23 results on '"Buzón, Maria José"'
Search Results
2. Mitochondrial dysfunction, lipids metabolism, and amino acid biosynthesis are key pathways for COVID-19 recovery
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Sánchez, Alba, García-Pardo, Graciano, Gómez-Bertomeu, Fréderic, López-Dupla, Miguel, Foguet-Romero, Elisabet, Buzón, Maria José, Almirante, Benito, Olona, Montserrat, Fernández-Veledo, Sonia, Vidal, Francesc, Chafino, Silvia, Rull, Anna, and Peraire, Joaquim
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- 2023
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3. Circulating pyruvate is a potent prognostic marker for critical COVID-19 outcomes
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Ceperuelo-Mallafré, Victòria, primary, Reverté, Laia, additional, Peraire, Joaquim, additional, Madeira, Ana, additional, Maymó-Masip, Elsa, additional, López-Dupla, Miguel, additional, Gutierrez-Valencia, Alicia, additional, Ruiz-Mateos, Ezequiel, additional, Buzón, Maria José, additional, Jorba, Rosa, additional, Vendrell, Joan, additional, Auguet, Teresa, additional, Olona, Montserrat, additional, Vidal, Francesc, additional, Rull, Anna, additional, and Fernández-Veledo, Sonia, additional
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- 2022
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4. Contribution of Immunological and Virological Factors to Extremely Severe Primary HIV Type 1 Infection
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Dalmau, Judith, Puertas, Maria Carmen, Azuara, Marta, Mariño, Ana, Frahm, Nicole, Mothe, Beatriz, Izquierdo-Useros, Nuria, Buzón, Maria José, Paredes, Roger, Matas, Lourdes, Allen, Todd M., Brander, Christian, Rodrigo, Carlos, Clotet, Bonaventura, and Martinez-Picado, Javier
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- 2009
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5. Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 entry, inflammation and new therapeutics in human lung tissue cells
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Grau-Expósito, Judith, Perea, David, Suppi, Marina, Massana, Núria, Vergara, Ander, Soler, Maria José, Trinité, Benjamin, Blanco, Julià, García-Pérez, Javier, Alcamí, José, Serrano-Mollar, Anna, Rosado Rodríguez, Joel, Falcó, Vicenç, Genescà Ferrer, Meritxell, Buzón, Maria José, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Grau-Expósito, Judith, Perea, David, Suppi, Marina, Massana, Núria, Vergara, Ander, Soler, Maria José, Trinité, Benjamin, Blanco, Julià, García-Pérez, Javier, Alcamí, José, Serrano-Mollar, Anna, Rosado Rodríguez, Joel, Falcó, Vicenç, Genescà Ferrer, Meritxell, Buzón, Maria José, and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
- Abstract
The development of physiological models that reproduce SARS-CoV-2 infection in primary human cells will be instrumental to identify host-pathogen interactions and potential therapeutics. Here, using cell suspensions directly from primary human lung tissues (HLT), we have developed a rapid platform for the identification of viral targets and the expression of viral entry factors, as well as for the screening of viral entry inhibitors and anti-inflammatory compounds. The direct use of HLT cells, without long-term cell culture and in vitro differentiation approaches, preserves main immune and structural cell populations, including the most susceptible cell targets for SARS-CoV-2; alveolar type II (AT-II) cells, while maintaining the expression of proteins involved in viral infection, such as ACE2, TMPRSS2, CD147 and AXL. Further, antiviral testing of 39 drug candidates reveals a highly reproducible method, suitable for different SARS-CoV-2 variants, and provides the identification of new compounds missed by conventional systems, such as VeroE6. Using this method, we also show that interferons do not modulate ACE2 expression, and that stimulation of local inflammatory responses can be modulated by different compounds with antiviral activity. Overall, we present a relevant and rapid method for the study of SARS-CoV-2. The early stages of laboratory identification of therapeutics against pathogens is usually based on the use of immortalized cell lines, as exemplified by many studies screening antivirals against SARS-CoV-2. Cell lines are manipulated for their continuous growth which offers several advantages, however they do not fully reproduce the behavior of primary cells nor the complexity of heterogeneous populations. In this study, we overcome this limitation by using surgical resections to establish human lung tissue (HLT) cell cultures ready for drug evaluation. First, we show that HLT preserves lung cell composition, including the main SARS-CoV-2 cellular target
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- 2022
6. Dynamic escape of pre-existing raltegravir-resistant HIV-1 from raltegravir selection pressure
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Codoñer, Francisco M., Pou, Christian, Thielen, Alexander, García, Federico, Delgado, Rafael, Dalmau, David, Santos, José Ramon, Buzón, Maria José, Martínez-Picado, Javier, Álvarez-Tejado, Miguel, Clotet, Bonaventura, Ruiz, Lidia, and Paredes, Roger
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- 2010
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7. Atlas of the HIV-1 Reservoir in Peripheral CD4 T Cells of Individuals on Successful Antiretroviral Therapy
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Gálvez, Cristina, primary, Grau-Expósito, Judith, additional, Urrea, Victor, additional, Clotet, Bonaventura, additional, Falcó, Vicenç, additional, Buzón, Maria José, additional, and Martinez-Picado, Javier, additional
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- 2021
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8. Treatment with integrase inhibitors alters SARS‐CoV‐2 neutralization levels measured with HIV‐based pseudotypes in people living with HIV.
