, Pedersen, Kristoffer Buck, Tunia, Krzysztof, Zhao, Lei, Mylnikova, Liudmila N., Larsson, Lars, Metz, Laure, Yepiskoposyan, Levon, Pedersen, Lisbeth, Sarti, Lucia, Orlando, Ludovic, Slimak, Ludovic, Klassen, Lutz, Blank, Malou, González-Morales, Manuel, Silvestrini, Mara, Vretemark, Maria, Nesterova, Marina S., Rykun, Marina, Rolfo, Mario Federico, Szmyt, Marzena, Przybyła, Marcin, Calattini, Mauro, Sablin, Mikhail, Dobisíková, Miluše, Meldgaard, Morten, Johansen, Morten, Berezina, Natalia, Card, Nick, Saveliev, Nikolai A., Poshekhonova, Olga, Rickards, Olga, Lozovskaya, Olga V., Gábor, Olivér, Uldum, Otto Christian, Aurino, Paola, Kosintsev, Pavel, Courtaud, Patrice, Ríos, Patricia, Mortensen, Peder, Lotz, Per, Persson, Per, Bangsgaard, Pernille, Barros Damgaard, Peter de, Petersen, Peter Vang, Prieto Martínez, Pilar, Włodarczak, Piotr, Smolyaninov, Roman V., Maring, Rikke, Menduiña, Roberto, Badalyan, Ruben, Iversen, Rune, Turin, Ruslan, Vasilyev, Sergey, Wåhlin, Sidsel, Borutskaya, Svetlana, Skochina, Svetlana, Sørensen, Søren Anker, Andersen, Søren H., Jørgensen, Thomas, Serikov, Yuri B., Molodin, Vyacheslav I., Smrcka, Vaclav, Merts, Victor, Appadurai, Vivek, Moiseyev, Vyacheslav, Magnusson, Yvonne, Kjær, Kurt H., Lynnerup, Niels, Lawson, Daniel J., Sudmant, Peter H., Rasmussen, Simon, Korneliussen, Thorfinn Sand, Durbin, Richard, Nielsen, Rasmus, Delaneau, Olivier, Werge, Thomas, Racimo, Fernando, Kristiansen, Kristian, Willerslev, Eske, Lundbeck Foundation, Novo Nordisk Foundation, Wellcome Trust, Carlsberg Foundation, Danish National Research Foundation, University of Copenhagen, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Swedish Foundation for Humanities and Social Sciences, Villum Fonden, Independent Research Fund Denmark, Hanne and Torkel Weis-Fogh Fund, Wellcome, Swiss National Science Foundation, European Research Council, Aarhus University Research Foundation, Ministry of Education and Science (Kazakhstan), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Generalitat Valenciana, Nomis Foundation, European Commission, Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, Ministry of Education, Science, Culture and Sports of the Republic of Armenia, National Institute of General Medical Sciences (US), Sikora, Martin [0000-0003-2818-8319], Lalueza-Fox, Carles [0000-0002-1730-5914], Allentoft, Morten, Sikora, Martin, Refoyo-Martínez, Alba, Irving-Pease, Evan K., Fischer, Anders, Barrie, William, Ingason, Andrés, Stenderup, Jesper, Sjögren, Karl-Göran, Pearson, Alice, Mota, Bárbara Sousa da, Schulz Paulsson, Bettina, Halgren, Alma, Macleod, Ruairidh, Jørkov, Marie Louise S., Demeter, Fabrice, Sørensen, Lasse, Nielsen, Poul Otto, Henriksen, Rasmus A., Vimala, Tharsika, McColl, Hugh, Margaryan, Ashot, Ilardo, Melissa, Vaughn, Andrew, Fischer Mortensen, Morten, Nielsen, Anne Birgitte, Ulfeldt Hede, Mikkel, Johannsen, Niels Nørkjær, Rasmussen, Peter, Vinner, Lasse, Renaud, Gabriel, Stern, Aaron, Trolle Jensen, Theis Zetner, Scorrano, Gabriele, Schroeder, Hannes, Lysdahl, Per, Ramsøe, Abigail Daisy, Skorobogatov, Andrei, Schork, Andrew Joseph, Rosengren, Anders, Ruter, Anthony, Outram, Alan, Timoshenko, Aleksey A., Buzhilova, Alexandra, Coppa, Alfredo, Zubova, Alisa, Silva, Ana María, Hansen, Anders J., Gromov, Andrey, Logvin, Andrey, Gotfredsen, Anne Birgitte, Nielsen, Bjarne Henning, González-Rabanal, Borja, Lalueza-Fox, Carles, McKenzie, Catriona J., Gaunitz, Charleen, Blasco, Concepción, Liesau, Corina, Martínez-Labarga, Cristina, Pozdnyakov, Dmitri V., Cuenca-Solana, David, Lordkipanidze, David O., En’shin, Dmitri, Salazar García, Domingo Carlos, Price, T. Douglas, Borić, Dušan, Kostyleva, Elena, Veselovskaya, Elizaveta V., Usmanova, Emma R., Cappellini, Enrico, Petersen, Erik Brinch, Kannegaard, Esben, Radina, Francesca, Yediay, Fulya Eylem, Duday, Henri, Gutiérrez-Zugasti, Igor, Merts, Ilya, Potekhina, Inna, Shevnina, Irina, Altinkaya, Isin, Guilaine, Jean, Hansen, Jesper, Aura Tortosa, Joan Emili, Zilhão, João, Vega, Jorge, Pedersen, Kristoffer Buck, Tunia, Krzysztof, Zhao, Lei, Mylnikova, Liudmila N., Larsson, Lars, Metz, Laure, Yepiskoposyan, Levon, Pedersen, Lisbeth, Sarti, Lucia, Orlando, Ludovic, Slimak, Ludovic, Klassen, Lutz, Blank, Malou, González-Morales, Manuel, Silvestrini, Mara, Vretemark, Maria, Nesterova, Marina S., Rykun, Marina, Rolfo, Mario Federico, Szmyt, Marzena, Przybyła, Marcin, Calattini, Mauro, Sablin, Mikhail, Dobisíková, Miluše, Meldgaard, Morten, Johansen, Morten, Berezina, Natalia, Card, Nick, Saveliev, Nikolai A., Poshekhonova, Olga, Rickards, Olga, Lozovskaya, Olga V., Gábor, Olivér, Uldum, Otto Christian, Aurino, Paola, Kosintsev, Pavel, Courtaud, Patrice, Ríos, Patricia, Mortensen, Peder, Lotz, Per, Persson, Per, Bangsgaard, Pernille, Barros Damgaard, Peter de, Petersen, Peter Vang, Prieto Martínez, Pilar, Włodarczak, Piotr, Smolyaninov, Roman V., Maring, Rikke, Menduiña, Roberto, Badalyan, Ruben, Iversen, Rune, Turin, Ruslan, Vasilyev, Sergey, Wåhlin, Sidsel, Borutskaya, Svetlana, Skochina, Svetlana, Sørensen, Søren Anker, Andersen, Søren H., Jørgensen, Thomas, Serikov, Yuri B., Molodin, Vyacheslav I., Smrcka, Vaclav, Merts, Victor, Appadurai, Vivek, Moiseyev, Vyacheslav, Magnusson, Yvonne, Kjær, Kurt H., Lynnerup, Niels, Lawson, Daniel J., Sudmant, Peter H., Rasmussen, Simon, Korneliussen, Thorfinn Sand, Durbin, Richard, Nielsen, Rasmus, Delaneau, Olivier, Werge, Thomas, Racimo, Fernando, Kristiansen, Kristian, and Willerslev, Eske

Abstract

Western Eurasia witnessed several large-scale human migrations during the Holocene1,2,3,4,5. Here, to investigate the cross-continental effects of these migrations, we shotgun-sequenced 317 genomes—mainly from the Mesolithic and Neolithic periods—from across northern and western Eurasia. These were imputed alongside published data to obtain diploid genotypes from more than 1,600 ancient humans. Our analyses revealed a ‘great divide’ genomic boundary extending from the Black Sea to the Baltic. Mesolithic hunter-gatherers were highly genetically differentiated east and west of this zone, and the effect of the neolithization was equally disparate. Large-scale ancestry shifts occurred in the west as farming was introduced, including near-total replacement of hunter-gatherers in many areas, whereas no substantial ancestry shifts happened east of the zone during the same period. Similarly, relatedness decreased in the west from the Neolithic transition onwards, whereas, east of the Urals, relatedness remained high until around 4,000 BP, consistent with the persistence of localized groups of hunter-gatherers. The boundary dissolved when Yamnaya-related ancestry spread across western Eurasia around 5,000 BP, resulting in a second major turnover that reached most parts of Europe within a 1,000-year span. The genetic origin and fate of the Yamnaya have remained elusive, but we show that hunter-gatherers from the Middle Don region contributed ancestry to them. Yamnaya groups later admixed with individuals associated with the Globular Amphora culture before expanding into Europe. Similar turnovers occurred in western Siberia, where we report new genomic data from a ‘Neolithic steppe’ cline spanning the Siberian forest steppe to Lake Baikal. These prehistoric migrations had profound and lasting effects on the genetic diversity of Eurasian populations.

