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24 results on '"Butler L.M."'

1. No association between circulating concentrations of vitamin D and risk of lung cancer: an analysis in 20 prospective studies in the Lung Cancer Cohort Consortium (LC3)

Author

Muller, D.C., Hodge, A.M., Fanidi, A., Albanes, D., Mai, X.M., Shu, X.O., Weinstein, S.J., Larose, T.L., Zhang, X., Han, J., Stampfer, M.J., Smith-Warner, S.A., Ma, J., Gaziano, J.M., Sesso, H.D., Stevens, V.L., McCullough, M.L., Layne, T.M., Prentice, R., Pettinger, M., Thomson, C.A., Zheng, W., Gao, Y.T., Rothman, N., Xiang, Y.B., Cai, H., Wang, R., Yuan, J.M., Koh, W.P., Butler, L.M., Cai, Q., Blot, W.J., Wu, J., Ueland, P.M., Midttun, Ø., Langhammer, A., Hveem, K., Johansson, M., Hultdin, J., Grankvist, K., Arslan, A.A., Le Marchand, L., Severi, G., and Brennan, P.

Published
2018
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3. Combined impact of lipidomic and genetic aberrations on clinical outcomes in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Author

Mak B., Lin H.-M., Kwan E.M., Fettke H., Tran B., Davis I.D., Mahon K., Stockler M.R., Briscoe K., Marx G., Zhang A., Crumbaker M., Tan W., Huynh K., Meikle T.G., Mellett N.A., Hoy A.J., Du P., Yu J., Jia S., Joshua A.M., Waugh D.J., Butler L.M., Kohli M., Meikle P.J., Azad A.A., Horvath L.G., Mak B., Lin H.-M., Kwan E.M., Fettke H., Tran B., Davis I.D., Mahon K., Stockler M.R., Briscoe K., Marx G., Zhang A., Crumbaker M., Tan W., Huynh K., Meikle T.G., Mellett N.A., Hoy A.J., Du P., Yu J., Jia S., Joshua A.M., Waugh D.J., Butler L.M., Kohli M., Meikle P.J., Azad A.A., and Horvath L.G.

Abstract

Background: Both changes in circulating lipids represented by a validated poor prognostic 3-lipid signature (3LS) and somatic tumour genetic aberrations are individually associated with worse clinical outcomes in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). A key question is how the lipid environment and the cancer genome are interrelated in order to exploit this therapeutically. We assessed the association between the poor prognostic 3-lipid signature (3LS), somatic genetic aberrations and clinical outcomes in mCRPC. Method(s): We performed plasma lipidomic analysis and cell-free DNA (cfDNA) sequencing on 106 men with mCRPC commencing docetaxel, cabazitaxel, abiraterone or enzalutamide (discovery cohort) and 94 men with mCRPC commencing docetaxel (validation cohort). Differences in lipid levels between men +/- somatic genetic aberrations were assessed with t-tests. Associations between the 3LS and genetic aberrations with overall survival (OS) were examined using Kaplan-Meier methods and Cox proportional hazard models. Result(s): The 3LS was associated with shorter OS in the discovery (hazard ratio [HR] 2.15, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4-3.3, p < 0.001) and validation cohorts (HR 2.32, 95% CI 1.59-3.38, p < 0.001). Elevated plasma sphingolipids were associated with AR, TP53, RB1 and PI3K aberrations (p < 0.05). Men with both the 3LS and aberrations in AR, TP53, RB1 or PI3K had shorter OS than men with neither in both cohorts (p <= 0.001). The presence of 3LS and/or genetic aberration was independently associated with shorter OS for men with AR, TP53, RB1 and PI3K aberrations (p < 0.02). Furthermore, aggressive-variant prostate cancer (AVPC), defined as 2 or more aberrations in TP53, RB1 and/or PTEN, was associated with elevated sphingolipids. The combination of AVPC and 3LS predicted for a median survival of ~12 months. The relatively small sample size of the cohorts limits clinical applicability and warrants future studies. Conclusion(s)

Published
2022

5. 635P Association of ceramide metabolism with resistance to androgen receptor signalling inhibitors in metastatic prostate cancer

Author

Lin, H-M., primary, Mak, B., additional, Huynh, K., additional, Kwan, E.M., additional, Fettke, H., additional, Tran, B., additional, Davis, I.D., additional, Mahon, K.L., additional, Stockler, M.R., additional, Briscoe, K., additional, Marx, G.M., additional, Du, P., additional, Yu, J., additional, Jia, S., additional, Joshua, A.M., additional, Azad, A.A., additional, Butler, L.M., additional, Meikle, P.J., additional, and Horvath, L.G., additional

Published
2021
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6. Relationship between caregivers' income generation activities and their children's animal source food intake

Author

Christian, Aaron K., Lartey, A., Colecraft, E.K., Marquis, G.S., Sakyi-Dawson, O., Ahunu, B., and Butler, L.M.

Subjects
Food consumption -- Methods, Income maintenance programs -- Management, Company business management, Agricultural industry, Food/cooking/nutrition, Health
Abstract

Enhancing Child Nutrition through Animal Source Food Management (ENAM) project provided financial and technical support for caregivers' Income Generation Activities (IGA) with the aim of increasing their access to Animal Source Foods (ASF) for improved child nutrition. Using baseline data from the ENAM project, this study assessed the relationship between the type of caregivers' IGA -whether it is related to ASF [ASF-R] or unrelated [ASF-U]--and the quantity and diversity of ASF consumed by their children. Structured questionnaire was used to obtain data on household socioeconomic and demographic characteristics and children's ASF consumption in the past week from 530 caregivers of children 2-to 5 years old in 12 communities in three agro-ecological zones of Ghana. A weighed food record of children's dietary intakes was also completed during two 12-hour home observations on a randomly selected sample of 117 children. Approximately 6% (n=32) of caregivers were not engaged in any IGA. Of the caregivers who were involved in an IGA (n=498), approximately one-third of them were engaged in an ASF-R IGA, such as selling smoked fish, selling eggs and the selling cooked food that included ASF. Caregivers (67%) were engaged in ASF-U IGA, such as crop farming, petty trading in non ASF items and artisanal work. The quantity and diversity of ASF consumed by the children did not differ (p=0.988 and p=0.593, respectively) by the type of caregiver IGA. However, after accounting for agro-ecological zone, being involved in an ASF-R IGA positively predicted children's ASF diversity (p Key words: Income-generation activity, Animal source foods, INTRODUCTION The high prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies among children in sub-Saharan Africa has been associated with diets low in Animal Source Foods (ASF) [1]. Compared to plant foods, ASF are [...]