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De La Torre‐Tarazona, Erick, González‐Robles, Alba, Cascajero, Almudena, Jiménez, Paloma, Miró, José María, Sánchez‐Palomino, Sonsoles, Alcamí, José, Buzón, Maria José, and García‐Pérez, Javier
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INTEGRASE inhibitors ,SARS-CoV-2 ,HIV-positive persons - Abstract
The presence of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) is a major correlate of protection for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection. Thus, different in vitro pseudoviruses‐based assays have been described to detect NAbs against SARS‐CoV‐2. However, the determination of NAbs against SARS‐CoV‐2 in people living with HIV (PLWH) through HIV‐based pseudoparticles could be influenced by cross‐neutralization activity or treatment, impeding accurate titration of NAbs. Two assays were compared using replication‐defective HIV or VSV‐based particles pseudotyped with SARS‐CoV‐2 spike to measure NAbs in COVID‐19‐recovered and COVID‐19‐naïve PLWH. The assay based on HIV‐pseudoparticles displayed neutralization activity in all COVID‐19‐recovered PLWH with a median neutralizing titer 50 (NT50) of 1417.0 (interquartile range [IQR]: 450.3−3284.0), but also in 67% of COVID‐19‐naïve PLWH (NT50: 631.5, IQR: 16.0−1535.0). Regarding VSV‐pseudoparticles system, no neutralization was observed in COVID‐19‐naïve PLWH as expected, whereas in comparison with HIV‐pseudoparticles assay lower neutralization titers were measured in 75% COVID‐19‐recovered PLWH (NT50: 100.5; IQR: 20.5−1353.0). Treatment with integrase inhibitors was associated with inaccurate increase in neutralization titers when HIV‐based pseudoparticles were used. IgG purification and consequent elimination of drugs from samples avoided the interference with retroviral cycle and corrected the lack of specificity observed in HIV‐pseudotyped assay. This study shows methodological alternatives based on pseudoviruses systems to determine specific SARS‐CoV‐2 neutralization titers in PLWH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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9. Peripheral and lung resident memory T cell responses against SARS-CoV-2
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Grau Expósito, Judith, Sánchez-Gaona, Nerea, Massana, Núria, Suppi, Marina, Astorga-Gamaza, Antonio, Perea, David, Rosado Rodríguez, Joel, Falcó, Anna, Kirkegaard, Cristina, Torrella Domingo, Adriana, Planas, Bibiana, Navarro, Jordi, Suanzes, Paula, Álvarez-Sierra, Daniel, Ayora, Alfonso, Sansano, Irene, Esperalba, Juliana, Andrés, Cristina, Antón, Andrés, Ramón y Cajal, Santiago, Almirante Gragera, Benito, Pujol-Borrell, Ricardo, Falcó, Vicenç, Burgos, Joaquín, Buzón, Maria José, Genescà Ferrer, Meritxell, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Institut Català de la Salut, [Grau-Expósito J, Sánchez-Gaona N, Massana N, Suppi M, Astorga-Gamaza A, Perea D, Falcó A, Kirkegaard C, Torrella A, Planas B, Navarro J, Suanzes P, Almirante B, Falcó V, Burgos J, Buzón MJ, Genescà M] Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain. Servei de Malalties Infeccioses, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain. [Rosado J] Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain. Servei de Cirurgia Toràcica i Trasplantament Pulmonar, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain. [Álvarez-Sierra D] Grup d'Immunologia Diagnòstica, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain. Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain. [Ayora A] Unitat de Prevenció de Riscos Laborals, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain. [Sansano I, Ramón Y Cajal S] Servei de Patologia, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain. Departament de Ciències morfològiques, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain. [Esperalba J, Andrés C, Antón A] Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain. Unitat de Virus Respiratoris, Servei de Microbiologia, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain. [Pujol-Borrell R] Grup d'Immunologia Diagnòstica, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain. Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain. FOCIS Center of Excellence, Barcelona, Spain. Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain, and Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus
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0301 basic medicine ,CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ,viruses ,T-Lymphocytes ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Apoptosis ,CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cell Movement ,virosis::infecciones por virus ARN::infecciones por Nidovirales::infecciones por Coronaviridae::infecciones por Coronavirus [ENFERMEDADES] ,Cells::Blood Cells::Leukocytes::Leukocytes, Mononuclear::Lymphocytes::T-Lymphocytes [ANATOMY] ,Interferon gamma ,Otros calificadores::Otros calificadores::/inmunología [Otros calificadores] ,Lung ,Multidisciplinary ,Degranulation ,Virus Diseases::RNA Virus Infections::Nidovirales Infections::Coronaviridae Infections::Coronavirus Infections [DISEASES] ,respiratory system ,Cellular immunity ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Cytokines ,Mucosal immunology ,Infectious diseases ,células::células sanguíneas::leucocitos::leucocitos mononucleares::linfocitos::linfocitos T [ANATOMÍA] ,medicine.drug ,COVID-19 (Malaltia) - Immunologia ,Science ,T cell ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,Interferon-gamma ,Other subheadings::Other subheadings::/immunology [Other subheadings] ,sistema respiratorio::pulmón [ANATOMÍA] ,Parenchyma ,medicine ,Humans ,Interleukin 4 ,Cèl·lules T - Immunologia ,business.industry ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Pulmons - Immunologia ,COVID-19 ,General Chemistry ,Respiratory System::Lung [ANATOMY] ,respiratory tract diseases ,030104 developmental biology ,Viral infection ,Immunology ,Interleukin-4 ,business ,Memory T cell ,Immunologic Memory ,Respiratory tract - Abstract
Resident memory T cells (TRM) positioned within the respiratory tract are probably required to limit SARS-CoV-2 spread and COVID-19. Importantly, TRM are mostly non-recirculating, which reduces the window of opportunity to examine these cells in the blood as they move to the lung parenchyma. Here, we identify circulating virus-specific T cell responses during acute infection with functional, migratory and apoptotic patterns modulated by viral proteins and associated with clinical outcome. Disease severity is associated predominantly with IFNγ and IL-4 responses, increased responses against S peptides and apoptosis, whereas non-hospitalized patients have increased IL-12p70 levels, degranulation in response to N peptides and SARS-CoV-2-specific CCR7+ T cells secreting IL-10. In convalescent patients, lung-TRM are frequently detected even 10 months after initial infection, in which contemporaneous blood does not reflect tissue-resident profiles. Our study highlights a balanced anti-inflammatory antiviral response associated with a better outcome and persisting TRM cells as important for future protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection., Lung resident memory T (TRM) cells are important for protection from viral infection in the lungs. Here the authors use paired lung biopsy material and blood to characterize T cell responses in patients with COVID-19 over time and find persistence of antiviral lung TRM cells that might be important to limit reinfection.
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- 2021
10. Fracaso de los Agentes Reversores de la Latencia Viral en Reducir los Reservorios del VIH
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Buzón, Maria José, primary
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- 2020
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11. The HIV-1 integrase genotype strongly predicts raltegravir susceptibility but not viral fitness of primary virus isolates
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Buzón, Maria José, Dalmau, Judith, Puertas, Maria Carmen, Puig, Jordi, Clotet, Bonaventura, and Martinez-Picado, Javier
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- 2010
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12. Resident memory T cells are a cellular reservoir for HIV in the cervical mucosa
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Cantero, Jon, Grau-Expósito, Judith, Serra-Peinado, Carla, Rosero, D. A., Luque-Ballesteros, Laura, Astorga-Gamaza, Antonio, Castellvi, Josep., Sanhueza, T., Tapia Melendo, Gustavo, Lloveras, B., Fernández, Marco A., Prado, Julia G., Solé-Sedeno, J. M., Tarrats, A., Lecumberri, Carla, Mañalich-Barrachina, L., Centeno-Mediavilla, C., Falcó, Vicenç, Buzón, Maria José, Genescà Ferrer, Meritxell., Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, [Cantero-Pérez J, Grau-Expósito J, Serra-Peinado C, Rosero DA, Luque-Ballesteros L, Astorga-Gamaza A, Falcó V, Buzon MJ, Genescà M] Servei de Malalties Infeccioses, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain. Grup de Recerca en Malalties Infeccioses, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. [Castellví J] Servei d’Anatomia Patològica, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. [Mañalich-Barrachina L, Centeno-Mediavilla C] Servei de Ginecologia i Obstetrícia, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, and Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus
