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3. Design, development and verification of the 30 and 44 GHz front-end modules for the Planck Low Frequency Instrument

Author

Davis, R. J., Wilkinson, A., Davies, R. D., Winder, W. F., Roddis, N., Blackhurst, E. J., Lawson, D., Lowe, S. R., Baines, C., Butlin, M., Galtress, A., Shepherd, D., Aja, B., Artal, E., Bersanelli, M., Butler, R. C., Castelli, C., Cuttaia, F., D'Arcangelo, O., Gaier, T., Hoyland, R., Kettle, D., Leonardi, R., Mandolesi, N., Mennella, A., Meinhold, P., Pospieszalski, M., Stringhetti, L., Tomasi, M., Valenziano, L., and Zonca, A.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

We give a description of the design, construction and testing of the 30 and 44 GHz Front End Modules (FEMs) for the Low Frequency Instrument (LFI) of the Planck mission to be launched in 2009. The scientific requirements of the mission determine the performance parameters to be met by the FEMs, including their linear polarization characteristics. The FEM design is that of a differential pseudo-correlation radiometer in which the signal from the sky is compared with a 4-K blackbody load. The Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) at the heart of the FEM is based on indium phosphide High Electron Mobility Transistors (HEMTs). The radiometer incorporates a novel phase-switch design which gives excellent amplitude and phase match across the band. The noise temperature requirements are met within the measurement errors at the two frequencies. For the most sensitive LNAs, the noise temperature at the band centre is 3 and 5 times the quantum limit at 30 and 44 GHz respectively. For some of the FEMs, the noise temperature is still falling as the ambient temperature is reduced to 20 K. Stability tests of the FEMs, including a measurement of the 1/f knee frequency, also meet mission requirements. The 30 and 44 GHz FEMs have met or bettered the mission requirements in all critical aspects. The most sensitive LNAs have reached new limits of noise temperature for HEMTs at their band centres. The FEMs have well-defined linear polarization characteristcs., Comment: 39 pages, 33 figures (33 EPS files), 12 tables. Planck LFI technical papers published by JINST: http://www.iop.org/EJ/journal/-page=extra.proc5/1748-0221

Published
2010
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14. Ambulatory blood pressure and arterial stiffness web-based telemonitoring in patients at cardiovascular risk. First results of the VASOTENS (Vascular health ASsessment Of The hypertENSive patients) Registry

