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5. XMM-Newton First-Light Observations of the Hickson Galaxy Group 16

Author

Turner, M. J. L., Reeves, J. N., Ponman, T. J., Arnaud, M., Barbera, M., Bennie, P. J., Boer, M., Briel, U., Butler, I., and Clavel, J.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

This paper presents the XMM-Newton first-light observations of the Hickson-16 compact group of galaxies. Groups are possibly the oldest large-scale structures in the Universe, pre-dating clusters of galaxies, and are highly evolved. This group of small galaxies, at a redshift of 0.0132 (or 80 Mpc) is exceptional in the having the highest concentration of starburst or AGN activity in the nearby Universe. So it is a veritable laboratory for the study of the relationship between galaxy interactions and nuclear activity. Previous optical emission line studies indicated a strong ionising continuum in the galaxies, but its origin, whether from starbursts, or AGN, was unclear. Combined imaging and spectroscopy with the EPIC X-ray CCDs unequivocally reveals a heavily obscured AGN and a separately identified thermal (starburst) plasma, in NGC 835, NGC 833 and NGC 839. NGC 838 shows only starburst thermal emission. Starbursts and AGN can evidently coexist in members of this highly evolved system of merged and merging galaxies, implying a high probability for the formation of AGN as well as starbursts in post-merger galaxies., Comment: 6 pages, accepted for publication in A&A Special Letters Edition (First results from XMM-Newton)

Published
2000
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13. Evaluación de la variabilidad del ácido fítico, utilizando metodologías de cromatografía, en una muestra diversa de Lupinus luteus L. (Fabaceae)

Author

Maureira-Butler, I. J., Parra-González, L., and Udall, J. A.

Subjects
Lupinus luteus, HPTLC, ácido fítico, Phytic acid, food and beverages, Ocean Engineering, antinutricional, Antinutrionals
Abstract

Phytic acid (PA) is a main phosphorus storage source for plants and accounts for ~75% of the seed total phosphorus (P). Due to its high mineral-chelating capacity, PA has been described as an antinutritional factor in human diets and animal feed, forcing artificial Pi (inorganic phosphorus) supplementation, and increasing phosphorus pollution through animal waste. However, studies have shown positive effects for human health, with potential anticancer activity. Thus, identifying variability in PA content in plant material has become a primary target for plant breeders. The aim of this study was to asses PA seed variation in a diverse sample of L. luteus. Eighteen yellow lupin accessions were analyzed using high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) to provide insights on seed PA phenotypic variation. Chromatographic profiles only detected PA and Pi in mature seeds of L. luteus accessions, suggesting that other P-containing intermediaries are not accumulated in this legume species. Analyses of variance showed significant differences for PA and Pi seed content, indicating that accumulation of these compounds was influenced, at least in part, by L. luteus genotypes. PA and Pi seed content ranged from 13.97 to 24.37 mg -1 and 1.27 to 1.68 mg g-1 (dry weight), respectively. PA significant phenotypic variation will not only aid the uncovering of possible plant metabolic pathways behind their accumulation, but also the identification of favorable variation to reduce antinutritional factors in yellow lupin., El ácido fítico (AF) es una fuente de almacenamiento de fósforo en plantas y representa ~75% del fósforo (P) total de la semilla. Debido a su capacidad quelante de minerales, AF ha sido descrito como un factor antinutricional en la alimentación de humanos y animales, forzando la suplementación artificial de Pi (fósforo inorgánico) en dietas, y aumentando la contaminación de fósforo a través de desechos animales. Sin embargo, estudios han demostrado efectos positivos sobre salud humana, dada su potencial actividad anticancerígena. Por ello, la identificación de variabilidad en el contenido de AF es de interés para los mejoradores de cultivos. El objetivo principal de esta investigación fue evaluar variabilidad de AF en una muestra diversa de L. luteus. Para ello, se estudió la variación fenotípica de AF en semillas de 18 accesiones, a través de cromatografía de capa fina de alto rendimiento (HPTLC). Perfiles cromatográficos sólo detectaron AF y Pi, sugiriendo que otros intermediarios no se acumularían en esta leguminosa. Análisis de varianza mostraron diferencias significativas para AF y Pi, lo que indicaría que la acumulación de estos compuestos es influida en parte por los genotipos de L. luteus. Los contenidos AF y Pi variaron entre 13,97 a 24,37 mg g-1 y 1,27 a 1,68 mg g-1 (base materia seca), respectivamente. La presencia de variación fenotípica significativa para AF no sólo proporciona información para el descubrimiento de las vías metabólicas envueltas en su síntesis, sino que además identifica variación favorable para la reducción de factores antinutricionales en lupino amarillo.