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CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ,0301 basic medicine ,CD32 ,Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ,Urogenital System::Genitalia::Genitalia, Female::Uterus::Cervix Uteri [ANATOMY] ,General Physics and Astronomy ,HIV Infections ,Cervix Uteri ,medicine.disease_cause ,Pathogenesis ,0302 clinical medicine ,Coll uterí ,sistema urogenital::genitales::genitales femeninos::útero::cuello del útero [ANATOMÍA] ,Dna viral ,lcsh:Science ,Multidisciplinary ,biology ,virus diseases ,Middle Aged ,Viral Load ,Phenotype ,3. Good health ,Cèl·lules T ,Anti-Retroviral Agents ,Female ,HIV infections ,Adult ,Female circumcision ,Science ,Article ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Viral reservoirs ,03 medical and health sciences ,enfermedades del sistema inmune::síndromes de inmunodeficiencia::infecciones por VIH [ENFERMEDADES] ,VIH (Virus) ,medicine ,Humans ,Mucosa cervical ,Aged ,Disease Reservoirs ,Hemic and Immune Systems::Hemic and Immune Systems::Immune System::Leukocytes::Leukocytes, Mononuclear::Lymphocytes::T-Lymphocytes::CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes [ANATOMY] ,Mucous Membrane ,Cluster of differentiation ,RNA ,General Chemistry ,Virology ,Immune System Diseases::Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes::HIV Infections [DISEASES] ,sistemas sanguíneo e inmunológico::sistemas sanguíneo e inmunológico::sistema inmunológico::leucocitos::leucocitos mononucleares::linfocitos::linfocitos T::linfocitos T CD4-positivos [ANATOMÍA] ,030104 developmental biology ,HIV-1 ,biology.protein ,Infeccions per VIH ,lcsh:Q ,Immunologic Memory ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
HIV viral reservoirs are established very early during infection. Resident memory T cells (TRM) are present in tissues such as the lower female genital tract, but the contribution of this subset of cells to the pathogenesis and persistence of HIV remains unclear. Here, we show that cervical CD4+TRM display a unique repertoire of clusters of differentiation, with enrichment of several molecules associated with HIV infection susceptibility, longevity and self-renewing capacities. These protein profiles are enriched in a fraction of CD4+TRM expressing CD32. Cervical explant models show that CD4+TRM preferentially support HIV infection and harbor more viral DNA and protein than non-TRM. Importantly, cervical tissue from ART-suppressed HIV+ women contain high levels of viral DNA and RNA, being the TRM fraction the principal contributor. These results recognize the lower female genital tract as an HIV sanctuary and identify CD4+TRM as primary targets of HIV infection and viral persistence. Thus, strategies towards an HIV cure will need to consider TRM phenotypes, which are widely distributed in tissues., Using cervical explant models and cervical tissue from ART-suppressed HIV+ women, the authors here show that resident memory T cells (TRM) in the cervical mucosa are preferentially infected and harbor more viral DNA, RNA and protein than non-TRM, suggesting that TRM may serve as viral reservoir in the cervical mucosa.
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- 2019
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13. Fetuin‐A, inter‐α‐trypsin inhibitor, glutamic acid and ChoE (18:0) are key biomarkers in a panel distinguishing mild from critical coronavirus disease 2019 outcomes.
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Reverté, Laia, Yeregui, Elena, Olona, Montserrat, Gutiérrez‐Valencia, Alicia, Buzón, Maria José, Martí, Anna, Gómez‐Bertomeu, Frederic, Auguet, Teresa, López‐Cortés, Luis F., Burgos, Joaquin, Benavent‐Bofill, Clara, Boqué, Carme, García‐Pardo, Graciano, Ruiz‐Mateos, Ezequiel, Mestre, Maria Teresa, Vidal, Francesc, Viladés, Consuelo, Peraire, Joaquim, and Rull, Anna
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COVID-19 ,GLUTAMIC acid ,SARS-CoV-2 ,CHOLESTERYL ester transfer protein ,AMINO acid metabolism ,TRYPSIN - Abstract
Fetuin-A, inter- -trypsin inhibitor, glutamic acid and ChoE (18:0) are key biomarkers in a panel distinguishing mild from critical coronavirus disease 2019 outcomes (B) Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves analysis for the predictive power of top selected protein-encoding genes, lipids and metabolites in random forest analysis to differentiate patients with mild from those with a critical illness. Our COVID-19 study cohort included 273 SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals recruited during the first wave (March-April 2020) in three different hospitals and grouped by the disease severity following the medical inclusion criteria3 in mild, severe or critical (Figure 1A), from whom demographic, preexisting clinical conditions and COVID-19 treatments are summarized in Table S1. Dear Editor, The mechanistic pathways leading to immune dysregulation and complications driven by uncontrolled severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection remain major challenges.1,2 Hence, a detailed analysis of the proteome, metabolome and lipidome profile of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients showing different severity grades might shed light on the disease pathophysiology and unveil new predictive biomarkers to promptly ascertain patient's outcomes. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2022
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14. Expression of CD20 after viral reactivation renders HIV-reservoir cells susceptible to Rituximab
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Serra-Peinado, Carla, Grau-Expósito, Judith, Luque-Ballesteros, Laura, Astorga-Gamaza, Antonio, Navarro, Jordi, Gallego-Rodriguez, Jenny, Martín Castillo, Mario, Curran, Adrian, Burgos, Joaquín, Ribera, Esteban, Raventós, Berta, Willekens, Rein, Torrella Domingo, Adriana, Planas, Bibiana, Badía, Rosa, García, Felipe, Castellvi, Josep, Genescà Ferrer, Meritxell, Falcó, Vicenç, Buzón, Maria José, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, [Serra-Peinado C, Grau-Expósito J, Luque-Ballesteros L, Astorga-Gamaza A, Navarro J, Gallego-Rodriguez J, Martin M, Curran A, Burgos J, Ribera E, Raventós B, Willekens R, Torrella A, Planas B, Badía R, Genescà M, Falcó V, Buzon MJ] Servei de Malalties Infeccioses, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain. Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR). Barcelona, Spain. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. [Castellví J] Servei de Patologia, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron. Barcelona, Spain. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, and Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus
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0301 basic medicine ,CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ,General Physics and Astronomy ,HIV Infections ,02 engineering and technology ,Lymphocyte Activation ,hemic and lymphatic diseases ,Virus latency ,lcsh:Science ,Lymph node ,CD20 ,Multidisciplinary ,biology ,Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins::Proteins::Blood Proteins::Immunoproteins::Immunoglobulins::Antibodies::Antibodies, Monoclonal::Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived::Rituximab [CHEMICALS AND DRUGS] ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Flow Cytometry ,3. Good health ,Virus Latency ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Cell killing ,Cèl·lules T ,RNA, Viral ,Rituximab ,0210 nano-technology ,Cell activation ,Infection ,medicine.drug ,Anti-HIV Agents ,Science ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,Viral reservoirs ,Antigen ,enfermedades del sistema inmune::síndromes de inmunodeficiencia::infecciones por VIH [ENFERMEDADES] ,medicine ,Humans ,Immunologic Factors ,Hemic and Immune Systems::Hemic and Immune Systems::Immune System::Leukocytes::Leukocytes, Mononuclear::Lymphocytes::T-Lymphocytes::CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes [ANATOMY] ,General Chemistry ,Translational research ,medicine.disease ,Antigens, CD20 ,Immune System Diseases::Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes::HIV Infections [DISEASES] ,sistemas sanguíneo e inmunológico::sistemas sanguíneo e inmunológico::sistema inmunológico::leucocitos::leucocitos mononucleares::linfocitos::linfocitos T::linfocitos T CD4-positivos [ANATOMÍA] ,030104 developmental biology ,aminoácidos, péptidos y proteínas::proteínas::proteínas sanguíneas::inmunoproteínas::inmunoglobulinas::anticuerpos::anticuerpos monoclonales::anticuerpos monoclonales de origen murino::rituximab [COMPUESTOS QUÍMICOS Y DROGAS] ,Immunology ,biology.protein ,HIV-1 ,Leukocytes, Mononuclear ,lcsh:Q ,Infeccions per VIH ,Virus Activation ,Lymph Nodes ,Immunologic Memory ,Ex vivo - Abstract
The identification of exclusive markers to target HIV-reservoir cells will represent a significant advance in the search for therapies to cure HIV. Here, we identify the B lymphocyte antigen CD20 as a marker for HIV-infected cells in vitro and in vivo. The CD20 molecule is dimly expressed in a subpopulation of CD4-positive (CD4+) T lymphocytes from blood, with high levels of cell activation and heterogeneous memory phenotypes. In lymph node samples from infected patients, CD20 is present in productively HIV-infected cells, and ex vivo viral infection selectively upregulates the expression of CD20 during early infection. In samples from patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) this subpopulation is significantly enriched in HIV transcripts, and the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody Rituximab induces cell killing, which reduces the pool of HIV-expressing cells when combined with latency reversal agents. We provide a tool for targeting this active HIV-reservoir after viral reactivation in patients while on ART., Here, the authors identify B lymphocyte antigen CD20 as a marker for HIV-infected T cells and provide evidence for the potential use of anti-CD20 antibodies in combination with latency reversing agents for depletion of viral reactivated CD4 T cells in patients on antiretroviral therapy.