Author

Omboni, S, Posokhov, I, Parati, G, Rogoza, A, Kotovskaya, Y, Arystan, A, Avolio, A, Barkan, V, Bulanova, N, Cardona Munoz, E, Grigoricheva, E, Konradi, A, Minyukhina, I, Muiesan, M, Mule, G, Orlova, I, Pereira, T, Peixoto Maldonado, J, Statsenko, M, Tilea, I, Waisman, G, Forcada, P, Zelveian, P, Butlin, M, Barin, E, Tan, I, Ghiadoni, L, Bruno, R, Sarzani, R, Espinosa, E, Volpe, M, Savoia, C, Tocci, G, Borghi, C, Schillaci, G, Pucci, G, Paini, A, Rizzoni, D, Ramos, C, Alanis, A, Varga, A, Volkov, D, Kurlykina, N, Rotar, O, Orlov, A, Gorbunov, V, Boytsov, S, Fedorova, E, Korneva, V, Kuznetsova, T, Kulikova, N, Evdokimov, V, Kuznetsova, A, Zheleznyak, E, Kobalava, Z, Borisova, I, Svetozarsky, T, Gubanova, M, Lazareva, V, Derevyanchenko, M, Kopylov, P, Sirenko, Y, Recovets, O, Omboni S., Posokhov I., Parati G., Rogoza A., Kotovskaya Y., Arystan A., Avolio A., Barkan V., Bulanova N., Cardona Munoz E., Grigoricheva E., Konradi A., Minyukhina I., Muiesan M. L., Mule G., Orlova I., Pereira T., Peixoto Maldonado J. M., Statsenko M. E., Tilea I., Waisman G., Forcada P., Zelveian P., Butlin M., Barin E., Tan I., Ghiadoni L., Bruno R. M., Sarzani R., Espinosa E., Volpe M., Savoia C., Tocci G., Borghi C., Schillaci G., Pucci G., Paini A., Rizzoni D., Ramos C., Alanis A., Varga A., Volkov D., Kurlykina N., Rotar O., Orlov A., Gorbunov V., Boytsov S., Fedorova E., Korneva V., Kuznetsova T., Kulikova N., Evdokimov V. V., Kuznetsova A., Zheleznyak E., Kobalava Z., Borisova I., Svetozarsky T., Gubanova M., Lazareva V., Derevyanchenko M. V., Kopylov P., Sirenko Y., Recovets O., Omboni, S, Posokhov, I, Parati, G, Rogoza, A, Kotovskaya, Y, Arystan, A, Avolio, A, Barkan, V, Bulanova, N, Cardona Munoz, E, Grigoricheva, E, Konradi, A, Minyukhina, I, Muiesan, M, Mule, G, Orlova, I, Pereira, T, Peixoto Maldonado, J, Statsenko, M, Tilea, I, Waisman, G, Forcada, P, Zelveian, P, Butlin, M, Barin, E, Tan, I, Ghiadoni, L, Bruno, R, Sarzani, R, Espinosa, E, Volpe, M, Savoia, C, Tocci, G, Borghi, C, Schillaci, G, Pucci, G, Paini, A, Rizzoni, D, Ramos, C, Alanis, A, Varga, A, Volkov, D, Kurlykina, N, Rotar, O, Orlov, A, Gorbunov, V, Boytsov, S, Fedorova, E, Korneva, V, Kuznetsova, T, Kulikova, N, Evdokimov, V, Kuznetsova, A, Zheleznyak, E, Kobalava, Z, Borisova, I, Svetozarsky, T, Gubanova, M, Lazareva, V, Derevyanchenko, M, Kopylov, P, Sirenko, Y, Recovets, O, Omboni S., Posokhov I., Parati G., Rogoza A., Kotovskaya Y., Arystan A., Avolio A., Barkan V., Bulanova N., Cardona Munoz E., Grigoricheva E., Konradi A., Minyukhina I., Muiesan M. L., Mule G., Orlova I., Pereira T., Peixoto Maldonado J. M., Statsenko M. E., Tilea I., Waisman G., Forcada P., Zelveian P., Butlin M., Barin E., Tan I., Ghiadoni L., Bruno R. M., Sarzani R., Espinosa E., Volpe M., Savoia C., Tocci G., Borghi C., Schillaci G., Pucci G., Paini A., Rizzoni D., Ramos C., Alanis A., Varga A., Volkov D., Kurlykina N., Rotar O., Orlov A., Gorbunov V., Boytsov S., Fedorova E., Korneva V., Kuznetsova T., Kulikova N., Evdokimov V. V., Kuznetsova A., Zheleznyak E., Kobalava Z., Borisova I., Svetozarsky T., Gubanova M., Lazareva V., Derevyanchenko M. V., Kopylov P., Sirenko Y., and Recovets O.

Abstract

The VASOTENS Registry is an international telehealth-based repository of 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitorings (ABPM) obtained through an oscillometric upper-arm BP monitor allowing combined estimation of some vascular biomarkers. The present paper reports the results obtained in 1200 participants according to different categories of CV risk. Individual readings were averaged for each recording and 24-hour mean of brachial and aortic systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), pulse wave velocity (PWV), and augmentation index (AIx) obtained. Peripheral and central BP, PWV and AIx values were increased in older participants (SBP only) and in case of hypertension (SBP and DBP). BP was lower and PWV and AIx higher in females. PWV was increased and BP unchanged in case of metabolic syndrome. Our results suggest that ambulatory pulse wave analysis in a daily life setting may help evaluate vascular health of individuals at risk for CV disease.

Published
2019

15. Ambulatory blood pressure and arterial stiffness web-based telemonitoring in patients at cardiovascular risk. First results of the VASOTENS (Vascular health ASsessment Of The hypertENSive patients) Registry