Published
2012

7. Planning, design and implementation of the Enhancing Child Nutrition through Animal Source Food Management (ENAM) project

Author

Colecraft, Esi K., Marquis, G.S., Sakyi-Dawson, O., Lartey, A., Butler, L.M., Ahunu, B., Reddy, M.B., Jensen, H.H., Huff-Lonergan, E., and Canacoo, E.

Subjects
Microfinance -- Social aspects, Income maintenance programs -- Management, Company business management, Agricultural industry, Food/cooking/nutrition, Health
Abstract

The Global-Livestock Collaborative Research Support Program's (GL-CRSP) Child Nutrition Project, a controlled feeding trial in rural Kenya, demonstrated the importance of Animal Source Foods (ASF) for children's micronutrient status and cognitive development. These findings prompted research efforts to understand the constraints to ASF in children's diets in Africa so as to design targeted interventions to improve the ASF quality of children's diets. The Enhancing Child Nutrition through Animal Source Management (ENAM) project (2004-2009) emanated from participatory formative research that identified six principal constraints to the inclusion of Animal Source Foods (ASF) in children's diets in Ghana, including low income of caregivers, poor producer-consumer linkages, inadequate nutrition knowledge and skills of extension staff and caregivers, cultural beliefs, and inequitable household food distribution. To address these constraints, the ENAM project undertook a multidisciplinary community development, research and capacity building initiative with the goal of augmenting caregivers' access to and use of ASF in children's diets. Participatory processes were used to implement an integrated microcredit, entrepreneurship and nutrition education intervention with 181 caregivers of children 2- to 5-years old in six rural communities across three agro-ecological zones (Guinea Savannah, Forest-Savannah Transitional and Coastal Savannah) of Ghana. Six matched communities from the same ecological zones served as comparison sites. Quantitative methods that included surveys, child anthropometry, and dietary assessment as well as qualitative case studies were used to assess the effect of the intervention on household, caregiver and child outcomes of interest. This paper presents the key features of the planning, design and implementation of the community intervention and the research processes undertaken to assess the project's impacts. The ENAM project model presents a unique approach for addressing caregivers' income and knowledge barriers to improve child nutrition in rural Ghana and may be a promising intervention model for scale-up in Ghana and other African countries. Key words: Microcredit, Intervention, Animal source foods, INTRODUCTION The Global-Livestock Collaborative Research Support Program's (GL-CRSP) Child Nutrition Project, a controlled feeding trial in rural Kenya, assessed the effects of animal source foods (ASF) intake on children's cognitive, [...]

Published
2012

8. Dietary intakes and body mass indices of Non-Pregnant, Non-Lactating (NPNL) women from the coastal and Guinea Savannah zones of Ghana

Author

Kobati, Gloria Yvonne, Lartey, A., Marquis, G.S., Colecraft, E.K., and Butler, L.M.

Subjects
Food consumption -- Research, Poor women -- Food and nutrition, Body mass index -- Research, Agricultural industry, Food/cooking/nutrition, Health
Abstract

Adequate maternal nutrition prior to pregnancy is important for maternal health and favourable pregnancy outcomes. However, information on the dietary intakes of Non-Pregnant, Non-Lactating (NPNL) women in Ghana is lacking. A cross-sectional survey was undertaken to compare the dietary intakes of NPNL women of children aged 2 to 5 years who are either living in the Coastal (n = 79) or Guinea Savannah (n=89) zones. Data were collected using various methods namely interviewer-administered socio-demographic questionnaire, 24hr dietary recall records, with data collected on one working and one non-working day within a week, and a 1-week food frequency questionnaire. Body mass index was derived from height and weight measurements. Women in the Coastal Savannah zone had significantly (p = 0.05) more formal education (3.9 ± 2.5 years) and earned a higher (p < 0.001) weekly income (Gh cents 6.8 ± 2.7) than women in the Guinea Savannah zone with educational level and incomes of 2.2 ± 1.6 years and Gh cents 3.9 ± 2.4 respectively. More women in the Coastal zone had significantly (p < 0.05) fewer births and were heads of their households. Cereal-based foods were consumed daily by all women during the two-day observation period. Fish was the predominant animal source food in the diet in both zones. Significantly (p < 0.05) more women in the Guinea Savannah zone did not meet their Estimated Average Requirements (EAR) for protein (81%), vitamin A (94.4%), and vitamin C (72%) compared to women in the Coastal zone (44%, 22%, and 31% respectively).The diets of both groups of women were low in calcium. Generally, women in the Coastal zone had a significantly (p < 0.001) higher BMI (24.2 ± 4.6 kg/[m.sup.2]) than their counterparts in the Guinea Savannah zone (21.3 ± 2.4 kg/[m.sup.2]).The overall quality of dietary intakes and nutritional status of women in the Guinea Savannah zone was poorer than that of Coastal women. Dietary deficiencies are also present in NPNL women in Ghana. Efforts are needed to improve diet quality and to increase access to resources especially for women in the Guinea Savannah zone of Ghana. Key words: Dietary intakes, Non-pregnant non-lactating women, INTRODUCTION An estimated 120 million women in low-income countries are regarded as underweight on the basis of Body Mass Index, (BMI) being less than 18.5 kg/[m.sup.2] [1]. Micronutrient deficiencies are [...]

Published
2012

9. Overcoming enzalutamide resistance in metastatic prostate cancer by targeting sphingosine kinase.

Author

Lin H.-M., Mak B., Yeung N., Huynh K., Meikle T.G., Mellett N.A., Kwan E.M., Fettke H., Tran B., Davis I.D., Mahon K.L., Zhang A., Stockler M.R., Briscoe K., Marx G., Crumbaker M., Stricker P.D., Du P., Yu J., Jia S., Scheinberg T., Fitzpatrick M., Bonnitcha P., Sullivan D.R., Joshua A.M., Azad A.A., Butler L.M., Meikle P.J., Horvath L.G., Lin H.-M., Mak B., Yeung N., Huynh K., Meikle T.G., Mellett N.A., Kwan E.M., Fettke H., Tran B., Davis I.D., Mahon K.L., Zhang A., Stockler M.R., Briscoe K., Marx G., Crumbaker M., Stricker P.D., Du P., Yu J., Jia S., Scheinberg T., Fitzpatrick M., Bonnitcha P., Sullivan D.R., Joshua A.M., Azad A.A., Butler L.M., Meikle P.J., and Horvath L.G.