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- 2018
15. A Novel Single-Cell FISH-Flow Assay Identifies Effector Memory CD4+ T cells as a Major Niche for HIV-1 Transcription in HIV-Infected Patients
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Grau-Expósito, Judith, Serra-Peinado, Carla, Miguel, Lucia, Navarro, Jordi, Curran, Adrian, Burgos, Joaquín, Ocaña, Imma, Ribera, Esteban, Torrella Domingo, Adriana, Planas, Bibiana, Badía, Rosa, Castellvi, Josep, Falcó, Vicenç, Crespo Casal, Manuel, Buzón, Maria José, and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
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Adult ,CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ,0301 basic medicine ,Transcription, Genetic ,T cell ,Viral pathogenesis ,viral reactivation ,HIV Infections ,Biology ,Microbiology ,Virus ,viral persistence ,03 medical and health sciences ,Viral reservoirs ,0302 clinical medicine ,Immune system ,Transcription (biology) ,Virology ,Virus latency ,medicine ,Humans ,In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ,human immunodeficiency virus ,Human immunodeficiency virus ,Receptors, IgG ,Middle Aged ,Viral Load ,Flow Cytometry ,medicine.disease ,viral reservoirs ,QR1-502 ,Virus Latency ,3. Good health ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Viral persistence ,Immunology ,HIV-1 ,Leukocytes, Mononuclear ,RNA, Viral ,Single-Cell Analysis ,Viral reactivation ,Immunologic Memory ,Viral load ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,CD8 ,Research Article - Abstract
Cells that actively transcribe HIV-1 have been defined as the “active viral reservoir” in HIV-infected individuals. However, important technical limitations have precluded the characterization of this specific viral reservoir during both treated and untreated HIV-1 infections. Here, we used a novel single-cell RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization-flow cytometry (FISH-flow) assay that requires only 15 million unfractionated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to characterize the specific cell subpopulations that transcribe HIV RNA in different subsets of CD4+ T cells. In samples from treated and untreated HIV-infected patients, effector memory CD4+ T cells were the main cell population supporting HIV RNA transcription. The number of cells expressing HIV correlated with the plasma viral load, intracellular HIV RNA, and proviral DNA quantified by conventional methods and inversely correlated with the CD4+ T cell count and the CD4/CD8 ratio. We also found that after ex vivo infection of unstimulated PBMCs, HIV-infected T cells upregulated the expression of CD32. In addition, this new methodology detected increased numbers of primary cells expressing viral transcripts and proteins after ex vivo viral reactivation with latency reversal agents. This RNA FISH-flow technique allows the identification of the specific cell subpopulations that support viral transcription in HIV-1-infected individuals and has the potential to provide important information on the mechanisms of viral pathogenesis, HIV persistence, and viral reactivation., IMPORTANCE Persons infected with HIV-1 contain several cellular viral reservoirs that preclude the complete eradication of the viral infection. Using a novel methodology, we identified effector memory CD4+ T cells, immune cells preferentially located in inflamed tissues with potent activity against pathogens, as the main cells encompassing the transcriptionally active HIV-1 reservoir in patients on antiretroviral therapy. Importantly, the identification of such cells provides us with an important target for new therapies designed to target the hidden virus and thus to eliminate the virus from the human body. In addition, because of its ability to identify cells forming part of the viral reservoir, the assay used in this study represents an important new tool in the field of HIV pathogenesis and viral persistence.
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- 2017
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16. Per què els tractaments antiretrovirals en pacients seropositius no permeten guarir la infecció definitivament?
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Buzón, Maria José
- Abstract
L'estudi demostra la presència de mínimes quantitats de virus que segueixen infectant noves cèl·lules en pacients seropositius malgrat els medicaments. Els resultats expliquen per què, quan s'interrompen els tractaments, sempre augmenta ràpidament el nivell de virus en sang, el que no permet guarir la infecció de manera definitiva. La troballa és un primer pas per reorientar el disseny de noves estratègies terapèutiques per eradicar el VIH. Els resultats resolen una llarga controvèrsia mèdica sobre la persistència d'una mínima activitat replicativa del VIH en alguns pacients sense quantitats aparents de virus en sang, i s'han publicat a la revista Nature Medicine. El estudio demuestra la presencia de mínimas cantidades de virus que siguen infectando nuevas células en pacientes seropositivos a pesar de los medicamentos. Los resultados explican por qué cuando se interrumpen los tratamientos siempre aumenta rápidamente el nivel de virus en sangre, lo que no permite curar la infección de manera definitiva. El hallazgo es un primer paso para reorientar el diseño de nuevas estrategias terapéuticas para erradicar el VIH. Los resultados resuelven una larga controversia médica sobre la persistencia de una mínima actividad replicativa del VIH en algunos pacientes sin cantidades aparentes de virus en sangre, y se han publicado en la revista Nature Medicine.
