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Two novel species of Russula (Russulaceae, Russulales), namely Russula indosenecis A.Ghosh, D.Chakr., K.Das & Buyck sp. nov. and R. pseudosenecis A.Ghosh, D.Chakr., K.Das & Buyck sp. nov. belonging to sect. Ingratae subg. Heterophyllidiae are proposed herein based on their morphological features and nrITS-based phylogenetic inferences. Both species belong to the Asian ʻR. punctipes-senecisʼ complex of sect. Ingratae. The acrid R. indosenecis was collected from subalpine forests associated with Abies densa, whereas the mild R. pseudosenecis associates with tropical forests dominated by Shorea robusta. Both species are distinct from the other species of this species complex in nrITS sequence data and from all other known species in subg. Heterophyllidiae in the strong amyloidity of their suprahilar spot.

Russula leucobrunnea Y.Song nom. nov. MycoBank: MB847839 Figs 14–15 Basionym Russula leucocarpa G.J.Li & C.Y.Deng, Mycosystema 39 (4): 5 (Li et al. 2020). Material examined CHINA • Guangdong Province, Zhaoqing City, Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve, on the ground in evergreen broad-leaf forest mainly with Fagaceae trees; 12 Sep. 2016; Y. Song K16091221; GenBank nos: MN275671 (ITS), MK881934 (nLSU), MK882062 (mtSSU), MT364342 (rpb1), MK880661 (rpb2), MT085575 (tef1); GDGM79692 • same data as for preceding; 17 Sep. 2018; Y. Song K18091702; GenBank no: MN275672 (ITS); GDGM79693.

Russula callainomarginis J.F.Liang & J.Song Figs 9–10 Material examined CHINA • Guangdong Province, Zhaoqing City, Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve, on the ground in evergreen broad-leaf forest mainly with Fagaceae trees; 10 Jun. 2018; Y. Song K18061013; GenBank nos: MN275693 (ITS), MN839582 (nLSU), MN839632 (mtSSU), MT085535 (rpb1), MT085659 (rpb2), MT085602 (tef1); GDGM79715 • same data as for preceding; 22 Apr. 2019; Y. Song K19042220; GenBank no: MN839555 (ITS); GDGM79716. Description Basidiomata medium to large sized. Pileus 6–10 cm in diam., hemispherical to convex when young, turning applanate with depressed center to infundibuliform; surface glabrous, dry, viscid when wet, white to cream (#FFFAFA, #FFFFF0) with reddish brown (#F5DEB3, #F2E0B7) tint; margin slightly undulate and upward. Lamellae adnate to decurrent, unequal with multidymous lamellulae, often forked near stipe and pileus margin, interveined, white at first, turning cream with brown tint (#FEEABA, #FAEDB3) with maturity; edge entire, concolorous. Stipe central, subcylindrical, solid at first, turning hollow with age, 4–6 cm long, white, stained with reddish brown (#F9E197, #F2D782) when old, longitudinally rugulose. Context white. Odor distinct. Spore print whitish. Basidiospores subglobose to ellipsoid, rarely globose, (40/2/2) (5.4–)5.7–6.3–7.1(–7.4) × (4.9–)5.2– 5.6–6.1(–6.5) µm, [Q = (1.03–)1.04–1.16–1.24(–1.36)], hyaline in 5% KOH; ornamentation amyloid, composed of verrucous to cylindrical warts less than 1 µm in height, some fused into short crests, mostly connected by fine lines forming partial reticulum; suprahilar spot amyloid. Basidia (25–)27– 29.5–32(–34) × 8–9.5–11(–12) µm, clavate, 2- or 4-spored, thin-walled; sterigmata 4–10.5 × 0.8– 1.6 µm. Pleurocystidia (23–)27–43–81(–101) × 5–7.5–10.5 µm, mostly typical fusiform, with obtuse, mucronate or papillate apices, thin-walled, with refractive contents mostly distributed in middle to upper parts, some subcylindrical, arising from deep in subhymenium, weakly positive in SV. Cheilocystidia (23.5–)26–33–39(–41.5) × (5.5–)6.5–7.5–10 µm, fusiform, with obtuse or mucronate apices, thinwalled, with refractive contents mostly at medium parts. Subhymenium pseudoparenchymatous. Lamellar trama composed of numerous sphaerocytes surrounded by connective hyphae, sphaerocytes measuring 10–28 × 7.5–23 µm. Pileipellis composed of ascending to erect hyphae, 100–140 µm thick; hyphae cylindrical, septate, hyaline, thin-walled, 1.5–5 µm wide; terminal cells (8–)10.5–19–35 × 2.5– 3.5–5.5 µm, cylindrical, rarely lageniform, with obtuse apices, hyaline, some incrusted. Pileocystidia (11–)26–55.5–80(–84) × 2–4–6(–7) µm, cylindrical to fusiform, with obtuse, mucronate to papillate apices, with granular refractive contents, unchanging in SV. Stipitipellis composed of cylindrical, septate hyphae measuring 1.5–4 µm wide; terminal cells cylindrical with obtuse apices, hyaline. Caulocystidia (16.5–)30–54–68(–74) × 1.5–4–6.5 µm, cylindrical, obtuse or papillate, with refractive contents. Clamp connections absent in all tissues. Comments Russula callainomarginis was recently described from China (Song et al. 2022). Collections of this species from DHSBR are mostly in accordance with the original morphological descriptions, except that DHSBR specimens have obviously smaller basidia [(25–)27–29.5–32(–34) × 8–9.5–11(–12) µm] and pileocystidia unchanging in SV (turning dark grey to blackish when first described)., Published as part of Xie, Xiu-Chao, Buyck, Bart & Song, Yu, 2023, Species of Russula subgenera Archaeae, Compactae and Brevipedum (Russulaceae, Basidiomycota) from Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve, pp. 28-63 in European Journal of Taxonomy 864 on pages 49-52, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.864.2085, http://zenodo.org/record/7785576, {"references":["Song J., Li H., Wu S., Chen Q., Yang G., Zhang J., Liang J. & Chen B. 2022. Morphological and molecular evidence for two new species within Russula subgenus Brevipes from China. Diversity 112: 1 - 14. https: // doi. org / 10.3390 / d 14020112"]}

Russula pseudoflavida A.Ghosh, Hembrom, I.Bera & Buyck, sp. nov. (Figs 7-9) Russula pseudoflavida A.Ghosh, Hembrom, I.Bera & Buyck, sp. nov. differs from North American R. flavida Frost ex Peck in its very small to medium sized (10-45 mm) pileus, very long primordial hyphae usually with strong incrustations covering most of the surface, distinctly smaller spores and occurrence under Shorea robusta. HOLOTYPE. — India. West Bengal, Jhargram district, Tuluha, 22°19’18”N, 87°05’34”E, alt. 80 m a.s.l., on ground, under Shorea robusta in tropical deciduous forests, 13.VIII.2020, A. Ghosh, AG 20-058 (holo-, CAL [CAL 1862]!). ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED. — India. West Bengal, Paschim Medinipur district, Chandra, 22°21’01”N, 87°02’00”E, alt. 90 m a.s.l., on ground, under Shorea robusta in tropical deciduous forests, 12.VIII.2020, A. Ghosh, AG 20-022; Jhargram district, Lodhasuli, 22°19’50”N, 87°01’41”E, alt. 80 m a.s.l., on ground, under S. robusta in tropical deciduous forests, 13.VIII.2020, A. Ghosh, AG 20-036; Jhargram district, Jhargram city, 22°25’01.1”N, 87°00’13.5”E, alt. 103 m a.s.l., on ground, under S. robusta in tropical deciduous forests, 12.VIII.2021, A. Ghosh, AG 21-070 (CAL [CAL 1863]); Bihar, West Champaran district, Valmiki national Park, Raghia range, Sitalbari enclosure, 27°20’14.4”N, 84°13’05.8”E, alt. 133 m a.s.l., on ground, under S. robusta in tropical deciduous forests, 15.IX.2020, M.E. Hembrom, MEH-20-110; Jharkhand, Rajmahal hills, Sahibganj district, Borio block, Pir-Baba Kairasol forest area, 25°09’41.7”N, 87°40’31.9”E, alt. 126 m a.s.l., on ground, under S. robusta in tropical deciduous forests, 24.VIII.2021, M.E. Hembrom, MEH-21-06; Rajmahal hills, Pakur district, Hiranpur block, Talpahari to Tugutola forest area, 24°37’02.6”N, 87°40’45.2”E, alt. 94 m a.s.l., on ground, under S. robusta in tropical deciduous forests, 26.VIII.2021, A. Ghosh, AG 21-11 (JH). GENBANK. — OL471685 (nrITS, holotype) and OL471686 (nrITS, specimen voucher no. AG 21-070); ON365928 (nrLSU, holotype), ON365929 (nrLSU, specimen voucher no. AG 21-070); ON387512 (mtSSU, holotype), ON387511 (mtSSU, specimen voucher no. AG 21-070); ON398067 (rpb 2, holotype), ON398068 (rpb 2, specimen voucher no. AG 21-070). ETYMOLOGY. — Referring to its being a look-alike and close relative of R. flavida, a North American species in the crown clade of Russula subg. Russula. MYCOBANK. — MB 844206. FACESOFFUNGI NUMBER. — FoF 11437. DESCRIPTION Pileus very small to medium-sized, 10-45 mm in diam., convex when young, becoming planoconvex to applanate, uplifted with age, centrally depressed to umbilicate with maturity, margin tuberculate striate, decurved to plane with age; cuticle smooth, velvety, viscid and shiny when wet, dull upon drying, peeling to 1/2 of the radius, deep orange (6A-B7-8) or brownish orange (6-7C7-8) when young, then yellowish orange, orange yellow to deep yellow (4A7-8) or even orange to deep orange (5A7-8). Pileus context 5-10 mm thick at the disc, thinning towards the margin, brittle, chalky white (1-2A1), unchanging after bruising or cutting; turning salmon pink (6A4) with FeSO 4 and deep to dark turquoise (24E-F7-8) in guaiacol. Lamellae equal, 10-15 mm high, adnexed to narrowly adnate, normally spaced (10/cm) to crowded (up to 22/cm at pileus margin), rounded near pileus margin, chalky white (1-2A1), sometimes forked near stipe apex; edges even, marginate, deep orange or dark orange (5A8). Stipe 10-30× 4-9 mm, cylindrical, central, firm, with dry, smooth, velvety surface that is concolorous to pileus, but chalky white (1-2A1) at the stipe apex, unchanging after bruising or cutting, turning salmon pink (6A4) with FeSO 4 and deep to dark turquoise (24E-F7-8) in guaiacol, stuffed and chalky white (1-2A1) inside, unchanging. Odour not distinctive.Taste mild. Spore print not obtained. Basidiospores globose, broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid, (5.5-) 5.7-6.05-6.5(-7.0)×(4.4-)4.8-5.2-5.6(-6.2) µm, Q=(1-)1.11- 1.17-1.22(-1.25); ornamentation amyloid, composed of obtuse and relatively densely spaced warts, up to 0.6 µm high, merged in short ridges which are interconnected by numerous fine line connections; suprahilar spot amyloid, relatively large and conspicuous; apiculi up to 0.9 µm high. Basidia (18-)21- 27-32(-39) ×(9-)9-10-10.5(-11) µm, 4-spored, subclavate to clavate, sterigmata up to 5 µm long. Hymenial gloeocystidia on lamellae sides (39-)41.5-49-56(-60) × (7-)8-9.5-11(-12) µm, rare, clavate to subclavate and mostly rostrate at the tip (up to 13 µm long), others with narrowing or obtuse-rounded apex, emergent up to 15 µm above the other elements of the hymenium, few deeply embedded; near the lamellae edges usually smaller and narrower, measuring (27-)30-38.5-46.5 (-52) × (6-)6.5-8.5-10(-11) µm; all hymenial cystidia with scarce, granulose contents that do not react in sulfovanillin. Subhymenium layer up to 25 µm thick, pseudoparenchymatous. Marginal cells similar to hyphal terminations in pileipellis, mainly cylindrical, measuring (12-)15-22.5-29.5 (-35) ×(3.5-)4-5-6(-6) µm, apically