Published
2024

22. Population genomics of post-glacial western Eurasia

Author

Allentoft, Morten, Sikora, Martin, Refoyo-Martínez, Alba, Irving-Pease, Evan, Fischer, Anders, Barrie, William, Ingason, Andrés, Stenderup, Jesper, Sjögren, Karl-Göran, Pearson, Alice, Sousa da Mota, Bárbara, Schulz Paulsson, Bettina, Halgren, Alma, Macleod, Ruairidh, Schjellerup Jørkov, Marie Louise, Demeter, Fabrice, Sørensen, Lasse, Nielsen, Poul Otto, Henriksen, Rasmus, Vimala, Tharsika, McColl, Hugh, Margaryan, Ashot, Ilardo, Melissa, Vaughn, Andrew, Mortensen, Morten Fischer, Nielsen, Anne Birgitte, Ulfeldt Hede, Mikkel, Johannsen, Niels Nørkjær, Rasmussen, Peter, Vinner, Lasse, Renaud, Gabriel, Stern, Aaron, Jensen, Theis, Scorrano, Gabriele, Schroeder, Hannes, Lysdahl, Per, Ramsøe, Abigail Daisy, Skorobogatov, Andrei, Schork, Andrew Joseph, Rosengren, Anders, Ruter, Anthony, Outram, Alan, Timoshenko, Aleksey, Buzhilova, Alexandra, Coppa, Alfredo, Zubova, Alisa, Silva, Ana Maria, Hansen, Anders, Gromov, Andrey, Logvin, Andrey, Gotfredsen, Anne Birgitte, Nielsen, Bjarne Henning, González-Rabanal, Borja, Lalueza-Fox, Carles, McKenzie, Catriona, Gaunitz, Charleen, Blasco, Concepción, Liesau, Corina, Martinez-Labarga, Cristina, Pozdnyakov, Dmitri, Cuenca-Solana, David, Lordkipanidze, David, En’shin, Dmitri, Salazar-García, Domingo, Price, Douglas, Borić, Dušan, Kostyleva, Elena, Veselovskaya, Elizaveta, Usmanova, Emma, Cappellini, Enrico, Petersen, Erik Brinch, Kannegaard, Esben, Radina, Francesca, Yediay, Fulya Eylem, Duday, Henri, Gutiérrez-Zugasti, Igor, Merts, Ilya, Potekhina, Inna, Shevnina, Irina, Altinkaya, Isin, Guilaine, Jean, Hansen, Jesper, Aura Tortosa, Joan Emili, Zilhão, João, Vega, Jorge, Buck Pedersen, Kristoffer, Tunia, Krzysztof, Zhao, Lei, Mylnikova, Liudmila, Larsson, Lars, Metz, Laure, Yepiskoposyan, Levon, Pedersen, Lisbeth, Sarti, Lucia, Orlando, Ludovic, Slimak, Ludovic, Klassen, Lutz, Blank, Malou, González-Morales, Manuel, Silvestrini, Mara, Vretemark, Maria, Nesterova, Marina, Rykun, Marina, Rolfo, Mario Federico, Szmyt, Marzena, Przybyła, Marcin, Calattini, Mauro, Sablin, Mikhail, Dobisíková, Miluše, Meldgaard, Morten, Johansen, Morten, Berezina, Natalia, Card, Nick, Saveliev, Nikolai, Poshekhonova, Olga, Rickards, Olga, Lozovskaya, Olga, Gábor, Olivér, Uldum, Otto Christian, Aurino, Paola, Kosintsev, Pavel, Courtaud, Patrice, Ríos, Patricia, Mortensen, Peder, Lotz, Per, Persson, Per, Bangsgaard, Pernille, Damgaard, Peter de Barros, Petersen, Peter Vang, Prieto Martínez, Pilar, Włodarczak, Piotr, Smolyaninov, Roman, Maring, Rikke, Menduiña, Roberto, Badalyan, Ruben, Iversen, Rune, Turin, Ruslan, Vasilyev, Sergey, Wåhlin, Sidsel, Borutskaya, Svetlana, Skochina, Svetlana, Sørensen, Søren Anker, Andersen, Søren, Jørgensen, Thomas, Serikov, Yuri, Molodin, Vyacheslav, Smrcka, Vaclav, Merts, Victor, Appadurai, Vivek, Moiseyev, Vyacheslav, Magnusson,Yvonne, Kjær, Kurt, Lynnerup, Niels, Lawson, Daniel, Sudmant, Peter, Rasmussen, Simon, Korneliussen, Thorfinn Sand, Durbin, Richard, Nielsen, Rasmus, Delanea, Olivier, Werge, Thomas, Racimo, Fernando, Kristiansen, Kristian, Willerslev, Eske, Allentoft, Morten, Sikora, Martin, Refoyo-Martínez, Alba, Irving-Pease, Evan, Fischer, Anders, Barrie, William, Ingason, Andrés, Stenderup, Jesper, Sjögren, Karl-Göran, Pearson, Alice, Sousa da Mota, Bárbara, Schulz Paulsson, Bettina, Halgren, Alma, Macleod, Ruairidh, Schjellerup Jørkov, Marie Louise, Demeter, Fabrice, Sørensen, Lasse, Nielsen, Poul Otto, Henriksen, Rasmus, Vimala, Tharsika, McColl, Hugh, Margaryan, Ashot, Ilardo, Melissa, Vaughn, Andrew, Mortensen, Morten Fischer, Nielsen, Anne Birgitte, Ulfeldt Hede, Mikkel, Johannsen, Niels Nørkjær, Rasmussen, Peter, Vinner, Lasse, Renaud, Gabriel, Stern, Aaron, Jensen, Theis, Scorrano, Gabriele, Schroeder, Hannes, Lysdahl, Per, Ramsøe, Abigail Daisy, Skorobogatov, Andrei, Schork, Andrew Joseph, Rosengren, Anders, Ruter, Anthony, Outram, Alan, Timoshenko, Aleksey, Buzhilova, Alexandra, Coppa, Alfredo, Zubova, Alisa, Silva, Ana Maria, Hansen, Anders, Gromov, Andrey, Logvin, Andrey, Gotfredsen, Anne Birgitte, Nielsen, Bjarne Henning, González-Rabanal, Borja, Lalueza-Fox, Carles, McKenzie, Catriona, Gaunitz, Charleen, Blasco, Concepción, Liesau, Corina, Martinez-Labarga, Cristina, Pozdnyakov, Dmitri, Cuenca-Solana, David, Lordkipanidze, David, En’shin, Dmitri, Salazar-García, Domingo, Price, Douglas, Borić, Dušan, Kostyleva, Elena, Veselovskaya, Elizaveta, Usmanova, Emma, Cappellini, Enrico, Petersen, Erik Brinch, Kannegaard, Esben, Radina, Francesca, Yediay, Fulya Eylem, Duday, Henri, Gutiérrez-Zugasti, Igor, Merts, Ilya, Potekhina, Inna, Shevnina, Irina, Altinkaya, Isin, Guilaine, Jean, Hansen, Jesper, Aura Tortosa, Joan Emili, Zilhão, João, Vega, Jorge, Buck Pedersen, Kristoffer, Tunia, Krzysztof, Zhao, Lei, Mylnikova, Liudmila, Larsson, Lars, Metz, Laure, Yepiskoposyan, Levon, Pedersen, Lisbeth, Sarti, Lucia, Orlando, Ludovic, Slimak, Ludovic, Klassen, Lutz, Blank, Malou, González-Morales, Manuel, Silvestrini, Mara, Vretemark, Maria, Nesterova, Marina, Rykun, Marina, Rolfo, Mario Federico, Szmyt, Marzena, Przybyła, Marcin, Calattini, Mauro, Sablin, Mikhail, Dobisíková, Miluše, Meldgaard, Morten, Johansen, Morten, Berezina, Natalia, Card, Nick, Saveliev, Nikolai, Poshekhonova, Olga, Rickards, Olga, Lozovskaya, Olga, Gábor, Olivér, Uldum, Otto Christian, Aurino, Paola, Kosintsev, Pavel, Courtaud, Patrice, Ríos, Patricia, Mortensen, Peder, Lotz, Per, Persson, Per, Bangsgaard, Pernille, Damgaard, Peter de Barros, Petersen, Peter Vang, Prieto Martínez, Pilar, Włodarczak, Piotr, Smolyaninov, Roman, Maring, Rikke, Menduiña, Roberto, Badalyan, Ruben, Iversen, Rune, Turin, Ruslan, Vasilyev, Sergey, Wåhlin, Sidsel, Borutskaya, Svetlana, Skochina, Svetlana, Sørensen, Søren Anker, Andersen, Søren, Jørgensen, Thomas, Serikov, Yuri, Molodin, Vyacheslav, Smrcka, Vaclav, Merts, Victor, Appadurai, Vivek, Moiseyev, Vyacheslav, Magnusson,Yvonne, Kjær, Kurt, Lynnerup, Niels, Lawson, Daniel, Sudmant, Peter, Rasmussen, Simon, Korneliussen, Thorfinn Sand, Durbin, Richard, Nielsen, Rasmus, Delanea, Olivier, Werge, Thomas, Racimo, Fernando, Kristiansen, Kristian, and Willerslev, Eske

Abstract

Western Eurasia witnessed several large-scale human migrations during the Holocene1–5. Here, to investigate the cross-continental effects of these migrations, we shotgun-sequenced 317 genomes—mainly from the Mesolithic and Neolithic periods— from across northern and western Eurasia. These were imputed alongside published data to obtain diploid genotypes from more than 1,600 ancient humans. Our analyses revealed a ‘great divide’ genomic boundary extending from the Black Sea to the Baltic. Mesolithic hunter-gatherers were highly genetically differentiated east and west of this zone, and the effect of the neolithization was equally disparate. Large-scale ancestry shifts occurred in the west as farming was introduced, including near-total replacement of hunter-gatherers in many areas, whereas no substantial ancestry shifts happened east of the zone during the same period. Similarly, relatedness decreased in the west from the Neolithic transition onwards, whereas, east of the Urals, relatedness remained high until around 4,000 bp, consistent with the persistence of localized groups of hunter-gatherers. The boundary dissolved when Yamnaya-related ancestry spread across western Eurasia around 5,000 bp, resulting in a second major turnover that reached most parts of Europe within a 1,000-year span. The genetic origin and fate of the Yamnaya have remained elusive, but we show that hunter-gatherers from the Middle Don region contributed ancestry to them. Yamnaya groups later admixed with individuals associated with the Globular Amphora culture before expanding into Europe. Similar turnovers occurred in western Siberia, where we report new genomic data from a ‘Neolithic steppe’ cline spanning the Siberian forest steppe to Lake Baikal. These prehistoric migrations had profound and lasting effects on the genetic diversity of Eurasian populations.