Published
2018

22. The incidence of severe physical child abuse in Wales

Author

Sibert, J.R., Payne, E.H., Kemp, A.M., Barber, M., Rolfe, K., Morgan, R.J.H., Lyons, R.A., and Butler, I.

Subjects
Child abuse -- Reporting, Child welfare workers -- Evaluation, Family and marriage, Sociology and social work
Abstract

Objectives: The purposes of this study were: (1) to ascertain the incidence and nature of severe physical child abuse in Wales; (2) to ascertain the incidence of all physical abuse in babies under 1 year of age; and (3) to determine whether child protection registers (CPR) accurately reflect the numbers of children who are physically abused. Methods: This is a population-based incidence study based in Wales, UK, for 2 years from April 1996 through March 1998. Children studied were under the age of 14 with severe physical abuse consistent with the criminal law level of Grievous Bodily Harm. This included seven categories of injury (death; head injury including subdural hemorrhage; internal abdominal injury; physical injury in Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy including suffocation; fracture; burn or scald; adult bite). Cases were ascertained by a pediatrician surveillance reporting system (WPSU). A criterion for inclusion was multidisciplinary agreement that physical abuse had occurred (at case conference, strategy meeting, or Part 8 Review), The incidence of all babies under 1 year of age with physical abuse was also studied. Ascertainment of babies under the age of 1 year was undertaken from CPR as well as the WPSU. Results: Severe abuse is six times more common in babies [54/100,000/year (95% CI [+ or -] 17.2)] than in children from 1 year to 4 years of age [9.2/100,000 (95% CI [+ or -] 3.6)]. It is 120 times more common than in 5- to 13-year-olds [0.47/100,000 (95% CI [+ or -] 0.47)]. This is mainly because two types of serious abuse (brain injury including subdural hemorrhage and fractures) are more common in babies under the age of 1 year than older children. Using data from two sources (the WPSU and CPRs), the incidence of physical abuse in babies is 114/100,000 (CI 114 [+ or -] 11.8) per year. This equates to 1 baby in 880 being abused in the first year of life. The largely rural Health Authority area in Wales had incidence figures for abuse in babies that were 50% of the three other predominantly urban Health Authority areas. Boys throughout the series were more at risk of being severely abused than girls (p < .025). Only 29% of the babies under 1 year of age on the CPR had actually been injured. Thirty percent of abused babies under the age of 1 year and 73% of severely abused children over the age of 1 year had caused previous concern to health professionals regarding abuse or neglect. Conclusions: Physical abuse is a significant problem in babies under the age of 1 year. Very young babies (under 6 months old) have the highest risk of suffering damage or death as a result of physical abuse. Severe abuse, in particular subdural hematoma and fracture, is much more common in babies than in older children. There is evidence of failure of secondary prevention of child abuse by health professionals, with a greater need to act on concerns regarding abuse and neglect. Interagency child protection work in partnership with parents should focus more on protecting babies under age 1 year from further abuse than on maintenance of the infant within an abusive home. The CPR is not intended as an accurate measure of children suffering abuse. It is a record of children requiring a child protection plan and must not be used as a measure of numbers of abused children. Keywords: Physical child abuse; Epidemiology; Incidence; Child protection register

Published
2002

25. Cyclopentadienylmanganese Thiocarbonyls

Author

Butler, I. S., primary, Coville, N. J., additional, Cozak, D., additional, Desjardins, S. R., additional, Fenster, A. E., additional, Plowman, K. R., additional, Slack, D. A., additional, and Baird, M. C., additional

Published
2007
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31. The Cross Timbers

Author

Hoagland, B. W., primary, Butler, I. H., additional, Johnson, F. L., additional, and Glenn, S., additional

Published
1999
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44. FAMU focused on CASS

Author

-In-Chief, T'Nerra Butler I.

Subjects
Chief financial officers -- Planning, Company business planning, News, opinion and commentary, Sports and fitness
Abstract

Byline: T'Nerra Butler I -in-Chief Sydne Vigille | The Famuan As the 2019 legislative session gets underway next week, Florida A&M University representatives are focused on their priorities and their [...]