obtuse-rounded; mixed with occasional basidia or basidioles. Hymenophoral trama mainly composed of large nests of sphaerocytes and intermixed with hyphal elements. Pileipellis orthochromatic in Cresyl blue, sharply delimited from the underlying sphaerocytes of the context, 100-200 µm deep, two-layered; vaguely divided in a 70-150 µm deep suprapellis a trichoderm composed of relatively dense, erect or ascending hyphal terminations; subpellis 30-50 µm deep, composed of more horizontally oriented, densely arranged hyphae. Acidoresistant incrustations uncertain. Hyphal terminations near the pileus margin flexuous, thin-walled, two- to three-celled, branched at the subterminal cells or the cells just below, pigment incrustations abundant; terminal cells measuring (16-)21.5-35-48.5 (-66) ×(4-)5-6.5-8(-9.5) µm, cylindrical or slightly narrowed towards apex or ventricose or narrowly uniform, apically obtuse-rounded or acute; subterminal cells usually equally long but sometimes wider (up to 11 µm), often with lateral projections. Hyphal terminations near the pileus centre of similar structure; terminal cells slightly shorter and less wide, measuring (14-)19-28-37(-45) × (3-)3.5-5-6.5(-9) µm, cylindrical or slightly narrowed towards apex or ventricose or narrowly uniform, apically obtuse-rounded or acute; subterminal cells usually equally long but sometimes wider (up to 13 µm). Potential primordial hyphae near the pileus margin typically 2- to 3-celled, flexuous, very long, thick-walled (up to 1 µm); terminal cells (58-)65.5-111-157(-225) × (2-)2.8-3.8-4.8 (-6) µm, mainly attenuate, apically mostly acute, subterminal cells long, cylindrical; usually with strong incrustations covering most of its surface. Potential primordial hyphae near the pileus centre 2- to 3-celled, flexuous, very long, thick-walled (up to 1 µm), slightly shorter, terminal cells (45-)46-80.6- 115(-165) ×(2-)3.5-4.5-5.5(-6) µm, cylindrical to attenuate, apically mostly acute; usually with strong incrustations covering most of its surface. Pileocystidia not observed. Clamp connections absent in all parts. NOTES In the field, our new species is a look-alike of the American R. flavida Frost. It differs microscopically from this American species in the smaller size of its basidiospores, as basidiospores of R. flavida holotype measure (7.1-)7.6-7.9-8.3(-8.6)×(5.8-) 6-6.4-6.7(-7) µm (Adamčík et al. 2018), while their size was reported as 5.5-8.5(9.6) × 5-7 µm in Bills & Miller (1984) based on different collections. The American R. flavida has not yet been placed in a multilocus phylogeny as essentially ITS sequences are available for this species. Our new R. pseudoflavida A.Ghosh, Hembrom, I.Bera & Buyck, sp. nov. is here placed for the first time on the basis of three genes (Fig. 3). This placement supports the assumption made on the basis of an ITS phylogeny (Adamčík et al. 2019) that R. flavida, and now by extension also R. pseudoflavida A.Ghosh, Hembrom, I.Bera & Buyck, sp. nov., might be considered members of subsect. Auratinae Bon. This small subsection was until now limited to merely three species: the European R. aurea and its morphologically and genetically (4 bp difference in the ITS) very similar Asian counterpart, R. aurantioflava, recently reported from Pakistan (Adamčík et al. 2019), as well as the equally very similar, but rare American R. xantho Shaffer which has not yet been sequenced. Compared to R. flavida and R. pseudoflavida A.Ghosh, Hembrom, I.Bera & Buyck, sp. nov., these species are less uniform in colour with a pileus that varies from purplish to wine red, over brick red and orange to yellow, and a stipe that is frequently tinged with yellow but which can also be entirely white. Additionally, R. xantho is particular in the greying-blackening reaction of the context (Buyck 2005). The high support obtained in our multigene phylogenetic analyses (Fig. 3; MLbs= 100%, BPP = 1) and ITS (Fig. 7; MLbs= 98%, BPP= 1) also suggests that the / wielangtae-lineage should be considered part of Auratinae. This Oceanian lineage, comprising again very few species, the orange-red R. wielangtae from Australia and purplish-greenish R. atroviridis Buyck from New Zealand, offers a very similar microscopy as R. aurea and allies. When blasting the ITS sequence (which is of perfect quality) of R. pseudoflavida A.Ghosh, Hembrom, I.Bera & Buyck, sp. nov. against GenBank deposits, including environmental sequences, it is immediately evident that this sequence is very different from any other deposited sequence. For nearly complete coverage (100-93%), the closest match is a single Australian sequence at 85.85% similarity, and then similarity drops to less than 83% with first sequences for R. flavida and Auratinae arriving only at 81% similarity; coverage then drops very quickly to 70-60%. This is probably the reason why some of the closer species in multigene phylogenies (Buyck et al. 2018; Adamčík et al. 2019), such as the European R. romellii or the R. wielangtae lineage don’t show up in these nBLAST results. When doing nBLAST of the ITS of R. romellii, neither R. pseudoflavida A.Ghosh, Hembrom, I.Bera & Buyck, sp. nov. nor Auratinae are showing up in the first 100 results, but R. flavida is at 86% similarity for full coverage. Host specificity seems not very high for species in Auratinae. The well-documented R. aurea has a distribution that extends from Mediterranean climates all the way into the colder parts of Europe. It occurs under various deciduous trees and conifers, and on various types of soil (Sarnari 2005). On the other side of the Atlantic Ocean, R. flavida is found in mixed forests with various Quercus, Betula, but also conifers (Bills & Miller 1984). Russula aurantioflava was originally reported as ectomycorrhizal with conifers (Adamčík et al. 2019). However, based on 100% similarity top scores in nBLAST for ITS sequence deposits MN704814 and MN 704815 in GenBank, it occurs also in the very north-eastern part of China (Xing et al. 2020) in forests dominated (98%) by Quercus mongolica with intrusion (2%) of Betula platyphylla Sukaczev, resulting finally in a very similar host range as for both other species. Russula xantho is for the moment the only species of the subsection that seems to have a distinct preference for beech (Buyck 2005). Our new R. pseudoflavida A.Ghosh, Hembrom, I.Bera & Buyck, sp. nov. is the first species in this lineage that associates with tropical dipterocarps. The pileipellis of Auratinae has always been interpreted as devoid of any well-defined pileocystidia or primordial hyphae, but they have well-differentiated caulocystidia. However, for R. flavida and R. pseudoflavida A.Ghosh, Hembrom, I.Bera & Buyck, sp. nov., the question of absence/presence of primordial hyphae is more difficult to answer as the entire pileipellis is covered in yellow incrustations and many cells also present deposits inside hyphal terminations. Adamčík et al. (2019) mentioned presence of pileocystidia in the pileipellis of the R. flavida holotype, but absence of primordial hyphae. In our opinion, both primordial hyphae and dermatocystidia are absent in the pileipellis and on the stipe surface, although we admit that the reaction in carbolfuchsine (Fig. 8H) is open for interpretation as most of the colouration is situated inside the hyphae but with some guttules nevertheless sitting on top of the hyphal surface. All of the abovementioned species have also very poor contents in hymenial cystidia., Published as part of Ghosh, Aniket, Buyck, Bart, Chakraborty, Dyutiparna, Hembrom, Manoj Emanuel, Bera, Ishika & Das, Kanad, 2023, Three new species of genus Russula Pers. from Sal dominated forests of tropical India based on morphotaxonomy and multigene phylogenetic analysis, pp. 27-50 in Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (3) on pages 38-44, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2023v44a3, http://zenodo.org/record/7829742, {"references":["ADAMCIK S., JANOVICCOVA S. & BUYCK B. 2018. - The Russulas described by Charles Horton Peck. Cryptogamie, Mycologie 39 (1): 3 - 108. https: // doi. org / 10.7872 / crym / v 39. iss 1.2018.3","BILLS G. F. & MILLER O. K. JR. 1984. - Southern Applachian Russulas. I. Mycologia 76 (6): 975 - 1002. https: // doi. org / 10.10 80 / 00275514.1984.12023944","ADAMCIK S., LOONEY B., CABON M., JANCOVICOVA S., ADAMCIKOVA K., AVIS P. G., BARAJAS M., BHATT R. P., COR- RALES A., DAS K., HAMPE F., GHOSH A., GATES G., KALVIAINEN V., KHALID A. K., KIRAN M., DE LANGE R., LEE H., LIM Y. W., LUZ A. K., MANZ C., OVREBO C., PARK J. Y., SABA M., TAIPALE T., VERBEKEN A., WISITRASSAMEEWONG K. & BUYCK B. 2019. - The quest for a globally comprehensible Russula language. Fungal Diversity 99 (1): 369 - 449. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13225 - 019 - 00437 - 2","BUYCK B. 2005. - First record of the rare, northern Russula xantho from near Wildacres, North Carolina. Cryptogamie, Mycologie 26 (4): 283 - 291.","BUYCK B., ZOLLER S. & HOFSTETTER V. 2018. - Walking the thin line … ten years later: the dilemma of above- versus below-ground features to support phylogenies in the Russulaceae (Basidiomycota). Fungal Diversity 89 (1): 267 - 292. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13225 - 018 - 0397 - 5","SARNARI M. 2005. - Monografia illustrate del Genere Russula in Europa. Tomo Secondo. Centro Studi Micologici, Trento, 768 p.","XING P., XU Y., GAO T., LI G., ZHOU J., XIE M. & JI R. 2020. - The community composition variation of Russulaceae associated with the Quercus mongolica forest during the growing season at Wudalianchi City, China. PeerJ 8: e 8527. https: // doi. org / 10.7717 / peerj. 8527"]}

