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6. Social anxiety disorder-associated gut microbiota increases social fear

Author

Ritz, Nathaniel L., primary, Brocka, Marta, additional, Butler, Mary I., additional, Cowan, Caitlin S. M., additional, Barrera-Bugueño, Camila, additional, Turkington, Christopher J. R., additional, Draper, Lorraine A., additional, Bastiaanssen, Thomaz F. S., additional, Turpin, Valentine, additional, Morales, Lorena, additional, Campos, David, additional, Gheorghe, Cassandra E., additional, Ratsika, Anna, additional, Sharma, Virat, additional, Golubeva, Anna V., additional, Aburto, Maria R., additional, Shkoporov, Andrey N., additional, Moloney, Gerard M., additional, Hill, Colin, additional, Clarke, Gerard, additional, Slattery, David A., additional, Dinan, Timothy G., additional, and Cryan, John F., additional

Published
2023
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10. Social anxiety disorder-associated gut microbiota increases social fear.

Author

Ritz, Nathaniel L., Brocka, Marta, Butler, Mary I., Cowan, Caitlin S. M., Barrera-Bugueño, Camila, Turkington, Christopher J. R., Draper, Lorraine A., Bastiaanssen, Thomaz F. S., Turpin, Valentine, Morales, Lorena, Campos, David, Gheorghe, Cassandra E., Ratsika, Anna, Sharma, Virat, Golubeva, Anna V., Aburto, Maria R., Shkoporov, Andrey N., Moloney, Gerard M., Hill, Colin, and Clarke, Gerard

Subjects
SOCIAL anxiety, GUT microbiome, ANXIETY disorders, SOCIETAL reaction, MENTAL illness
Abstract

Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a crippling psychiatric disorder characterized by intense fear or anxiety in social situations and their avoidance. However, the underlying biology of SAD is unclear and better treatments are needed. Recently, the gut microbiota has emerged as a key regulator of both brain and behaviour, especially those related to social function. Moreover, increasing data supports a role for immune function and oxytocin signalling in social responses. To investigate whether the gut microbiota plays a causal role in modulating behaviours relevant to SAD, we transplanted the microbiota from SAD patients, which was identified by 16S rRNA sequencing to be of a differential composition compared to healthy controls, to mice. Although the mice that received the SAD microbiota had normal behaviours across a battery of tests designed to assess depression and general anxiety-like behaviours, they had a specific heightened sensitivity to social fear, a model of SAD. This distinct heightened social fear response was coupled with changes in central and peripheral immune function and oxytocin expression in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. This work demonstrates an interkingdom basis for social fear responses and posits the microbiome as a potential therapeutic target for SAD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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13. The microbe-heart-brain dialogue: Vagal activity is associated with gut-microbiome patterns in women

Author

Mörkl, Sabrina, primary, Oberascher, Andreas, additional, Tatschl, Josef M., additional, Lackner, Sonja, additional, Bastiaanssen, Thomaz F.S., additional, Butler, Mary I., additional, Moser, Maximilian, additional, Frühwirth, Matthias, additional, Mangge, Harald, additional, Cryan, John F., additional, Dinan, Timothy G., additional, and Holasek, Sandra J., additional

Published
2023
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14. Gut Microbiome Composition and Its Association with Sleep in Major Psychiatric Disorders

Author

Mairinger, Marco, primary, Maget, Alexander, additional, Wagner-Skacel, Jolana, additional, Mörkl, Sabrina, additional, Dalkner, Nina, additional, Hellinger, Teresa, additional, Birner, Armin, additional, Fellendorf, Frederike T., additional, Platzer, Martina, additional, Kreuzer, Kathrin, additional, Queissner, Robert, additional, Reininghaus, Bernd, additional, Lenger, Melanie, additional, Fabisch, Karin, additional, Fitz, Werner, additional, Kohlhammer-Dohr, Alexandra, additional, Krammer, Alexandra, additional, Holl, Anna Katharina, additional, Painold, Annamaria, additional, Häussl, Alfred, additional, Stross, Tatjana Maria, additional, Schmiedhofer, Franziska, additional, Tmava-Berisha, Adelina, additional, Pahsini, Karoline, additional, Marinschek, Sabine, additional, Wenninger, Julian, additional, Hamm, Carlo, additional, Pilz, René, additional, Lehofer, Michael, additional, Amouzadeh-Ghadikolai, Omid, additional, Horvath, Angela, additional, Kainz, Gudrun, additional, Gallé, Birgit, additional, Dinan, Timothy G., additional, Butler, Mary I., additional, Reininghaus, Eva, additional, and Bengesser, Susanne, additional

Published
2023
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16. Cardiac vagal activity is associated with gut-microbiome patterns in women—An exploratory pilot study