Abstract

Background: Intrinsic resistance to androgen receptor signalling inhibitors (ARSI) occurs in 20-30% of men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Ceramide metabolism may have a role in ARSI resistance. Our study's aim is to investigate the association of the ceramide-sphingosine-1-phosphate (ceramide-S1P) signalling axis with ARSI resistance in mCRPC. Method(s): Lipidomic analysis (~700 lipids) was performed on plasma collected from 132 men with mCRPC, before commencing enzalutamide or abiraterone. AR gene aberrations in 77 of these men were identified by deep sequencing of circulating tumour DNA. Associations between circulating lipids, radiological progression-free survival (rPFS) and overall survival (OS) were examined by Cox regression. Inhibition of ceramide-S1P signalling with sphingosine kinase (SPHK) inhibitors (PF-543 and ABC294640) on enzalutamide efficacy was investigated with in vitro assays, and transcriptomic and lipidomic analyses of prostate cancer (PC) cell lines (LNCaP, C42B, 22Rv1). Finding(s): Men with elevated circulating ceramide levels had shorter rPFS (HR=2.3, 95% CI=1.5-3.6, p = 0.0004) and shorter OS (HR=2.3, 95% CI=1.4-36, p = 0.0005). The combined presence of an AR aberration with elevated ceramide levels conferred a worse prognosis than the presence of only one or none of these characteristics (median rPFS time = 3.9 vs 8.3 vs 17.7 months; median OS time = 8.9 vs 19.8 vs 34.4 months). SPHK inhibitors enhanced enzalutamide efficacy in PC cell lines. Transcriptomic and lipidomic analyses indicated that enzalutamide combined with SPHK inhibition enhanced PC cell death by SREBP-induced lipotoxicity. Interpretation(s): Ceramide-S1P signalling promotes ARSI resistance, which can be reversed with SPHK inhibitors.Copyright © 2021 The Authors

Published
2021

10. Association of ceramide metabolism with resistance to androgen receptor signalling inhibitors in metastatic prostate cancer.

Author

Lin H.-M., Mak B., Huynh K., Kwan E.M., Fettke H., Tran B., Davis I.D., Mahon K.L., Stockler M.R., Briscoe K., Marx G.M., Du P., Yu J., Jia S., Joshua A.M., Azad A.A., Butler L.M., Meikle P.J., Horvath L.G., Lin H.-M., Mak B., Huynh K., Kwan E.M., Fettke H., Tran B., Davis I.D., Mahon K.L., Stockler M.R., Briscoe K., Marx G.M., Du P., Yu J., Jia S., Joshua A.M., Azad A.A., Butler L.M., Meikle P.J., and Horvath L.G.

Abstract

Background: Intrinsic resistance to androgen receptor signalling inhibitors (ARSI) such as enzalutamide and abiraterone occurs in 20-30% of men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), and responders will eventually develop resistance. Epidemiological, lipidomic and molecular studies suggest a role of ceramide metabolism in ARSI resistance. Our study aims to investigate the association of the ceramide-S1P (ceramide-S1P) signalling axis with ARSI resistance in mCRPC. Method(s): Lipidomic analysis (>700 lipids) was performed on plasma samples collected from 132 men with mCRPC before starting enzalutamide or abiraterone. AR gene aberrations were identified by deep sequencing of circulating tumour DNA on a subset of the cohort (n=77). Associations between circulating lipids, AR aberrations, radiological progression-free survival (rPFS) and overall survival (OS) were examined. The effect of inhibiting ceramide-S1P signalling with sphingosine kinase (SPHK) inhibitors (PF-543 & ABC294640) on enzalutamide efficacy was investigated with in vitro assays, and transcriptomic and lipidomic analyses of prostate cancer (PC) cell lines (LNCaP, C42B, 22Rv1). Result(s): Men with a plasma lipidomic profile of elevated levels of ceramides had shorter rPFS (HR 2.3, 95% CI 1.5-3.6, P = 0.0004), shorter OS (HR 2.3, 95% CI 1.4-3.6, P = 0.0005) and a higher frequency of AR aberrations (58% vs 33%, P = 0.04) than those with the opposite profile. The presence of an AR aberration combined with a lipidomic profile of elevated ceramides was associated with a shorter rPFS and OS, than the presence of only one of these characteristics, or none (median rPFS time = 3.9 vs 8.3 vs 17.7 months; median OS time = 8.9 vs 19.8 vs 34.4 months). SPHK inhibitors decreased the IC50 of enzalutamide in PC cell lines by 1.8 to 15 fold (P<0.0008). Transcriptomic and lipidomic analyses indicated that enzalutamide combined with SPHK inhibition enhanced PC cell death by SREBP-induced lipotoxicity