Author

Omboni S., Posokhov I., Parati G., Rogoza A., Kotovskaya Y., Arystan A., Avolio A., Barkan V., Bulanova N., Cardona Munoz E., Grigoricheva E., Konradi A., Minyukhina I., Muiesan M. L., Mule G., Orlova I., Pereira T., Peixoto Maldonado J. M., Statsenko M. E., Tilea I., Waisman G., Forcada P., Zelveian P., Butlin M., Barin E., Tan I., Ghiadoni L., Bruno R. M., Sarzani R., Espinosa E., Volpe M., Savoia C., Tocci G., Borghi C., Schillaci G., Pucci G., Paini A., Rizzoni D., Ramos C., Alanis A., Varga A., Volkov D., Kurlykina N., Rotar O., Orlov A., Gorbunov V., Boytsov S., Fedorova E., Korneva V., Kuznetsova T., Kulikova N., Evdokimov V. V., Kuznetsova A., Zheleznyak E., Kobalava Z., Borisova I., Svetozarsky T., Gubanova M., Lazareva V., Derevyanchenko M. V., Kopylov P., Sirenko Y., Recovets O., Borghi C, Omboni S., Posokhov I., Parati G., Rogoza A., Kotovskaya Y., Arystan A., Avolio A., Barkan V., Bulanova N., Cardona Munoz E., Grigoricheva E., Konradi A., Minyukhina I., Muiesan M.L., Mule G., Orlova I., Pereira T., Peixoto Maldonado J.M., Statsenko M.E., Tilea I., Waisman G., Forcada P., Zelveian P., Butlin M., Barin E., Tan I., Ghiadoni L., Bruno R.M., Sarzani R., Espinosa E., Volpe M., Savoia C., Tocci G., Borghi C., Schillaci G., Pucci G., Paini A., Rizzoni D., Ramos C., Alanis A., Varga A., Volkov D., Kurlykina N., Rotar O., Orlov A., Gorbunov V., Boytsov S., Fedorova E., Korneva V., Kuznetsova T., Kulikova N., Evdokimov V.V., Kuznetsova A., Zheleznyak E., Kobalava Z., Borisova I., Svetozarsky T., Gubanova M., Lazareva V., Derevyanchenko M.V., Kopylov P., Sirenko Y., Recovets O., Omboni, S, Posokhov, I, Parati, G, Rogoza, A, Kotovskaya, Y, Arystan, A, Avolio, A, Barkan, V, Bulanova, N, Cardona Munoz, E, Grigoricheva, E, Konradi, A, Minyukhina, I, Muiesan, M, Mule, G, Orlova, I, Pereira, T, Peixoto Maldonado, J, Statsenko, M, Tilea, I, Waisman, G, Forcada, P, Zelveian, P, Butlin, M, Barin, E, Tan, I, Ghiadoni, L, Bruno, R, Sarzani, R, Espinosa, E, Volpe, M, Savoia, C, Tocci, G, Borghi, C, Schillaci, G, Pucci, G, Paini, A, Rizzoni, D, Ramos, C, Alanis, A, Varga, A, Volkov, D, Kurlykina, N, Rotar, O, Orlov, A, Gorbunov, V, Boytsov, S, Fedorova, E, Korneva, V, Kuznetsova, T, Kulikova, N, Evdokimov, V, Kuznetsova, A, Zheleznyak, E, Kobalava, Z, Borisova, I, Svetozarsky, T, Gubanova, M, Lazareva, V, Derevyanchenko, M, Kopylov, P, Sirenko, Y, Recovets, O, and Borghi C

Subjects
Male, central aortic pressure, Non-Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, augmentation index, 0302 clinical medicine, arterial stiffness, blood pressure, blood pressure telemonitoring, hypertension, pulse wave velocity, vascular biomarkers, Diastole, Risk Factors, arterial stiffne, Prospective Studies, Registries, 030212 general & internal medicine, Pulse wave velocity, Aorta, Metabolic Syndrome, Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory, Middle Aged, Telemedicine, Cardiovascular Diseases, Ambulatory, cardiovascular system, Cardiology, Female, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Internet-Based Intervention, circulatory and respiratory physiology, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Ambulatory blood pressure, Systole, Pulse Wave Analysis, Vascular health, 03 medical and health sciences, Vascular Stiffness, Oscillometry, Internal medicine, Internal Medicine, medicine, Humans, Arterial Pressure, In patient, cardiovascular diseases, Aged, business.industry, medicine.disease, vascular biomarker, Cross-Sectional Studies, Blood pressure, Case-Control Studies, Arterial stiffness, Metabolic syndrome, business
Abstract

The VASOTENS Registry is an international telehealth-based repository of 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitorings (ABPM) obtained through an oscillometric upper-arm BP monitor allowing combined estimation of some vascular biomarkers. The present paper reports the results obtained in 1200 participants according to different categories of CV risk. Individual readings were averaged for each recording and 24-hour mean of brachial and aortic systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), pulse wave velocity (PWV), and augmentation index (AIx) obtained. Peripheral and central BP, PWVand AIx values were increased in older participants (SBP only) and in case of hypertension (SBP and DBP). BP was lower and PWVand AIx higher in females. PWV was increased and BP unchanged in case of metabolic syndrome. Our results suggest that ambulatory pulse wave analysis in a daily life setting may help evaluate vascular health of individuals at risk for CV disease.