Author

Mörkl, Sabrina, primary, Oberascher, Andreas, additional, Tatschl, Josef M., additional, Lackner, Sonja, additional, Bastiaanssen, Thomaz F. S., additional, Butler, Mary I., additional, Moser, Maximilian, additional, Frühwirth, Matthias, additional, Mangge, Harald, additional, Cryan, John F., additional, Dinan, Timothy G., additional, and Holasek, Sandra J., additional

Published
2022
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17. Oxidative Status in Adult Anorexia Nervosa Patients and Healthy Controls—Results from a Cross-Sectional Pilot Study

Author

Wagner-Skacel, Jolana, primary, Haidacher, Fiona, additional, Wiener, Markus, additional, Pahsini, Karoline, additional, Marinschek, Sabine, additional, Lahousen, Theresa, additional, Wonisch, Willibald, additional, Bengesser, Susanne, additional, Butler, Mary I., additional, Lackner, Sonja, additional, Meinitzer, Andreas, additional, Enko, Dietmar, additional, and Mörkl, Sabrina, additional

Published
2022
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18. The microbiota-gut-brain axis in social anxiety disorder

Author

Butler, Mary I., Dinan, Timothy G., Clarke, Gerard, and O'Mahony, Siobhain M.

Subjects
Gut microbiome, Microbiota-gut-brain axis, Social anxiety disorder
Abstract

The past decade has seen huge interest in the role of microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis in psychiatric disorders. Significant preclinical efforts have been made to elucidate the role of the gut microbiome in the stress response, and there is an ever-growing body of evidence demonstrating the effect of gut microbiome modulation on behaviour in various animal models of anxiety and depression. Additionally, studies in healthy human volunteers have generated hope that microbiome-based interventions may improve mood and anxiety symptoms. Despite this, the MGB axis remains largely unexplored in patients with clinical anxiety disorders, such as social anxiety disorder (SAD). Indeed, investigation of the neurobiological basis of this and other clinical anxiety conditions is limited, and these disorders remain poorly understood. To this end, we hypothesized that the gut microbiota would be altered in those with SAD, and that gut barrier dysfunction would be evident. We proposed that physiological systems of relevance in MGB communication, including neuroendocrine, immune, and tryptophan-kynurenine pathways would show differences compared to controls. In this thesis, we demonstrate that the gut microbiome is compositionally and functionally altered in patients with SAD, and that this patient group have compromised intestinal permeability. We demonstrate that SAD is associated with differences in various systems involved in MGB communication. We report elevated kynurenic acid (KYNA) levels and an increased KYNA/Kynurenine ratio in our patient group. Additionally, SAD patients show lower levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-10, along with various neuroendocrine alterations including lower oxytocin levels and differences in the cortisol awakening response, chronic cortisol concentrations and morning salivary alpha amylase levels. Taken together, our results raise the possibility that the MGB axis may represent an important aetiological node and potential therapeutic target for this early-onset, chronic disorder. Our work supports the need for larger, longitudinal studies to further explore the role of the MGB axis in clinical anxiety disorders. In addition, we report on a longitudinal study assessing the impact of a dietary change involving the consumption of unpasteurised dairy, on the gut microbiome of healthy volunteers. We demonstrate that intake of unpasteurised dairy is associated with significant increases in Lactobacillus, a psychobiotic bacterial genus which is recognised as having anxiolytic and antidepressant effects. This work supports the possibility that dietary change may have therapeutic potential in psychiatric conditions.

Published
2021

19. ‘An Apple A Day’?: Psychiatrists, Psychologists and Psychotherapists Report Poor Literacy for Nutritional Medicine: International Survey Spanning 52 Countries

Author

Mörkl, Sabrina, Stell, Linda, Buhai, Diana V., Schweinzer, Melanie, Wagner-Skacel, Jolana, Vajda, Christian, Lackner, Sonja, Bengesser, Susanne A., Lahousen-Luxenberger, Theresa, Painold, Annamaria, Oberascher, Andreas, Tatschl, Josef M., Fellinger, Matthäus, Mueller-Stierlin, Annabel, Serban, Ana C., Ben-Sheetrit, Joseph, Vejnovic, Ana-Marija, Butler, Mary I., Balanza-Martinez, Vicent, Zaja, Nikola, Rus-Prelog, Polona, Strumila, Robertas, Teasdale, Scott B., Reininghaus, Eva Z., and Holasek, Sandra J.