Published
2021

12. Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search

Author

Brown, P. Zhou, Y. Tan, A.-C. El-Esawi, M.A. Liehr, T. Blanck, O. Gladue, D.P. Almeida, G.M.F. Cernava, T. Sorzano, C.O. Yeung, A.W.K. Engel, M.S. Chandrasekaran, A.R. Muth, T. Staege, M.S. Daulatabad, S.V. Widera, D. Zhang, J. Meule, A. Honjo, K. Pourret, O. Yin, C.-C. Zhang, Z. Cascella, M. Flegel, W.A. Goodyear, C.S. van Raaij, M.J. Bukowy-Bieryllo, Z. Campana, L.G. Kurniawan, N.A. Lalaouna, D. Hüttner, F.J. Ammerman, B.A. Ehret, F. Cobine, P.A. Tan, E.-C. Han, H. Xia, W. McCrum, C. Dings, R.P.M. Marinello, F. Nilsson, H. Nixon, B. Voskarides, K. Yang, L. Costa, V.D. Bengtsson-Palme, J. Bradshaw, W. Grimm, D.G. Kumar, N. Martis, E. Prieto, D. Sabnis, S.C. Amer, S.E.D.R. Liew, A.W.C. Perco, P. Rahimi, F. Riva, G. Zhang, C. Devkota, H.P. Ogami, K. Basharat, Z. Fierz, W. Siebers, R. Tan, K.H. Boehme, K.A. Brenneisen, P. Brown, J.A.L. Dalrymple, B.P. Harvey, D.J. Ng, G. Werten, S. Bleackley, M. Dai, Z. Dhariwal, R. Gelfer, Y. Hartmann, M.D. Miotla, P. Tamaian, R. Govender, P. Gurney-Champion, O.J. Kauppila, J.H. Zhang, X. Echeverría, N. Subhash, S. Sallmon, H. Tofani, M. Bae, T. Bosch, O. Cuív, P.O. Danchin, A. Diouf, B. Eerola, T. Evangelou, E. Filipp, F. Klump, H. Kurgan, L. Smith, S.S. Terrier, O. Tuttle, N. Ascher, D.B. Janga, S.C. Schulte, L.N. Becker, D. Browngardt, C. Bush, S.J. Gaullier, G. Ide, K. Meseko, C. Werner, G.D.A. Zaucha, J. Al-Farha, A.A. Greenwald, N.F. Popoola, S.I. Rahman, S. Xu, J. Yang, S.Y. Hiroi, N. Alper, O.M. Baker, C.I. Bitzer, M. Chacko, G. Debrabant, B. Dixon, R. Forano, E. Gilliham, M. Kelly, S. Klempnauer, K.-H. Lidbury, B.A. Lin, M.Z. Lynch, I. Ma, W. Maibach, E.W. Mather, D.E. Nandakumar, K.S. Ohgami, R.S. Parchi, P. Tressoldi, P. Xue, Y. Armitage, C. Barraud, P. Chatzitheochari, S. Coelho, L.P. Diao, J. Doxey, A.C. Gobet, A. Hu, P. Kaiser, S. Mitchell, K.M. Salama, M.F. Shabalin, I.G. Song, H. Stevanovic, D. Yadollahpour, A. Zeng, E. Zinke, K. Alimba, C.G. Beyene, T.J. Cao, Z. Chan, S.S. Gatchell, M. Kleppe, A. Piotrowski, M. Torga, G. Woldesemayat, A.A. Cosacak, M.I. Haston, S. Ross, S.A. Williams, R. Wong, A. Abramowitz, M.K. Effiong, A. Lee, S. Abid, M.B. Agarabi, C. Alaux, C. Albrecht, D.R. Atkins, G.J. Beck, C.R. Bonvin, A.M.J.J. Bourke, E. Brand, T. Braun, R.J. Bull, J.A. Cardoso, P. Carter, D. Delahay, R.M. Ducommun, B. Duijf, P.H.G. Epp, T. Eskelinen, E.-L. Fallah, M. Farber, D.B. Fernandez-Triana, J. Feyerabend, F. Florio, T. Friebe, M. Furuta, S. Gabrielsen, M. Gruber, J. Grybos, M. Han, Q. Heinrich, M. Helanterä, H. Huber, M. Jeltsch, A. Jiang, F. Josse, C. Jurman, G. Kamiya, H. de Keersmaecker, K. Kristiansson, E. de Leeuw, F.-E. Li, J. Liang, S. Lopez-Escamez, J.A. Lopez-Ruiz, F.J. Marchbank, K.J. Marschalek, R. Martín, C.S. Miele, A.E. Montagutelli, X. Morcillo, E. Nicoletti, R. Niehof, M. O'Toole, R. Ohtomo, T. Oster, H. Palma, J.-A. Paterson, R. Peifer, M. Portilla, M. Portillo, M.C. Pritchard, A.L. Pusch, S. Raghava, G.P.S. Roberts, N.J. Ross, K. Schuele, B. Sergeant, K. Shen, J. Stella, A. Sukocheva, O. Uversky, V.N. Vanneste, S. Villet, M.H. Viveiros, M. Vorholt, J.A. Weinstock, C. Yamato, M. Zabetakis, I. Zhao, X. Ziegler, A. Aizat, W.M. Atlas, L. Bridges, K.M. Chakraborty, S. Deschodt, M. Domingues, H.S. Esfahlani, S.S. Falk, S. Guisado, J.L. Kane, N.C. Kueberuwa, G. Lau, C.L. Liang, D. Liu, E. Luu, A.M. Ma, C. Ma, L. Moyer, R. Norris, A.D. Panthee, S. Parsons, J.R. Peng, Y. Pinto, I.M. Reschke, C.R. Sillanpää, E. Stewart, C.J. Uhle, F. Yang, H. Zhou, K. Zhu, S. Ashry, M. Bergsland, N. Berthold, M. Chen, C.-E. Colella, V. Cuypers, M. Eskew, E.A. Fan, X. Gajda, M. Gonzálezlez-Prendes, R. Goodin, A. Graham, E.B. Groen, E.J.N. Gutiérrez-Sacristán, A. Habes, M. Heffler, E. Higginbottom, D.B. Janzen, T. Jayaraman, J. Jibb, L.A. Jongen, S. Kinyanjui, T. Koleva-Kolarova, R.G. Li, Z. Liu, Y.-P. Lund, B.A. Lussier, A.A. Ma, L. Mier, P. Moore, M.D. Nagler, K. Orme, M.W. Pearson, J.A. Prajapati, A.S. Saito, Y. Tröder, S.E. Uchendu, F. Verloh, N. Voutchkova, D.D. Abu-Zaid, A. Bakkach, J. Baumert, P. Dono, M. Hanson, J. Herbelet, S. Hobbs, E. Kulkarni, A. Kumar, N. Liu, S. Loft, N.D. Reddan, T. Senghore, T. Vindin, H. Xu, H. Bannon, R. Chen, B. Cheung, J.T.K. Cooper, J. Esnakula, A.K. Feghali, K.A. Ghelardi, E. Gnasso, A. Horbar, J. Lai, H.M. Li, J. Ma, L. Ma, R. Pan, Z. Peres, M.A. Pranata, R. Seow, E. Sydes, M. Testoni, I. Westermair, A.L. Yang, Y. Afnan, M. Albiol, J. Albuquerque, L.G. Amir, S. Amiya, E. Amorim, R.M. An, Q. Andersen, S.U. Aplin, J.D. Argyropoulos, C. Asmann, Y.W. Assaeed, A.M. Atanasov, A.G. Atchison, D.A. Avery, S.V. Avillach, P. Baade, P.D. Backman, L. Badie, C. Baldi, A. Ball, E. Bardot, O. Barnett, A.G. Basner, M. Batra, J. Bazanova, O.M. Beale, A. Beddoe, T. Bell, M.L. Berezikov, E. Berners-Price, S. Bernhardt, P. Berry, E. Bessa, T.B. Billington, C. Birch, J. Blakely, R.D. Blaskovich, M.A.T. Blum, R. Boelaert, M. Bogdanos, D. Bosch, C. Bourgoin, T. Bouvard, D. Boykin, L.M. Bradley, G. Braun, D. Brownlie, J. Brühl, A. Burt, A. Butler, L.M. Byrareddy, S.N. Byrne, H.J. Cabantous, S. Calatayud, S. Candal, E. Carlson, K. Casillas, S. Castelvetro, V. Caswell, P.T. Cavalli, G. Cerovsky, V. Chagoyen, M. Chen, C.-S. Chen, D.F. Chen, H. Chen, H. Chen, J.-T. Chen, Y. Cheng, C. Cheng, J. Chinapaw, M. Chinopoulos, C. Cho, W.C.S. Chong, L. Chowdhury, D. Chwalibog, A. Ciresi, A. Cockcroft, S. Conesa, A. Cook, P.A. Cooper, D.N. Coqueret, O. Corea, E.M. Costa, A. Costa, E. Coupland, C. Crawford, S.Y. Cruz, A.D. Cui, H. Cui, Q. Culver, D.C. D'Angiulli, A. Dahms, T.E.S. Daigle, F. Dalgleish, R. Danielsen, H.E. Darras, S. Davidson, S.M. Day, D.A. Degirmenci, V. Demaison, L. Devriendt, K. Ding, J. Dogan, Y. Dong, X.C. Donner, C.F. Dressick, W. Drevon, C.A. Duan, H. Ducho, C. Dumaz, N. Dwarakanath, B.S. Ebell, M.H. Eisenhardt, S. Elkum, N. Engel, N. Erickson, T.B. Fairhead, M. Faville, M.J. Fejzo, M.S. Festa, F. Feteira, A. Flood-Page, P. Forsayeth, J. Fox, S.A. Franks, S.J. Frentiu, F.D. 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Zaritsky, A. Zhang, Y. Zhao, H. Zuckerman, H. Lyu, R. Pullan, W. RELISH Consortium