Published
2024

25. Palaeogenomics of Upper Palaeolithic to Neolithic European hunter-gatherers

Author

Cosimo Posth, He Yu, Ayshin Ghalichi, Hélène Rougier, Isabelle Crevecoeur, Yilei Huang, Harald Ringbauer, Adam B. Rohrlach, Kathrin Nägele, Vanessa Villalba-Mouco, Rita Radzeviciute, Tiago Ferraz, Alexander Stoessel, Rezeda Tukhbatova, Dorothée G. Drucker, Martina Lari, Alessandra Modi, Stefania Vai, Tina Saupe, Christiana L. Scheib, Giulio Catalano, Luca Pagani, Sahra Talamo, Helen Fewlass, Laurent Klaric, André Morala, Mathieu Rué, Stéphane Madelaine, Laurent Crépin, Jean-Baptiste Caverne, Emmy Bocaege, Stefano Ricci, Francesco Boschin, Priscilla Bayle, Bruno Maureille, Foni Le Brun-Ricalens, Jean-Guillaume Bordes, Gregorio Oxilia, Eugenio Bortolini, Olivier Bignon-Lau, Grégory Debout, Michel Orliac, Antoine Zazzo, Vitale Sparacello, Elisabetta Starnini, Luca Sineo, Johannes van der Plicht, Laure Pecqueur, Gildas Merceron, Géraldine Garcia, Jean-Michel Leuvrey, Coralie Bay Garcia, Asier Gómez-Olivencia, Marta Połtowicz-Bobak, Dariusz Bobak, Mona Le Luyer, Paul Storm, Claudia Hoffmann, Jacek Kabaciński, Tatiana Filimonova, Svetlana Shnaider, Natalia Berezina, Borja González-Rabanal, Manuel R. González Morales, Ana B. Marín-Arroyo, Belén López, Carmen Alonso-Llamazares, Annamaria Ronchitelli, Caroline Polet, Ivan Jadin, Nicolas Cauwe, Joaquim Soler, Neus Coromina, Isaac Rufí, Richard Cottiaux, Geoffrey Clark, Lawrence G. Straus, Marie-Anne Julien, Silvia Renhart, Dorothea Talaa, Stefano Benazzi, Matteo Romandini, Luc Amkreutz, Hervé Bocherens, Christoph Wißing, Sébastien Villotte, Javier Fernández-López de Pablo, Magdalena Gómez-Puche, Marco Aurelio Esquembre-Bebia, Pierre Bodu, Liesbeth Smits, Bénédicte Souffi, Rimantas Jankauskas, Justina Kozakaitė, Christophe Cupillard, Hartmut Benthien, Kurt Wehrberger, Ralf W. Schmitz, Susanne C. Feine, Tim Schüler, Corinne Thevenet, Dan Grigorescu, Friedrich Lüth, Andreas Kotula, Henny Piezonka, Franz Schopper, Jiří Svoboda, Sandra Sázelová, Andrey Chizhevsky, Aleksandr Khokhlov, Nicholas J. Conard, Frédérique Valentin, Katerina Harvati, Patrick Semal, Bettina Jungklaus, Alexander Suvorov, Rick Schulting, Vyacheslav Moiseyev, Kristiina Mannermaa, Alexandra Buzhilova, Thomas Terberger, David Caramelli, Eveline Altena, Wolfgang Haak, Johannes Krause, Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), Department of Cultures, Faculty Common Matters (Faculty of Arts), Universidad de Cantabria, Posth, Cosimo [0000-0002-8206-3907], Yu, He [0000-0003-1323-4730], Rougier, Hélène [0000-0003-0358-0285], Ringbauer, Harald [0000-0002-4884-9682], Rohrlach, Adam B [0000-0002-4204-5018], Nägele, Kathrin [0000-0003-3861-8677], Villalba-Mouco, Vanessa [0000-0002-9357-5238], Radzeviciute, Rita [0000-0002-5800-3787], Stoessel, Alexander [0000-0003-2434-2542], Drucker, Dorothée G [0000-0003-0854-4371], Lari, Martina [0000-0002-7832-8212], Modi, Alessandra [0000-0001-9514-9868], Vai, Stefania [0000-0003-3844-5147], Scheib, Christiana L [0000-0003-4158-8296], Rué, Mathieu [0000-0001-7948-9459], Boschin, Francesco [0000-0001-5795-9050], Maureille, Bruno [0000-0002-7616-0073], Bortolini, Eugenio [0000-0001-6751-5680], Starnini, Elisabetta [0000-0002-3933-0854], Sineo, Luca [0000-0001-8634-2295], Garcia, Géraldine [0000-0001-5777-7126], Połtowicz-Bobak, Marta [0000-0003-1973-4971], Bobak, Dariusz [0000-0002-5216-6630], Le Luyer, Mona [0000-0001-7999-0294], Kabaciński, Jacek [0000-0002-2118-2005], Berezina, Natalia [0000-0001-5704-9153], González-Rabanal, Borja [0000-0002-1802-994X], Amkreutz, Luc [0000-0003-4664-5552], Bocherens, Hervé [0000-0002-0494-0126], Jankauskas, Rimantas [0000-0001-7611-2576], Conard, Nicholas J [0000-0002-4633-0385], Valentin, Frédérique [0000-0002-0575-7681], Harvati, Katerina [0000-0001-5998-4794], Schulting, Rick [0000-0002-4444-766X], Mannermaa, Kristiina [0000-0002-8510-1120], Buzhilova, Alexandra [0000-0001-6398-2177], Caramelli, David [0000-0001-6468-1675], Altena, Eveline [0000-0001-8911-7771], Haak, Wolfgang [0000-0003-2475-2007], Krause, Johannes [0000-0001-9144-3920], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Rohrlach, Adam B. [0000-0002-4204-5018], Drucker, Dorothée G. [0000-0003-0854-4371], Scheib, Christiana L. [0000-0003-4158-8296], Conard, Nicholas J. [0000-0002-4633-0385], Posth, Cosimo, Yu, He, Ghalichi, Ayshin, Rougier, Hélène, Crevecoeur, Isabelle, Huang, Yilei, Ringbauer, Harald, Rohrlach, Adam B, Nägele, Kathrin, Villalba-Mouco, Vanessa, Radzeviciute, Rita, Ferraz, Tiago, Stoessel, Alexander, Tukhbatova, Rezeda, Drucker, Dorothée G, Lari, Martina, Modi, Alessandra, Vai, Stefania, Saupe, Tina, Scheib, Christiana L, Catalano, Giulio, Pagani, Luca, Talamo, Sahra, Fewlass, Helen, Klaric, Laurent, Morala, André, Rué, Mathieu, Madelaine, Stéphane, Crépin, Laurent, Caverne, Jean-Baptiste, Bocaege, Emmy, Ricci, Stefano, Boschin, Francesco, Bayle, Priscilla, Maureille, Bruno, Le Brun-Ricalens, Foni, Bordes, Jean-Guillaume, Oxilia, Gregorio, Bortolini, Eugenio, Bignon-Lau, Olivier, Debout, Grégory, Orliac, Michel, Zazzo, Antoine, Sparacello, Vitale, Starnini, Elisabetta, Sineo, Luca, van der Plicht, Johanne, Pecqueur, Laure, Merceron, Gilda, Garcia, Géraldine, Leuvrey, Jean-Michel, Garcia, Coralie Bay, Gómez-Olivencia, Asier, Połtowicz-Bobak, Marta, Bobak, Dariusz, Le Luyer, Mona, Storm, Paul, Hoffmann, Claudia, Kabaciński, Jacek, Filimonova, Tatiana, Shnaider, Svetlana, Berezina, Natalia, González-Rabanal, Borja, González Morales, Manuel R, Marín-Arroyo, Ana B, López, Belén, Alonso-Llamazares, Carmen, Ronchitelli, Annamaria, Polet, Caroline, Jadin, Ivan, Cauwe, Nicola, Soler, Joaquim, Coromina, Neu, Rufí, Isaac, Cottiaux, Richard, Clark, Geoffrey, Straus, Lawrence G, Julien, Marie-Anne, Renhart, Silvia, Talaa, Dorothea, Benazzi, Stefano, Romandini, Matteo, Amkreutz, Luc, Bocherens, Hervé, Wißing, Christoph, Villotte, Sébastien, de Pablo, Javier Fernández-López, Gómez-Puche, Magdalena, Esquembre-Bebia, Marco Aurelio, Bodu, Pierre, Smits, Liesbeth, Souffi, Bénédicte, Jankauskas, Rimanta, Kozakaitė, Justina, Cupillard, Christophe, Benthien, Hartmut, Wehrberger, Kurt, Schmitz, Ralf W, Feine, Susanne C, Schüler, Tim, Thevenet, Corinne, Grigorescu, Dan, Lüth, Friedrich, Kotula, Andrea, Piezonka, Henny, Schopper, Franz, Svoboda, Jiří, Sázelová, Sandra, Chizhevsky, Andrey, Khokhlov, Aleksandr, Conard, Nicholas J, Valentin, Frédérique, Harvati, Katerina, Semal, Patrick, Jungklaus, Bettina, Suvorov, Alexander, Schulting, Rick, Moiseyev, Vyacheslav, Mannermaa, Kristiina, Buzhilova, Alexandra, Terberger, Thoma, Caramelli, David, Altena, Eveline, Haak, Wolfgang, Krause, Johannes, Universidad de Alicante. Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Arqueología y Patrimonio Histórico, Prehistoria y Protohistoria, Pagani, Luca [0000-0002-6639-524X], and Alonso-Llamazares, Carmen [0000-0002-1053-1388]

Subjects
History, Ancient dna, Interactions, Cave, 45/23, Admixture, Settore BIO/08 - Antropologia, 631/208/457, 631/181/27, 6160 Other humanities, Contamination, Humans, Hunting, Palaeogenomics, Population-structure, Archaeology, Biological anthropology, Evolutionary genetics, Population genetics, History, Ancient, Human evolution, Diversity, Occupation, Multidisciplinary, 45, Genome, Human, article, Paleontology, Last glacial maximum, Human Genetics, Gene Pool, Genomics, 631/181/19/2471, Pleistocene, Europe, Genomic transformations, 631/181/2474, Anthropology, Hunter-gatherers, Genome sequence
Abstract