Published
2019

45. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of skeletal muscles in astronauts after 9 days of space flight

Author

Jaweed, M, Narayana, P, Slopis, J, Butler, I, Schneider, V, Leblanc, A, Fotedar, L, and Bacon, D

Subjects
Aerospace Medicine
Abstract

Skylab data indicated that prolonged exposure of human subjects to microgravity environment causes significant muscle atrophy accompanied by reduced muscle strength and fatigue resistance. The objective of this study was to determine decrements in muscle size, if any, in the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles of male and female astronauts after 9 days of space flight. Methods: Eight astronauts, one female and seven male, between the ages of 31 and 59 years 59-84 kg in body weight were examined by MRI 2-3 times preflight within 16 days before launch, and 2 days, (n=6) and seven days (n=3) after landing. The right leg muscles (gastroc-soleus) were imaged with a lower extremity coil in magnets operating at 1.0 or 1.5 Tsela. The imaging protocol consisted of spin echo with a Tr of 0.70 - 1.5 sec. Thirty to forty 3-5 mm thick slices were acquired in 256 x 128 or 256 x 256 matrices. Acquisition time lasted 20-40 minutes. Multiple slices were measured by computerized planimetry. Results: Compared to the preflight, the cross-sectoral areas (CSA) of the soleus, gastrocnemius, and the leg, at 2 days after landing were reduced (at least p less than 0.05) 8.9 percent, 13.2 percent, and 9.5 percent respectively. The soleus and the leg of three astronauts evaluated at 7 days postflight did not show full recovery compared to the preflight values. Conclusions: It is concluded that l9-days of space flight may cause significant decreases in CSA of the leg muscles. The factors responsible for this loss need further determination.

Published
1992

48. Abstracts from the 2017–2018 Mineral Deposits Studies Group meeting

Author

Santoro, L., primary, Yav, St. Tshipeng, additional, Pirard, E., additional, Kaniki, A., additional, Arfè, G., additional, Mondillo, N., additional, Boni, M., additional, Joachimski, M., additional, Balassone, G., additional, Mormone, A., additional, Cauceglia, A., additional, Robb, W., additional, Smith, T. L., additional, Currie, David, additional, Stuart, Finlay, additional, Faithfull, John, additional, Boyce, Adrian, additional, Chelle-Michou, C., additional, Cretella, S., additional, Scognamiglio, G., additional, Tarallo, M., additional, Putzolu, F., additional, Pirajno, F., additional, Aitbaeva, Saltanat, additional, Mizernaya, Marina, additional, Dyachkov, Boris, additional, Martin, Andrew J, additional, McDonald, Iain, additional, MacLeod, Christopher J, additional, McFall, Katie, additional, Prichard, Hazel M, additional, Jenkin, Gawen R T, additional, Kennedy, B., additional, McDonald, I., additional, Tanner, D., additional, Longridge, L., additional, Borst, A. M., additional, Finch, A. A., additional, Friis, H., additional, Horsburgh, N. J., additional, Gamaletsos, P. N., additional, Goettlicher, J., additional, Steininger, R., additional, Geraki, K., additional, Cloutier, Jonathan, additional, Piercey, Stephen J., additional, Allen, Connor, additional, Storey, Craig, additional, Darling, James, additional, Lasalle, Stephanie, additional, Dobrzanski, A., additional, Kirstein, L., additional, Walcott, R., additional, Butler, I., additional, Ngwenya, B., additional, Dobrzanski, Andrew, additional, Howard, Simon, additional, Troalen, Lore, additional, Davidson, Peter, additional, Walcott, Rachel, additional, Drummond, Drew, additional, Blakeman, Robert, additional, Ashton, John, additional, Marquis, Eva, additional, Goodenough, Kathryn, additional, Estrade, Guillaume, additional, Smith, Martin, additional, Zygouri, E., additional, Kilias, S. P., additional, Zack, T., additional, Pitcairn, I., additional, Chi Fru, E., additional, Nomikou, P., additional, Argyraki, A., additional, Ivarsson, M., additional, Finch, Adrian A., additional, Borst, Anouk M., additional, Hutchison, William, additional, Horsburgh, Nicola J., additional, Andersen, Tom, additional, Simonsen, Siri, additional, Waizy, Hamidullah, additional, Moles, Norman, additional, Hollis, Steven P., additional, Menuge, Julian F., additional, Doran, Aileen L., additional, Dennis, Paul, additional, Davidheiser-Kroll, Brett, additional, Marca, Alina, additional, Wilkinson, Jamie, additional, Güven, John, additional, Cooper, Mark R., additional, Stephen Daly, J., additional, Turner, Oakley, additional, McConnell, Brian, additional, Hughes, Hannah S. R., additional, Matusiak-Małek, Magdalena M., additional, Williamson, Ben, additional, Williams, James, additional, Dishaw, Guy, additional, Rees, Harri, additional, Key, Roger, additional, Bate, Simon, additional, Moore, Andy, additional, Tanner, Dominque, additional, Keith, Manuel, additional, Haase, Karsten M., additional, Smith, Daniel J., additional, Klemd, Reiner, additional, Schwarz-Schampera, Ulrich, additional, Bach, Wolfgang, additional, Walding, Sam J, additional, Jenkin, Gawen RT, additional, James, Daniel, additional, Clark, David, additional, Hart-Madigan, Lisa, additional, Armstrong, Robin, additional, Graham, Hugh, additional, Smith, Daniel J, additional, Abbott, Andrew P, additional, Holwell, David A, additional, Zygouri, Eva, additional, Harris, Robert C, additional, Stanley, Christopher J, additional, Grant, Hannah L.J., additional, Hannington, Mark D., additional, Petersen, Sven, additional, Frische, Matthias, additional, Zhang, Fei, additional, Williamson, Ben J., additional, Hughes, Hannah, additional, Smiles, Joshua, additional, Nathwani, Chetan, additional, Sievwright, Robert, additional, Loader, Matthew, additional, Blanks, Daryl E., additional, Holwell, David A., additional, Smith, W.D., additional, Darling, J.R., additional, Bullen, D.S., additional, Scrivener, R.C., additional, Boyce, Adrian J., additional, Broom-Fendley, Sam, additional, Brady, Aoife E, additional, Hudson-Edwards, Karen, additional, Hollis, Steve, additional, McClenaghan, Sean, additional, Doran, Aileen, additional, Fallon, Emily K., additional, Brooker, Richard, additional, and Scott, Thomas, additional