Abstract

Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical science. © The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press.

Published
2019

14. Genome-wide interaction study of smoking behavior and non-small cell lung cancer risk in Caucasian population

Author

Li, Y. Xiao, X. Han, Y. Gorlova, O. Qian, D. Leighl, N. Johansen, J.S. Barnett, M. Chen, C. Goodman, G. Cox, A. Taylor, F. Woll, P. Wichmann, H.-E. Manz, J. Muley, T. Risch, A. Rosenberger, A. Arnold, S.M. Haura, E.B. Bolca, C. Holcatova, I. Janout, V. Kontic, M. Lissowska, J. Mukeria, A. Ognjanovic, S. Orlowski, T.M. Scelo, G. Swiatkowska, B. Zaridze, D. Bakke, P. Skaug, V. Zienolddiny, S. Duell, E.J. Butler, L.M. Houlston, R. Artigas, M.S. Grankvist, K. Johansson, M. Shepherd, F.A. Marcus, M.W. Brunnström, H. Manjer, J. Melander, O. Muller, D.C. Overvad, K. Trichopoulou, A. Tumino, R. Liu, G. Bojesen, S.E. Wu, X. Marchand, L.L. Albanes, D. Bickeböller, H. Aldrich, M.C. Bush, W.S. Tardon, A. Rennert, G. Dawn Teare, M. Field, J.K. Kiemeney, L.A. Lazarus, P. Haugen, A. Lam, S. Schabath, M.B. Andrew, A.S. Bertazzi, P.A. Pesatori, A.C. Christiani, D.C. Caporaso, N. Johansson, M. McKay, J.D. Brennan, P. Hung, R.J. Amos, C.I. and Li, Y. Xiao, X. Han, Y. Gorlova, O. Qian, D. Leighl, N. Johansen, J.S. Barnett, M. Chen, C. Goodman, G. Cox, A. Taylor, F. Woll, P. Wichmann, H.-E. Manz, J. Muley, T. Risch, A. Rosenberger, A. Arnold, S.M. Haura, E.B. Bolca, C. Holcatova, I. Janout, V. Kontic, M. Lissowska, J. Mukeria, A. Ognjanovic, S. Orlowski, T.M. Scelo, G. Swiatkowska, B. Zaridze, D. Bakke, P. Skaug, V. Zienolddiny, S. Duell, E.J. Butler, L.M. Houlston, R. Artigas, M.S. Grankvist, K. Johansson, M. Shepherd, F.A. Marcus, M.W. Brunnström, H. Manjer, J. Melander, O. Muller, D.C. Overvad, K. Trichopoulou, A. Tumino, R. Liu, G. Bojesen, S.E. Wu, X. Marchand, L.L. Albanes, D. Bickeböller, H. Aldrich, M.C. Bush, W.S. Tardon, A. Rennert, G. Dawn Teare, M. Field, J.K. Kiemeney, L.A. Lazarus, P. Haugen, A. Lam, S. Schabath, M.B. Andrew, A.S. Bertazzi, P.A. Pesatori, A.C. Christiani, D.C. Caporaso, N. Johansson, M. McKay, J.D. Brennan, P. Hung, R.J. Amos, C.I.

Abstract

Non-small cell lung cancer is the most common type of lung cancer. Both environmental and genetic risk factors contribute to lung carcinogenesis. We conducted a genome-wide interaction analysis between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and smoking status (never- versus ever-smokers) in a European-descent population. We adopted a two-step analysis strategy in the discovery stage: we first conducted a case-only interaction analysis to assess the relationship between SNPs and smoking behavior using 13 336 non-small cell lung cancer cases. Candidate SNPs with P-value <0.001 were further analyzed using a standard case-control interaction analysis including 13 970 controls. The significant SNPs with P-value <3.5 × 10-5 (correcting for multiple tests) from the case-control analysis in the discovery stage were further validated using an independent replication dataset comprising 5377 controls and 3054 non-small cell lung cancer cases. We further stratified the analysis by histological subtypes. Two novel SNPs, rs6441286 and rs17723637, were identified for overall lung cancer risk. The interaction odds ratio and meta-analysis P-value for these two SNPs were 1.24 with 6.96 × 10-7 and 1.37 with 3.49 × 10-7, respectively. In addition, interaction of smoking with rs4751674 was identified in squamous cell lung carcinoma with an odds ratio of 0.58 and P-value of 8.12 × 10-7. This study is by far the largest genome-wide SNP-smoking interaction analysis reported for lung cancer. The three identified novel SNPs provide potential candidate biomarkers for lung cancer risk screening and intervention. The results from our study reinforce that gene-smoking interactions play important roles in the etiology of lung cancer and account for part of the missing heritability of this disease. © The Author(s) 2018. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.