Acknowledgements: The authors thank G. Marciani and O. Jöris for comments on archaeology; C. Jeong, M. Spyrou and K. Prüfer for comments on genetics; M. O’Reilly for graphical support for Fig. 5 and Extended Data Fig. 9; the entire IT and laboratory teams at the Department of Archaeogenetics of MPI-SHH for technical assistance; M. Meyer and S. Nagel for support with single-stranded library preparation; K. Post, P. van Es, J. Glimmerveen, M. Medendorp, M. Sier, S. Dikstra, M. Dikstra, R. van Eerden, D. Duineveld and A. Hoekman for providing access to human specimens from the North Sea (The Netherlands); M. D. Garralda and A. Estalrrich for providing access to human specimens from La Riera (Spain); J. Górski and M. Zając for providing access to human specimens from Maszycka cave; C. Di Patti for providing access to human specimens from San Teodoro 2 (Italy); P. Blaževičius for providing access to the Donkalnis human remains and the new radiocarbon dates; the Italian Ministry of Culture and Soprintendenza Archeologia Belle Arti e Paesaggio for the Provinces of Verona, Rovigo, and Vicenza for granting access to the human remains of Tagliente 2; F. Fontana, who carries out investigations of the Riparo Tagliente site (Italy); the Friuli Venezia Giulia Superintendency for providing access to the human tooth Pradis 1; and the Soprintendenza Archeologia Belle Arti e Paesaggio for the Provinces of Barletta-Andria-Trani and Foggia for providing access to the Paglicci human remains. This project has received funding by the European Research Council under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreements no. 803147-RESOLUTION (to S.T.), no. 771234-PALEoRIDER (to W.H.), no. 864358 (to K.M.), no. 724703 and no. 101019659 (to K.H.). K.H. is also supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG FOR 2237). E.A. has received funding from the Van de Kamp fonds. PACEA co-authors of this research benefited from the scientific framework of the University of Bordeaux’s IdEx Investments for the Future programme/GPR Human Past. A.G.-O. is supported by a Ramón y Cajal fellowship (RYC-2017-22558). L. Sineo, M.L. and D.C. have received funding from the Italian Ministry of University and Research (MUR) PRIN 2017 grants 20177PJ9XF and 20174BTC4R_002. H. Rougier received support from the College of Social and Behavioral Sciences of CSUN and the CSUN Competition for RSCA Awards. C.L.S. and T. Saupe received support from the European Union through the European Regional Development Fund (project no. 2014-2020.4.01.16-0030) and C.L.S. received support from the Estonian Research Council grant PUT (PRG243). S. Shnaider received support from the Russian Science Foundation (no. 19-78-10053)., Modern humans have populated Europe for more than 45,000 years1,2. Our knowledge of the genetic relatedness and structure of ancient hunter-gatherers is however limited, owing to the scarceness and poor molecular preservation of human remains from that period3. Here we analyse 356 ancient hunter-gatherer genomes, including new genomic data for 116 individuals from 14 countries in western and central Eurasia, spanning between 35,000 and 5,000 years ago. We identify a genetic ancestry profile in individuals associated with Upper Palaeolithic Gravettian assemblages from western Europe that is distinct from contemporaneous groups related to this archaeological culture in central and southern Europe4, but resembles that of preceding individuals associated with the Aurignacian culture. This ancestry profile survived during the Last Glacial Maximum (25,000 to 19,000 years ago) in human populations from southwestern Europe associated with the Solutrean culture, and with the following Magdalenian culture that re-expanded northeastward after the Last Glacial Maximum. Conversely, we reveal a genetic turnover in southern Europe suggesting a local replacement of human groups around the time of the Last Glacial Maximum, accompanied by a north-to-south dispersal of populations associated with the Epigravettian culture. From at least 14,000 years ago, an ancestry related to this culture spread from the south across the rest of Europe, largely replacing the Magdalenian-associated gene pool. After a period of limited admixture that spanned the beginning of the Mesolithic, we find genetic interactions between western and eastern European hunter-gatherers, who were also characterized by marked differences in phenotypically relevant variants.

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

26. The review of the IX International scientific conference, dedicated to the memory of academicians V.P. Alexeev and T.I. Alexeeva

Author

Alexandra Buzhilova, Anastasia Agdzhoyan, and KAUSHIK BOSE

Subjects
General Medicine
Abstract

IX International Scientific Conference dedicated to the memory of academicians V.P. Alexeev and T.I.Alexeeva, was held in Moscow from October 17th to October 20th, 2022. This time, the leading organizer of the event was the Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology N.N. Miklukho-Maclay of the Russian Academy of Sciences, although as in the previous Alexeevsky readings, the Scientific Research Institute and the Museum of Anthropology named after D.N. Anuchin Moscow State University and the Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences were actively involved in it’s organization. Despite the fact that this time all presentations were held online, it should be noted that the quality of papers, as well as the activity of the participants of the event, turned out to be at the highest level. 90 papers were presented by 120 authors from Russia, Armenia, Belarus, India, Poland, Mongolia and Great Britain. Russian speakers represented scientific institutions from Moscow, Krasnodar region, Nizhny Novgorod, Kemerovo, Tyumen and Rostov regions, Volgograd, Ufa, Magadan, Pskov and St.Petersburg. At the opening of the conference, the names of the winners of the V.P Alexeev and T.I.Alexeeva Award in the field of interdisciplinary research in archaeology and anthropology in 2022 were announced. They were DSci Balabanova Aria Afanasievna and PhD Pererva Evgeny Vladimirovich. We sincerely congratulate our Volgograd colleagues and wish them new discoveries and scientific achievements. The topics of the meeting reflected the main modern trends in biological anthropology and related disciplines and included the Russian-Indian roundtable “Children’s Growth and Health”, conducted in English, as well as the sections “Human Evolution and Behavior: Modern Approaches and Perspectives”, “Modern Problems in Applied Anthropology”, “Adaptation Processes in the Indigenous People from the Modern Human Populations”, “Sports Anthropology”, “Modern Issues of the Ethnogenesis of Ancient Populations”, “Factors of the Population Variability – New Approaches and Perspectives of Research”, “Bioarchaeological Reconstruction – Perspectives and Limits of the Method”, “Paleoecological Aspects of Human Studies in the Context of Modern Biogeochemical Research”, “Demography as a tool for analyzing the stress resistance of a population in the past and present”.

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

27. Diversity and differential disposal of the dead at Sunghir

Author

Trinkaus, Erik and Buzhilova, Alexandra P.

Subjects
Sungir Site -- Social aspects, Burial -- Analysis -- Methods, Paleolithic period -- Social aspects, Anthropology/archeology/folklore
Abstract

Understanding the Palaeolithic emergence of human social complexity opens up a key perspective on later periods of cultural evolution. Palaeolithic mortuary practice is particularly revealing, as it echoes the social statuses of both the living and the dead. The famous Sunghir burials fall at the beginning of this sequence. Bioarchaeological analysis of the Sunghir individuals, viewed in the context of earlier Upper Palaeolithic mortuary behaviour more generally, reveals the concurrent practice of a range of funerary treatments, some of which are probably related to individual pathological abnormalities. Through this approach, the Sunghir burials become more than just an example of elaborate Palaeolithic burial, and highlight the diversity of early social and mortuary behaviours. Keywords: Russia, Sunghir, Palaeolithic, mortuary practice, social complexity, Introduction Since their discovery half a century ago, the human burials at Sunghir (CyHrHpb, Sungir') have figured prominently in discussions of earlier Upper Palaeolithic burials, personal ornamentation, clothing and social [...]

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

28. Anthropology in the focus of social time. Part 2. Development and differentiation of science

Author

Alexandra Buzhilova

Subjects
General Medicine
Abstract

A series of articles is devoted to the analysis of the formation and transformation of anthropology as an academic science. The study uses a scale of social time, which makes it possible to assess the reasons for the transformation of anthropology depending on social events that form the challenges of society in different countries. The article analyzes the epochs of the development of anthropology and its main directions and approaches. Particular attention is paid to the stage of formation of the population approach in science, which became relevant by the early 1970s. In addition, an analysis of the development of anthropology over the past thirty years is given. During this period, anthropology is characterized by the widespread introduction of related disciplines that are aimed at solving the traditional problems of anthropology. This phenomenon is discussed in the context of the natural process of science differentiation. According to the author, in order to preserve the integrity of anthropology, there is a universal way to follow the main goal of anthropology - the integration of the study of different facets of human nature. In order to introduce interdisciplinarity into the subsequent stage of development of anthropological science, it will be necessary to form the theoretical basis of science.

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

29. At the onset of settled pastoralism – Implications of archaeozoological and isotope analyses from Bronze age sites in the North Caucasus

Author

Reinhold, Sabine, primary, Eger, Jana, additional, Benecke, Norbert, additional, Knipper, Corina, additional, Mariaschk, Dirk, additional, Hansen, Svend, additional, Pichler, Sandra L., additional, Gerling, Claudia, additional, Buzhilova, Aleksandra P., additional, Mishina, Tatyana A., additional, Korobov, Dmitriy S., additional, and Belinskiy, Andrey B., additional

