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6. Study of the effect of local forcing on the fractal behaviour of shallow groundwater levels in a riparian aquifer.

Author

Habib, Abrar, Paschalis, Athanasios, Onof, Christian, Bloomfield, John P., Sorensen, James P. R., and Butler, Adrian P.

Subjects
RAINFALL, AQUIFERS, DRAINAGE, WATER table, GROUNDWATER recharge
Abstract

With the help of a physically based recharge‐groundwater flow model and robust detrended fluctuation analysis (r‐DFAn), the effect of local (catchment‐scale) forcing on groundwater levels' scaling behaviour in a riparian aquifer in Wallingford, UK, is investigated. The local forcings investigated in this study include the rainfall's temporal scaling behaviour (which is simulated by changing rainfall's intermittency parameter in a β‐lognormal multiplicative random cascade model), the aquifer's physical parameters (saturated hydraulic conductivity, specific yield, the empirical coefficients of the water retention curve and the river stage's scaling behaviour). Groundwater level's scaling behaviour was found to be most sensitive to rainfall's fractal behaviour. Additionally, there is preliminary evidence suggesting that changes to the rainfall's local scaling behaviour (i.e., change to the series' scaling that induces crossovers) affects the groundwater's and the recharge's local scaling behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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15. 3D-printed Ag–AgCl electrodes for laboratory measurements of self-potential.

Author

Rowan, Thomas S. L., Karantoni, Vilelmini A., Butler, Adrian P., and Jackson, Matthew D.

Subjects
ELECTRODES, THREE-dimensional printing, LABORATORY equipment & supplies, COST control, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY
Abstract

This paper details the design, development, and evaluation of a 3D-printed rechargeable Ag–AgCl electrode to measure self-potential (SP) in laboratory experiments. The challenge was to make a small, cheap, robust, and stable electrode that could be used in a wide range of applications. The new electrodes are shown to offer comparable performance to custom-machined laboratory standards, and the inclusion of 3D printing (fused filament fabrication or FFF and stereolithography or SLA) makes them more versatile and significantly less expensive – of the order of ×40 to ×75 cost reduction – to construct than laboratory standards. The devices are demonstrated in both low-pressure experiments using bead packs and high-pressure experiments using natural rock samples. Designs are included for both male and female connections to laboratory equipment. We report design drawings, practical advice for electrode printing and assembly, and printable 3D design files to facilitate wide uptake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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17. Green infrastructure and climate change impacts on the flows and water quality of urban catchments: Salmons Brook and Pymmes Brook in north-east London

Author

Bussi, Gianbattista, Whitehead, Paul G., Nelson, Rosie, Bryden, John, Jackson, Christopher R., Hughes, Andrew G., Butler, Adrian P., Landström, Catharina, Peters, Helge, Dadson, Simon, Russell, Ian, Bussi, Gianbattista, Whitehead, Paul G., Nelson, Rosie, Bryden, John, Jackson, Christopher R., Hughes, Andrew G., Butler, Adrian P., Landström, Catharina, Peters, Helge, Dadson, Simon, and Russell, Ian

Abstract

Poor water quality is a widespread issue in urban rivers and streams in London. Localised pollution can have impacts on local communities, from health issues to environmental degradation and restricted recreational use of water. The Salmons and Pymmes Brooks, located in the London Borough of Enfield, flow into the River Lee, and in this paper, the impacts of misconnected sewers, urban runoff and atmospheric pollution have been evaluated. The first step towards finding a sustainable and effective solution to these issues is to identify sources and paths of pollutants and to understand their cycle through catchments and rivers. The INCA water quality model has been applied to the Salmons and Pymmes urban catchments in north-east London, with the aim of providing local communities and community action groups such as Thames21 with a tool they can use to assess the water quality issue. INCA is a process-based, dynamic flow and quality model, and so it can account for daily changes in temperature, flow, water velocity and residence time that all affect reaction kinetics and hence chemical flux. As INCA is process-based, a set of mitigation strategies have been evaluated including constructed wetland across the catchment to assess pollution control. The constructed wetlands can make a significant difference reducing sediment transport and improving nutrient control for nitrogen and phosphorus. The results of this paper show that a substantial reduction in nitrate, ammonium and phosphorus concentrations can be achieved if a proper catchment-scale wetland implementation strategy is put in place. Furthermore, the paper shows how the nutrient reduction efficiency of the wetlands should not be affected by climate change.

Published
2022

18. Fractal domain refinement of models simulating hydrological time series

Author

Habib, Abrar, Butler, Adrian P., Bloomfield, John P., Sorensen, James P.R., Habib, Abrar, Butler, Adrian P., Bloomfield, John P., and Sorensen, James P.R.