Subjects
psychiatry_mental_health_studies, allergology
Abstract

Nutritional interventions have beneficial effects on certain psychiatric disorder symptomatology and common physical health comorbidities. However, studies evaluating nutritional literacy in mental health professionals (MHP) are scarce. This study aimed to assess the degree of self-rated training and literacy relating to nutrition in MHPs. We conducted a cross-sectional survey across 52-countries. Surveys were distributed via colleagues and professional societies. Data were collected regarding self-reported general nutrition knowledge, nutrition education, learning opportunities, and the tendency to recommend food supplements or specific diets in clinical practice. In total, 1056 subjects participated in the study: 354 psychiatrists, 511 psychologists, 44 psychotherapists, and 147 MHPs in-training. All participants believed the diet quality of individuals with mental disorders was poorer compared to the general population (p

Published
2021

20. Psychobiotics: Evolution of novel antidepressants

Author

Dinan, Timothy G., Butler, Mary I., and Cryan, John F.

Subjects
Microbiota transplant, Microbial diversity, Depression, Gut bacteria, Gut-brain axis, Psychobiotics
Abstract

The gut-brain axis is a bidirectional communication system which allows the central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract to interact with and respond to each other rapidly and effectively. It is becoming increasingly clear that major players in this complex system are gut bacteria. The mechanisms of signal transmission from bacteria to the brain are complex and not fully elucidated, but include neural, endocrine, immune, and metabolic pathways. It was initially demonstrated in a rodent model of depression that the gut microbiota was altered. This observation has been replicated in patients with major depression who show decreased microbial diversity. Furthermore, when rodents receive a microbiota transplant from a depressed patient their behaviour alters, as does their tryptophan metabolism and immune status. Several studies of psychobiotics (bacteria with a potential mental health benefit) have been conducted in healthy populations and in patients with depression. While some psychobiotics have shown efficacy in treating depression, other bacteria have yielded negative findings. Larger-scale, well-designed studies are required. EU-funded guidelines recommend that patients with depression or vulnerability to depression should be encouraged to enhance a plant-based diet with a high content of grains/fibres, fermented foods, and fish. A significant impact of such a diet is likely mediated through the gut microbiota.

Published
2021

21. 'An Apple A Day'?: Psychiatrists, Psychologists and Psycho- therapists Report Poor Literacy for Nutritional Medicine: Inter- national Survey Spanning 52 Countries

Author

Mörkl, Sabrina, Stell, Linda, Buhai, Diana V, Schweinzer, Melanie, Wagner-Skacel, Jolana, Vajda, Christian, Lackner, Sonja, Bengesser, Susanne A, Lahousen, Theresa, Painold, Annamaria, Oberascher, Andreas, Tatschl, Josef M, Fellinger, Matthäus, Müller-Stierlin, Annabel, Serban, Ana C, Ben-Sheetrit, Joseph, Ana-Marija Vejnovic, Butler, Mary I, Balanzá-Martínez, Vicent, Zaja, Nikola, Rus-Prelog, Polona, Strumila, Robertas, Teasdale, Scott B, Reininghaus, Eva Z, and Holasek, Sandra J

Published
2021
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22. ‘An Apple a Day’?: Psychiatrists, Psychologists and Psychotherapists Report Poor Literacy for Nutritional Medicine: International Survey Spanning 52 Countries

Author

Mörkl, Sabrina, primary, Stell, Linda, additional, Buhai, Diana V., additional, Schweinzer, Melanie, additional, Wagner-Skacel, Jolana, additional, Vajda, Christian, additional, Lackner, Sonja, additional, Bengesser, Susanne A., additional, Lahousen, Theresa, additional, Painold, Annamaria, additional, Oberascher, Andreas, additional, Tatschl, Josef M., additional, Fellinger, Matthäus, additional, Müller-Stierlin, Annabel, additional, Serban, Ana C., additional, Ben-Sheetrit, Joseph, additional, Vejnovic, Ana-Marija, additional, Butler, Mary I., additional, Balanzá-Martínez, Vicent, additional, Zaja, Nikola, additional, Rus-Prelog, Polona, additional, Strumila, Robertas, additional, Teasdale, Scott B., additional, Reininghaus, Eva Z., additional, and Holasek, Sandra J., additional

Published
2021
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23. Sleep and Microbiome in Psychiatric Diseases

Author

Wagner-Skacel, Jolana, primary, Dalkner, Nina, additional, Moerkl, Sabrina, additional, Kreuzer, Kathrin, additional, Farzi, Aitak, additional, Lackner, Sonja, additional, Painold, Annamaria, additional, Reininghaus, Eva Z., additional, Butler, Mary I., additional, and Bengesser, Susanne, additional

Published
2020
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24. Psychobiotics

Author

Mörkl, Sabrina, additional, Butler, Mary I., additional, Cichini, Franziska, additional, Cryan, John F., additional, and Dinan, Timothy G., additional

Published
2020
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25. Recipe for a Healthy Gut: Intake of Unpasteurised Milk Is Associated with Increased Lactobacillus Abundance in the Human Gut Microbiome