Published
2018
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50. Global warming and recurrent mass bleaching of corals

Author

Hughes, T., Kerry, J., Álvarez-Noriega, M., Álvarez-Romero, J., Anderson, K., Baird, A., Babcock, R., Beger, M., Bellwood, D., Berkelmans, R., Bridge, T., Butler, I., Byrne, M., Cantin, N., Comeau, S., Connolly, S., Cumming, G., Dalton, S., Diaz-Pulido, G., Eakin, C., Figueira, W., Gilmour, J., Harrison, H., Heron, S., Hoey, A., Hobbs, Jean-Paul, Hoogenboom, M., Kennedy, E., Kuo, C., Lough, J., Lowe, R., Liu, G., McCulloch, M., Malcolm, H., McWilliam, M., Pandolfi, J., Pears, R., Pratchett, M., Schoepf, V., Simpson, T., Skirving, W., Sommer, B., Torda, G., Wachenfeld, D., Willis, B., Wilson, S., Hughes, T., Kerry, J., Álvarez-Noriega, M., Álvarez-Romero, J., Anderson, K., Baird, A., Babcock, R., Beger, M., Bellwood, D., Berkelmans, R., Bridge, T., Butler, I., Byrne, M., Cantin, N., Comeau, S., Connolly, S., Cumming, G., Dalton, S., Diaz-Pulido, G., Eakin, C., Figueira, W., Gilmour, J., Harrison, H., Heron, S., Hoey, A., Hobbs, Jean-Paul, Hoogenboom, M., Kennedy, E., Kuo, C., Lough, J., Lowe, R., Liu, G., McCulloch, M., Malcolm, H., McWilliam, M., Pandolfi, J., Pears, R., Pratchett, M., Schoepf, V., Simpson, T., Skirving, W., Sommer, B., Torda, G., Wachenfeld, D., Willis, B., and Wilson, S.

Abstract

During 2015-2016, record temperatures triggered a pan-tropical episode of coral bleaching, the third global-scale event since mass bleaching was first documented in the 1980s. Here we examine how and why the severity of recurrent major bleaching events has varied at multiple scales, using aerial and underwater surveys of Australian reefs combined with satellite-derived sea surface temperatures. The distinctive geographic footprints of recurrent bleaching on the Great Barrier Reef in 1998, 2002 and 2016 were determined by the spatial pattern of sea temperatures in each year. Water quality and fishing pressure had minimal effect on the unprecedented bleaching in 2016, suggesting that local protection of reefs affords little or no resistance to extreme heat. Similarly, past exposure to bleaching in 1998 and 2002 did not lessen the severity of bleaching in 2016. Consequently, immediate global action to curb future warming is essential to secure a future for coral reefs.

Published
2017

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