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

30. Palaeogenomics of Upper Palaeolithic to Neolithic European hunter-gatherers

Author

Universidad de Alicante. Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Arqueología y Patrimonio Histórico, Posth, Cosimo, Yu, He, Ghalichi, Ayshin, Rougier, Hélène, Crevecoeur, Isabelle, Huang, Yilei, Ringbauer, Harald, Rohrlach, Adam B., Nägele, Kathrin, Villalba-Mouco, Vanessa, Radzeviciute, Rita, Ferraz, Tiago, Stoessel, Alexander, Tukhbatova, Rezeda, Drucker, Dorothée G., Lari, Martina, Modi, Alessandra, Vai, Stefania, Saupe, Tina, Scheib, Christiana L., Catalano, Giulio, Pagani, Luca, Talamo, Sahra, Fewlass, Helen, Klaric, Laurent, Morala, André, Rué, Mathieu, Madelaine, Stéphane, Crépin, Laurent, Caverne, Jean-Baptiste, Bocaege, Emmy, Ricci, Stefano, Boschin, Francesco, Bayle, Priscilla, Maureille, Bruno, Le Brun-Ricalens, Foni, Bordes, Jean-Guillaume, Oxilia, Gregorio, Bortolini, Eugenio, Bignon-Lau, Olivier, Debout, Grégory, Orliac, Michel, Zazzo, Antoine, Sparacello, Vitale, Starnini, Elisabetta, Sineo, Luca, van der Plicht, Johannes, Pecqueur, Laure, Merceron, Gildas, Garcia, Géraldine, Leuvrey, Jean-Michel, Garcia, Coralie Bay, Gómez-Olivencia, Asier, Połtowicz-Bobak, Marta, Bobak, Dariusz, Le Luyer, Mona, Storm, Paul, Hoffmann, Claudia, Kabaciński, Jacek, Filimonova, Tatiana, Shnaider, Svetlana, Berezina, Natalia, González-Rabanal, Borja, González Morales, Manuel R., Marín-Arroyo, Ana B., López, Belén, Alonso-Llamazares, Carmen, Ronchitelli, Annamaria, Polet, Caroline, Jadin, Ivan, Cauwe, Nicolas, Soler, Joaquim, Coromina, Neus, Rufí, Isaac, Cottiaux, Richard, Clark, Geoffrey, Straus, Lawrence G., Julien, Marie-Anne, Renhart, Silvia, Talaa, Dorothea, Benazzi, Stefano, Romandini, Matteo, Amkreutz, Luc, Bocherens, Hervé, Wißing, Christoph, Villotte, Sébastien, Fernández‐López de Pablo, Javier, Gómez-Puche, Magdalena, Esquembre Bebia, Marco Aurelio, Bodu, Pierre, Smits, Liesbeth, Souffi, Bénédicte, Jankauskas, Rimantas, Kozakaitė, Justina, Cupillard, Christophe, Benthien, Hartmut, Wehrberger, Kurt, Schmitz, Ralf W., Feine, Susanne C., Schüler, Tim, Thevenet, Corinne, Grigorescu, Dan, Lüth, Friedrich, Kotula, Andreas, Piezonka, Henny, Schopper, Franz, Svoboda, Jiří, Sázelová, Sandra, Chizhevsky, Andrey, Khokhlov, Aleksandr, Conard, Nicholas J., Valentin, Frédérique, Harvati, Katerina, Semal, Patrick, Jungklaus, Bettina, Suvorov, Alexander, Schulting, Rick, Moiseyev, Vyacheslav, Mannermaa, Kristiina, Buzhilova, Alexandra, Terberger, Thomas, Caramelli, David, Altena, Eveline, Haak, Wolfgang, Krause, Johannes, Universidad de Alicante. Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Arqueología y Patrimonio Histórico, Posth, Cosimo, Yu, He, Ghalichi, Ayshin, Rougier, Hélène, Crevecoeur, Isabelle, Huang, Yilei, Ringbauer, Harald, Rohrlach, Adam B., Nägele, Kathrin, Villalba-Mouco, Vanessa, Radzeviciute, Rita, Ferraz, Tiago, Stoessel, Alexander, Tukhbatova, Rezeda, Drucker, Dorothée G., Lari, Martina, Modi, Alessandra, Vai, Stefania, Saupe, Tina, Scheib, Christiana L., Catalano, Giulio, Pagani, Luca, Talamo, Sahra, Fewlass, Helen, Klaric, Laurent, Morala, André, Rué, Mathieu, Madelaine, Stéphane, Crépin, Laurent, Caverne, Jean-Baptiste, Bocaege, Emmy, Ricci, Stefano, Boschin, Francesco, Bayle, Priscilla, Maureille, Bruno, Le Brun-Ricalens, Foni, Bordes, Jean-Guillaume, Oxilia, Gregorio, Bortolini, Eugenio, Bignon-Lau, Olivier, Debout, Grégory, Orliac, Michel, Zazzo, Antoine, Sparacello, Vitale, Starnini, Elisabetta, Sineo, Luca, van der Plicht, Johannes, Pecqueur, Laure, Merceron, Gildas, Garcia, Géraldine, Leuvrey, Jean-Michel, Garcia, Coralie Bay, Gómez-Olivencia, Asier, Połtowicz-Bobak, Marta, Bobak, Dariusz, Le Luyer, Mona, Storm, Paul, Hoffmann, Claudia, Kabaciński, Jacek, Filimonova, Tatiana, Shnaider, Svetlana, Berezina, Natalia, González-Rabanal, Borja, González Morales, Manuel R., Marín-Arroyo, Ana B., López, Belén, Alonso-Llamazares, Carmen, Ronchitelli, Annamaria, Polet, Caroline, Jadin, Ivan, Cauwe, Nicolas, Soler, Joaquim, Coromina, Neus, Rufí, Isaac, Cottiaux, Richard, Clark, Geoffrey, Straus, Lawrence G., Julien, Marie-Anne, Renhart, Silvia, Talaa, Dorothea, Benazzi, Stefano, Romandini, Matteo, Amkreutz, Luc, Bocherens, Hervé, Wißing, Christoph, Villotte, Sébastien, Fernández‐López de Pablo, Javier, Gómez-Puche, Magdalena, Esquembre Bebia, Marco Aurelio, Bodu, Pierre, Smits, Liesbeth, Souffi, Bénédicte, Jankauskas, Rimantas, Kozakaitė, Justina, Cupillard, Christophe, Benthien, Hartmut, Wehrberger, Kurt, Schmitz, Ralf W., Feine, Susanne C., Schüler, Tim, Thevenet, Corinne, Grigorescu, Dan, Lüth, Friedrich, Kotula, Andreas, Piezonka, Henny, Schopper, Franz, Svoboda, Jiří, Sázelová, Sandra, Chizhevsky, Andrey, Khokhlov, Aleksandr, Conard, Nicholas J., Valentin, Frédérique, Harvati, Katerina, Semal, Patrick, Jungklaus, Bettina, Suvorov, Alexander, Schulting, Rick, Moiseyev, Vyacheslav, Mannermaa, Kristiina, Buzhilova, Alexandra, Terberger, Thomas, Caramelli, David, Altena, Eveline, Haak, Wolfgang, and Krause, Johannes

Abstract

Modern humans have populated Europe for more than 45,000 years1,2. Our knowledge of the genetic relatedness and structure of ancient hunter-gatherers is however limited, owing to the scarceness and poor molecular preservation of human remains from that period3. Here we analyse 356 ancient hunter-gatherer genomes, including new genomic data for 116 individuals from 14 countries in western and central Eurasia, spanning between 35,000 and 5,000 years ago. We identify a genetic ancestry profile in individuals associated with Upper Palaeolithic Gravettian assemblages from western Europe that is distinct from contemporaneous groups related to this archaeological culture in central and southern Europe4, but resembles that of preceding individuals associated with the Aurignacian culture. This ancestry profile survived during the Last Glacial Maximum (25,000 to 19,000 years ago) in human populations from southwestern Europe associated with the Solutrean culture, and with the following Magdalenian culture that re-expanded northeastward after the Last Glacial Maximum. Conversely, we reveal a genetic turnover in southern Europe suggesting a local replacement of human groups around the time of the Last Glacial Maximum, accompanied by a north-to-south dispersal of populations associated with the Epigravettian culture. From at least 14,000 years ago, an ancestry related to this culture spread from the south across the rest of Europe, largely replacing the Magdalenian-associated gene pool. After a period of limited admixture that spanned the beginning of the Mesolithic, we find genetic interactions between western and eastern European hunter-gatherers, who were also characterized by marked differences in phenotypically relevant variants.

Published
2023

32. Anthropology in the focus of social time. Part 1. Pioneers and founders of science

Author

Alexandra Buzhilova

Subjects
General Medicine
Abstract

A series of articles is devoted to the analysis of the formation and transformation of anthropology as a fundamental science. The study uses a social time scale, which makes it possible to assess the reasons for the transformations, ups and downs of science in different countries, depending on social events that form the challenges of society. At present, anthropology, like no other science, has a different "content" depending on the country in which it is formed. At the same time, like all sciences, it has a common history, common tasks and methods. Whether this is a consequence of the internal contradiction of anthropology (a single science or a collection of separate human sciences), or the reason for regional characteristics is the result of the influence of the society in which it develops. It is proposed to begin the discussion of issues important for determining the status of modern anthropology by plunging into its history, to which the first part of the work is devoted. The article discusses the achievements of the initial stage of anthropology, when in Paris it became possible to found a professional Society, a journal, a School and Laboratory, as well as an Anthropological Museum. Why did it work for P. Broca in France, and did not become possible for another scientist in another country. Why did the brilliant works of K. von Baer not give rise to the formation of the Russian school of anthropology. How did it happen that A. Hrdlička and D. N. Anuchin, who received the same skills and knowledge in Paris and founded essentially the same schools of anthropology in America and Russia, did not become guarantors of the same development of anthropology in these countries. What can cross out science in a particular country, bringing a negative connotation to the term "anthropology" for many years. What could be the catalyst for the revival of interest in the natural history of man. How fundamental science acquires applied aspects and becomes “attractive” for the economy of a particular country. These and many other questions are presented in a polemical review of the many-sided anthropology.

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

33. Methodological aspects of differentiation of hyperostosis frontalis interna based on computed tomography of the skulls

Author

A.P. Buzhilova and A.S. Kolyasnikova

Subjects
Archeology, Anthropology
Abstract

Hyperostosis frontalis interna (HFI) is a pathological condition characterized by bilateral thickening of the in-ner surface of the frontal bone. HFI is often an incidental finding during routine clinical examinations of patients by computed tomography. The etiology of the condition is currently unknown, but HFI commonly appears with a number of metabolic disorders and hormonal dysfunctions. According to studies, hyperostosis frontalis interna is more common in women than in men. Frequency of HFI is increasing in the modern population. In this study, 195 CT scans of mature individuals of various sex and ages were analyzed using the Amira 2020.1 software: 145 CT scans of skulls from from the collections of the Anuchin Research Institute and Museum of Anthropology, Moscow State University and 50 CT scans of Israeli Bedouins from the Institute's exchange collection (with the University of Tel-Aviv, Israel). Nine cases of hyperostosis frontalis interna (5 in males and 4 in females) were found among the analyzed scans. A three-step algorithm for identifying HFI was generated, as well as criteria for distinguishing hyperostosis frontalis interna from other endocranial bony overgrowths. The integrity of the skull, the condition of the frontal bone and other skull bones should be evaluated to exclude diffuse pathological changes which are morphologically close to HFI. Also a researcher should pay attention to the localization of the growths, their boundaries and prevalence. The condition of the diploe and endocranial plate of the frontal bone should be evaluated and compared it with other layers in other bones of the skull on 2D slices. Evaluation of the relief of the internal surface of the frontal bone should be performed on 2D slices in different sections. The patho-logy should be distinguished using data of localization, prevalence, involvement of other bone structures of the skull, as well as the condition of the diploe and inner surface of the frontal bone. The method can be useful for a comparative study using morphological and radiological criteria, which will help to exclude doubtful cases during analyzing pathology on paleoanthropological material.

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

34. Ancient human genome-wide data from a 3000-year interval in the Caucasus corresponds with eco-geographic regions

Author

Wang, Chuan-Chao, Reinhold, Sabine, Kalmykov, Alexey, Wissgott, Antje, Brandt, Guido, Jeong, Choongwon, Cheronet, Olivia, Ferry, Matthew, Harney, Eadaoin, Keating, Denise, Mallick, Swapan, Rohland, Nadin, Stewardson, Kristin, Kantorovich, Anatoly R., Maslov, Vladimir E., Petrenko, Vladimira G., Erlikh, Vladimir R., Atabiev, Biaslan Ch., Magomedov, Rabadan G., Kohl, Philipp L., Alt, Kurt W., Pichler, Sandra L., Gerling, Claudia, Meller, Harald, Vardanyan, Benik, Yeganyan, Larisa, Rezepkin, Alexey D., Mariaschk, Dirk, Berezina, Natalia, Gresky, Julia, Fuchs, Katharina, Knipper, Corina, Schiffels, Stephan, Balanovska, Elena, Balanovsky, Oleg, Mathieson, Iain, Higham, Thomas, Berezin, Yakov B., Buzhilova, Alexandra, Trifonov, Viktor, Pinhasi, Ron, Belinskij, Andrej B., Reich, David, Hansen, Svend, Krause, Johannes, and Haak, Wolfgang