Abstract

Fractal analysis of a time series provides information on how the series varies across all (possible) temporal scales with respect to a given statistical measure. Dynamic hydrological models are typically optimized/calibrated using performance criteria defined in the time domain; however, the performance of models in simulating the fluctuation structure of a time series is seldom investigated. We use a multi-objective pattern search algorithm to calibrate a combined 15-minute resolution recharge–groundwater flow model. The non-dominated simulations of the model are then analysed in the fractal domain using robust detrended fluctuation analysis. The results show that some non-dominated simulations can be eliminated based on poor performance in the fractal domain, hence ensuring that the fluctuation structure of the optimized simulations is captured; this was named fractal-domain-refinement. Furthermore, some recharge parameters are sensitive to fractal-domain-refinement. This gives insights into which parameters are sensitive to the fractal behaviour of the simulated variable.

Published
2022

20. Green infrastructure and climate change impacts on the flows and water quality of urban catchments: Salmons Brook and Pymmes Brook in north-east London

Author

Bussi, Gianbattista, primary, Whitehead, Paul G., additional, Nelson, Rosie, additional, Bryden, John, additional, Jackson, Christopher R., additional, Hughes, Andrew G., additional, Butler, Adrian P., additional, Landström, Catharina, additional, Peters, Helge, additional, Dadson, Simon, additional, and Russell, Ian, additional

Published
2022
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21. Study of the effect of local forcing on the fractal behavior of shallow groundwater levels in a riparian aquifer.

Author

Habib, Abrar, Paschalis, Athanasios, Butler, Adrian P., Onof, Christian, Bloomfield, John P., and Sorensen, James P. R.

Abstract

With the help of a physically based recharge-groundwater flow model and robust detrended fluctuation analysis (r-DFAn), the effect of local (catchment-scale) forcing on groundwater levels' scaling behavior in a riparian aquifer in Wallingford, UK, is investigated. The local forcings investigated in this study include the rainfall's temporal scaling behavior (which is simulated by changing rainfall's intermittency parameter in a β - lognormal multiplicative random cascade model), the aquifer's physical parameters (saturated hydraulic conductivity, specific yield, the empirical coefficients of the water retention curve, and the river stage's scaling behavior). Groundwater level's scaling behaviour was found to be most sensitive to rainfall's fractal behaviour. Additionally, there is preliminary evidence suggesting that changes to the rainfall's local scaling behaviour (i.e., change to the series' scaling that induces crossovers) affects the groundwater's and the recharge's local scaling behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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22. 3D-printed Ag-AgCl Electrodes for Laboratory Measurements of Self-Potential.

Author

Rowan, Thomas S. L., Karantoni, Vilelmini A., Butler, Adrian P., and Jackson, Matthew D.

Subjects
ELECTRODES, THREE-dimensional printing, LABORATORY equipment & supplies, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY
Abstract

This paper details the design, development and evaluation of a 3D printed, rechargeable, Ag-AgCl electrode to measure Self-Potential (SP) in laboratory experiments. The challenge was to make a small, cheap, robust and stable electrode that could be used in a wide range of applications. The new electrodes are shown to offer comparable performance with custom-machined laboratory standards, and the inclusion of 3D printing (both Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) and stereolithography (SLA)) makes them more versatile and less expensive than laboratory standards. The devices have been used in both low-pressure experiments using beadpacks, and high-pressure experiments using natural rock samples. Designs are included for both male and female connections to laboratory equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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23. 3D-printed Ag-AgCl Electrodes for Laboratory Measurements of Self-Potential.

Author

Leacroft Rowan, Thomas Simon, Karantoni, Vilelmini A., Butler, Adrian P., and Jackson, M. D.

Subjects
ELECTRODES, THREE-dimensional printing, LABORATORY equipment & supplies, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY
Abstract

This paper details the design, development and evaluation of a 3D printed, rechargeable, Ag-AgCl electrode measure Self-Potential (SP) in laboratory experiments. The challenge was to make a small, cheap, robust and stable electrode that could be used in a wide range of applications. The new electrodes are shown to offer comparable performance with custom-machined laboratory standards, and the inclusion of 3D printing (both Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) and stereolithography (SLA) makes them more versatile and less expensive than laboratory standards. The devices have been used in both low-pressure experiments using beadpacks, and high-pressure experiments using natural rock samples. Designs are included for both male and female connections to laboratory equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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25. Approximate solutions for Forchheimer flow to a well