Published
2018

16. Large-scale association analysis identifies new lung cancer susceptibility loci and heterogeneity in genetic susceptibility across histological subtypes

Author

McKay, J.D., Hung, R.J., Han, Y., Zong, X., Carreras-Torres, R., Christiani, D.C., Caporaso, N., Johansson, M., Li, Y., Byun, J.Y., Dunning, A., Pooley, K.A., Qian, D.C., Liu, G., Bojesen, S.E., Wu, X., Marchand, L. le, Albanes, D., Bickeböller, H., Aldrich, M.C., Bush, W.S., Tardon, A., Rennert, G., Teare, M.D., Field, J.K., Kiemeney, L.A., Lazarus, P., Haugen, A., Schabath, M.B., Andrew, A.S., Shen, H., Hong, Y.C., Yuan, J.M., Bertazzi, P.A., Pesatori, A.C., Ye, Y., Diao, N., Su, L., Zhang, R., Brhane, Y., Leighl, N., Johansen, J.S., Mellemgaard, A., Saliba, W., Haiman, C.A., Wilkens, L.R., Fernandez-Somoano, A., Fernandez-Tardon, G., Heijden, H.F.M. van der, Kim, J.H., Hu, Z, Davies, M., Brunnström, H., Manjer, J., Melander, O., Muller, D., Overvad, K., Trichopoulou, A., Tumino, R., Doherty, J.A., Barnett, M.P., Chen, C., Goodman, G.E., Cox, A, Taylor, F., Woll, P.J., Brüske, I., Wichmann, H.E., Manz, J., Muley, T.R., Risch, A., Rosenberger, A., Grankvist, K., Shepherd, F.A., Tsao, M.S., Haura, E.B., Bolca, C., Holcatova, I., Janout, V., Kontic, M., Lissowska, J., Mukeria, A., Ognjanovic, S., Orlowski, T.M., Scelo, G., Swiatkowska, B., Zaridze, D., Bakke, P., Skaug, V., Zienolddiny, S., Duell, E.J., Butler, L.M., Koh, W.P., Gao, Y.T., Houlston, R.S., McLaughlin, J., Stevens, V.L., Joubert, P., Lamontagne, M., Nickle, D.C., Obeidat, M., Timens, W., Zhu, B, Kachuri, L., Artigas, M.S., Tobin, M.D., Wain, L.V., Rafnar, T., Thorgeirsson, T.E., Reginsson, G.W., Stefansson, K., Hancock, D.B., Bierut, L.J., Spitz, M.R., Gaddis, N.C., Lutz, S.M., Kamal, A., Pikielny, C., Zhu, D., Lindströem, S., Jiang, X., Tyndale, R.F., Chenevix-Trench, G., Beesley, J., Bossé, Y., Chanock, S., Brennan, P., Landi, M.T., Amos, C.I., McKay, J.D., Hung, R.J., Han, Y., Zong, X., Carreras-Torres, R., Christiani, D.C., Caporaso, N., Johansson, M., Li, Y., Byun, J.Y., Dunning, A., Pooley, K.A., Qian, D.C., Liu, G., Bojesen, S.E., Wu, X., Marchand, L. le, Albanes, D., Bickeböller, H., Aldrich, M.C., Bush, W.S., Tardon, A., Rennert, G., Teare, M.D., Field, J.K., Kiemeney, L.A., Lazarus, P., Haugen, A., Schabath, M.B., Andrew, A.S., Shen, H., Hong, Y.C., Yuan, J.M., Bertazzi, P.A., Pesatori, A.C., Ye, Y., Diao, N., Su, L., Zhang, R., Brhane, Y., Leighl, N., Johansen, J.S., Mellemgaard, A., Saliba, W., Haiman, C.A., Wilkens, L.R., Fernandez-Somoano, A., Fernandez-Tardon, G., Heijden, H.F.M. van der, Kim, J.H., Hu, Z, Davies, M., Brunnström, H., Manjer, J., Melander, O., Muller, D., Overvad, K., Trichopoulou, A., Tumino, R., Doherty, J.A., Barnett, M.P., Chen, C., Goodman, G.E., Cox, A, Taylor, F., Woll, P.J., Brüske, I., Wichmann, H.E., Manz, J., Muley, T.R., Risch, A., Rosenberger, A., Grankvist, K., Shepherd, F.A., Tsao, M.S., Haura, E.B., Bolca, C., Holcatova, I., Janout, V., Kontic, M., Lissowska, J., Mukeria, A., Ognjanovic, S., Orlowski, T.M., Scelo, G., Swiatkowska, B., Zaridze, D., Bakke, P., Skaug, V., Zienolddiny, S., Duell, E.J., Butler, L.M., Koh, W.P., Gao, Y.T., Houlston, R.S., McLaughlin, J., Stevens, V.L., Joubert, P., Lamontagne, M., Nickle, D.C., Obeidat, M., Timens, W., Zhu, B, Kachuri, L., Artigas, M.S., Tobin, M.D., Wain, L.V., Rafnar, T., Thorgeirsson, T.E., Reginsson, G.W., Stefansson, K., Hancock, D.B., Bierut, L.J., Spitz, M.R., Gaddis, N.C., Lutz, S.M., Kamal, A., Pikielny, C., Zhu, D., Lindströem, S., Jiang, X., Tyndale, R.F., Chenevix-Trench, G., Beesley, J., Bossé, Y., Chanock, S., Brennan, P., Landi, M.T., and Amos, C.I.

Abstract

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Published
2017

19. P21 - Identification de facteurs génétiques influencant la détoxification de carcinogéns alimentaires et le risque de cancer du côlon

Author

Girard, H., primary, Duguay, Y., additional, Gagne, J.F., additional, Thibaudeau, J., additional, Court, M.H., additional, Fortier, L.C., additional, Villeneuve, L., additional, Caron, P., additional, Butler, L.M., additional, Hao, Q., additional, Von moltke, L.L., additional, Greenblatt, D.J., additional, Millikan, R.C., additional, Sinha, R., additional, Sandler, R.S., additional, and Guillemette, C., additional

Published
2005
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20. Deregulation of Apoptosis in Colorectal Carcinoma: Theoretical and Therapeutic Implications

Author

Butler, L.M., Hewett, P.J., Fitridge, R.A., and Cowled, P.A.

Abstract

Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, maintains the structure of the colonic crypts by providing a balance to the rate of cell proliferation. Colorectal carcinoma arises partly from a disruption in this balance in the favour of uncontrolled growth. Until recently, most research into colon cancer has focused on the molecular regulators of cell-cycle progression and proliferation, but it is now evident that apoptosis is also defective. A failure of cells to die in response to premalignant damage may allow the progression of the disease and maintain the resistance of cancer cells to cytotoxic therapy. This review outlines the importance of apoptosis in the normal colon and presents recent studies that demonstrate that induction of apoptosis is defective in colonic tumours. When the molecular regulation of apoptosis is better understood, this knowledge may lead to the earlier detection of patients at greater risk of developing colorectal carcinoma, and also to the development of more effective therapies.