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

35. Author Correction: Population genomics of the Viking world

Author

Margaryan, Ashot, Lawson, Daniel J., Sikora, Martin, Racimo, Fernando, Rasmussen, Simon, Moltke, Ida, Cassidy, Lara M., Jørsboe, Emil, Ingason, Andrés, Pedersen, Mikkel W., Korneliussen, Thorfinn, Wilhelmson, Helene, Buś, Magdalena M., de Barros Damgaard, Peter, Martiniano, Rui, Renaud, Gabriel, Bhérer, Claude, Moreno-Mayar, J. Víctor, Fotakis, Anna K., Allen, Marie, Allmäe, Raili, Molak, Martyna, Cappellini, Enrico, Scorrano, Gabriele, McColl, Hugh, Buzhilova, Alexandra, Fox, Allison, Albrechtsen, Anders, Schütz, Berit, Skar, Birgitte, Arcini, Caroline, Falys, Ceri, Jonson, Charlotte Hedenstierna, Błaszczyk, Dariusz, Pezhemsky, Denis, Turner-Walker, Gordon, Gestsdóttir, Hildur, Lundstrøm, Inge, Gustin, Ingrid, Mainland, Ingrid, Potekhina, Inna, Muntoni, Italo M., Cheng, Jade, Stenderup, Jesper, Ma, Jilong, Gibson, Julie, Peets, Jüri, Gustafsson, Jörgen, Iversen, Katrine H., Simpson, Linzi, Strand, Lisa, Loe, Louise, Sikora, Maeve, Florek, Marek, Vretemark, Maria, Redknap, Mark, Bajka, Monika, Pushkina, Tamara, Søvsø, Morten, Grigoreva, Natalia, Christensen, Tom, Kastholm, Ole, Uldum, Otto, Favia, Pasquale, Holck, Per, Sten, Sabine, Arge, Símun V., Ellingvåg, Sturla, Moiseyev, Vayacheslav, Bogdanowicz, Wiesław, Magnusson, Yvonne, Orlando, Ludovic, Pentz, Peter, Jessen, Mads Dengsø, Pedersen, Anne, Collard, Mark, Bradley, Daniel G., Jørkov, Marie Louise, Arneborg, Jette, Lynnerup, Niels, Price, Neil, Gilbert, M. Thomas P., Allentoft, Morten E., Bill, Jan, Sindbæk, Søren M., Hedeager, Lotte, Kristiansen, Kristian, Nielsen, Rasmus, Werge, Thomas, and Willerslev, Eske

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

36. CONE-BEAM COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IN PALEOANTHROPOLOGY

Author

A. Yu. Vasil’ev, A. P. Buzhilova, E. A. Egorova, D. V. Makarova, N. Ya. Berezina, I. S. Zorina, and V. I. Khartanovich

Subjects
cone-beam computed tomography, bone structure, paleoanthropology, Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine, R895-920
Abstract

Objective: to study the capabilities of cone-bean computed tomography (CBCT) in estimating the bone structure when analyzing anthropological findings.Material and methods. Twenty-four bone fragments (remains) of Napoléon Bonaparte Imperial Army soldiers who had died at a Königsberg military hospital during their retreat from Russia in the War of 1812 were examined by CBCT. A total of 28 tubular bones with different injury healing signs and a skull with maxillofacial trauma marks were investigated. Furthermore, an object from D.G. Rokhlin’s paleopathological collection was used to analyze a complicated humeral infectious process. CBCT was performed by individually selecting the scanning foldings, physicotechnical conditions and regimens in relation to the anatomic location and size of fragments.Results. Processing of the obtained images reveled fractures of different bones in 19 (65.5%) cases. The signs of ununited fractures were visualized in 20.7% of the samples. Image post-processing showed intraarticular consolidated fractures in 13.8% of the anthropological findings. The CBCT examination of bone fragments exhibited the signs of their fusion. A wound pattern was established in 31% of the samples. The specific features of a bone amputation stump could be characterized in detail in 17.2% of the anthropological findings. 51.7% of the cases were found to have signs of sustained bone inflammatory diseases of various genesis, which in 41.4% of them were presented by linear, bulbar, and assimilated periostal reactions and significantly detectable on CBCT scans. Sequestral cavities were imaged in 31% of the fragments.Conclusion. The CBCT images are characterized by high informative value (from 7.5 to 10.6 pixels/mm), optimal spatial resolution, definition, and hardness. The software of CBCT involves the parameters and possible postprocessing of images (building of panoramic and mulplanar reconstructions, assessment of the density characteristics of tissues), which allow an analysis of anthropological material, by needlessly destroying them.

Published
2016
Full Text
View/download PDF

37. Palaeogenomics of Upper Palaeolithic to Neolithic European hunter-gatherers

Author

Posth, C., Yu, H., Ghalichi, A., Rougier, H., Crevecoeur, I., Huang, Y., Ringbauer, H., Rohrlach, A., Nägele, K., Villalba-Mouco, V., Radzeviciute, R., Ferraz, T., Stoessel, A., Tukhbatova, R., Drucker, D., Lari, M., Modi, A., Vai, S., Saupe, T., Scheib, C., Catalano, G., Pagani, L., Talamo, S., Fewlass, H., Klaric, L., Morala, A., Rué, M., Madelaine, S., Crépin, L., Caverne, J., Bocaege, E., Ricci, S., Boschin, F., Bayle, P., Maureille, B., Le Brun-Ricalens, F., Bordes, J., Oxilia, G., Bortolini, E., Bignon-Lau, O., Debout, G., Orliac, M., Zazzo, A., Sparacello, V., Starnini, E., Sineo, L., van der Plicht, J., Pecqueur, L., Merceron, G., Garcia, G., Leuvrey, J., Garcia, C., Gómez-Olivencia, A., Połtowicz-Bobak, M., Bobak, D., Le Luyer, M., Storm, P., Hoffmann, C., Kabaciński, J., Filimonova, T., Shnaider, S., Berezina, N., González-Rabanal, B., Morales, G., R., M., Marín-Arroyo, A., López, B., Alonso-Llamazares, C., Ronchitelli, A., Polet, C., Jadin, I., Cauwe, N., Soler, J., Coromina, N., Rufí, I., Cottiaux, R., Clark, G., Straus, L., Julien, M., Renhart, S., Talaa, D., Benazzi, S., Romandini, M., Amkreutz, L., Bocherens, H., Wißing, C., Villotte, S., de Pablo, Fernández-López, J., Gómez-Puche, M., Esquembre-Bebia, M., Bodu, P., Smits, L., Souffi, B., Jankauskas, R., Kozakaitė, J., Cupillard, C., Benthien, H., Wehrberger, K., Schmitz, R., Feine, S., Schüler, T., Thevenet, C., Grigorescu, D., Lüth, F., Kotula, A., Piezonka, H., Schopper, F., Svoboda, J., Sázelová, S., Chizhevsky, A., Khokhlov, A., Conard, N., Valentin, F., Harvati, K., Semal, P., Jungklaus, B., Suvorov, A., Schulting, R., Moiseyev, V., Mannermaa, K., Buzhilova, A., Terberger, T., Caramelli, D., Altena, E., Haak, W., and Krause, J.

Abstract

Modern humans have populated Europe for more than 45,000 years1,2. Our knowledge of the genetic relatedness and structure of ancient hunter-gatherers is however limited, owing to the scarceness and poor molecular preservation of human remains from that period3. Here we analyse 356 ancient hunter-gatherer genomes, including new genomic data for 116 individuals from 14 countries in western and central Eurasia, spanning between 35,000 and 5,000 years ago. We identify a genetic ancestry profile in individuals associated with Upper Palaeolithic Gravettian assemblages from western Europe that is distinct from contemporaneous groups related to this archaeological culture in central and southern Europe4, but resembles that of preceding individuals associated with the Aurignacian culture. This ancestry profile survived during the Last Glacial Maximum (25,000 to 19,000 years ago) in human populations from southwestern Europe associated with the Solutrean culture, and with the following Magdalenian culture that re-expanded northeastward after the Last Glacial Maximum. Conversely, we reveal a genetic turnover in southern Europe suggesting a local replacement of human groups around the time of the Last Glacial Maximum, accompanied by a north-to-south dispersal of populations associated with the Epigravettian culture. From at least 14,000 years ago, an ancestry related to this culture spread from the south across the rest of Europe, largely replacing the Magdalenian-associated gene pool. After a period of limited admixture that spanned the beginning of the Mesolithic, we find genetic interactions between western and eastern European hunter-gatherers, who were also characterized by marked differences in phenotypically relevant variants. Ancient DNA data generation Before the LGM LGM in southwestern and western Europe Post-LGM in the Italian peninsula Post-LGM in western and central Europe Post-14 ka to Neolithic Phenotypically relevant variants Discussion and conclusions Methods

Published
2023

38. Exploring Hypotheses on Early Holocene Caspian Seafaring Through Personal Ornaments: A Study of Changing Styles and Symbols in Western Central Asia

Author

Solange Rigaud, Alain Queffelec, François-Xavier Le Bourdonnec, Saltanat Alisher kyzy, Stanley H. Ambrose, Ronan Ledevin, Redzhep Kurbanov, Alexandra Buzhilova, Natalia Berezina, Rustam H. Ziganshin, and Svetlana Shnaider

Subjects
Archeology, Conservation, Education
Abstract

This article studies the discoid Didacna sp. shell beads discovered at Kaylu, a Middle Holocene burial site located in Southern Turkmenistan. Microscopic, morphometric, spectrometric, and SEM analyses were carried out on the material to identify how the beads were manufactured and used. New radiocarbon dating and bioanthropological data to age and sex the two skeletons discovered in the burials are provided. A regional synthesis shows that personal ornaments from the Caspian region were diversified through time and that a stylistic shift between the last foragers and the first farmers occurred. We also observed strong correspondences between the personal ornaments documented in the northern, eastern, and western Caspian Sea during the Neolithic, with no evidence of similar symbolic production in Northern Iran. We propose that a northern route may have allowed the diffusion of common ornamental traditions in the Caspian region to the exclusion of the southern Caspian. Alternatively, discontinuities in material culture diffusion in coastal areas could be evidence of maritime voyaging. Seafaring may have granted the fast and spatially erratic diffusion of specific bead types, people, information, knowledge, and symbols from both sides of the Caspian Sea, by long maritime voyages or by leapfrog diffusion during the Neolithic.