Published
2019

16. Are Korotkoff Sounds Reliable Markers for Accurate Estimation of Systolic and Diastolic Pressure Using Brachial Cuff Sphygmomanometry?

Author

G Celler, B, Butlin, M, Argha, A, Tan, I, Yong, A, Avolio, A, G Celler, B, Butlin, M, Argha, A, Tan, I, Yong, A, and Avolio, A

Abstract

It is well known that non-invasive blood pressure measurements significantly underestimate true systolic blood pressure (SBP), and overestimate diastolic blood pressure (DBP). The aetiology for these errors has not yet been fully established. This study aimed to investigate the accuracy of Korotkoff sounds for detection of SBP and DBP points as used in brachial cuff sphygmomanometry. Brachial cuff pressure and Korotkoff sounds were obtained in 11 patients (6 males: 69.0 ± 6.2 years, 5 females: 71.8 ± 5.5 years) undergoing diagnostic coronary angiography. K2 Korotkoff sounds were obtained by high-pass filtering (>20 Hz) the microphone-recorded signal to eliminate low frequency components. Analysis of the timing of K2 Korotkoff sounds relative to cuff pressure and intra-arterial pressure shows that the onset of K2 Korotkoff sounds reliably detect the start of blood flow under the brachial cuff and their termination, marks the cuff pressure closely coincident with DBP. We have made the critical observation that blood flow under the cuff does not begin when cuff pressure falls just below SBP as is conventionally assumed, and that the delay in the opening of the artery following occlusion, and the consequent delay in the generation of K2 Korotkoff sounds, may lead to significant errors in the determination of SBP of up to 24 mmHg. Our data suggest a potential role of arterial stiffness as a major component of the errors recorded, with underestimation of SBP much more significant for subjects with stiff arteries than for subjects with more compliant arteries.

Published
2021

18. Nocturnal swallowing augments arousal intensity and arousal tachycardia

Author

Burke, PGR, Carter, SG, Knapman, F, Patti, J, Butlin, M, Gandevia, SC, Butler, JE, Eckert, DJ, Bilston, LE, Burke, PGR, Carter, SG, Knapman, F, Patti, J, Butlin, M, Gandevia, SC, Butler, JE, Eckert, DJ, and Bilston, LE

Abstract

Cortical arousal from sleep is associated with autonomic activation and acute increases in heart rate. Arousals vary considerably in their frequency, intensity/duration, and physiological effects. Sleep and arousability impact health acutely (daytime cognitive function) and long-term (cardiovascular outcomes). Yet factors that modify the arousal intensity and autonomic activity remain enigmatic. In this study of healthy human adults, we examined whether reflex airway defense mechanisms, specifically swallowing or glottic adduction, influenced cardiac autonomic activity and cortical arousal from sleep. We found, in all subjects, that swallows trigger rapid, robust, and patterned tachycardia conserved across wake, sleep, and arousal states. Tachycardia onset was temporally matched to glottic adduction-the first phase of swallow motor program. Multiple swallows increase the magnitude of tachycardia via temporal summation, and blood pressure increases as a function of the degree of tachycardia. During sleep, swallows were overwhelmingly associated with arousal. Critically, swallows were causally linked to the intense, prolonged cortical arousals and marked tachycardia. Arousal duration and tachycardia increased in parallel as a function of swallow incidence. Our findings suggest that cortical feedback and tachycardia are integrated responses of the swallow motor program. Our work highlights the functional influence of episodic, involuntary airway defense reflexes on sleep and vigilance and cardiovascular function in healthy individuals.