Russula shoreae D.Chakr., A.Ghosh, K.Das & Buyck, sp. nov. (Figs 10-12) Russula shoreae D.Chakr., A.Ghosh, K.Das & Buyck, sp. nov. is separated from North American R. redolens by the absence of a strong celery-like taste and odour and because of its ectomycorrhizal association with Shorea robusta. HOLOTYPE. — India. West Bengal, Jhargram district, Lodhasuli, 22°19’57”N, 87°02’47”E, alt. 80 m a.s.l., on ground, under Shorea robusta in tropical deciduous forests, 27.VIII.2021, D. Chakraborty, NPDF917-10 L (holo-, CAL [CAL 1864]!). ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED. — India. West Bengal, West Bengal, Jhargram district, Lodhasuli, 22°19’59”N, 87°02’47”E, alt. 80 m a.s.l., on ground, under Shorea robusta in tropical deciduous forests, 13.VIII.2020, A. Ghosh, AG 20-027 (CAL [CAL 1865]); Jhargram district, Jhargram city, 22°25’01.1”N, 87°00’13.5”E, alt. 103 m a.s.l., on ground, under S. robusta in tropical deciduous forests, 12.VIII.2021, A. Ghosh, AG 21-068; Uttar Dinajpur, Kaliyaganj, Dhamja, 25°18’00”N, 88°20’35.9”E, alt. 80 m a.s.l., on ground, under S. robusta in tropical deciduous forests, 07.IX.2020, D. Chakraborty, RGJ-20-05; Uttar Dinajpur, Kaliyaganj, Dhamja, 25°18’00”N, 88°20’35.9”E, alt. 80 m a.s.l., on ground, under S. robusta in tropical deciduous forests, 10.X.2021, D. Chakraborty, RGJ-21-03; Bihar, West Champaran district, Valmiki national Park, Raghia range, Sitalbari enclosure, 27°20’14.4”N, 84°13’05.8”E, alt. 133 m a.s.l., on ground, under S. robusta in tropical deciduous forests, 15.IX.2020, M.E. Hembrom, MEH-20-114; Jharkhand, Rajmahal hills, Sahibganj district, Borio block, Pir-Baba Kairasol forest area, 25°09’41.7”N, 87°40’31.9”E, alt. 126 m a.s.l., on ground, under S. robusta in tropical deciduous forests, 24.VIII.2021, A. Ghosh, AG 21-02 (JH); Ranchi district, Getalsud, 23°28’36.5”N, 85°33’23.8”E, alt. 570 m a.s.l., on ground, under S. robusta in tropical deciduous forests, 09.X.2021, M.E. Hembrom, MEH-21-32. GENBANK. —OL461227 (nrITS, holotype) andOL461230 (nrITS, specimen voucher no. AG 20-027); ON365930 (nrLSU, holotype), ON365931 (nrLSU, specimen voucher no. AG 20-027); ON387509 (mtSSU, holotype), ON387514 (mtSSU, specimen voucher no. AG 20-027); ON398069 (rpb 2, holotype), ON398070 (rpb 2, specimen voucher no. AG 20-027) ETYMOLOGY. — ‘ shoreae ’ refers to Shorea robusta (Dipterocarpaceae), the host tree. MYCOBANK. — MB 844207. FACESOFFUNGI NUMBER. — FoF 11435. DESCRIPTION Pileus small to medium-sized, 12-70 mm in diam., convex when young, becoming plano-convex to applanate, uplifted with age, centrally depressed to umbilicate at maturity; margin decurved to plane with age, entire; cuticle viscid and shiny when moist, dull upon drying, peeling to 1/2 of the radius, when young dark green (27F5-6) to dull green (26C-D3-4) with paler margin (26D4), at maturity with dark green (27F5-6) centre with alternating dark green and greyish green concentric rings (26D3-4, 25-26F7-8). Pileus context up to 6 mm thick at the disc, thinning towards the margin, compact, brittle, chalky white (1-2A1), unchanging after bruising or cutting; turning salmon pink (6A4) with FeSO 4 and deep to dark turquoise (24E-F7-8) in guaiacol. Lamellae up to 4 mm high, narrowly adnate to adnexed, subdistant to close (9-13/cm at pileus margin), chalky white (1-2A1), forked near the stipe apex, midway to the margin, or near the margin; lamellulae present in different lengths; edges entire and concolorous. Stipe 10-67× 5-22 mm, cylindrical to clavate, central, firm and brittle; surface dry, smooth, chalky white (1-2A1) with dull green (26D4) tinges. Stipe context solid when young, becoming stuffed to hollow with maturity, surface chalky white (1-2A1), unchanging after bruising or cutting, becoming salmon pink (6A4) with FeSO 4 and deep to dark turquoise (24E-F7-8) in guaiacol. Odour not distinctive. Taste mild. Spore print not obtained. Basidiospores subglobose, broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid, rarely globose, (5.5-)6.3-7.0-7.7(-8.4)×(4.8-)5.4-6.0-6.6(-7.8) µm, Q=(1.02-)1.09-1.17-1.25(-1.41); ornamentation composed of amyloid isolated warts; warts up to 0.5 µm high, pustu - lose or rounded, sometimes fused with each other; suprahilar spot distinct, large but inamyloid, apiculi up to 1.5 µm long. Basidia (46-)51-57-62(-65)×(9-)10-11-12(-13) µm, 4-spored, subclavate, tapering towards base, sterigmata up to 6 µm long. Hymenial cystidia rare on the lamellae sides, (50-)53.5-61-68 (-76)×(7-)10-11.5-13.5(-15) µm, cylindrical,subclavate, clavate to fusiform with rostrate to moniliform apex, emergent up to 22 µm above the other elements of the hymenium; contents finely crystalline, near the lamellae edges usually smaller and narrower, measuring 46-51-55× 9-11-12 µm; all hymenial cystidia not reacting in sulfovanillin. Lamellae edges fertile with basidia and cystidia. Subhymenium layer 35-40 µm thick, pseudoparenchymatous. Hymenophoral trama mainly composed of large nests of sphaerocytes and intermixed with hyphal elements. Pileipellis orthochromatic in Cresyl blue, sharply delimited from the underlying sphaerocytes of the context, 276-307 µm deep, two-layered and vaguely divided in a relatively dense suprapellis, 96-91 µm deep, composed of erect or ascending hyphal terminations forming a trichoderm, and a subpellis 180-216 µm deep, composed of more densely and more horizontally oriented hyphae.Acidoresistant incrustations absent.Hyphal terminations near the pileus margin often slightly flexuous, thin-walled, composed of chains of 1-3 cells, branched at the subterminal cells or the cells just below; terminal cells measuring (11-)13-21-29(-44.5)×(3-)4-4.5-5.5(-7) µm, mainly subulate or cylindrical, apically acute and distinctly attenuated or obtuse-rounded; subterminal cells mainly cylindrical, but sometimes wider. Hyphal terminations near the pileus centre of similar structure, terminal cells slightly less wide, measuring (9-)12.5-19.5-26.5(-30.5)×(2.5-)3-4-4.5(-5) µm, mainly subulate or cylindrical, apically acute and distinctly attenuated or obtuse-rounded; subterminal cells mainly cylindrical, but sometimes wider or with lateral appendages. Pileocystidia near the pileus margin typically one-celled,flexuous, thin-walled, (14-)17.5-40-62(-96)×(2.5-)3.5-4.5-5.5(-6) µm, mainly subulate, apically mostly mucronate or with short appendages; those near the pileus centre slightly shorter, (22-)24-31.5-39(-46) ×(3.5-) 4-4.5-5 µm; all with contents finely crystalline and without reaction in sulfovanillin.Clamp connections absent in all parts. NOTES The nBLAST of the obtained ITS sequence places R. shoreae D.Chakr., A.Ghosh, K.Das & Buyck, sp. nov. in subg. Heterophyllidiae, which was also clearly suggested by its morphological characters, including the inamyloid suprahilar spot, the typical ramifying hyphal extremities at the pileus surface composed of chains of more or less inflated, short cells that become gradually narrower toward the terminal cell and onecelled, narrow and mucronate pileocystidia. In our ITS phylogenetic analysis, the here newly described R. shoreae D.Chakr., A.Ghosh, K.Das & Buyck, sp. nov. is placed sister to the Chinese R. verrucospora, a subtropical species that has smaller spores and a more variable pileus colour with grey and vinaceous tints. Both are again placed sister to the North American and equally green R. redolens which has a unique and strong smell of parsley. These three species form a strongly supported clade, which is placed sister, again with strong statistical support, to the annulate R. brunneoannulata Buyck of the African subsect. Aureotactinae Heim ex Buyck (Buyck 1994). All these species have very similar microscopic features of pileipellis and share the same type of spore ornamentation consisting of isolated blunt warts. All of these species differ from subsect. Cyanoxanthinae Sing. in the absence of strong metachromatic reactions in Cresyl blue. Some of the above-mentioned species were also grouped with strong support in recent multilocus phylogenies. Indeed, a representative sampling of species belonging to subg. Heterophyllidiae was distributed over four significantly supported clades in the combined multilocus phylogeny, based on 28S, rpb 2 and tef -1 loci, that was published by Wang et al. (2019). In that phylogeny, subsect. Substriatinae was introduced as a new subsection that grouped with Aureotactinae as one of the four strongly supported clades in the subgenus. This topology was never recovered in ITS-based phylogenies, nor in the combined multilocus (based on the same loci) published by Vera et al. (2021) where Aureotactinae, impacted by the introduction of R. redolens, no longer grouped with Substriatinae., Published as part of Ghosh, Aniket, Buyck, Bart, Chakraborty, Dyutiparna, Hembrom, Manoj Emanuel, Bera, Ishika & Das, Kanad, 2023, Three new species of genus Russula Pers. from Sal dominated forests of tropical India based on morphotaxonomy and multigene phylogenetic analysis, pp. 27-50 in Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (3) on pages 44-48, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2023v44a3, http://zenodo.org/record/7829742, {"references":["BUYCK B. 1994. - Russula II (Russulaceae), in RAMMELOO J. & HEINEMANN P. (eds), Flore illustree des Champignons d'Afrique centrale. Vol. 16. Ministere de l'agriculture, Jardin botanique national de Belgique, Bruxelles: 411 - 542.","WANG J., BUYCK B., WANG X. H. & BAU T. 2019. - Visiting Russula (Russulaceae, Russulales) with samples from southwestern China finds one new subsection of Heterophyllidia with two new","VERA M., ADAMCIK S., ADAMCIKOVA K., HAMPE F., CABON M., MANZ C., OVREBO C., PIEPENBRING M. & CORRALES A. 2021. - Morphological and genetic diversification of Russula floriformis, sp. nov., along the Isthmus of Panama. Mycologia 113 (4): 807 - 827. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00275514.2021.1897377"]}

Russula boddingii Hembrom, D.Chakr., A.Ghosh & K.Das, sp. nov. (Figs 4-6) Russula boddingii Hembrom, D.Chakr., A.Ghosh & K.Das, sp. nov. is mainly separated from R. densifolia Secr. ex Gillet by a combination of medium to large-sized (30-160 mm) pileus, a more intense blackening of the flesh after cutting or bruising, the unequal, the absence of pileocystidia, the stronger reticulation of the spore ornamentation, the more slender hyphal endings (2-6 µm wide) in the pileipellis and its occurrence under dipterocarps in Asia. HOLOTYPE. — India. West Bengal, Jhargram district, Lalgarh, Karamsol, 22°34’12.9”N, 87°05’25.2”E, alt. 73 m a.s.l., on ground, under Shorea robusta in tropical deciduous forests, 1.VII.2018, M.E. Hembrom, MEH-18-01 (holo-, CAL [CAL 1860]!). ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED. — India. Jharkhand, Rajmahal hills, Sahibganj district, Mandro block, near Mandro Fossil Park, 25°07’31.3”N, 87°31’22.3”E, alt. 142 m a.s.l., on ground, under Shorea robusta in tropical deciduous forests, 20.VIII.2013, M.E. Hembrom, MEH-13-03; Sahibganj district, Borio block, Pir-Baba Kairasol forest area, 25°09’41.7”N, 87°40’31.9”E, alt. 126 m a.s.l., on ground, under S. robusta in tropical deciduous forests, 24.VIII.2013, M.E. Hembrom, MEH-13-27; Rajmahal hills, Godda district, Boarijore block, Mangra Dahar-Langi and surroundings, 25°01’43.0”N, 87°28’13.8”E, alt. 136 m a.s.l., on ground, under S. robusta in tropical deciduous forests, 01.IX.2013, M.E. Hembrom, MEH-13-31; Rajmahal hills, Pakur district, Hiranpur block, Talpahari to Tugutola forest area, 24°37’02.6”N, 87°40’45.2”E, alt. 94 m. a.s.l., on ground, under S. robusta in tropical deciduous forests, 22.VIII.2014, M.E. Hembrom, MEH-14-28; Pakur district, Litipara block, Sathiya to Sathiyapahar forest area, 24°44’44.3”N, 87°35’03.8”E, alt. 225 m a.s.l., on ground, under S. robusta in tropical deciduous forests, 02.IX.2014, M.E. Hembrom, MEH-14-33; Rajmahal hills, Dumka district, Kathikund block, Kanhaidih reserve forest, 24°19’04.2”N, 87°29’14.3”E, alt. 132 m a.s.l., 18.IX.2015, on ground, under Shorea robusta in tropical deciduous forests, M.E. Hembrom, MEH-15-09; Dumka district, Sikaripara block, Karakata forest area, 24°13’19.0”N, 87°30’16.2”E, alt. 241 m a.s.l., on ground, under S. robusta in tropical deciduous forests, 23.X.2015, M.E. Hembrom, MEH-15-17; Sahibganj district, Taljhari block, Karanpurato village forest toward Gogi, 25°09’02.9”N, 87°43’02.3”E, alt. 61 m a.s.l., on ground, under S. robusta in tropical deciduous forests, 06.XI.2016, M.E. Hembrom, MEH-16-21; Sahibganj district, Borio block, Dhogada-Paharia burial ground forest, 25°02’23.7”N, 87°39’35.8”E, alt. 110 m a.s.l., on ground, under S. robusta in tropical deciduous forests, 08.XI.2016, M.E. Hembrom, MEH-16-32 (CAL [CAL 1861]); Rajmahal hills, Sahibganj district, Borio block, Dhogada-Paharia burial ground forest, 25°02’23.7”N, 87°39’35.8”E, alt. 110 m a.s.l., on ground, under S. robusta in tropical deciduous forests, 15.XI.2020, M.E. Hembrom, MEH-20-10; Rajmahal hills, Pakur district, Hiranpur block, Talpahari to Tugutola forest area 24°37’02.6”N, 87°40’45.2”E, alt. 94 m a.s.l., on ground, under S. robusta in tropical deciduous forests, 26.VIII.2021, A. Ghosh, AG 21- 08 (JH); Ranchi district, Getalsud, 23°28’36.5”N, 85°33’23.8”E, alt. 570 m a.s.l., on ground, under S. robusta in tropical deciduous forests, 09.X.2021, M.E. Hembrom, MEH-21-25; Bihar, West Champaran district, Valmiki national Park, Raghia range, Sitalbari enclosure, 27°20’14.4”N, 84°13’05.8”E, alt. 133 m a.s.l., on ground, under S. robusta in tropical deciduous forests, 15.IX.2020, M.E. Hembrom, MEH-20-104; West Bengal, Bankura district, Joypur forest, 23°01’53.00”N, 87°15’15.73”E, alt. 73 m a.s.l., on ground, under S. robusta in tropical deciduous forests, 08.VII.2020, A. Ghosh, AG 20-004; Paschim Medinipur district, Chandra, 22°21’01”N, 87°02’00”E, alt. 90 m a.s.l., on ground, under S. robusta in tropical deciduous forests, 12.VIII.2020, D. Chakraborty, NPDF917 - 17L; Uttar Dinajpur, Kaliyaganj, Dhamja, 25°18’00”N, 88°20’35.9”E, alt. 80 m a.s.l., on ground, under S. robusta in tropical deciduous forests, 07.IX.2020, D. Chakraborty, RGJ-20-08; Uttar Dinajpur, Kaliyaganj, Dhamja, 22°19’44”N, 87°02’39”E, alt. 80 m a.s.l., on ground, under S. robusta in tropical deciduous forests, 13.VIII.2021, A. Ghosh, AG 21-074; Uttar Dinajpur, Kaliyaganj, Dhamja, 25°18’00”N, 88°20’35.09”E, alt. 80 m a.s.l., on ground, under S. robusta in tropical deciduous forests, 10.X.2021, D. Chakraborty, RGJ-21-05. GENBANK. —OL469097 (nrITS, holotype) andOL469118 (nrITS, specimen voucher no. MEH-16-32); ON365924 (nrLSU, holotype), ON365926 (nrLSU, specimen voucher no. MEH-16-32); ON387513 (mtSSU, holotype), ON387510 (mtSSU, specimen voucher no. MEH-16-32); ON418909 (rpb 2, holotype),ON418910 (rpb 2, specimen voucher no. MEH-16-32). ETYMOLOGY. — Commemorating Reverend Paul Olaf Bodding, a Norwegian missionary, linguist, folklorist and ethnobotanist who undertook pioneer work on the macrofungi of Rajmahal Hills. MYCOBANK. — MB 844205. FACESOFFUNGI NUMBER. — FoF 11436. DESCRIPTION Pileus medium-sized to large, 30-160 mm in diam., convex when young, becoming planoconvex to applanate, centrally depressed to umbilicate at maturity; margin smooth, entire when young becoming decurved to plane, sometimes uplifted with age; cuticle smooth, viscid and shiny when wet, dull upon drying, peeling to 1/4 of the radius, greyish white (1B2) to grey (2-5B2) with yellowish white (3A2) tinges. Pileus context firm and up to 9 mm thick at the disc centre, becoming narrower towards margin, chalky white (1-2A1), changing first orange red (8A8) or brownish red (8C6-7), then blackish when cut or bruised; turning dull green (27D3-4) with FeSO 4, and deep to dark turquoise (24E-F7-8) in guaiacol. Lamellae unequal, of different lengths, narrow, up to 5 mm deep, sub-decurrent to decurrent, crowded (15-22/cm at pileus margin), chalky white (1-2A1) to yellowish white (3A2), forked at different distances from the stipe; edges entire and concolorous. Stipe 25-57 × 9-23 mm, cylindrical, subclavate to clavate, central, firm and fleshy; surface dry, smooth, chalky white (1-2A1) to greyish white (1B2); turning dull green (27D3-4) with FeSO 4 and deep to dark turquoise (24E-F7-8) in guaiacol. Stipe context solid, chalky white (1-2A1), changing first orange red (8A8) or brownish red (8C6-7), then blackish when cut or bruised; turning dull green (27D3-4) with FeSO 4 and deep to dark turquoise (24E-F7-8) in guaiacol. Odour insignificant. Taste mild. Spore print not obtained. Basidiospores globose, subglobose to broadly ellipsoid, (5.8-)6.2-6.7-7.2(-7.8)×(5.5-)5.6-6.0-6.5(-7) µm, Q=(1-)1.07- 1.12-1.16(-1.20); ornamentation composed of relatively dense, obtuse-rounded, conical amyloid warts (up to 0.8 µm high), connected by thick ridges forming an almost complete network; suprahilar spot inamyloid; apiculi up to 1.2 µm long. Basidia (28-)34.5-40-45(-48)× 8-9-10(-11) µm, 4-spored, narrowly clavate to clavate, sterigmata up to 8 µm long; basidiola cylindrical to clavate. Hymenial gloeocystidia on the lamellae sides (22-)33.5-54.5-75.5(-112)×(4-)5-7.5-9.5(-10) µm, emergent up to 14 µm above the other elements of the hymenium, near the lamellae edges usually smaller and narrower, 31-43-55 (-65)×3-5-6(-7) µm, cylindrical to clavate with capitate to moniliform apex; contents completely or partly filled with brown refractive bodies, not reacting in sulfovanillin. Marginal cells absent. Subhymenium layer up to 20 µm thick, pseudoparenchymatous. Hymenophoral trama mainly composed of large nests of sphaerocytes and intermixed with hyphal elements. Pileipellis orthochromatic in Cresyl Blue, sharply delimited from the underlying context, 300-380 µm thick, two-layered; suprapellis 140-200 µm thick, composed of narrow, ascending hyphal terminations; subpellis 160-180 µm deep, composed of more or less dense, horizontally oriented hyphae. Acid-resistant incrustations absent.Hyphal terminations near the pileus margin long, flexuous, densely septate, scarcely branched at the bases, sometimes with lateral branches, thin-walled, partly filled with irregular refractive bodies containing brown pigments; terminal cells (39-)44-58-72(-90)×(3-)4-4.5-5.5(-6) µm, narrowly cylindrical to subulate, apically obtuse-rounded or acute; subterminal cells and the cells below often gradually wider, usually shorter. Hyphal terminations near the pileus centre apically more attenuated; the terminal cells slightly shorter and less wide, measuring (26-)34.5-50-65(-85)×(2-)3-3.5-4.5(-5) µm. Pileocystidia absent.Clamp connections absent from all tissues. NOTES In its most recent interpretation, Russula subg. Compactae (Fr.) Bon, emend. Buyck & V. Hofst. (Hongsanan et al. 2015) includes species that produce more or less thick-fleshed, very small to large basidiomata with dull to dingy white, brown, grey to black pileus, regularly unequal, polydymous lamellae, a mild to very acrid context that is reddening, greying, blackening, rarely browning and often with unpleasant smell, white spore print and spores with inamyloid suprahilar spot; gloeocystidia mostly capitate with one central knob or more frequently with two excentrical knobs. In a recent multilocus phylogeny (Buyck et al. 2018), this subgenus was shown to be composed of two highly supported lineages: sect. Polyphyllae Buyck & V. Hofst. and sect. Nigricantinae Bataille, which is the core group of this subgenus as it holds the European R. nigricans, the type species. With very few exceptions, species of sect. Nigricantinae have basidiomata that react most frequently by first reddening on bruising before turning to black. This feature, in combination with the unequal, polydymous gills, is still considered to constitute the easiest field character to recognize species of this section (Das et al. 2020). A nBLAST of the obtained ITS sequences of our specimens undeniably placed our new species in sect. Nigricantinae with sequences MN075499 (99.51% similarity), MN580113 (99.05% similarity) and JN969389 (99.13% similarity), all three obtained from deciduous dipterocarp forests in Thailand (Phosri et al. 2012; Pachit et al. 2020; Yuwa-Amornpitak & Yeunyaw 2020), representing earlier reports of R. boddingii Hembrom, D.Chakr., A.Ghosh & K.Das, sp. nov. None of the other sequences resulting from nBLAST was more similar than 96% to our species, and all suggested a placement of our new species in the R. densifolia lineage. In recent years, several new Asian species have been published in sect. Nigricantinae (Das et al. 2020; Zhou et al. 2020), but none of these had crowded gills as in the R. densifolia lineage. The latter lineage has been retrieved as a highly supported clade in recent multigene phylogenetic analyses (Buyck et al. 2018; De Lange et al. 2021). So far, only five described species have been shown to be part of this lineage, but molecularly quite distinct for our new species with very high support (Fig. 4): these species include the European R. densifolia, R. densissima, R. atramentosa and R. fuliginosa, the Australian R. ingwa, as well as at least five additional but undescribed Asian species in this lineage., Published as part of Ghosh, Aniket, Buyck, Bart, Chakraborty, Dyutiparna, Hembrom, Manoj Emanuel, Bera, Ishika & Das, Kanad, 2023, Three new species of genus Russula Pers. from Sal dominated forests of tropical India based on morphotaxonomy and multigene phylogenetic analysis, pp. 27-50 in Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (3) on pages 34-38, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2023v44a3, http://zenodo.org/record/7829742, {"references":["HONGSANAN S., HYDE K. D., BAHKALI A. H., CAMPORESI E., CHOMNUNTI P., EKANAYAKA H., GOMES A. A. M., HOFSTET- TER V., JONES E. B. G., PINHO D. B., PEREIRA O. L., TIAN Q., WANASINGHE D. N., XU J. - C. & BUYCK B. 2015. - Fungal Biodiversity Profiles 11 - 20. Cryptogamie, Mycologie 36 (3): 355 - 380. https: // doi. org / 10.7872 / crym / v 36. iss 3.2015.355","BUYCK B., ZOLLER S. & HOFSTETTER V. 2018. - Walking the thin line … ten years later: the dilemma of above- versus below-ground features to support phylogenies in the Russulaceae (Basidiomycota). Fungal Diversity 89 (1): 267 - 292. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13225 - 018 - 0397 - 5","DAS K., GHOSH A., BUYCK B. & HEMBROM M. E. 2020. - Two new species of Russula subgenus Compactae from Indian Himalaya based on morphology and molecular phylogenetic inference. Nordic Journal of Botany: e 02962. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / njb. 02962","PHOSRI C., POLME S., TAYLOR A. F. S., KOLJALG U., SUWAN- NASAI N. & TEDERSOO L. 2012. - Diversity and community composition of ectomycorrhizal fungi in a dry deciduous dipterocarp forest in Thailand. Biodiversity and Conservation 21 (9): 2287 - 2298. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10531 - 012 - 0250 - 1","PACHIT P., DISYATAT N. R. & PIAPUKIEW J. 2020. - Temporal changes in enzyme activities associated with ectomycorrhizas and soil from secondary deciduous dipterocarp forest fragments. Pedobiologia 81 - 82: 150661. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. pedobi. 2020.150661","ZHOU S., SONG Y., CHEN K., LI J., BUYCK B. & QIU L. 2020. - Three novel species of Russula Pers. subg. Compactae (Fr.) Bon from Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve in southern China. Cryptogamie, Mycologie 41 (14): 219 - 234. https: // doi. org / 10.5252 / cryptogamie-mycologie 2020 v 41 a 14","DE LANGE R., ADAMCIK S., ADAMCIKOVA K., ASSELMAN P., BOROVICKA J., DELGAT L., HAMPE F. & VERBEKEN A. 2021. - Enlightening the black and white: species delimitation and UNITE species hypothesis testing in the Russula albonigra species complex. IMA Fungus 12: 20. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 43008 - 021 - 00064 - 0"]}