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- 2010
17. Combined Antiretroviral Therapy and Immune Pressure Lead to In Vivo HIV-1 Recombination With Ancestral Viral Genomes
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Buzón, Maria José, primary, Wrin, Terri, additional, Codoñer, Francisco M, additional, Dalmau, Judith, additional, Phung, Pham, additional, Bonjoch, Anna, additional, Coakley, Eoin, additional, Clotet, Bonaventura, additional, and Martinez-Picado, Javier, additional
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- 2011
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18. Raltegravir Susceptibility and Fitness Progression of HIV Type-1 Integrase in Patients on Long-Term Antiretroviral Therapy
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Buzón, Maria José, primary, Marfil, Silvia, additional, Puertas, Maria C, additional, Garcia, Elisabet, additional, Clotet, Bonaventura, additional, Ruiz, Lidia, additional, Blanco, Julià, additional, Martinez-Picado, Javier, additional, and Cabrera, Cecilia, additional
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- 2008
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19. Integrated and Total HIV-1 DNA Predict Ex Vivo Viral Outgrowth
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Kiselinova, Maja, De Spiegelaere, Ward, Buzon, Maria Jose, Malatinkova, Eva, Lichterfeld, Mathias, and Vandekerckhove, Linos
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Biology and Life Sciences ,Microbiology ,Medical Microbiology ,Microbial Pathogens ,Viral Pathogens ,Immunodeficiency Viruses ,HIV ,HIV-1 ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine ,Pathogens ,Organisms ,Viruses ,Biology and life sciences ,RNA viruses ,Retroviruses ,Lentivirus ,Molecular Biology ,Molecular Biology Techniques ,Artificial Gene Amplification and Extension ,Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Genetics ,DNA ,DNA replication ,Biochemistry ,Nucleic acids ,Virology ,Viral Replication ,Biological Cultures ,Cell Culture Analysis ,Outgrowth Assay ,Cell Biology ,Cellular Types ,Animal Cells ,Blood Cells ,White Blood Cells ,T Cells ,Immune Cells ,Immunology ,Viral Persistence and Latency - Abstract
The persistence of a reservoir of latently infected CD4 T cells remains one of the major obstacles to cure HIV. Numerous strategies are being explored to eliminate this reservoir. To translate these efforts into clinical trials, there is a strong need for validated biomarkers that can monitor the reservoir over time in vivo. A comprehensive study was designed to evaluate and compare potential HIV-1 reservoir biomarkers. A cohort of 25 patients, treated with suppressive antiretroviral therapy was sampled at three time points, with median of 2.5 years (IQR: 2.4–2.6) between time point 1 and 2; and median of 31 days (IQR: 28–36) between time point 2 and 3. Patients were median of 6 years (IQR: 3–12) on ART, and plasma viral load (<50 copies/ml) was suppressed for median of 4 years (IQR: 2–8). Total HIV-1 DNA, unspliced (us) and multiply spliced HIV-1 RNA, and 2LTR circles were quantified by digital PCR in peripheral blood, at 3 time points. At the second time point, a viral outgrowth assay (VOA) was performed, and integrated HIV-1 DNA and relative mRNA expression levels of HIV-1 restriction factors were quantified. No significant change was found for long- and short-term dynamics of all HIV-1 markers tested in peripheral blood. Integrated HIV-1 DNA was associated with total HIV-1 DNA (p<0.001, R² = 0.85), us HIV-1 RNA (p = 0.029, R² = 0.40), and VOA (p = 0.041, R2 = 0.44). Replication-competent virus was detected in 80% of patients by the VOA and it correlated with total HIV-1 DNA (p = 0.039, R² = 0.54). The mean quantification difference between Alu-PCR and VOA was 2.88 log10, and 2.23 log10 between total HIV-1 DNA and VOA. The levels of usHIV-1 RNA were inversely correlated with mRNA levels of several HIV-1 restriction factors (TRIM5α, SAMHD1, MX2, SLFN11, pSIP1). Our study reveals important correlations between the viral outgrowth and total and integrated HIV-1 DNA measures, suggesting that the total pool of HIV-1 DNA may predict the size of the replication-competent virus in ART suppressed patients.
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- 2016
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20. Potent Cell-Intrinsic Immune Responses in Dendritic Cells Facilitate HIV-1-Specific T Cell Immunity in HIV-1 Elite Controllers
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Martin-Gayo, Enrique, Buzon, Maria Jose, Ouyang, Zhengyu, Hickman, Taylor, Cronin, Jacqueline, Pimenova, Dina, Walker, Bruce D., Lichterfeld, Mathias, and Yu, Xu G.
- Abstract
The majority of HIV-1 elite controllers (EC) restrict HIV-1 replication through highly functional HIV-1-specific T cell responses, but mechanisms supporting the evolution of effective HIV-1-specific T cell immunity in these patients remain undefined. Cytosolic immune recognition of HIV-1 in conventional dendritic cells (cDC) can facilitate priming and expansion of HIV-1-specific T cells; however, HIV-1 seems to be able to avoid intracellular immune recognition in cDCs in most infected individuals. Here, we show that exposure of cDCs from EC to HIV-1 leads to a rapid and sustained production of type I interferons and upregulation of several interferon-stimulated effector genes. Emergence of these cell-intrinsic immune responses was associated with a reduced induction of SAMHD1 and LEDGF/p75, and an accumulation of viral reverse transcripts, but inhibited by pharmacological blockade of viral reverse transcription or siRNA-mediated silencing of the cytosolic DNA sensor cGAS. Importantly, improved cell-intrinsic immune recognition of HIV-1 in cDCs from elite controllers translated into stronger abilities to stimulate and expand HIV-1-specific CD8 T cell responses. These data suggest an important role of cell-intrinsic type I interferon secretion in dendritic cells for the induction of effective HIV-1-specific CD8 T cells, and may be helpful for eliciting functional T cell immunity against HIV-1 for preventative or therapeutic clinical purposes.
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- 2015
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21. Papel de las células natural killer en la eliminación de los reservorios celulares del vih y uso de la nanotecnología para potenciar su función
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Astorga-Gamaza, Antonio, Buzón, Maria José, Meseguer Navarro, Anna, and Buzon Gomez, Maria José
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Virologia ,Virology ,Virología ,Ciències de la Salut - Abstract
El Virus de la Immunodeficiència Humana (VIH) causa una infecció persistent que altera el sistema immunitari de les persones infectades, i representa una patologia incurable a dia d’avui. El tractament antiretroviral (TAR) disponible contra el virus és altament efectiu suprimint la càrrega viral per sota del límit de detecció de les tècniques comercials actuals, reduïnt substancialment la mortalitat i morbiditat associada a la infecció. No obstant això, el TAR no és capaç d’eliminar completament el VIH del cos humà. Això és degut, principalment, a la presència de reservoris cel·lulars, com són les cèl·lules T CD4+, que contenen genomes virals majoritàriament en estat de latència, i que no són susceptibles al TAR ni a l’acció del sistema immunitari. Com a conseqüència, un cop discontinuat el tractament, la càrrega viral en sang augmenta novament i arriba a nivells detectables en qüestió de setmanes. Per aquesta raó, les noves estratègies dirigides a eliminar aquests virus, un cop revertida la latència, són una prioritat en la investigació contra el VIH. Recentment, l’estratègia terapèutica anomenada “shock and kill” està sent àmpliament explorada per a tal d’assolir aquesta fita, i consisteix en la inducció farmacològica de l’expressió viral i la posterior eliminació pels efectes citopàtics del virus o per diferents mecanismes immunològics. En aquest sentit, l’ús in vivo de fàrmacs reversors de la latència ha aconseguit una reactivació parcial del