Published
1999
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23. Associations of Body Mass Index, Smoking, and Alcohol Consumption With Prostate Cancer Mortality in the Asia Cohort Consortium

Author

Ichiro Tsuji, Norie Sawada, Waka Ohishi, Betsy Rolland, Daehee Kang, Yoshikazu Nishino, Kotaro Ozasa, Chien-Jen Chen, Shao Yuan Chuang, Habibul Ahsan, Jung Eun Lee, Mangesh S. Pednekar, Masako Kakizaki, Dongfeng Gu, Lesley M. Butler, Prakash C. Gupta, Shoichiro Tsugane, Paolo Boffetta, San Lin You, Wei Zheng, Rashmi Sinha, Yu Chen, Hideo Tanaka, Yong-Bing Xiang, Jiang He, Dong Hyun Kim, Dale McLerran, Keun-Young Yoo, Mark D. Thornquist, Ziding Feng, Yumi Sugawara, Jay H. Fowke, Wen-Harn Pan, Manami Inoue, Sue K. Park, Faruque Parvez, Akiko Tamakoshi, Renwei Wang, Kunnambath Ramadas, John D. Potter, Woon-Puay Koh, Eric J. Grant, Yoon Ok Ahn, Isao Oze, Yasutake Tomata, Xiao-Ou Shu, Catherine Sauvaget, Jian-Min Yuan, Fowke, J.H., McLerran, D.F., Gupta, P.C., He, J., Shu, X.-O., Ramadas, K., Tsugane, S., Inoue, M., Tamakoshi, A., Koh, W.-P., Nishino, Y., Tsuji, I., Ozasa, K., Yuan, J.-M., Tanaka, H., Ahn, Y.-O., Chen, C.-J., Sugawara, Y., Yoo, K.-Y., Ahsan, H., Pan, W.-H., Pednekar, M., Gu, D., Xiang, Y.-B., Sauvaget, C., Sawada, N., Wang, R., Kakizaki, M., Tomata, Y., Ohishi, W., Butler, L.M., Oze, I., Kim, D.-H., You, S.-L., Park, S.K., Parvez, F., Chuang, S.-Y., Chen, Y., Lee, J.E., Grant, E., Rolland, B., Thornquist, M., Feng, Z., Zheng, W., Boffetta, P., Sinha, R., Kang, D., and Potter, J.D.

Subjects
Gynecology, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Alcohol Drinking, Epidemiology, business.industry, Original Contributions, Hazard ratio, Smoking, Prostatic Neoplasms, medicine.disease, Body Mass Index, Prostate-specific antigen, Prostate cancer, Prostate cancer screening, Cohort, Medicine, Humans, Obesity, business, Prospective cohort study, Body mass index, Demography, Cause of death, Prostate cancer - body mass - alcohol consumption
Abstract

Many potentially modifiable risk factors for prostate cancer are also associated with prostate cancer screening, which may induce a bias in epidemiologic studies. We investigated the associations of body mass index (weight (kg)/height (m)2), smoking, and alcohol consumption with risk of fatal prostate cancer in Asian countries where prostate cancer screening is not widely utilized. Analysis included 18 prospective cohort studies conducted during 1963-2006 across 6 countries in southern and eastern Asia that are part of the Asia Cohort Consortium. Body mass index, smoking, and alcohol intake were determined by questionnaire at baseline, and cause of death was ascertained through death certificates. Analysis included 522,736 men aged 54 years, on average, at baseline. During 4.8 million person-years of follow-up, there were 634 prostate cancer deaths (367 prostate cancer deaths across the 11 cohorts with alcohol data). In Cox proportional hazards analyses of all cohorts in the Asia Cohort Consortium, prostate cancer mortality was not significantly associated with obesity (body mass index >25: hazard ratio (HR) = 1.08, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.85, 1.36), ever smoking (HR = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.84, 1.21), or heavy alcohol intake (HR = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.74, 1.35). Differences in prostate cancer screening and detection probably contribute to differences in the association of obesity, smoking, or alcohol intake with prostate cancer risk and mortality between Asian and Western populations and thus require further investigation. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.

Published
2015

24. Burden of Total and Cause-Specific Mortality Related to Tobacco Smoking among Adults Aged ≥45 Years in Asia: A Pooled Analysis of 21 Cohorts

Author

Betsy Rolland, Hideo Tanaka, Eric J. Grant, Akiko Tamakoshi, Chien-Jen Chen, Masako Kakizaki, Yoon Ok Ahn, Lesley M. Butler, Yong-Bing Xiang, Paolo Boffetta, Mark D. Thornquist, Dale McLerran, San Lin You, Yu Chen, Fujiko Irie, Daehee Kang, Keitaro Matsuo, Rashmi Sinha, Shao Yuan Chuang, Waka Ohishi, Toshimi Sairenchi, Woon-Puay Koh, Ichiro Tsuji, Norie Sawada, Dong Hyun Kim, Zhenming Fu, Mangesh S. Pednekar, Takashi Watanabe, You-Lin Qiao, Prakash C. Gupta, Renwei Wang, Gong Yang, Jin-Hu Fan, Ziding Feng, Keun-Young Yoo, Jung Eun Lee, Sue K. Park, Wei Zheng, Jiang He, Yumi Sugawara, Wen-Harn Pan, Yu-Tang Gao, John D. Potter, Kunnambath Ramadas, Yoshikazu Nishino, Shoichiro Tsugane, Faruque Parvez, Isao Oze, Xiao-Ou Shu, Catherine Sauvaget, Jian-Min Yuan, Manami Inoue, Chen-Yang Shen, Dongfeng Gu, Kotaro Ozasa, Habibul Ahsan, International Prevention Research Institute (IPRI), The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai [New York] (MSSM), Zheng, W., McLerran, D.F., Rolland, B.A., Fu, Z., Boffetta, P., He, J., Gupta, P.C., Ramadas, K., Tsugane, S., Irie, F., Tamakoshi, A., Gao, Y.-T., Koh, W.-P., Shu, X.-O., Ozasa, K., Nishino, Y., Tsuji, I., Tanaka, H., Chen, C.-J., Yuan, J.-M., Ahn, Y.-O., Yoo, K.-Y., Ahsan, H., Pan, W.-H., Qiao, Y.-L., Gu, D., Pednekar, M.S., Sauvaget, C., Sawada, N., Sairenchi, T., Yang, G., Wang, R., Xiang, Y.-B., Ohishi, W., Kakizaki, M., Watanabe, T., Oze, I., You, S.-L., Sugawara, Y., Butler, L.M., Kim, D.-H., Park, S.K., Parvez, F., Chuang, S.-Y., Fan, J.-H., Shen, C.-Y., Chen, Y., Grant, E.J., Lee, J.E., Sinha, R., Matsuo, K., Thornquist, M., Inoue, M., Feng, Z., Kang, D., and Potter, J.D.