Author

Mathias, Simon A., Butler, Adrian P., and Zhan, and Hongbin

Subjects
Turbulence -- Observations, Approximation theory -- Methods, Finite element method -- Usage, Hydraulic engineering -- Research, Engineering and manufacturing industries, Science and technology
Abstract

An exact solution for transient Forchheimer flow to a well does not currently exist. However, this paper presents a set of approximate solutions, which can be used as a framework for verifying future numerical models that incorporate Forchheimer flow to wells. These include: a large time approximation derived using the method of matched asymptotic expansion; a Laplace transform approximation of the well-bore response, designed to work well when there is significant well-bore storage and flow is very turbulent; and a simple heuristic function for when flow is very turbulent and the well radius can be assumed infinitesimally small. All the approximations are compared to equivalent finite-difference solutions. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2008) 134:9(1318) CE Database subject headings: Turbulent flow; Wells; Hydraulics; Numerical models; Finite difference method.

Published
2008

31. Drinking water salinity and raised blood pressure: evidence from a cohort study in coastal Bangladesh

Author

Scheelbeek, Pauline F.D., Chowdhury, Muhammad A.H., Haines, Andy, Alum, Dewan S., Hoque, Mohammad A., Butler, Adrian P., Khan, Aneire E., Mojumder, Sontosh K., Blangiardo, Marta A.G., Elliott, Paul, and Vineis, Paolo

Subjects
Salinity -- Research, Drinking water -- Health aspects, Blood pressure -- Health aspects, Environmental issues, Health
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Millions of coastal inhabitants in Southeast Asia have been experiencing increasing sodium concentrations in their drinking-water sources, likely partially due to climate change. High (dietary) sodium intake has convincingly been proven to increase risk of hypertension; it remains unknown, however, whether consumption of sodium in drinking water could have similar effects on health. OBJECTIVES: We present the results of a cohort study in which we assessed the effects of drinking-water sodium (DWS) on blood pressure (BP) in coastal populations in Bangladesh. METHODS: DWS, BP, and information on personal, lifestyle, and environmental factors were collected from 581 participants. We used generalized linear latent and mixed methods to model the effects of DWS on BP and assessed the associations between changes in DWS and BP when participants experienced changing sodium levels in water, switched from 'conventional' ponds or tube wells to alternatives [managed aquifer recharge (MAR) and rainwater harvesting] that aimed to reduce sodium levels, or experienced a combination of these changes. RESULTS: DWS concentrations were highly associated with BP after adjustments for confounding factors. Furthermore, for each 100 mg/L reduction in sodium in drinking water, systolic/diastolic BP was lower on average by 0.95/0.57 mmHg, and odds of hypertension were lower by 14%. However, MAR did not consistently lower sodium levels. CONCLUSIONS: DWS is an important source of daily sodium intake in salinity- affected areas and is a risk factor for hypertension. Considering the likely increasing trend in coastal salinity, prompt action is required. Because MAR showed variable effects, alternative technologies for providing reliable, safe, low-sodium fresh water should be developed alongside improvements in MAR and evaluated in 'real-life' salinity- affected settings. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP659, Introduction Low-lying deltas, such as Bangladesh, have been experiencing increasing numbers of storm surges over recent decades, inundating densely populated coastal areas (Singh et al. 2000). This trend is believed [...]

Published
2017
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32. Seasonal and interannual behaviour of groundwater catchment boundaries in a Chalk aquifer

Author

Parker, Simon J., Butler, Adrian P., and Jackson, Christopher R.

Abstract

Groundwater catchment boundaries and their associated groundwater catchment areas are typically assumed to be fixed on a seasonal basis. We investigated whether this was true for a highly permeable carbonate aquifer in England, the Berkshire and Marlborough Downs Chalk aquifer, using both borehole hydrograph data and a physics-based distributed regional groundwater model. Borehole hydrograph data time series were used to construct a monthly interpolated water table surface, from which was then derived a monthly groundwater catchment boundary. Results from field data showed that the mean annual variation in groundwater catchment area was about 20% of the mean groundwater catchment area, but interannual variation can be very large, with the largest estimated catchment size being approximately 80% greater than the smallest. The flow in the river was also dependent on the groundwater catchment area. Model results corroborated those based on field data. These findings have significant implications for issues such as definition of source protection zones, recharge estimates based on water balance calculations and integrated conceptual modelling of surface water and groundwater systems

Published
2016
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33. Medical Hydrogeology of Asian Deltas: Status of Groundwater Toxicants and Nutrients, and Implications for Human Health