virus, però, en cap dels assajos clínics duts a terme fins al moment s’ha observat una disminució significativa del reservori, posant de manifest la necessitat de potenciar el sistema immune dels pacients VIH+. Per tant, les noves aproximacions terapèutiques que inclouen l’adreçament del sistema immunitari a les cèl·lules VIH+ reactivades són crucials en l’intent d’erradicar la infecció viral. En aquest sentit, les cèl·lules Natural Killer (NK), per la varietat i potència de mecanismes immunes que són capaços d’intervenir, són un candidat atractiu per al desenvolupament d’inmunoteràpies contra el VIH. En la present tesi, es descriu, en primer lloc, l’existència d’un grup de cèl·lules reservori, les quals expressen la molècula CD32, amb capacitat per evadir la resposta immune mediada per cèl·lules NK. Específicament, aquestes cèl·lules T CD4+ CD32+ aconsegueixen escapar en assajos ex vivo al mecanisme de control mediat per immunoglobulines que és conegut com a ADCC. A més, presenten major potencial de proliferació en resposta a complexos immunes, la qual cosa podria facilitar la seva persistència en l’organisme. En segon lloc, s’ha desenvolupat una nova nano-eina consistent en nanopartícules d’or biespecífiques (BiAb-AuNPs), carregades amb dos anticossos específicament dirigits a les cèl·lules VIH+ reactivades i a les cèl·lules NK. A més, s’ha desenvolupat un mètode de conjugació que assoleix l’adsorció cooperativa dels anticossos sobre la nanopartícula, aconseguint una disposició ordenada dels mateixos en dominis, fet que facilita el contacte cel·lular específic. Els resultats mostren la capacitat de les BiAb-AuNPs per penetrar en el teixit limfoide ex vivo i reduir la infecció viral, així com de potenciar l’eliminació mediada per les cèl·lules NK de les cèl·lules que actuen com a reservori després de la reactivació viral. En conclusió, els resultats revelen un mecanisme d’evasió de la resposta immune NK per part de la subpoblació de cèl·lules reservori CD32+, amb implicacions per al disseny de noves teràpies dirigides a erradicar els reservoris virals, i el potencial d’un format biespecífic, multivalent i polaritzat com les BiAb-AuNPs, per a la seva aplicació en estratègies de “shock and kill”. El Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Humana (VIH) causa una infección persistente que altera el sistema inmune de las personas infectadas, y representa una patología incurable a día de hoy. El tratamiento antirretroviral (TAR) disponible contra el virus es altamente efectivo en suprimir la carga viral por debajo del límite de detección de las técnicas comerciales actuales, reduciendo sustancialmente la mortalidad y morbidez asociada a la infección. Sin embargo, el TAR no es capaz de eliminar completamente el VIH del cuerpo humano. Esto es debido principalmente a la presencia de reservorios celulares, principalmente células T CD4+, que albergan genomas virales en su mayoría en estado de latencia, y que no son susceptibles al TAR ni a la acción del sistema inmunitario. Como consecuencia, una vez discontinuado el tratamiento, el VIH rebota de los citados reservorios y alcanza niveles detectables en cuestión de semanas. Por esta razón, nuevas estrategias dirigidas a eliminar estos virus, una vez revertida la latencia, son una prioridad en la investigación contra el VIH. Recientemente, la estrategia terapéutica denominada “shock and kill” está siendo ampliamente explorada para tal fin, y consiste en la inducción farmacológica de la expresión viral y la posterior eliminación por los efectos citopáticos del virus o por distintos mecanismos inmunes. En este sentido, el uso in vivo de fármacos reversores de la latencia ha conseguido una reactivación parcial del virus, sin embargo, en ninguno de los ensayos clínicos llevados a cabo hasta el momento se ha observado una disminución significativa del reservorio, resaltando la necesidad de potenciar el sistema inmune de los pacientes VIH+. Por lo tanto, nuevas aproximaciones terapéuticas integrando también el direccionamiento del sistema inmunitario a las células VIH+ reactivadas son cruciales en el intento de erradicar la infección viral. En este sentido, las células Natural Killer (NK), por la variedad y potencia de mecanismos inmunes que son capaces de mediar, son un candidato atractivo para el desarrollo de inmunoterapias contra el VIH. En la presente tesis, se describe en primer lugar, la existencia de un grupo de células reservorio, las cuales expresan la molécula CD32, con capacidad para evadir la respuesta inmune mediada por células NK. Específicamente, estas células T CD4+ CD32+ consiguen escapar en ensayos ex vivo al mecanismo de control mediado por inmunoglobulinas conocido como ADCC. Además, presentan mayor potencial de proliferación en respuesta a complejos inmunes, lo cual podría facilitar su persistencia en el organismo. En segundo lugar, se ha desarrollado un nuevo nanosistema consistente en nanopartículas de oro biespecíficas (BiAb-AuNPs), cargadas con dos anticuerpos específicamente dirigidos a las células VIH+ reactivadas y a las células NK. Además, se ha desarrollado un método de conjugación que logra la adsorción cooperativa de los anticuerpos sobre la nanopartícula, consiguiendo una disposición ordenada de los mismos en dominios, que facilita el contacto celular específico. Los resultados muestran la capacidad de las BiAb-AuNPs para penetrar en el tejido linfoide ex vivo y reducir la infección viral, así como de potenciar la eliminación mediada por células NK de las células reservorio tras la reactivación viral. En conclusión, los resultados revelan un mecanismo de evasión de la respuesta inmune NK por parte de la subpoblación de células reservorio CD32+, con implicaciones para el diseño de nuevas terapias dirigidas a erradicar los reservorios virales, y el potencial de un formato biespecífico, multivalente y polarizado como las BiAb-AuNPs, para su aplicación en estrategias de “shock and kill”. The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) causes a persistent infection that impact the immune system of infected people, and represents an incurable disease today. Currently available antiretroviral treatment (ART) is highly effective in suppressing HIV replication below the limit of detection of current commercial assays, significantly reducing the mortality and morbidity associated with the infection. However, ART is not able to completely eliminate HIV from the human body. This is mainly due to the presence of cellular reservoirs, mainly CD4+ T cells, which harbor viral genomes, mostly in a dormant state, and which are not susceptible to ART or the action of the immune system. As a consequence, once treatment is interrupted, HIV rebounds from the aforementioned reservoirs and reaches detectable levels in a matter of weeks. For this reason, new strategies aimed at eliminating these viruses, once latency is reversed, are a priority in HIV research. For this purpose, therapeutic strategies called “shock and kill” are being explored, and consists of the pharmacological induction of viral expression and subsequent elimination by viral cytopathic effects or different immune mechanisms. In this sense, the in vivo use of latency-reversal agents has been modestly successful at reactivating the virus; however, none of the clinical trials carried out to date has achieved a significant decrease in the reservoir size, highlighting the need for enhance the immune system of HIV+ patients. Thus, new therapeutic approaches also guiding the immune system towards reactivated HIV+ cells are crucial in the attempt to eradicate the HIV infection. In this sense, Natural Killer (NK) cells, due to the varied and potent mechanisms of action, are an attractive candidate for the development of HIV immunotherapies. Here, we show first the existence of a subpopulation of HIV reservoir cells, with expression of the molecule CD32, which have the ability to evade the NK-mediated immune response. Specifically, these CD4+ CD32+ T cells manage to escape in ex vivo assays the immunoglobulin-mediated control mechanism known as ADCC. In addition, they have a greater proliferative potential in response to immune complexes, which could facilitate their persistence in the body. Second, a new nano-tool has been developed consisting of bispecific gold nanoparticles (BiAb-AuNPs), loaded with two antibodies specifically directed at reactivated HIV+ cells and NK cells. Furthermore, a conjugation method has been developed that achieves the cooperative adsorption of the antibodies on the nanoparticle, leading to an ordered arrangement of them in domains, which facilitates specific cell contact. The results show the ability of BiAb-AuNPs to penetrate lymphoid tissue ex vivo and reduce viral infection, as well as to enhance NK cell-mediated clearance of reservoir cells after viral reactivation. In conclusion, the results reveal a mechanism of evasion of the NK immune response by the subpopulation of CD32+ reservoir cells, with implications for the design of new therapies aimed at eradicating viral reservoirs, and the potential of a bispecific, multivalent and polarized platform like the BiAb-AuNPs, for their application in shock and kill strategies. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Programa de Doctorat en Bioquímica, Biologia Molecular i Biomedicina