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

40. Paleogenetic Analysis of the Residents from the Moscow Kremlin’s Podol (Lower Area) of the 14th Century (According to the Materials of Excavations in the Taynitsky Garden)

Author

Maria B. Mednikova, Alexandra P. Buzhilova, Asya V. Engovatova, Irina Alborova, and Kharis Mustafin

Subjects
Cultural Studies, History, Sociology and Political Science, Political Science and International Relations, Excavation, Archaeology
Abstract

Introduction. The article presents the results of paleogenetic studies of medieval human remains of three people found in a closed archaeological complex (building 32) revealed during the excavations in 2007 in the Taynitsky Garden of the Moscow Kremlin (supervisor of excavations: N.A. Makarov). Previous studies on the dating of the complex links it to the devastation of Moscow by the troops of Tokhtamysh Khan in August 1382. The archaeological layer was formed at a time as a result of a fire and contained the remains of two adults and a 3-4 year old child who remained unburied. The aim of this work was the genetic study of the ancient DNA of the remains of people who died in the 14th century, clarification of their gender, determination of kinship and presumptive origin. Material and methods. For genetic examination, teeth were selected (permanent for adults, primary for a child). The laboratory research algorithm included a set of measures to protect archaeological DNA from contamination, sample preparation and extraction of DNA from dental remains, analysis of STR markers of the Y chromosome in males, analysis of ALU markers of autosomal chromosomes, targeted NGS sequencing of hyper-variable segments of mitochondrial DNA. Results and conclusion. Using the methods of molecular genetic research, it was possible to confirm that a man, a young woman and a child (boy) died in the fire. Based on the analysis of autosomal markers, with a high degree of probability (99.9%), a close biological relationship between a woman and a child (mother-son) was revealed. The man was not a relative of either the woman or the child. The mtDNA haplogroups and STR markers of the male specific Y chromosome identified in all three individuals are generally characteristic of the Slavic population of modern Europe. The mt haplogroup J1c, found in mother and child, is now most characteristic of the inhabitants of Europe. The man has a mitochondrial haplogroup K2, which is found mainly in Northwestern Europe.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

42. Rare cases of rare diseases: Re-examining early 20th century cases of anencephaly from the collection of the Moscow State University, Russia

Author

Natalia Berezina and A. Buzhilova

Subjects
Anencephaly, Archeology, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, 060101 anthropology, Universities, 060102 archaeology, business.industry, Skull, Infant, Newborn, 06 humanities and the arts, medicine.disease, Moscow, Russia, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Rare Diseases, Humans, Medicine, 0601 history and archaeology, business, Rare disease
Abstract

Objective Documented cases of anencephaly were used to increase differential criteria of this rare disease. Material Two skulls from a 20th-century documented medical collection at the Moscow State University diagnosed with anencephaly. Methods The skulls were evaluated based on macroscopic qualitative and quantitative morphological signs and X-ray analyses. Results Metric values and morphological features differ between the two cases of anencephaly noted in the collection and the published data based on normal fetal and neonatal remains. Conclusions Analyses of medical collections helps to increase the number of diagnostic criteria for recognition and diagnosis of anencephaly in archaeological skeletons. Significance Improvement in the recognition of skeletal alterations associated with anencephaly is key towards improving our understanding of rare diseases in the past. Limitations The fragility of skeletal elements of fetal and neonate individuals can complicate thorough analyses. Suggestions for further research Continue to identify cases of anencephaly cases in medical collections and in archaeological contexts.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

44. List of contributors

Author

Anderson, Patricia M., primary, Balanovsky, Oleg P., additional, Besprozvanny, Evgeniy M., additional, Blankholm, Hans Peter, additional, Buzhilova, Alexandra P., additional, Dobrovolskaya, Mariya V., additional, Dolukhanov, Paul M., additional, Funder, Svend, additional, Gerasimova, Margarita M., additional, Glushkova, Olga Y., additional, Goebel, Ted, additional, Graf, Kelly E., additional, Gribchenko, Yuriy N., additional, Hood, Bryan, additional, Jensen, Jens F., additional, Kleppe, Jan Ingolf, additional, Kosheleva, Elena A., additional, Kosintsev, Pavel A., additional, Kurenkova, Elena I., additional, Kuzmin, Yaroslav Y., additional, Lisitsyn, Sergey N., additional, Lozhkin, Anatoly V., additional, Markelova, Olga A., additional, Markin, Sergey V., additional, Odgaard, Ulla, additional, Orlova, Liybov A., additional, Pavlov, Pavel Yu., additional, Plumet, Patrick, additional, Pogodin, Andrey A., additional, Ross, Julia M., additional, Sapelko, Tatyana V., additional, Shumkin, Vladimir Y., additional, Slobodin, Sergey B., additional, Starkov, Vadim F., additional, Subetto, Dmitriy A., additional, Vasil’ev, Sergey A., additional, Velichko, Andrey A., additional, Volokitin, Alexander V., additional, Zykina, Valentina S., additional, and Zykin, Vladimir S., additional

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

46. Hyperostosis frontalis interna in Arctic groups according to craniology

Author

Alexandra P. Buzhilova and Anna S. Kolyasnikova

Subjects
Geography, Arctic, Craniology, medicine, Anatomy, Hyperostosis frontalis interna, medicine.disease, geographic locations
Abstract

We have examined 942 skulls from the collections of the Anuchin Research Institute and Museum of Anthropology (13 craniological collections of the Arctic groups). We have analyzed the total frequency of HFI, used a comparative intergroup analysis, and evaluated the degree of HFI expression and the distribution of the trait according to sex and age. Univariate nonparametric statistics was applied. Results. It was found that the rate of HFI in the Arctic groups is much lower than in other groups of modern Eurasian and American populations. In the combined series, HFI was equally represented in both males and females. However, according to the age distribution, the male and female groups are different. HFI was more frequent in males in the Adultus and Maturus groups and in the Senilis group in females. Discussion. The significantly lower frequency of HFI in the Arctic series relative to the other modern groups show us a low level of metabolic disorders in the Arctic population and a good adaptation to the type of nutrition and living in extreme conditions. The obtained data show the predominance of the trait in the groups of mature and elderly women, and the appearance of HFI of different severity in men regardless of the age category. Probably, in the Arctic samples in women, HFI identifies metabolic disorders due to normal hormonal changes in women aging. HFI should be considered as an indicator of the presence of metabolic disorders in young and mature age in Arctic men group.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

48. Between fishing and farming: palaeogenomic analyses reveal cross-cultural interactions triggered by the arrival of the Neolithic in the Danube Gorges

Author

Zuzana Hofmanová, Carlos S. Reyna-Blanco, Camille de Becdelièvre, Ilektra Schulz, Jens Blöcher, Jelena Jovanović, Laura Winkelbach, Sylwia M. Figarska, Anna Schulz, Marko Porčić, Petr Květina, Alexandros Tsoupas, Mathias Currat, Alexandra Buzhilova, Fokke Gerritsen, Necmi Karul, George McGlynn, Jörg Orschiedt, Rana Özbal, Joris Peters, Bogdan Ridush, Thomas Terberger, Maria Teschler-Nicola, Gunita Zariņa, Andrea Zeeb-Lanz, Sofija Stefanović, Joachim Burger, and Daniel Wegmann

Abstract

SummaryWhile early Neolithic populations in Europe were largely descended from early Aegean farmers, there is also evidence of episodic gene flow from local Mesolithic hunter-gatherers into early Neolithic communities. Exactly how and where this occurred is still unknown. Here we report direct evidence for admixture between the two groups at the Danube Gorges in Serbia. Analysis of palaeogenomes recovered from skeletons revealed that second-generation mixed individuals were buried amidst individuals whose ancestry was either exclusively Aegean Neolithic or exclusively local Mesolithic. The mixed ancestry is also reflected in a corresponding mosaic of grave goods. With its deep sequence of occupation and its unique dwellings that suggest at least semi-sedentary occupation since the late Mesolithic, the area of the Danube Gorges has been at the center of the debate about the contribution of Mesolithic societies to the Neolithisation of Europe. As suggested by our data, which were processed exclusively with uncertainty-aware bioinformatic tools, it may have been precisely in such contexts that close interactions between these societies were established, and Mesolithic ancestry and cultural elements were assimilated.

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

49. Stone Age

Author

Aida, Andrades Valtueña, Gunnar U, Neumann, Maria A, Spyrou, Lyazzat, Musralina, Franziska, Aron, Arman, Beisenov, Andrey B, Belinskiy, Kirsten I, Bos, Alexandra, Buzhilova, Matthias, Conrad, Leyla B, Djansugurova, Miroslav, Dobeš, Michal, Ernée, Javier, Fernández-Eraso, Bruno, Frohlich, Mirosław, Furmanek, Agata, Hałuszko, Svend, Hansen, Éadaoin, Harney, Alina N, Hiss, Alexander, Hübner, Felix M, Key, Elmira, Khussainova, Egor, Kitov, Alexandra O, Kitova, Corina, Knipper, Denise, Kühnert, Carles, Lalueza-Fox, Judith, Littleton, Ken, Massy, Alissa, Mittnik, José Antonio, Mujika-Alustiza, Iñigo, Olalde, Luka, Papac, Sandra, Penske, Jaroslav, Peška, Ron, Pinhasi, David, Reich, Sabine, Reinhold, Raphaela, Stahl, Harald, Stäuble, Rezeda I, Tukhbatova, Sergey, Vasilyev, Elizaveta, Veselovskaya, Christina, Warinner, Philipp W, Stockhammer, Wolfgang, Haak, Johannes, Krause, and Alexander, Herbig

Subjects
Plague, Yersinia pestis, Human Migration, Animals, Genetic Variation, Humans, Animal Husbandry, DNA, Ancient, Genome, Bacterial, History, Ancient, Phylogeny
Abstract

The bacterial pathogen Yersinia pestis gave rise to devastating outbreaks throughout human history, and ancient DNA evidence has shown it afflicted human populations as far back as the Neolithic. Y. pestis genomes recovered from the Eurasian Late Neolithic/Early Bronze Age (LNBA) period have uncovered key evolutionary steps that led to its emergence from a Yersinia pseudotuberculosis-like progenitor; however, the number of reconstructed LNBA genomes are too few to explore its diversity during this critical period of development. Here, we present 17 Y. pestis genomes dating to 5,000 to 2,500 y BP from a wide geographic expanse across Eurasia. This increased dataset enabled us to explore correlations between temporal, geographical, and genetic distance. Our results suggest a nonflea-adapted and potentially extinct single lineage that persisted over millennia without significant parallel diversification, accompanied by rapid dispersal across continents throughout this period, a trend not observed in other pathogens for which ancient genomes are available. A stepwise pattern of gene loss provides further clues on its early evolution and potential adaptation. We also discover the presence of the flea-adapted form of Y. pestis in Bronze Age Iberia, previously only identified in in the Caucasus and the Volga regions, suggesting a much wider geographic spread of this form of Y. pestis. Together, these data reveal the dynamic nature of plague’s formative years in terms of its early evolution and ecology.