Russula pseudosenecis A.Ghosh, D.Chakr., K.Das & Buyck sp. nov. MycoBank: MB842137 Figs 4B – 6 Diagnosis Russula pseudosenecis sp. nov. differs mainly from R. senecis Imai by its mild taste, paler pileus colour, chalky white gills when young, strongly amyloid suprahilar spot on the basidiospores and its association with Shorea robusta C.F.Gaertn. from the tropical tree family Dipterocarpaceae Blume. Etymology Referring to it being a look-alike of R. senecis, originally described from Japan. Material examined Holotype INDIA • West Bengal, Bankura district, Joypur forest; 23°03′11″ N, 87°25′49″ E; alt. 74 m a.s.l.; in tropical forest under Shorea robusta; 30 Aug. 2020; A. Ghosh AG 20-062; GenBank: OL461233 (ITS); CAL[1858]. Additional material INDIA • West Bengal, Paschim Medinipur district, Chandra; 22°21′01″ N, 87°02′00″ E; alt. 90 m a.s.l.; in tropical forest under Shorea robusta; 12 Aug. 2020; A. Ghosh AG 20-019; CAL[1895] • Jhargram district, Tuluha; 22°19′44″ N, 87°02′39″ E; alt. 80 m a.s.l.; in tropical forest under Shorea robusta; 11 Aug. 2021; A. G hosh AG 21 -073; GenBank: OL461234 (ITS); CAL[1859] • Uttar Dinajpur, Kaliyaganj, Dhamja forest; 25°34′56″ N, 88°20′16″ E; alt. 80 m a.s.l.; in tropical forest under Shorea robusta; 10 Oct. 2021; D. Chakraborty, RGJ -20-04; CAL[1896] • Jharkhand, Rajmahal hills, Pakur district, Hiranpur block, Talpahari to Tugutola forest area; 24º37′02.6″ N, 87º40′45.2″ E; alt. 94 m a.s.l.; in tropical forest under Shorea robusta; 26 Aug. 2021; A. Ghosh AG 21-14 (JH); CAL[1897] • ibid., Sahibganj district, Borio block, Dhogada, Paharia burial ground forest; 25°02′23.7″ N, 87°39′35.8″ E; alt. 110 m a.s.l.; in tropical forest under Shorea robusta; 17 Sep. 2022; A. Ghosh AGJH-033; CAL [1898]. Description Pileus small to medium-sized, 15–55 mm in diameter, convex, planoconvex to applanate with depressed center; margin decurved to plane, entire, strongly tuberculate-striate; surface viscid and glutinous when moist, dull upon drying, quickly cracked, easily peeled off ⅓ rd to ½ th towards center with maturity, pale yellow, light yellow to grayish yellow (4A–B3–5) or yellowish brown, light brown to golden brown (5D–E5–8), centrally dark brown (6–7E6–8) with maturity or age. Pileus context up to 5 mm thick at the disc, compact, firm, chalky white (1–2A1), unchanging after bruising or on exposure. Lamellaeadnate to adnexed, close to crowded (12–15/cm at pileus margin), up to 4 mm thick, chalky white (1–2A1), entire, forked at the stipe apex, middle and near the margin, unchanging after bruising or on exposure; edges punctuated with brownish orange (6C5–7) or light brown (6D5–7), entire; lamellulae rare. Stipe 20–45 × 9–15 mm, firm, brittle, cylindrical to subclavate, centrally attached; surface dry, longitudinally striate, pale to light yellow (4A3–4) or grayish yellow (4B5–6) with light brown (6D5–7) to brown (6D6–7) tinges, unchanging when bruised or on exposure; turning salmon pink (6A4) and deep to dark turquoise (24E–F7–8) in FeSO4 and guaiacol, respectively. Stipe context pale yellow to light yellow (5A3–5), chambered, unchanging when bruised or on exposure; turning salmon pink (6A4) and deep to dark turquoise (24E–F7–8) in FeSO4 and guaiacol, respectively. Odor indistinctive. Taste mild. Spore print not observed. Basidiospores globose to subglobose, (7.1–)7.5–7.8–8.3(–8.3) × (6.7–)7.0–7.4–7.8(–8.3) μm, Q = (1.02–)1.03–1.06–1.09(–1.13); ornamentation amyloid, composed of up to 2.2 μm high wings running over more or less long distances on the spore surface or even nearly encircling the spores, mixed with a dense, low network of short, laterally flattened, blunt ridges and warts forming an incomplete network, intermixed with crowded, isolated warts and large spines (up to 1.8 μm high), some partly connected; suprahilar spot strongly amyloid, uplifted and distinct; apiculi up to 2.5 μm long. Basidia (40–)46–50–54(–57) × (7–)9– 11–13(–14) μm, 4-spored, subclavate to clavate, tapered at the base; sterigmata up to 7 μm long. Hymenial cystidia on lamellae sides (50–)62.4–75.1–87.7(–100) × (6–)6.4–7.8–9.1(–11) μm, abundant, cylindrical to lanceolate with obtuse-rounded, mucronate to capitate or subcapitate, appendiculate to lageniform or moniliform apex, emergent up to 60 μm beyond the basidiole tips, few deeply embedded; content dense, finely crystalline with refractive granular bodies, turning gray-black with sulfovanillin. Lamellae edges fertile with basidia and cystidia. Hymenial cystidia on lamellae edges (34–)37–46.5–56(–60) × 5–6–7(–8) μm, cylindrical to lanceolate with obtuse-rounded, subcapitate to appendiculate apex; content dense, finely crystalline with refractive granular bodies, turning gray-black with sulfovanillin. Marginal cells not differentiated. Subhymenium layer up to 20 μm thick, pseudoparenchymatous. Hymenophoral trama composed mainly of large nests of sphaerocytes and few hyphal elements. Pileipellis orthochromatic in Cresyl Blue, sharply delimited from the underlying sphaerocytes of the context, 120–150 μm thick, two-layered; subpellis 60–75 μm deep, composed of more or less dense, horizontally oriented hyphae and dispersed pileocystidia that originate in the subpellis and not implanted on the top of the suprapellis; suprapellis pseudoparenchymatous, an ixo-palisade, 60–75 μm thick, mainly composed of ascending to erect, densely septate, hyphal terminations composed of inflated or cylindrical cells. Acidoresistant incrustations absent. Hyphal terminations near the pileus margin thin-walled, composed of chains of 3–5 cells; terminal cells (9–)10–13.8–17.7(–26) × (4.5–)6–7.7–9.2(–11) μm, mainly clavate to subglobose, rarely cylindrical, with rounded apex; subterminal cells inflated or cylindrical. Hyphal terminations near the pileus center also thin walled, rarely branched at the subterminal cells; terminal cells slightly longer and less wide, measuring (9–)9.9–15.3–20.6(–25) × (3–)3.5–4.9–6.3(–7) μm, mainly cylindrical or clavate; subterminal cells mainly cylindrical or inflated. Pileocystidia originating from the subpellis only, not as terminal cells in the suprapellis, single-celled, long, flexuous, thin-walled, (50–)53–86.9–121(–150) × (2.5–)3–4.2–5.3(–6) μm, mainly cylindrical, apically mainly obtuse-rounded or mucronate; contents finely crystalline with refractive granular bodies, turning gray-black in sulfovanillin. Pileocystidia in the pileus center slightly shorter (41.6–)42.6–67.6–92.6(–132) × (2–)2.8–4.3–5.8(–5) μm, sometimes with lateral projections, apically obtuse-rounded, otherwise identical. Oleiferous hyphae present. Clamp connections absent from all tissues., Published as part of Ghosh, Aniket, Buyck, Bart, Das, Kanad, Bera, Ishika & Chakraborty, Dyutiparna, 2022, Two new Asian species of Russula sect. Ingratae with unique basidiospore features for subg. Heterophyllidiae, pp. 104-120 in European Journal of Taxonomy 847 on pages 112-115, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.847.1985, http://zenodo.org/record/7374043

Russula indosenecis A.Ghosh, D.Chakr., K.Das & Buyck sp. nov. MycoBank: MB842307 Figs 2–4A Diagnosis Russula indosenecis sp. nov. resembles Japanese R. senecis Imai but differs from it mainly by the strongly amyloid suprahilar spot on the basidiospores, genetic distance of the nrITS sequences (97.25%–97.79% similarity) and its occurrence under Abies densa Giff. in subalpine forests. Etymology Referred to its occurrence in Indian Himalaya and morphological resemblance to R. senecis. Material examined Holotype INDIA • East Himalayan Region, Tawang district, on the way to Panga Teng Tso Lake; 27°38′15.5″ N, 91°51′12.1″ E; alt. 3935 m a.s.l.; in subalpine forest under Abies densa; 30 Aug. 2021; A. Ghosh AG-21- 06A; GenBank: OL701269 (ITS); CAL[1856]. Paratype INDIA • East Himalayan Region, Tawang district, on the way to Panga Teng Tso Lake; 27°38′15.2″ N, 91°51′11.6″ E; alt. 3919 m a.s.l.; in subalpine forest under Abies densa; 29 Aug. 2021; A. Ghosh AG-21- 04A; GenBank: OL701254 (ITS); CAL[1857]. Description Pileus medium to large sized, 65–140 mm in diameter, convex, planoconvex to applanate with broadly depressed center, becoming infundibuliform with maturity; margin decurved to plane or uplifted with maturity, entire, strongly tuberculate-striate; surface viscid and glutinous when moist, dull with drying, quickly cracked, easily peeled off ⅓ rd to ¾ th toward center, light orange or melon yellow or apricot yellow or golden yellow (5A–B5–7), centrally turning dark brown (6–7E6–8) with maturity or age, turning orange (6A8) with KOH. Pileus context up to 6 mm thick at the disc, compact, brittle, firm, chalky white (1–2A1), unchanging after bruising or on exposure. Lamellae shortly adnate to subfree, equal or with rare lamellulae, subdistant (7–10/cm at pileus margin), rarely forked, chalky white (1A1) to pale cream (3A2) when young, becoming concolorous to pileus colour with age or maturity, unchanging after bruising or on exposure; edges punctuated with brownish orange (6C5–7) or light brown (6D5–7), entire. Stipe long and slender, 90–160 × 13–30 mm, firm, brittle, cylindrical to subclavate, centrally attached; surface dry, smooth, longitudinally striate, light yellow to maize yellow (4A4–6) with light brown (6D5–7) to brown (6D6–7) tinges. Stipe context light orange or apricot yellow or golden yellow (5A–B5–7), multichambered, soon hollowing, unchanging on exposure; turning deep to dark turquoise (24E–F7–8) with guaiacol, insensitive to FeSO 4. Odor indistinctive. Taste acrid and very strong to hurting. Spore print pale cream (IIb). Basidiospores globose to subglobose, (8.4–)8.8–9.3–9.8(–10.5) × (8.2–)8.6–9.0–9.5(–10.4) μm, Q = (1–)1.01–1.03–1.06(–1.10); ornamentation amyloid, composed of up to 1.8 μm high wings running over more or less long distances on the spore surface or even nearly encircling the spores, mixed with dense, low network of short, laterally flattened, blunt ridges and warts forming an incomplete network, intermixed with crowded, isolated warts and large spines (up to 1.5 μm high), some spines partly connected; suprahilar spot indistinct, warted, sometimes partially amyloid; apiculi up to 2.7 μm long. Basidia (52–)58–64–71(–75) × 11–13–14(–15) μm, 4-spored, subclavate to clavate, tapered at the base; sterigmata up to 6 μm long. Hymenial cystidia on lamellae sides (68–)73.9–85.7–97.5(–115) × 5.5–8–10.5(–16) μm, abundant, cylindrical to lanceolate with obtuse-rounded, mucronate to capitate or subcapitate, appendiculate to lageniform or moniliform apex, emergent up to 50 μm beyond the basidiole tips, few deeply embedded; content dense, finely crystalline with refractive granular bodies, turning grayblack with sulfovanillin. Lamellae edges fertile with basidia and cystidia. Hymenial cystidia on lamellae edges (37–)44.7–51.5–58 × (6–)6.8–7.5–8 μm, cylindrical to lanceolate with obtuse-rounded apex; content dense, finely crystalline with refractive granular bodies, turning gray-black with sulfovanillin. Marginal cells not differentiated. Subhymenium layer up to 35 μm thick, pseudoparenchymatous. Hymenophoral trama composed mainly of large nests of sphaerocytes and few hyphal elements. Pileipellis orthochromatic in Cresyl Blue, sharply delimited from the underlying sphaerocytes of the context, 140–150 μm thick, twolayered; subpellis 65–70 μm deep, composed of more or less densely intermixed, horizontally oriented hyphae and dispersed pileocystidia; suprapellis pseudoparenchymatous, an ixo-palisade, 75–80 μm thick, mainly composed of ascending to erect, densely septate hyphal extremities forming chains of mostly strongly inflated cells. Acidoresistant incrustations absent. Hyphal terminations near the pileus margin thin-walled, composed of chains of 3–5 cells, sometimes branched at the terminal cells; terminal cells (12–)13.9–20.6–27.3(–42) × 7–10.1–12.9(–19) μm, mainly clavate to subglobose or cylindrical with rounded apex; subterminal cells inflated or cylindrical. Hyphal terminations in the pileus center also thinwalled, rarely branched at the subterminal cells; terminal cells measuring (11–)14.3–19.9–25.5(–36) × 6–9.1–12.2(–18) μm, mainly cylindrical or clavate; subterminal cells mainly cylindrical or inflated. Pileocystidia near the pileus margin single celled, long, flexuous, thin-walled, (40–)35.1–57.3–79.4(– 104) × 5–6.1–7.2(–8) μm, mainly cylindrical, apically mainly obtuse-rounded; contents finely crystalline with refractive granular bodies, turning gray-black in sulfovanillin. Pileocystidia near the pileus center similar, but comparatively longer and broader, (42–)60–92.3–124(–140) × (5–)4.6–6.6–8.7(–10) μm, and sometimes with lateral projections. Oleiferous hyphae present in pileus context. Clamp connections absent from all tissues., Published as part of Ghosh, Aniket, Buyck, Bart, Das, Kanad, Bera, Ishika & Chakraborty, Dyutiparna, 2022, Two new Asian species of Russula sect. Ingratae with unique basidiospore features for subg. Heterophyllidiae, pp. 104-120 in European Journal of Taxonomy 847 on pages 108-111, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.847.1985, http://zenodo.org/record/7374043

Species of Cantharellus subgenus Cantharellus are interesting and important for their mycorrhizal properties, medicinal values, and edibility. In China, there are many undescribed species of the subgenus. In this study, four new species of subg. Cantharellus, viz. Cantharellus albopileatus, Cantharellus chuiweifanii, Cantharellus pinetorus, and Cantharellus ravus from Hainan and Hunan Provinces, respectively, were described based on morphological and phylogenetic evidence as a contribution to the knowledge of the species diversity in China. Detailed descriptions, color photographs of fresh basidiomata, and line drawings of microstructures of these four new species are presented as well as comparisons with related species.

111. Ilytheomyces uncinatus W. Rossi & M. Leonardi, sp. nov. (Fig. 1) DIAGNOSIS. — Differs from all fifteen previously described species in the same genus for the shape of the hooked pre-apical outgrowth. HOLOTYPE. — Nigeria. Ibadan, 13-24.VI.1977, leg. J. C. Deeming, on the sternites of Zeros fractivirgatus (Lamb) (Diptera, Ephydridae), holo-, FI (WR2357). INDEX FUNGORUM. — IF559552. ETYMOLOGY. — From Latin: hooked, because of the shape of the perithecial outgrowth. DESCRIPTION Receptacle Basal cell small, hyaline, irregularly shaped, prominent below the base of the appendage, lying side by side with the suprabasal cell, which is somewhat longer and almost wholly opaque. Appendage Relatively short, consisting of a linear series of 7-8 small, blackened cells, the second of which gives rise from its upper, inner angle to a very small, almost hyaline cell bearing distally two large, paired, elongate, brownish antheridia; the third cell bears a short, ramified branch with a few branchlets variably curved and opaque on the inner side; the other cells of the axis producing externally single short branches with recurved and hyaline extremities, which are disorganized in older specimens. Perithecium Stalk cell almost wholly opaque, slightly broader than long, narrower below. The basal cell region distinctly longer than the stalk cell, hyaline, except for a small, dark patch at the base of the secondary stalk cell. Perithecium grayish brown, asymmetrical, with the ventral margin distinctly convex and the dorsal almost straight; the tip very broad, rather abruptly distinguished on the ventral side, which is straight or concave, while the dorsal is slightly convex; the apex rounded and hyaline, subtended by a short, dark, suberect outgrowth ending in a small, paler hook. Measurements Length from foot to perithecial apex 110-125 µm; length from foot to tip of perithecial outgrowth 120-140 µm; appendage 50-60 µm; perithecium 55-65 × 23-30 µm. NOTES The genus Ilytheomyces includes to date 15 species, 11 of which were described from central and south America, 2 from Cameroon, and 2 from Malaysia (Thaxter 1917, 1918, 1931). All the host insects were reported as unidentified species of Ilythea (Diptera, Ephydridae). It must be pointed out that the latter genus has been split and some species have been transferred to the genus Zeros Cresson. The only finding of Ilytheomyces published in the 90 years following Thaxter’s work consists in 4 species reported from Bolivia on Zeros fenestralis (Cresson) (synonym of Ilythea fenestralis Cresson) (Rossi 1998). The new species is easily distinguishable from the other 15 species for the presence and shape of the hooked preapical outgrowth. The only two species previously reported from Africa are I. kamerunensis Thaxt. and I. falcatus Thaxt., both described from Cameroon. The first is further distinguished for the “monstrously developed basal cell region” and the very long outgrowth, the latter for its “strongly incurved” thallus and the absence of the preapical outgrowth (words in quotes are the same utilized by Thaxter 1931)., Published as part of Buyck, Bart, Eyssartier, Guillaume, Armada, François, Corrales, Adriana, Hembrom, Manoj Emanuel, Rossi, Walter, Bellanger, Jean-Michel, Das, Kanad, Dima, Bálint & Ghosh, Aniket, 2022, Fungal biodiversity profiles 111 - 120, pp. 23-61 in Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (2) on pages 25-26, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2022v43a2, http://zenodo.org/record/7828891, {"references":["THAXTER R. 1917. - New Laboulbeniales, chiefly dipterophilous American species. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 52 (10): 649 - 721.","THAXTER R. 1918. - Extra-American dipterophilous Laboulbeniales. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 53 (9): 697 - 749.","THAXTER R. 1931. - Contribution towards a monograph of the Laboulbeniaceae. Part V. Memoirs of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences XVI: 1 - 435","ROSSI W. 1998. - New or interesting Laboulbeniales parasitic on Diptera from Bolivia. Mycologia 90 (6): 1047 - 1054."]}

117. Phaeolus sharmae Hembrom, A. Parihar, K. Das & A. Ghosh, sp. nov. (Figs 13-15) DIAGNOSIS. — Differs from other Phaeolus by its habitat as it grows in the upper part of its host tree Abies densa Griff. at high altitude in the Himalayas, also by its basidiomata with pinkish orange tainted hymenophore when young, duplex context, larger basidia (16- 53 × 7-12 µm) and basidiospores (6-11 × 6-7.8 µm). HOLOTYPE. — India. Sikkim, North district, Yumthang valley Shingba Rhododendron sanctuary, attached to the bark of a living tree trunk of A. densa Griff., 3470 m, 27°46’53.2”N, 88°42’34.8”E, 19.VII.2019, K. Das & M. E. Hembrom, KMA-19-014 (holo-, CAL [CAL1843]!). MYCOBANK. — MB 840191. GENBANK. — MT762941 (nrITS, holotype), MT762940 (nrITS, paratype); MT764209 (nrLSU, holotype), MT764236 (nrLSU, paratype). ETYMOLOGY. — Named in honour of J. R. Sharma for his contribution to Indian macrofungi. ADDITIONAL MATERIAL STUDIED. — India. Sikkim, North district, Dombang valley, on living tree trunk of A. densa Griff. attached to bark, 3540 m, 27°46’06.2”N, 88°48’21.3”E, 20.VII.2019, K. Das, M. E. Hembrom & A. Parihar, KMA-19-026 (CAL 1844). DESCRIPTION Basidiomata Annual, lignicolous, narrowly and loosely attached to host, single or imbricate, up to 100 mm broad, 150 mm wide and 20-50 mm thick, spongiose watery to leathery and heavy when fresh, rigid to brittle and lightweight when dry. Pileus 70-190 × 70-320 mm, 8-20 mm thick near base, sessile, spathulate to applanate when young, then gradually becoming semicircular to almost dimidiate; upper surface covered with dense hispid hairs forming a thick tomentum in actively growing regions, glabrous and rough in older parts, concentrically zonate, weakly sulcate, mustard yellow to olive yellow (3B6-C7) when young, turning light brown to brown (7D5- E6) when mature; finally, becoming pale reddish brown to blackish with age. Margin Sterile, up to 3 mm wide, acute to obtuse, entire