- Published
- 2021
22. Posada a punt i aplicació d'una nova tècnica per a la caracterització del reservori del VIH i avaluació d'un nou compost natural com a agent reversor de la latència
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Grau Expósito, Judith, Buzón, Maria José, Meseguer Navarro, Anna, and Buzón Gomez, Maria José
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Latency ,HIV-1 ,Latencia ,VIH-1 ,Agents reversors de la latència ,Latency reversing agents ,Ciències de la Salut ,Latència ,Agentes reversores de la latencia - Abstract
Tot i que la teràpia antiretroviral ha suposat un enorme avenç en quan a la cronificació de la infecció pel VIH-1, encara avui dia la malaltia és incurable. L’eficàcia de la TAR és indiscutible, però l’aturada del tractament es tradueix sistemàticament en un rebot de la càrrega viral plasmàtica que serà degut, principalment, a l’existència de reservoris latents que s’estableixen molt ràpidament en el moment de la infecció i que poden romandre en l’organisme llargs períodes de temps. S’han dissenyat diverses estratègies o aproximacions que tenen com a objectiu trobar la cura per la infecció causada pel VIH, ja sigui per una eliminació radical dels reservoris latents o bé, pel control de la replicació en absència de tractament acompanyat d’una millora de la funcionalitat del sistema immunitari de l’hoste. Així doncs, per a que aquesta aproximació tingui èxit és necessari que es reactivin els provirus competents de les cèl·lules infectades, actuant sobre un ampli ventall de subpoblacions; es produeixin efectes mínims sobre altres tipus cel·lulars evitant així possibles toxicitats off-target; s’estimulin mecanismes de mort en les cèl·lules infectades i s’eviti una activació global de les cèl·lules T. Per tots aquests motius és imprescindible una bona caracterització d’aquests reservoris virals per tal de poder dissenyar estratègies dirigides a eliminar-los. A més, és imperatiu trobar nous agents reversors de latència que permetin una reactivació dels virus a nivell de cèl·lules T CD4+ sense tenir un efecte negatiu sobre la resta de cèl·lules del sistema immunitari, com serien les cèl·lules T CD8+ citotòxiques. En la present tesi doctoral s’ha posat a punt una nova tècnica, anomenada RNA/FISH flow, en el context de la infecció pel VIH. Aquesta tècnica permet la detecció de molècules d’ARN mitjançant la hibridació in situ fluorescent (FISH) combinada amb un mètode d’amplificació de la senyal i, per l’altra banda, l’immunofenotipatge mitjançant anticossos conjugats amb fluorocrom contra proteïnes intracel·lulars i de superfície cel·lular. Totes aquestes dades seran posteriorment recollides i analitzades a través d’un citòmetre de flux. L’ús d’aquesta tècnica ha permès identificar les cèl·lules efectores de memòria (TEM) com la subpoblació cel·lular que suporta majoritàriament la transcripció viral activa tant en pacients virèmics com en aquells amb la càrrega viral suprimida. A més, l’estudi i caracterització de les subpoblacions cel·lulars que actuen com a reservori del virus i que poden respondre a l’estimulació exògena per part de diferents agents reversors de la latència (LRAs), fent ús d’aquesta nova tècnica, ha determinat que els agents reversors de la latència indueixen una resposta heterogènia en les diferents subpoblacions de cèl·lules T CD4+ de pacients infectats pel VIH; i s’ha identificat la combinació de Romidepsina i Ingenol com una de les més potents. Finalment, s’ha proposat i l’avaluat l’àcid làuric, un àcid gras de cadena mitjana, com a nou inductor de la reactivació viral. Els resultats obtinguts in vitro demostren la capacitat d’aquest compost natural per induir la transcripció i producció de proteïna viral al mateix temps que promou una reprogramació del metabolisme cel·lular sense afectar a la capacitat citotòxica de les cèl·lules T CD8+. En conclusió, el RNA/FISH flow es determina com una tècnica vàlida per estudiar el reservori transcripcionalment actiu i avaluar compostos que actuïn com a agents reversors de latència, entre d’altres; i es postula l’àcid làuric com un nou LRA prometedor per ser testat en futurs assajos clínics. Aunque la terapia antirretroviral ha supuesto un enorme avance en cuanto a la cronificación de la infección por el VIH-1, hoy en día la enfermedad sigue siendo incurable. La eficacia de la TAR es indiscutible, pero la interrupción del tratamiento se traduce sistemáticamente en un rebote de la carga viral plasmática debido, principalmente, a la existencia de reservorios latentes que se establecen muy rápidamente en el momento de la infección y que pueden permanecer en el organismo largos períodos de tiempo. Se han diseñado varias estrategias o aproximaciones que tienen como objetivo encontrar la cura para la infección causada por el VIH, ya sea por una eliminación radical de los reservorios latentes o bien, por el control de la replicación en ausencia de tratamiento acompañado de una mejora de la funcionalidad del sistema inmunitario del huésped. Así pues, para que esta aproximación tenga éxito es necesario que se reactiven los provirus competentes de las células infectadas, actuando sobre un amplio abanico de subpoblaciones; provoque efectos mínimos sobre otros tipos celulares evitando así posibles toxicidades off-target; se estimulen mecanismos de muerte en las células infectadas y se evite una activación global de las células T. Por todos estos motivos es imprescindible una buena caracterización de los reservorios virales para poder diseñar estrategias dirigidas a eliminarlos. Además, es imperativo encontrar nuevos agentes reversores de la latencia que permitan una reactivación de los virus a nivel de células T CD4+ sin tener un efecto negativo sobre el resto de células del sistema inmunitario, como serían las células T CD8+ citotóxicas. En la presente tesis doctoral se ha puesto a punto una nueva técnica, denominada RNA/FISH flow, en el contexto de la infección por el VIH. Esta técnica permite la detección de moléculas de ARN mediante la hibridación in situ fluorescente (FISH) combinada con un método de amplificación de la señal y, por otro lado, el inmunofenotipaje mediante anticuerpos conjugados con fluorocromos contra proteínas intracelulares y de superficie celular. Todos estos datos serán posteriormente recogidos y analizados por un citómetro de flujo. El uso de esta técnica ha permitido identificar las células efectoras de memoria (TEM) como la subpoblación celular que soporta mayoritariamente la transcripción viral activa tanto en pacientes virémicos como en aquellos con la carga viral suprimida. Además, el estudio y caracterización de las subpoblaciones celulares que actúan como reservorio del virus y que pueden responder a la estimulación exógena por parte de diferentes agentes reversores de la latencia (LRAs), usando esta nueva técnica, ha determinado que los LRA inducen una respuesta heterogénea en las diferentes subpoblaciones de células T CD4+ de pacientes infectados por el