Published
2022

50. Population Genomics of Stone Age Eurasia

Author

Allentoft, Morten, Sikora, Martin, Alba, Refoyo-Martínez, Evan K. Irving-Pease, Fischer, Anders, Barrie, William, Ingason, Andrés, Stenderup, Jesper, Sjögren, Karl-Göran, Pearson, Alice, Sousa da Mota, Bárbara, Schulz Paulsson, Bettina, Halgren, Alma, Macleod, Ruairidh, Schjellerup Jørkov, Marie Louise, Demeter, Fabrice, Novosolov, Maria, Sørensen, Lasse, Nielsen, Poul Otto, Henriksen, Rasmus H.A., Vimala, Tharsika, McColl, Hugh, Margaryan, Ashot, Ilardo, Melissa, Vaughn, Andrew, Mortensen, Morten Fischer, Nielsen, Anne Birgitte, Hede, Mikkel Ulfeldt, Rasmussen, Peter, Vinner, Lasse, Renaud, Gabriel, Stern, Aaron, Theis Zetner Trolle Jensen, Johannsen, Niels Nørkjær, Scorrano, Gabriele, Schroeder, Hannes, Lysdahl, Per, Daisy Ramsøe, Abigail, Skorobogatov, Andrei, Schork, Andrew Joseph, Rosengren, Anders, Ruter, Anthony, Outram, Alan, Timoshenko, Aleksey, Buzhilova, Alexandra, Coppa, Alfredo, Zubova, Alisa, Silva, Ana Maria, Hansen, Anders, Gromov, Andrey, Logvin, Andrey, Gotfredsen, Anne Birgitte, Nielsen, Bjarne Henning, González-Rabanal, Borja, Lalueza-Fox, Carles, McKenzie, Catriona, Gaunitz, Charleen, Blasco, Concepción, Liesau, Corina, Martinez-Labarga, Cristina, Pozdnyakov, Dmitri, Cuenca-Solana, David, Lordkipanidze, David, En’shin, Dmitri, Salazar-García, Domingo, Price, T. Douglas, Borić, Dušan, Kostyleva, Elena, Veselovskaya, Elizaveta, Usmanova, Emma, Cappellini, Enrico, Petersen, Erik Brinch, Kannegaard, Esben, Radina, Francesca, Yediay, Fulya Eylem, Duday, Henri, Gutiérrez-Zugasti, Igor, Potekhina, Inna, Shevnina, Irina, Altinkaya, Isin, Guilaine, Jean, Hansen, Jesper, Tortosa, Joan Emili Aura, Zilhão, João, Vega, Jorge, Pedersen, Kristoffer Buck, Tunia, Krzysztof, Zhao, Lei, Mylnikova, Liudmila, Larsson, Lars, Metz, Laure, Yepiskoposyan, Levon, Pedersen, Lisbeth, Sarti, Lucia, Orlando, Ludovic, Slimak, Ludovic, Klassen, Lutz, Blank, Malou, González-Morales, Manuel, Silvestrini, Mara, Vretemark, Maria, Nesterova, Marina, Rykun, Marina, Rolfo, Mario Federico, Szmyt, Marzena, Przybyła, Marcin, Calattini, Mauro, Sablin, Mikhail, Dobisíková, Miluše, Meldgaard, Morten, Johansen, Morten, Berezina, Natalia, Card, Nick, Saveliev, Nikolai, Poshekhonova, Olga, Rickards, Olga, Lozovskaya, Olga, Gábor, Olivér, Uldum, Otto Christian, Aurino, Paola, Kosintsev, Pavel, Courtaud, Patrice, Ríos, Patricia, Mortensen, Peder, Lotz, Per, Persson, Per, Bangsgaard, Pernille, Damgaard, Peter de Barros, Petersen, Peter Vang, Martinez, Pilar Prieto, Włodarczak, Piotr, Smolyaninov, Roman, Maring, Rikke, Menduiña, Roberto, Badalyan, Ruben, Turin, Ruslan, Vasilyiev, Sergey, Wåhlin, Sidsel, Borutskaya, Svetlana, Skochina, Svetlana, Sørensen, Søren Anker, Andersen, Søren, Jørgensen, Thomas, Serikov, Yuri, Molodin, Vyacheslav, Smrcka, Vaclav, Merz, Victor, Appadurai, Vivek, Moiseyev, Vyacheslav, Magnusson, Yvonne, Kjær, Kurt, Lynnerup, Niels, Lawson, Daniel, Sudmant, Peter, Rasmussen, Simon, Korneliussen, Thorfinn, Durbin, Richard, Nielsen, Rasmus, Delaneau, Olivier, Werge, Thomas, Racimo, Fernando, Kristiansen, Kristian, Willerslev, Eske, Allentoft, Morten, Sikora, Martin, Alba, Refoyo-Martínez, Evan K. Irving-Pease, Fischer, Anders, Barrie, William, Ingason, Andrés, Stenderup, Jesper, Sjögren, Karl-Göran, Pearson, Alice, Sousa da Mota, Bárbara, Schulz Paulsson, Bettina, Halgren, Alma, Macleod, Ruairidh, Schjellerup Jørkov, Marie Louise, Demeter, Fabrice, Novosolov, Maria, Sørensen, Lasse, Nielsen, Poul Otto, Henriksen, Rasmus H.A., Vimala, Tharsika, McColl, Hugh, Margaryan, Ashot, Ilardo, Melissa, Vaughn, Andrew, Mortensen, Morten Fischer, Nielsen, Anne Birgitte, Hede, Mikkel Ulfeldt, Rasmussen, Peter, Vinner, Lasse, Renaud, Gabriel, Stern, Aaron, Theis Zetner Trolle Jensen, Johannsen, Niels Nørkjær, Scorrano, Gabriele, Schroeder, Hannes, Lysdahl, Per, Daisy Ramsøe, Abigail, Skorobogatov, Andrei, Schork, Andrew Joseph, Rosengren, Anders, Ruter, Anthony, Outram, Alan, Timoshenko, Aleksey, Buzhilova, Alexandra, Coppa, Alfredo, Zubova, Alisa, Silva, Ana Maria, Hansen, Anders, Gromov, Andrey, Logvin, Andrey, Gotfredsen, Anne Birgitte, Nielsen, Bjarne Henning, González-Rabanal, Borja, Lalueza-Fox, Carles, McKenzie, Catriona, Gaunitz, Charleen, Blasco, Concepción, Liesau, Corina, Martinez-Labarga, Cristina, Pozdnyakov, Dmitri, Cuenca-Solana, David, Lordkipanidze, David, En’shin, Dmitri, Salazar-García, Domingo, Price, T. Douglas, Borić, Dušan, Kostyleva, Elena, Veselovskaya, Elizaveta, Usmanova, Emma, Cappellini, Enrico, Petersen, Erik Brinch, Kannegaard, Esben, Radina, Francesca, Yediay, Fulya Eylem, Duday, Henri, Gutiérrez-Zugasti, Igor, Potekhina, Inna, Shevnina, Irina, Altinkaya, Isin, Guilaine, Jean, Hansen, Jesper, Tortosa, Joan Emili Aura, Zilhão, João, Vega, Jorge, Pedersen, Kristoffer Buck, Tunia, Krzysztof, Zhao, Lei, Mylnikova, Liudmila, Larsson, Lars, Metz, Laure, Yepiskoposyan, Levon, Pedersen, Lisbeth, Sarti, Lucia, Orlando, Ludovic, Slimak, Ludovic, Klassen, Lutz, Blank, Malou, González-Morales, Manuel, Silvestrini, Mara, Vretemark, Maria, Nesterova, Marina, Rykun, Marina, Rolfo, Mario Federico, Szmyt, Marzena, Przybyła, Marcin, Calattini, Mauro, Sablin, Mikhail, Dobisíková, Miluše, Meldgaard, Morten, Johansen, Morten, Berezina, Natalia, Card, Nick, Saveliev, Nikolai, Poshekhonova, Olga, Rickards, Olga, Lozovskaya, Olga, Gábor, Olivér, Uldum, Otto Christian, Aurino, Paola, Kosintsev, Pavel, Courtaud, Patrice, Ríos, Patricia, Mortensen, Peder, Lotz, Per, Persson, Per, Bangsgaard, Pernille, Damgaard, Peter de Barros, Petersen, Peter Vang, Martinez, Pilar Prieto, Włodarczak, Piotr, Smolyaninov, Roman, Maring, Rikke, Menduiña, Roberto, Badalyan, Ruben, Turin, Ruslan, Vasilyiev, Sergey, Wåhlin, Sidsel, Borutskaya, Svetlana, Skochina, Svetlana, Sørensen, Søren Anker, Andersen, Søren, Jørgensen, Thomas, Serikov, Yuri, Molodin, Vyacheslav, Smrcka, Vaclav, Merz, Victor, Appadurai, Vivek, Moiseyev, Vyacheslav, Magnusson, Yvonne, Kjær, Kurt, Lynnerup, Niels, Lawson, Daniel, Sudmant, Peter, Rasmussen, Simon, Korneliussen, Thorfinn, Durbin, Richard, Nielsen, Rasmus, Delaneau, Olivier, Werge, Thomas, Racimo, Fernando, Kristiansen, Kristian, and Willerslev, Eske

Abstract

Several major migrations and population turnover events during the later Stone Age (after c. 11,000 cal. BP) are believed to have shaped the contemporary population genetic diversity in Eurasia. While the genetic impacts of these migrations have been investigated on regional scales, a detailed understanding of their spatiotemporal dynamics both within and between major geographic regions across Northern Eurasia remains largely elusive. Here, we present the largest shotgun-sequenced genomic dataset from the Stone Age to date, representing 317 primarily Mesolithic and Neolithic individuals from across Eurasia, with associated radiocarbon dates, stable isotope data, and pollen records. Using recent advances, we imputed >1,600 ancient genomes to obtain accurate diploid genotypes, enabling previously unachievable fine-grained population structure inferences. We show that 1) Eurasian Mesolitic hunter-gatherers were more genetically diverse than previously known, and deeply divergent between the west and the east; 2) Hitherto genetically undescribed huntergatherers from the Middle Don region contributed significant ancestry to the later Yamnaya steppe pastoralists; 3) The genetic impact of the transition from Mesolithic hunter-gatherers to Neolithic farmers was highly distinct, east and west of a “Great Divide” boundary zone extending from the Black Sea to the Baltic, with large-scale shifts in genetic ancestry to the west. This include an almost complete replacement of hunter-gatherers in Denmark, but no substantial shifts during the same period further to the east; 4) Within-group relatedness changes substantially during the Neolithic transition in the west, where clusters of Neolithic farmer-associated individuals show overall reduced relatedness, while genetic relatedness remains high until ~4,000 BP in the east, consistent with a much longer persistence of smaller localised hunter-gatherer groups; 5) A fastpaced second major genetic transformation beginning around 5,0

Published
2022

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results