Published
2020

19. Pressure dependency of retinal arterial pulse wave velocity in the rat

Author

Rezaeian, M, Georgevsky, D, Golzan, SM, Graham, S, Avolio, A, Butlin, M, Rezaeian, M, Georgevsky, D, Golzan, SM, Graham, S, Avolio, A, and Butlin, M

Abstract

© 2020 Association for Research into Arterial Structure and Physiology. Publishing services by Atlantis Press International B.V. This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC 4.0 license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). Purpose: The retinal vasculature provides unique in vivo access to the microcirculation and presents the possibility of measuring small artery (retinal) stiffness using pulse wave velocity (PWV). This study investigates whether retinal artery PWV (rPWV) has a blood pressure (BP) dependency. Methods: Fundus videos from eight Sprague-Dawley rats aged 12 weeks were captured (Zeiss fundus microscope with high-speed camera, 125 fps, Optronis, Germany) simultaneously with aortic BP. Retinal artery diameter waveforms at proximal and distal sites were extracted and transit time calculated from the phase delay between frequency components (4–6 Hz, typical heart rate of rats) of the waveforms. rPWV was measured across a physiological range of mean arterial pressure (MAP): baseline (90–110 mmHg); 130 mmHg to baseline following systemic phenylephrine (PE) infusion (30 mg/kg/min); 130 mmHg to baseline during PE infusion with simultaneous inferior vena cava occlusion (VO); 70 mmHg to baseline following systemic sodium nitroprusside infusion; and 70 mmHg to baseline following VO. The correlation between retinal artery rPWV and BP was quantified. Results: There was a significant positive correlation between retinal artery rPWV and MAP as expected (0.19 mm/s/mmHg, R2 = 0.59, p < 0.001). There was a positive correlation between retinal and aortic PWV (R2 = 0.09, p = 0.03). Conclusion: The pressure dependency of the measured rPWV indicates the measure has utility in in vivo quantification of the impact on microvessels of cardiovascular diseases. To elucidate the predictive value of screening rPWV in systemic cardiovascular abnormalities, the relation needs to be investigated in humans.

Published
2020

27. A novel method for retinal vessel segmentation and diameter measurement using high speed video

Author

Rezaeian, M, Butlin, M, Golzan, SM, Graham, SL, Avolio, AP, Rezaeian, M, Butlin, M, Golzan, SM, Graham, SL, and Avolio, AP

Abstract

© 2019 IEEE. Studying dynamic characteristics of retinal vessels, as opposed to static measures, may provide additional insight into pathophysiological changes associated with local and systemic abnormalities such as glaucoma and hypertension. Various approaches have been developed to derive static biomarkers from retinal still images, but not many for dynamic analysis of video sequences. This study presents a novel method for the assessment of time-dependent diameter changes in high-speed videos (125 fps) from the rat retina. The proposed method is composed of a vessel segmentation and a diameter measurement module. The specificity and sensitivity of the segmentation method over 25 images were 95.1% and 97.3% respectively. The mean and standard deviation of the diameter measurement errors were -0.147±0.41 pixels over 100 measurements.

Published
2019

36. Systolic time intervals assessed from analysis of the carotid pressure waveform

Author

Salvi, P, Grillo, A, Tan, I, Simon, G, Salvi, L, Gao, L, Rovina, M, Butlin, M, Yang, Y, Meneghin, E, Meng, L, Faini, A, Barin, E, Pini, A, Carretta, R, Huo, Y, Avolio, A, Parati, G, Salvi, Paolo, Grillo, Andrea, Tan, Isabella, Simon, Giulia, Salvi, Lucia, GAO, LAN, Rovina, Matteo, Butlin, Mark, Yang, Ying, Meneghin, Erika, Meng, Lei, Faini, Andrea, Barin, Edward, Pini, Alessandro, Carretta, Renzo, Huo, Yong, Avolio, Alberto, Parati, Gianfranco, Salvi, P, Grillo, A, Tan, I, Simon, G, Salvi, L, Gao, L, Rovina, M, Butlin, M, Yang, Y, Meneghin, E, Meng, L, Faini, A, Barin, E, Pini, A, Carretta, R, Huo, Y, Avolio, A, Parati, G, Salvi, Paolo, Grillo, Andrea, Tan, Isabella, Simon, Giulia, Salvi, Lucia, GAO, LAN, Rovina, Matteo, Butlin, Mark, Yang, Ying, Meneghin, Erika, Meng, Lei, Faini, Andrea, Barin, Edward, Pini, Alessandro, Carretta, Renzo, Huo, Yong, Avolio, Alberto, and Parati, Gianfranco

Abstract

The timing of mechanical cardiac events is usually evaluated by conventional echocardiography as an index of cardiac systolic function and predictor of cardiovascular outcomes. We aimed to measure the systolic time intervals, namely the isovolumetric contraction time (ICT) and pre-ejection period (PEP), by arterial tonometry.

Published
2018

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