Author

Butler, Mary I., primary, Bastiaanssen, Thomaz F. S., additional, Long-Smith, Caitriona, additional, Berding, Kirsten, additional, Morkl, Sabrina, additional, Cusack, Anne-Marie, additional, Strain, Conall, additional, Busca, Kizkitza, additional, Porteous-Allen, Penny, additional, Claesson, Marcus J., additional, Stanton, Catherine, additional, Cryan, John F., additional, Allen, Darina, additional, and Dinan, Timothy G., additional

Published
2020
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26. Personality Structure and Attachment in Bipolar Disorder

Author

Wagner-Skacel, Jolana, primary, Bengesser, Susanne, additional, Dalkner, Nina, additional, Mörkl, Sabrina, additional, Painold, Annamaria, additional, Hamm, Carlo, additional, Pilz, René, additional, Rieger, Alexandra, additional, Kapfhammer, Hans-Peter, additional, Hiebler-Ragger, Michaela, additional, Jauk, Emanuel, additional, Butler, Mary I., additional, and Reininghaus, Eva Z., additional

Published
2020
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28. Extrapyramidal reactions following treatment with antidepressants: Results of the AMSP multinational drug surveillance programme

Author

Mörkl, Sabrina, primary, Seltenreich, Daniel, additional, Letmaier, Martin, additional, Bengesser, Susanne, additional, Wurm, Walter, additional, Grohmann, Renate, additional, Bleich, Stefan, additional, Toto, Sermin, additional, Stübner, Susanne, additional, Butler, Mary I., additional, and Kasper, Siegfried, additional

Published
2019
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31. Extrapyramidal reactions following treatment with antidepressants: Results of the AMSP multinational drug surveillance programme.

Author

Mörkl, Sabrina, Seltenreich, Daniel, Letmaier, Martin, Bengesser, Susanne, Wurm, Walter, Grohmann, Renate, Bleich, Stefan, Toto, Sermin, Stübner, Susanne, Butler, Mary I., and Kasper, Siegfried

Subjects
ANTIDEPRESSANTS, DRUG utilization, SEROTONIN uptake inhibitors, DRUG side effects
Abstract

Objectives: Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) are a common adverse effect of antipsychotics. However, there are case reports describing EPS following treatment with antidepressants. It is not fully understood how antidepressants cause EPS, but a serotonergic input to dopaminergic pathways is a probable mechanism of action. Methods: Data from a multicenter drug-surveillance programme (AMSP, 'drug safety in psychiatry') which systemically documents severe drug reactions during psychiatric inpatient admissions, were reviewed to assess for EPS associated with antidepressant treatment. We identified 15 such cases, which were studied to detect similarities and to characterise risk factors. Results: We report on 15 patients with EPS following antidepressant-therapy between 1994 and 2016. EPS frequently occurred with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) treatment alone (7/15 cases) or concomitant SSRI treatment (6/15 cases). EPS were most frequent with escitalopram-treatment (5 cases). The most common EPS was atypical dyskinesia (6/15 cases) followed by akathisia (4/15 cases). The mean age of onset for EPS was 54.93 years (SD 17.9). EPS occurred at any dosage and equally often in men and women. Conclusions: Our results highlight the possibility of EPS as an important, although uncommon, adverse effect of antidepressants. Clinicians should beware of this adverse effect and monitor early warning signs carefully. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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34. Psychobiotics: Evolution of Novel Antidepressants.

Author

Dinan TG, Butler MI, and Cryan JF

Subjects
Animals, Brain metabolism, Humans, Psychotropic Drugs pharmacology, Biological Products pharmacology, Depression diet therapy, Depression metabolism, Diet Therapy methods, Gastrointestinal Microbiome physiology
Abstract

The gut-brain axis is a bidirectional communication system which allows the central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract to interact with and respond to each other rapidly and effectively. It is becoming increasingly clear that major players in this complex system are gut bacteria. The mechanisms of signal transmission from bacteria to the brain are complex and not fully elucidated, but include neural, endocrine, immune, and metabolic pathways. It was initially demonstrated in a rodent model of depression that the gut microbiota was altered. This observation has been replicated in patients with major depression who show decreased microbial diversity. Furthermore, when rodents receive a microbiota transplant from a depressed patient their behaviour alters, as does their tryptophan metabolism and immune status. Several studies of psychobiotics (bacteria with a potential mental health benefit) have been conducted in healthy populations and in patients with depression. While some psychobiotics have shown efficacy in treating depression, other bacteria have yielded negative findings. Larger-scale, well-designed studies are required. EU-funded guidelines recommend that patients with depression or vulnerability to depression should be encouraged to enhance a plant-based diet with a high content of grains/fibres, fermented foods, and fish. A significant impact of such a diet is likely mediated through the gut microbiota., (© 2021 S. Karger AG, Basel.)

Published
2021
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