to more or less undulating, sometimes forming narrow lobes, distinctly incurved when dry, lemon yellow or yellowish when actively growing, turning concolorous to pileus surface at maturity. Hymenophore Poroid to irpicoid to often daedaleoid near base; pores 1-2 per mm, often widening up to 3-4 mm in mature parts while staying minute towards pileus margin, glancing, pinkish orange to ochraceous orange when young, then gradually changing into almost yellowish brown to sulphur yellow, finally becoming darker coffee brown with age, turning charcoal black when bruised. Context 5-10 mm wide, divided in a compact lower and loose upper partthat are not separated by a black demarcation line, spongy to cheese-like when fresh, often fibrillose, becoming hard and brittle on drying, light brown to brown (7D5-E6) to dark reddish brown in the lower compact part, upper loose part and tomentum light brown (7D4-6). Tubes 3-10 mm long, distinct from context, yellowish brown or concolorous with the context, brittle on drying, orange to dark blonde (5C5-D4) when young, then turning brown to dark brown (7E3-F4) when mature; dissepiments thin, entire to lacerate. Hyphal system of context Monomitic, generative hyphae 3-15 µm wide, simple septate, frequently to occasionally branched, thin- to thick-walled (Hymenophoral trama Composed of parallel and compactly arranged, thin- (mostly) to moderately thick-walled generative hyphae mixed with submerged gloeocystidial hyphae; generative hyphae 2-6 µm wide; submerged gloeocystidial hyphae 40-105 × 4-10 µm, septate, unbranched (mostly) to rarely branched, thin-walled, smooth, pale coffee brown to dark brown, filled with dense cytoplasmic contents. Hymenial gloeocystidia Measuring 10-105 × 4-15 µm, clavate to cylindrical, irregularly capitate, thin- to moderately thick-walled, smooth, projected up to 55 µm beyond hymenial layer, filled with dense pale yellowish contents before becoming empty in older specimens. Basidia 16-53 × 7-12 µm, clavate to pedicellate-clavate, thin-walled, smooth, 4-spored; sterigmata 6-8 µm long, hyaline. Basidiospores 6-(8.97)-11 × 6-(6.75)-7.8 µm, Q = 1-(1.32)-1.57, ellipsoid to ovoid, thin-walled, smooth, distinctly apiculate, hyaline, acyanophilic, inamyloid. NOTES During fungal forays to the North district of Sikkim in 2018 and 2019, three of us (KD, MEH and AP) repeatedly came across populations of an unknown species growing on bark of standing trees of Abies densa. This species is quite distinct based on phylogenetic analyses including obtained ITS & LSU sequences that place it sister to Phaeolus schweinitzii, a species widely distributed in the northern hemisphere (Gilbertson & Ryvarden 1987; Ryvarden & Gilbertson 1994; Núñez & Ryvarden 2001; Sharma 2012; Prasher 2015). Within Polyporales, species of Phaeolus (Pat.) Pat. are easily confused with various xanthochoric polypores but the genus is phylogenetically distinct and causes a brown rot. Within family Laetiporaceae, Phaeolus can be separated from Laetiporus Murrill and Wolfiporia Ryvarden & Gilb. because these lack gloeoplerous elements. Also Inonotus hispidus (Bull.) P. Karst., which lacks hymenial setae and forms lightweight, brittle basidiocarps with a strongly hispid pileus surface and large hymenial pores, may resemble our species in the field. Yet, it equally lacks gloeoplerous elements in context and hymenium. Phaeolus harbours six species, half of these described by Patouillard, from which P. sharmae sp. nov. can be distinguished by its combination of having broadly attached basidiomata with rough pilear surface forming irregular papillae, a shiny pinkish orange young hymenophore and larger basidia and basidiospores. Berkley’s (1845), Léveillé’s (1844) and Patouillard’s (1900) descriptions for P. tabulaeformis (Berk.) Pat., P. javanicus (Pat.) Henn., and the description of P. rigidus (Lév.) Pat. lack microscopic details to compare these with our species. Moreover, P. tabulaeformis has been considered as synonym of P. schweinitzii (Overholts 1953; Bakshi 1971). The African Phaeolus manihotis R. Heim has stipitate (6-7 × 3-4 mm) basidiomata and minute basidia (11-14 × 6-8 µm) and smaller spores (5.5-7 × 3.2-4.3µm) (Heim 1931). The medium sized (up to 60 × 50 × 10 mm), laterally stipitate (40 × 20 mm) basidiomata with whitish yellow context and smaller basidiospores (5-6 × 4-4.3 µm) of P. amazonica M. A. De Jesus & Ryvarden (De Jesus & Ryvarden 2010) separate it from our novel species, while P. subbulbipes (Henn.) O. Fidalgo & M. Fidalgo possesses much smaller spores (3.5-4 µm). In our combined (nrITS+nrLSU) phylogenetic analysis (Fig. 1), our species appeared as sister to the American, European and Asian samples of P. schweinitzii (Fr.) Pat. But P. sharmae sp. nov. always occupies upper parts of living tree trunks and branches rather than growing on the ground or on bases of trees as found in P. schweinitzii (Overholts 1953; Gilbertson & Ryvarden 1987; Zhao & Zhang 1992; Sharma 2012). The distinctly shiny pinkish orange hymenophore that changes on bruising, observed in young specimens of our species, is also worth mentioning, along with its non-decurrent tubes attached to a duplex context, thus clearly distinguishing it from P. schweinitzii (Overholts 1953; Ryvarden & Gilbertson 1994; Sharma 2012; Ryvarden & Melo 2014) where context is homogeneous and continuous with tube layer. Microscopically, the larger basidiospores (6-11 × 6-7.8 µm) and basidia (16-53 × 7-12 µm) distinguish our species from P.schweinitzii (usually with spores 5.5-9 × 2-5.6 µm and basidia 20-30 × 6-8 µm) known from India and abroad (Overholts 1953; Bakshi 1971; Ryvarden & Johansen 1980; Gilbertson & Ryvarden 1987; Zhao & Zhang 1992; Ryvarden & Gilbertson 1994; Sharma 2012; Ryvarden & Melo 2014). Another Indian report of P. schweinitzii made by Prasher (2015) from Shimla Himachal Pradesh should be recollected and re-examined under the light of phylogenetic estimations as sizes of basidiospores (6-11.5 × 4-6.8 µm) and clavate basidia (12.4-15.3 × 5-6.8 µm) are deviating from report of similar kind of standard Indian and extralimital materials (Overholts 1953; Bakshi 1971; Ryvarden & Johansen 1980; Gilbertson & Ryvarden 1987; Zhao & Zhang 1992; Ryvarden & Gilbertson 1994; Sharma 2012; Ryvarden & Melo 2014)., Published as part of Buyck, Bart, Eyssartier, Guillaume, Armada, François, Corrales, Adriana, Hembrom, Manoj Emanuel, Rossi, Walter, Bellanger, Jean-Michel, Das, Kanad, Dima, Bálint & Ghosh, Aniket, 2022, Fungal biodiversity profiles 111 - 120, pp. 23-61 in Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (2) on pages 38-40, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2022v43a2, http://zenodo.org/record/7828891, {"references":["EDLER D., KLEIN J., ANTONELLI A. & SILVESTRO D. 2021. - raxmlGUI 2.0: A graphical interface and toolkit for phylogenetic analyses using RAxML. 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Phytotaxa 204: 277 - 286. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 204.4.4","CHEN Y. Y. & CUI B. K. 2015. - Phylogenetic analysis and taxonomy of the Antrodia heteromorpha complex in China. Mycoscience 57 (1). https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. myc. 2015.07.003","SONG J., CHEN Y. Y., CUI B. K., LIU H. G. & WANG Y. Z. 2014. - Morphological and molecular evidence for two new species of Laetiporus (Basidiomycota, Polyporales) from southwestern China. Mycologia 106: 1039 - 1050. https: // doi. org / 10.3852 / 13 - 402","LINDNER D. L. & BANIK M. T. 2008. - Molecular phylogeny of Laetiporus and other brown rot polypore genera in North America. Mycologia 100: 417 - 430. https: // doi. org / 10.3852 / 07 - 124 R 2","SHEN L. L., LIU H. X. & CUI B. K. 2015. - Morphological characters and molecular data reveal two new species of Postia (Basidiomycota) from China. Mycological Progress 14: 7. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 11557 - 015 - 1032 - 4","BERKLEY M. J. 1845. - Decades of Fungi, Dec VIII-X. London Journal of Botany 4: 298 - 315.","LEVEILLE M. J. - H. 1844. - Champignons Exotiques. Annales des sciences naturelles serie 3 2: 167 - 221.","PATOUILLARD N. 1900. - Essai taxonomique sur les familles et les genres des Hymenomycetes. Universite de Paris, Lons-le-Saunier, 184 p.","OVERHOLTS L. O. 1953. - Polyporaceae of the United States, Alaska and Canada. The University of Michigan Press, 466 p.","BAKSHI B. K. 1971. - Indian Polyporaceae (on Trees and Timber). I. C. A. R., New Delhi, 246 p.","HEIM R. 1931. - Les Phaeolus manihotis sp. nov., parasite du manioc a Madagascar et consideration sur le genre Phaeolus Pat. Annales de Cryptogamie exotique 4: 175 - 189.","DE JESUS M. & RYVARDEN L. 2010. - Studies in neotropical polypores 28. Two new species from Amazonas, Brazil. Synopsis Fungorum 27: 73 - 77.","ZHAO J. D. & ZHANG X. Q. 1992. - The polypores of China. Bibliotheca Mycologica 145: 1 - 534.","RYVARDEN L. & MELO I. 2014. - Poroid fungi of Europe. Synopsis Fungorum 31: 1 - 455.","RYVARDEN L. & JOHANSEN I. 1980. - A preliminary polypore flora of East Africa. Fungiflora, Oslo, 636 p."]}