VIH y se ha identificado la combinación de Romidepsina y Ingenol como una de las más potentes para reactivar el virus. Finalmente, se ha propuesto y evaluado el ácido láurico, un ácido graso de cadena mediana, como nuevo inductor de la reactivación viral. Los resultados obtenidos in vitro demuestran la capacidad de este compuesto natural para inducir la transcripción y producción de proteína viral a la vez que promueve una reprogramación del metabolismo celular sin afectar a la capacidad citotóxica de las células T CD8+. En conclusión, el RNA/FISH flow se determina como una técnica válida para estudiar el reservorio transcripcionalmente activo y evaluar compuestos que actúen como agentes reversores de latencia, entre otros; y se postula el ácido láurico como un nuevo LRA prometedor para ser testado en futuros ensayos clínicos. Current antiretroviral drugs maintain the viral load under the limit of detection; however, the interruption of the treatment results in an immediate rebound of the virus. The presence of latent cell reservoirs that persist in antiretroviral treated HIV-infected patients is considered the main obstacle to cure HIV. Several strategies are investigated as an additional treatment despite ART, aimed to reduce or eliminate the HIV reservoirs. The "shock and kill" strategy is based on the reactivation of the latent virus using drugs called latency reversal agents (LRAs), and the killing of those reactivated cells by the cytopathic effects or the action of the immune system. To achieve a successful cure, it is needed to reactivate all the competent provirus of infected cells, to induce a broader reactivation in all subpopulations where HIV is hidden without affecting other cell types avoiding off-target toxicities; and to promote cell death of reactivated cells and without inducing a global activation of T cells. Therefore, it is essential to perform an in-deep characterization of the viral reservoir and to find new latency reversal agents able to induce HIV reactivation without impairing the cytotoxic capacity of immune cells. In this PhD thesis, a new technique, so-called RNA/FISH flow, has been developed in the context of the HIV infection. This technique allowed the detection of RNA molecules by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) combined with a signal amplification method and the immunophenotyping of transcriptionally active cells using fluorochrome-conjugated antibodies against intracellular and cell surface proteins. All data were collected and analysed using a flow cytometer. Using this novel technique, we identified memory effector CD4+T cells (TEM) as the main cell population supporting the HIV-RNA transcription both in viremic patients and in those with suppressed viral load. Furthermore, the study and characterization by the RNA/FISH flow method of the cell subpopulations that are susceptible to HIV reactivation by different latency-reversing agents (LRAs) determined that LRAs induced a heterogeneous response in the different subpopulations of CD4+T cells of HIV-infected patients, and identified Romidepsin and Ingenol as one of the most potent combinations at reactivating HIV. Finally, lauric acid, a medium-chain fatty acid, has been proposed and evaluated as a new LRA. The results obtained in vitro demonstrated the ability of this natural compound to induce the HIV transcription and production of viral proteins. Moreover, lauric acid significantly reprogramed the metabolic signatures of host cells preserving the cytotoxic capacity of CD8+ T cells at killing viral-reactivated cells from primary cell reservoirs. In conclusion, the RNA/FISH flow method is determined as a valid technique to study the transcriptionally active HIV reservoir and to evaluate compounds with HIV latency reversal capacity (LRA). Furthermore, lauric acid is postulated, for the first time, as a promising new LRA to be tested in future clinical trials. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Programa de Doctorat en Bioquímica, Biologia Molecular i Biomedicina
- Published
- 2020
23. Role of SARS-CoV-2-specific memory B cells promoting immune protection after booster vaccination in solid organ transplantation.
- Author
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Donadeu L, Gomez-Olles S, Casanova F, Torija A, Lopez-Meseguer M, Boada-Pérez M, Kervella D, Crespo E, Carrera-Muñoz C, Campos-Varela I, Castells L, Cortese MF, Esperalba J, Fernández-Naval C, Quintero J, Muñoz M, Agüero F, Gonzalez-Costello J, Lladó L, Favà A, Cañas L, Del Mar de la Hoz-Caballero M, Meneghini M, Torres IB, Juvé M, Hafkamp F, Vila M, Robles AG, Buzón MJ, Toapanta N, Zúñiga JM, Monforte V, Saez-Giménez B, Len O, Arcos IL, Miret E, Ariceta G, Pardo E, Martínez X, Moreso F, and Bestard O
- Subjects
- Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Female, Aged, Adult, Immunosuppressive Agents therapeutic use, Immunologic Memory, Seroconversion, Vaccination, COVID-19 immunology, COVID-19 prevention & control, SARS-CoV-2 immunology, Antibodies, Viral blood, Antibodies, Viral immunology, Memory B Cells immunology, COVID-19 Vaccines immunology, Antibodies, Neutralizing immunology, Antibodies, Neutralizing blood, Organ Transplantation adverse effects, Immunization, Secondary
- Abstract
Introduction: Solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients display weak seroconversion and neutralizing antibody (NAb) responses after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination and remain at risk of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). While B-cell memory is the hallmark of serological immunity, its role in driving successful vaccine responses and providing immune protection in SOT patients remains unclear., Methods: We investigated the function and interplay of SARS-CoV-2-specific memory B cells (mBc), different cytokineproducing T cells, and cross-reactive NAb in driving seroconversion and protection against COVID-19 in two cohorts. First, we studied a large cohort of 148 SOT recipients and 32 immunocompetent individuals who underwent several vaccinations. Subsequently, we assessed 25 SOT patients participating in a randomized controlled trial to compare two different immunosuppressive strategies for allowing successful seroconversion and memory-cell responses after booster vaccination., Results: We corroborate previous findings that B- and T-cell memory responses are weaker and more delayed in SOT patients than in immunocompetent (IC) individuals; however, within the SOT cohort, we found that these responses are relatively stronger and more robust in patients not receiving mycophenolate mofetil (MMF)-based therapies. Anti- spike IgG titers strongly correlated with RBD-specific IgG-producing mBc, with both displaying broad viral cross reactivity. Prebooster SARS-CoV-2-specific mBc and IL-2- producing T cells accurately predicted Nab seroconversion (AUC, 0.828) and protection against severe COVID-19. While switching unresponsive SOT patients from calcineurin inhibitors (CNI)/MMF to a low-exposure CNI/mTOR-i regimen favored wider SARS-CoV-2-specific immune responses after a fourth booster vaccination, preformed RBD-specific mBc predicted NAb seroconversion., Discussion: Our study adds new insights into the pathobiology of immune memory and highlights the pivotal role of SARS-CoV-2-specific mBc in promoting immune protection inSOT patients., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The author(s) declared that they were an editorial board member of Frontiers, at the time of submission. This had no impact on the peer review process and the final decision., (Copyright © 2024 Donadeu, Gomez-Olles, Casanova, Torija, Lopez-Meseguer, Boada-Pérez, Kervella, Crespo, Carrera-Muñoz, Campos-Varela, Castells, Cortese, Esperalba, Fernández-Naval, Quintero, Muñoz, Agüero, Gonzalez-Costello, Lladó, Favà, Cañas, del Mar de la Hoz-Caballero, Meneghini, Torres, Juvé, Hafkamp, Vila, Robles, Buzón, Toapanta, Zúñiga, Monforte, Saez-Giménez, Len, Arcos, Miret, Ariceta, Pardo, Martínez, Moreso and Bestard.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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