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Hesperidin is a prominent flavanone found in citrus fruits that has a broad range of biological effects, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capabilities. The study's objective was to evaluate the effects of hesperidin supplementation on anti-inflammatory and antioxidant parameters such as MDA, TAC, GSH, SOD, and CAT; CRP, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-4 levels respectively, by analyzing human intervention trials. Google Scholar, PubMed, grey literature databases, and the ClinicalTrials website were scanned to identify eligible studies. For the meta-analysis, eighteen studies were chosen. Hesperidin supplementation had significant lowering effect on not only CRP, IL-6, and IL-4 levels but also MDA level (Meta-regression analysis revealed a non-significant direct relationship between hesperidin dosage and chance in CRP, IL-6, and MDA levels. As a result, it can be said that hesperidin supplementation contributes to the inflammatory and antioxidant response, but this contribution is independent of dosage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taurine is a well-known free amino acid that has gained prominence in recent years despite its little or no role in protein formation. Few studies on the ergogenic effect of taurine exist with inconsistent results. This study aimed to reach a consensus about whether taurine supplementation is effective on aerobic and anaerobic performance outputs. Google Scholar, Pubmed databases, clinical trial websites, and grey literature were reviewed until November 2021. Mean differences were pooled using random or fixed-effects models according to the heterogeneity degree of related outcomes. Although 17 studies were detected for the meta-analysis between 2001-2021, 15 studies were grouped. Only randomized controlled trials were considered. Taurine supplementation had a significant effect on vertical (MD = 3.60; 95% CI [2.32 to 4.89], p < 0.00001) and countermovement (MD = 8.50; 95% CI [4.78 to 12.22], p < 0.00001) jump performance when compared to a placebo group. Taurine supplementation had no significant effect on V̇ o 2max level and rate of perceived exertion (respectively, MD = –0.54 mL/kg/min; 95% CI [–6.84 to 5.75], p = 0.87; MD = –0.24; 95% CI [–0.74 to 0.27], p = 0.35) when compared to a placebo group. Taurine improves potentially jumping performance and time to exhaustion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural herbal products are widely used by athletes to reduce the immune suppression caused by intensive exercise. This study aimed to determine the effects of the essential oils Origanum dubium, Origanum vulgare subsp hirtum , and Lavandula angustifolia , which belong to the Lamiaceae family, on immune cells in athletes. Thirty-four trained men (age: , height: , body mass:) were randomly assigned to one of three experimental groups or the control group. Leukocytes and their subgroups were measured before and after a 14-day essential oil intervention and following an intensive exercise session. The main findings indicated that essential oils isolated from O. dubium (; ; ; increase), O. vulgare subsp hirtum (; ; ; increase), and L. angustifolia (; ; ; increase) increased lymphocyte counts, thus maintaining baseline levels despite decreased post-exercise lymphocyte counts. Additionally, the post-exercise lymphocyte count was lower than that after the intervention (;) but higher than at baseline (;) in the O. vulgare subsp hirtum group. The lower post-exercise lymphocyte counts of the control group compared with those after the 14-day period (;) and baseline (;) supported the experimental group results. However, our findings revealed that essential oil interventions had no significant effect on neutrophil counts, but the intensive exercise intervention increased the neutrophil counts in all groups. No significant change was identified in the other subgroup counts following the essential oil intervention or post exercise. Therefore, the results of this study indicate that these plants, especially O. vulgare subsp hirtum , can be used to alleviate the immune suppressive effects of intense exercise in athletes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Taekwondo is a complex martial art that requires speed, balance, agility, and endurance. This study aims to examine the effects of nitrate and L-arginine supplementation on acute aerobic and anaerobic performance, balance, agility, and recovery in elite taekwondo athletes., Method: This study was conducted as a double-blind, randomized, crossover study with the participation of 15 experienced taekwondo athletes aged 19.06 ± 0.96 years and 8.93 ± 1.27 years of training experience. Participants visited the laboratory a total of nine times, including a practice session and anthropometric measurements. These visits consisted of eight experimental sessions conducted at 72-hour intervals. The experimental sessions were conducted with nitrate, L-arginine, and a combination of both supplements (NIT*L-ARG) and placebo. Nitrate supplementation was provided by homogenizing fresh spinach (837.40 mg/kg), while L-ARG was given as a single dose of 6 g in powder form three hours before exercise., Results: NIT*L-ARG supplementation significantly improved the anaerobic performance of athletes in Wingate peak power and peak power (w/kg) compared to placebo and in mean power compared to NIT, L-ARG, and PLA. In addition, NIT*L-ARG supplementation significantly improved blood lactate levels and agility performance immediately after Wingate and Shuttle run tests., Conclusion: The combined intake of NIT*L-ARG was found to be effective in improving aerobic, anaerobic, and agility performances as well as fatigue levels of athletes. It was determined that taking NIT and L-ARG supplements alone contributed to the improvement of improving athletes' performance in Wingate mean power values and subsequent fatigue level compared to PLA.