116. Inocybe leucophaea Eyssart. & Buyck, sp. nov. (Figs 11; 12) DIAGNOSIS. — Differs from Inocybe subclavata in its larger spores with less prominent knobs, its distinctly thicker-walled cystidia and its association with trees from the African miombo woodland. HOLOTYPE. — Zambia. Near Lusaka, gregarious, in strongly degraded miombo woodland, 08.II.1996, Eyssartier 96095 (holo-, P [PC0088783]). INDEX FUNGORUM. — IF558793. GENBANK. — EU569860 (LSU), EU569859 (rpb 1). ETYMOLOGY. — Named after the general colors of the basidiomata, from ancient greek leukos, “white”, and phaios, “dusky”. DESCRIPTION Pileus Measuring (8)12-20(30) mm in diam., conical obtuse with inflexed margin or conico-campanulate, often with a broad umbo topped by another very small and obtuse one, sometimes totally absent, the young very pale by a white veil, sometimes greyish, then the margin becomes beige, slightly ochraceous but always pale, even in the young stages, soon fibrillose slightly rimose towards the margin, which is a little bit incised and paler by the veil. Lamellae Quite close, (1.5) 2-3 mm broad, emarginate, white in the young stages then ocraceous greyish, ocraceous beige, quite pale. Stipe 35-60(65) × 3-4(6) mm, bulbous, marginate, whitish, pale beige to straw-yellow, pruinose. Flesh Pale, whitish. Odor Slightly honey-like. Taste Mild, slightly herbaceous. Spores Nodulose, with (6)7-8(9) obtuse swellings, (7)8-9(10.5)× (5)6- 7(8) µm, few spores quite larger, up to 12-14 × 8-9 µm (possibly from 2-spored basidia?). Basidia 4-spored, clavate, (18)20-25 × 8-9 µm. Paracystidia Clavate, small, 15-20 × 8-9 (10) µm. Cheilocystidia Pyriform with a very obtuse base, or broadly lageniform, with very thickened walls, up to 4 (-4.5) µm, very slightly coloured in 10 % ammonia. Pleurocystidia Similar to cheilocystidia. Pileipellis A cutis of cylindrical hyphae, (3)5-7(10) µm broad, without clear pigment, very slightly incrusted. Clamp connections Present in all parts. NOTES Inocybe leucophaea sp. nov. was part of the multigene phylogenetic analyses published by Matheny et al. (2009) where it was part of a highly supported African clade together with two other species collected by us: I. glaucodisca Buyck & Eyssart. (Buyck & Eyssartier 1999) for which the LSU sequence is 98.2% similar for 100 % coverage, while it was placed sister to I. densifolia nom. prov. (similarity 99 % for 100 % coverage). This African clade was placed sister with high support to a neotropical clade composed of I. antillana Pegler and I. xerophytica Pegler (see Pegler 1983). The phylogenetic analyses based on LSU sequences in Horak et al. (2015) still grouped with high support I. glaucodisca, I. densifolia nom. prov. and I. leucophaea sp. nov., but lacked support for the deeper nodes that suggested close affinities with other Inocybe from the African miombo woodlands such as I. conspicuospora Buyck & Eyssart or the still undescribed I. velatorimosa nom. prov. Inocybe subclavata (E. Horak) Garrido closely resembles Inocybe leucophaea sp. nov., particularly in general habit, colour and presence of an abundant veil, but differs in its marginate stipe, and the smaller spores with less numerous and more prominent knobs, its distinctly thinnerwalled cystidia and the association with Nothofagus in New Zealand (Horak 2018)., Published as part of Buyck, Bart, Eyssartier, Guillaume, Armada, François, Corrales, Adriana, Hembrom, Manoj Emanuel, Rossi, Walter, Bellanger, Jean-Michel, Das, Kanad, Dima, Bálint & Ghosh, Aniket, 2022, Fungal biodiversity profiles 111 - 120, pp. 23-61 in Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (2) on page 36, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2022v43a2, http://zenodo.org/record/7828891, {"references":["MATHENY P. B., AIME M. C, BOUGHER N. L., BUYCK B., DESJARDIN D. E., HORAK E., KROPP B. R., LODGE D. J., TRAPPE J. M. & HIBBETT D. S. 2009. - Out of the palaeotropics? Historical biogeography and diversification of the cosmopolitan mushroom family Inocybaceae. Journal of Biogeography 36: 577 - 592. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2699.2008.02055. x","BUYCK B. & EYSSARTIER G. 1999. - Two new species of Inocybe (Cortinariaceae) from African woodland. Kew Bulletin 54: 675 - 681. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 4110863","PEGLER D. N. 1983. - Agaric Flora of the Lesser Antilles. Kew Bulletin Additional Series IX: 1 - 668.","HORAK E., MATHENEY P. B., DESJARDIN D. E. & SOYTONG K. 2015. - The genus Inocybe (Inocybaceae, Agaricales, Basidiomycota) in Thailand and Malaysia. Phytotaxa 230 (3): 201 - 238.","HORAK E. 2018. - Agaricales (Basidiomycota) of New Zealand, 2. Brown spored genera. Fungi of New Zealand 6: 1 - 205."]}

113. Entoloma nigroflavescens Armada, Bellanger, Noordel. & Dima, sp. nov. (Figs 2; 5; 6) DIAGNOSIS. — Entoloma nigroflavescens Armada, Bellanger, Noordel. & Dima, sp. nov. can be distinguished from E. turci, which frequently occurs in similar habitats, by the finely roughened, innately fibrillose stipe, the absence of red staining at stipe base, and the absence of cheilocystidia. HOLOTYPE. — France. Savoie, Bourg-Saint-Maurice, Arc 2000, secteur du lac Marlou, 2500 m alt., leg. F. Armada, 21.VIII.2018, holo-, LY (FA 4277). MYCOBANK. — MB 840118. GENBANK. — MZ198884 (ITS holotype). ETYMOLOGY. — Nigrus for black and flavescens for yellowing, referring to the colour and colour change of the pileus. ADDITIONAL MATERIAL STUDIED. — France. Savoie, Peisey-Nancroix, secteur du col de la Chal, 2500 m alt., leg. F. & E. Armada, 17.VIII.2010, LY(FA 1726), ITS[MZ198883]. DESCRIPTION Pileus 9-22 mm, convex to plano-convex, with slightly inflexed margin, very variably shaped, sometimes umbilicate, with a small central umbo, or with irregular, undulating margin, not hygrophanous, not translucently striate, entirely very dark blackish brown to sepia brown at first, later on more yellow brown at margin, finally most of the pileus yellow brown with dark brownishblack centre; entirely rugose-tomentose to rimulose-fibrillose at first, breaking up in appressed squamules all over with age. Lamellae Rather distant, adnate-emarginate, thin or somewhat thick, ventricose, up to 3.5 mm broad, frequently intervenose, sordid white to greyish white, then sordid pinkish brown with an entire, thickened, concolorous edge. Stipe 16-38 × 1.5-3.5 mm, equal, cylindrical, straight or curved, early fistulose, almost white when young, then beige-yellowish to pale yellow brown, minutely pruinose/punctate when young, glabrescent, never strictly polished but with fine, innate fibrils, base attenuate or slightly enlarged, slightly white tomentose, no reddening observed. Context Very thin, fragile, concolorous with surface, white inside, not reddening. Odour Weak or vaguely farinaceous. Taste None. Basidiospores (9)10.5-12.5 × (6.7)7.0-8.5(9) µm, heterodiametrical, irregularly 7-8(9) angled, sometimes almost nodulose. Basidia 36-45 × 11.5-13 µm, 4-spored. Cheilocystidia Absent, lamella edge fertile. Pileipellis A cutis with transitions to a trichoderm, with clavate terminal elements, 30-90 × 13-24 µm. Pigment brown, intracellular. Clamp-connections Absent. Habitat In alpine zone, on mossy soil amongst Salix herbacea, Polygonum viviparum, and Alchemilla pentaphyllea. Distribution Known from two different localities in the French Alps. NOTES Entoloma nigroflavescens sp. nov. is a remarkable species with its dark, blackish brown basidiomata, which develop yellow tinges when maturing, and the fertile lamella edge without cystidia. In the ITS phylogeny it is a sister species to E. perasprellum, a recently described new species from the Alps, with a blue, polished stipe, reminiscent of E. asprellum (Dima et al. 2021). Entoloma nigroflavescens sp. nov. can be distinguished from E. turci which frequently occurs in similar habitats, by the finely roughened, innately fibrillose stipe, the absence of red staining at stipe base, and the absence of cheilocystidia., Published as part of Buyck, Bart, Eyssartier, Guillaume, Armada, François, Corrales, Adriana, Hembrom, Manoj Emanuel, Rossi, Walter, Bellanger, Jean-Michel, Das, Kanad, Dima, Bálint & Ghosh, Aniket, 2022, Fungal biodiversity profiles 111 - 120, pp. 23-61 in Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (2) on pages 29-31, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2022v43a2, http://zenodo.org/record/7828891

115. Inocybe media Eyssart. & Buyck, sp. nov. (Figs 9; 10) DIAGNOSIS. — Differs from other species of the asterospora - pileosulcata clade in its smooth or irregularly angled spores, and its habitat corresponding to the African miombo woodlands. HOLOTYPE. — Zambia. Along Luanshya-Ibenga road, gregarious in very young miombo woodland with Uapaca pilosa and U. kirkiana, 3.II.1996, Eyssartier 96083, BB 96.285 (holo-, P [PC0088770]). INDEX FUNGORUM. — IF578795. GENBANK. — EU600884 (LSU). ETYMOLOGY. — Name formed by reference to the shape of the spores, intermediate between the smooth and the gibbous type, form the latin media, “intermediate, which is between two”. DESCRIPTION Pileus Measuring 15-20 mm in diam., conico-campanulate with a large obtuse umbo that is pruinose from a white veil, clear ochraceous beige, pale beige brown with a reddish brown tinge or honey, even at the centre, towards the margin fibrillose, sometimes a little bit rimose. Lamellae Ascendant, 2-3 mm broad, emarginate, quite close, a pale beige ochraceous with white edges. Stipe 30-40 × 2-3 mm, sometimes flexuous, bulbous marginate (up to 4.5-6 mm), pale beige, white beige, pruinose lenghtwise. Context White in the pileus and the base of the stipe, subconcolorous in the stipe. Smell Very faint. Taste A little bit herbaceous. Spores Of particular shape, smooth or irregularly angled with few inconspicuous nodules, intermediate between the smooth and the gibbose types, (8)9-12(13) × (5)5.5-6.5(7) µm. Basidia Clavate, 4(2)-spored, 25-30 × 8-10 µm. Paracystidia Clavate, (13)15-20(25) × 7-8(10) µm. Hymenial cystidia Very similar on sides and edge of gills, lageniform to broadly lageniform, (45)50-60(65) × 15-20(25) µm, with very thickened walls, (2)3-4 µm, up to 5 µm in the upper part; colourless or almost so in 10 % ammonia. Pileipellis A cutis of subcylindrical or slightly inflated hyphae, 3-8 µm broad, broadened to 12-15 µm towards the underlying layer. Pigment brown yellowish, distinctly incrusting. Clamp connections Present in all parts. NOTES Although only a LSU sequence has been published for Inocybe media sp. nov., the species was part of multigene phylogenetic analyses (Matheny et al. 2009) where it is placed in a terminal clade with I. pileosulcata E. Horak, Matheny & Desjardin from Thailand, and with the European I. napipes J. E. Lange (Horak et al. 2015). Inocybe pileosulcata is associated with Dipterocarpus and is morphologically similar to the European Inocybe asterospora Quél., with which it was once confused (Horak 1979) and both species probably belongs to the same clade. All the abovementioned Inocybe have clearly gibbose spores with prominent knobs: Inocybe media sp. nov. is thus distinguished by its singular spores, of intermediate form between the smooth and gibbose type., Published as part of Buyck, Bart, Eyssartier, Guillaume, Armada, François, Corrales, Adriana, Hembrom, Manoj Emanuel, Rossi, Walter, Bellanger, Jean-Michel, Das, Kanad, Dima, Bálint & Ghosh, Aniket, 2022, Fungal biodiversity profiles 111 - 120, pp. 23-61 in Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (2) on pages 34-36, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2022v43a2, http://zenodo.org/record/7828891, {"references":["MATHENY P. B., AIME M. C, BOUGHER N. L., BUYCK B., DESJARDIN D. E., HORAK E., KROPP B. R., LODGE D. J., TRAPPE J. M. & HIBBETT D. S. 2009. - Out of the palaeotropics? Historical biogeography and diversification of the cosmopolitan mushroom family Inocybaceae. Journal of Biogeography 36: 577 - 592. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2699.2008.02055. x","HORAK E., MATHENEY P. B., DESJARDIN D. E. & SOYTONG K. 2015. - The genus Inocybe (Inocybaceae, Agaricales, Basidiomycota) in Thailand and Malaysia. Phytotaxa 230 (3): 201 - 238.","HORAK E. 1979. - Astrosporina (Agaricales) in Indomalaya and Australasia. Persoonia 10: 157 - 205."]}