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WOS: 000432662200021 Pharmaceutical in natural waters could be an environmental problem because of their potential toxic risk on living organisms. Conventional wastewater treatment plant processes are not enough to remove pharmaceuticals therefore advanced oxidation process have become an attractive solution. Carbamazepine (CBZ), is an antiepileptic drug, is a most widely used medicine in almost every part of world. In present study, advance oxidation, using H2O2 and FeSO4 (Fenton process) is used to degrade the concentrations of CBZ from water. Fenton process is known to be most effective and common methods for the treatment of such wastewaters. This study investigated the degradation of CBZ by H2O2 and FeSO4 under changing pH and contact time of (3, 3.5, 4), (15, 20, 30 min) respectively. Results showed 75.86 % COD and 45.69 % TOC removal. But real degradation of CBZ were elucidated using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LCMS) coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (MS) indicating 53.73 % removal.

WOS: 000325747800009 This research work involved the use of factorial design technique to investigate the adsorption of silver ions from water onto montmorillonite. There is a growing interest in using low-cost and commercially available materials for the adsorption of heavy metals. Clay particles are strongly anisotropic and exhibit faces and edges, which are very different in surface area and in chemical behavior. It has been reported that the abundance of clay minerals and their low cost has posed them a strong candidate as adsorbent for removal of heavy metal from wastewater. In this study, a factorial experimental design technique was used to investigate the adsorption of silver ions from water onto montmorillonite. The experimental factors and their respective levels that were selected include a pH of 3 - 8, an adsorbent dosage of 0.5-2.0 g/L and an initial silver ions concentration of 20-200 mg/L. The results were analyzed statistically using the Student's t-test, analysis of variance, F-test and lack of fit to define most important process variables affecting the percentage silver ions adsorption.

WOS: 000273768400008 The biological processes improving fast are shown among the future technologies. In these processes which biological materials are used as degraders, raw wastes are processed to remove the contaminants in them. Biotechnological processes are used for wastewater treatment, gas treatment and disposal of solid wastes in environmental engineering. Also, these processes can be utilized for the production of biogas and hydrogen as new energy resources. For preventing environmental pollution in environmental engineering, activated sludge process, trickling filters, biotrickling filters, oxidation ponds, anaerobic treatment, composting units and biogas reactors are used extensively among the waste treatment technologies. In this review paper, the role of biotechnology on waste treatment was assessed and several treatment methods were investigated.

Proceedings of the International Conference on Biotechnology and Food -- 20 February 1989 through 24 February 1989 -- Stuttgart, West Ger -- 13349 Treatment of highly polluted wastewater was investigated in continuous anaerobic column system. Activated sludge was immobilized on the surface of 1.5 mm diameter granular activated carbons by adsorption and these carbons were used as packing material in the column reactor. The sludge were obtained from municipal wastewater. The mixed cells suspension was concentrated by centrifugation and then used for immobilization. The cells were attached to the carbon surface. Synthetic wastewater which has COD value of approximately 7 kg/m3 was used in the anaerobic filter.

Proceedings of the International Conference on Biotechnology and Food -- 20 February 1989 through 24 February 1989 -- Stuttgart, West Ger -- 13349 Lactic acid production using immobilized Lactobacillus delbrueckii (NRRL B 445) cells was investigated in continuous paked column reactor. Calcium alginate was used as supporting material for the immobilization and the so obtained calcium alginate beads which contain cells were used as packed material in the column. In the lactic acid production process from glucose, data were obtained in the range of flow rates from 2.5 ml/min to 6.0 ml/min keeping the temperature fixed at 45°C. In order to avoid product inhibition, the produced lactic acid was neutralized using calcium carbonate. The effects of diffusion Limitation on the productivity and Michaelis-Menten constants were investigated.

WOS: 000382585200045, In this study, the removal characteristics of phenol from aqueous solution by the live Aspergillus niger were investigated under various operating variables like contact time, initial phenol concentration, biomass dosage, and temperature. The biosorption of phenol reached equilibrium in 48h. The maximum loading capacity of the sorbent was also found to be 30.0mg/g for live A. niger at an initial phenol concentration of 550mg/L. Kinetic evaluation of experimental data showed that the biosorption of phenol on A. niger conformed closely to the intra particle diffusion model. Langmuir and Freundlich models were applied to describe the biosorption isotherms. Akaike's information criterion (AIC) values were calculated for Langmuir (6.54) and Freundlich (12.45) isotherms, respectively. Having a smaller AIC value suggests that Langmuir isotherm is more likely to be a better fit. Thermodynamic parameters such as standard Gibbs free energy (G degrees), standard enthalpy (H degrees), and standard entropy (S degrees) were obtained by applying the Van't Hoff equation. The thermodynamics parameters indicated that the biosorption was spontaneous and endothermic. This research showed that fungal biosorption has a potential to be used in the removal of phenol from wastewaters.