Subjects
Adult, Male, Risk, medicine.medical_specialty, Asia, Epidemiology, Respiratory Tract Diseases, Environmental Epidemiology, Cost of Illness, Risk Factors, cardiovascular disease, Neoplasms, Environmental health, Medicine and Health Sciences, Prevalence, Risk of mortality, Humans, cancer, Medicine, East Asia, Risk factor, Lung cancer, respiratory diseases, business.industry, Public health, Smoking, Hazard ratio, Tobacco control, 1. No poverty, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Tobacco smoking, 3. Good health, Cardiovascular Diseases, Female, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, Research Article
Abstract

Wei Zheng and colleagues quantify the burden of tobacco-smoking-related deaths for adults in Asia. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary, Background Tobacco smoking is a major risk factor for many diseases. We sought to quantify the burden of tobacco-smoking-related deaths in Asia, in parts of which men's smoking prevalence is among the world's highest. Methods and Findings We performed pooled analyses of data from 1,049,929 participants in 21 cohorts in Asia to quantify the risks of total and cause-specific mortality associated with tobacco smoking using adjusted hazard ratios and their 95% confidence intervals. We then estimated smoking-related deaths among adults aged ≥45 y in 2004 in Bangladesh, India, mainland China, Japan, Republic of Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan—accounting for ∼71% of Asia's total population. An approximately 1.44-fold (95% CI = 1.37–1.51) and 1.48-fold (1.38–1.58) elevated risk of death from any cause was found in male and female ever-smokers, respectively. In 2004, active tobacco smoking accounted for approximately 15.8% (95% CI = 14.3%–17.2%) and 3.3% (2.6%–4.0%) of deaths, respectively, in men and women aged ≥45 y in the seven countries/regions combined, with a total number of estimated deaths of ∼1,575,500 (95% CI = 1,398,000–1,744,700). Among men, approximately 11.4%, 30.5%, and 19.8% of deaths due to cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and respiratory diseases, respectively, were attributable to tobacco smoking. Corresponding proportions for East Asian women were 3.7%, 4.6%, and 1.7%, respectively. The strongest association with tobacco smoking was found for lung cancer: a 3- to 4-fold elevated risk, accounting for 60.5% and 16.7% of lung cancer deaths, respectively, in Asian men and East Asian women aged ≥45 y. Conclusions Tobacco smoking is associated with a substantially elevated risk of mortality, accounting for approximately 2 million deaths in adults aged ≥45 y throughout Asia in 2004. It is likely that smoking-related deaths in Asia will continue to rise over the next few decades if no effective smoking control programs are implemented. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary, Editors' Summary Background Every year, more than 5 million smokers die from tobacco-related diseases. Tobacco smoking is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (conditions that affect the heart and the circulation), respiratory disease (conditions that affect breathing), lung cancer, and several other types of cancer. All told, tobacco smoking kills up to half its users. The ongoing global “epidemic” of tobacco smoking and tobacco-related diseases initially affected people living in the US and other Western countries, where the prevalence of smoking (the proportion of the population that smokes) in men began to rise in the early 1900s, peaking in the 1960s. A similar epidemic occurred in women about 40 years later. Smoking-related deaths began to increase in the second half of the 20th century, and by the 1990s, tobacco smoking accounted for a third of all deaths and about half of cancer deaths among men in the US and other Western countries. More recently, increased awareness of the risks of smoking and the introduction of various tobacco control measures has led to a steady decline in tobacco use and in smoking-related diseases in many developed countries. Why Was This Study Done? Unfortunately, less well-developed tobacco control programs, inadequate public awareness of smoking risks, and tobacco company marketing have recently led to sharp increases in the prevalence of smoking in many low- and middle-income countries, particularly in Asia. More than 50% of men in many Asian countries are now smokers, about twice the prevalence in many Western countries, and more women in some Asian countries are smoking than previously. More than half of the world's billion smokers now live in Asia. However, little is known about the burden of tobacco-related mortality (deaths) in this region. In this study, the researchers quantify the risk of total and cause-specific mortality associated with tobacco use among adults aged 45 years or older by undertaking a pooled statistical analysis of data collected from 21 Asian cohorts (groups) about their smoking history and health. What Did the Researchers Do and Find? For their study, the researchers used data from more than 1 million participants enrolled in studies undertaken in Bangladesh, India, mainland China, Japan, the Republic of Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan (which together account for 71% of Asia's total population). Smoking prevalences among male and female participants were 65.1% and 7.1%, respectively. Compared with never-smokers, ever-smokers had a higher risk of death from any cause in pooled analyses of all the cohorts (adjusted hazard ratios [HRs] of 1.44 and 1.48 for men and women, respectively; an adjusted HR indicates how often an event occurs in one group compared to another group after adjustment for other characteristics that affect an individual's risk of the event). Compared with never smoking, ever smoking was associated with a higher risk of death due to cardiovascular disease, cancer (particularly lung cancer), and respiratory disease among Asian men and among East Asian women. Moreover, the researchers estimate that, in the countries included in this study, tobacco smoking accounted for 15.8% of all deaths among men and 3.3% of deaths among women in 2004—a total of about 1.5 million deaths, which scales up to 2 million deaths for the population of the whole of Asia. Notably, in 2004, tobacco smoking accounted for 60.5% of lung-cancer deaths among Asian men and 16.7% of lung-cancer deaths among East Asian women. What Do These Findings Mean? These findings provide strong evidence that tobacco smoking is associated with a substantially raised risk of death among adults aged 45 years or older throughout Asia. The association between smoking and mortality risk in Asia reported here is weaker than that previously reported for Western countries, possibly because widespread tobacco smoking started several decades later in most Asian countries than in Europe and North America and the deleterious effects of smoking take some years to become evident. The researchers note that certain limitations of their analysis are likely to affect the accuracy of its findings. For example, because no data were available to estimate the impact of secondhand smoke, the estimate of deaths attributable to smoking is likely to be an underestimate. However, the finding that nearly 45% of the global deaths from active tobacco smoking occur in Asia highlights the urgent need to implement comprehensive tobacco control programs in Asia to reduce the burden of tobacco-related disease. Additional Information Please access these websites via the online version of this summary at http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001631. The World Health Organization provides information about the dangers of tobacco (in several languages) and about the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, an international instrument for tobacco control that came into force in February 2005 and requires parties to implement a set of core tobacco control provisions including legislation to ban tobacco advertising and to increase tobacco taxes; its 2013 report on the global tobacco epidemic is available The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention provides detailed information about all aspects of smoking and tobacco use The UK National Health Services Choices website provides information about the health risks associated with smoking MedlinePlus has links to further information about the dangers of smoking (in English and Spanish) SmokeFree, a website provided by the UK National Health Service, offers advice on quitting smoking and includes personal stories from people who have stopped smoking Smokefree.gov, from the US National Cancer Institute, offers online tools and resources to help people quit smoking

Published
2014
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