Author

Hoque, Mohammad A., Butler, Adrian P., The Leverhulme Trust, and Wellcome Trust

Subjects
Asia, lcsh:R, arsenic, lcsh:Medicine, minerals, Toxicology, Article, Soil, delta, Nutrition Assessment, medical hydrogeology, nutrients, MD Multidisciplinary, groundwater, Humans, Water Pollutants, Chemical
Abstract

Drinking water, a fluid primarily for human hydration, is also a source of mineral nutrients. Groundwater, a drinking water source for more than 70% of inhabitants living in Asian deltas, has received much attention because of its naturally occurring arsenic, but the linkage of arsenic toxicity with other water constituents has not been studied. In addition, although nutrients are generally provided by food, in under developed rural settings, where people subsist on low nutrient diets, drinking-water-nutrients may supply quantities critical to human health thereby preventing diseases. Here, we show, using augmented datasets from three Asian deltas (Bengal, Mekong, and Red River), that the chemical content of groundwater is so substantial that in some areas individuals obtain up to 50% or more of the recommended daily intake (RDI) of some nutrients (e.g., calcium, magnesium, iron) from just two litres of drinking water. We also show some indications of a spatial association of groundwater nutrients and health outcome using demographic health data from Bangladesh. We therefore suggest that an understanding of the association of non-communicable disease and poor nutrition cannot be developed, particularly in areas with high levels of dissolved solids in water sources, without considering the contribution of drinking water to nutrient and mineral supply.

Published
2015

34. High concentrations of sodium in drinking water and raised blood pressure in coastal deltas affected by episodic seawater inundations

Author

Scheelbeek, Pauline F D, primary, Chowdhury, Muhammad AH, additional, Haines, Andy, additional, Alam, Dewan S, additional, Hoque, Mohammad A, additional, Butler, Adrian P., additional, Khan, Aneire E, additional, Mojumder, Sontosh K, additional, Blangiardo, Marta A G, additional, Elliott, Paul, additional, and Vineis, Paolo, additional

Published
2016
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35. The impact of latrine contents and emptying practices on nitrogen contamination of well water in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal.

Author

Hammoud, Acile S., Leung, Jessica, Tripathi, Sabitri, Butler, Adrian P., Sule, May N., and Templeton, Michael R.

Subjects
TOILETS, BIOCHEMICAL oxygen demand, GROUNDWATER quality
Abstract

Leaching of nitrogen-containing compounds (e.g., ammonia, nitrate) from pit latrines and seepage tanks into groundwater may pose health risks, given that groundwater is a significant source for drinking water in many low-income countries. In this study, three communities within Kathmandu, Nepal (Manohara, Kupondole, and Lokanthali) were visited to investigate the impact of pit latrines on groundwater quality, with a focus on understanding the fate of nitrogen-containing compounds specifically. Well water samples were analyzed over two seasons (wet and dry) for their nitrogen content, dissolved oxygen (DO), chemical oxidation demand (COD), and oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), and samples collected from within the nearby pits were also analyzed to determine nitrogen content and COD. Hand dug wells were found to be more likely receptors of contamination than tube wells, as expected, with inter-well variations related to the relative redox conditions in the wells. Increased pit-emptying frequency was related to lower levels of nitrogen in the latrines and in the nearest wells, suggesting this may be an effective strategy for reducing the risks of groundwater contamination in such settings, all else being equal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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36. Effects of antiplatelet therapy after stroke due to intracerebral haemorrhage (RESTART): a randomised, open-label trial

Author

Al-Shahi Salman, Rustam, Dennis, MS, Sandercock, PAG, Sudlow, CLM, Wardlaw, JM, Whiteley, WN, Murray, GD, Stephen, J, Newby, DE, Sprigg, N, Werring, DJ, White, PM, Baigent, Colin, Lasserson, Daniel, Sullivan, Frank, Carrie, Johanna, Rojas, Javier, Amoils, Shannon, Bamford, John, Armitage, Jane, Rinkel, Gabriel, Lowe, Gordon, Emberson, Jonathan, Innes, Karen, Dinsmore, Lynn, Drever, Jonathan, Williams, Carol, Perry, David, McGill, Connor, Buchanan, David, Walker, Allan, Hutchison, Aidan, Matthews, Christopher, Fraser, Ruth, McGrath, Aileen, Deary, Ann, Anderson, Rosemary, Walker, Pauli, Hansen, Christian, Parker, Richard, Rodriguez, Aryelly, Macleod, MR, Gattringer, Thomas, Palmer, Jeb, Sakka, Eleni, Adil-Smith, Jennifer, Minks, David, Mitra, Dipayan, Bhatnagar, Priya, du Plessis, Johannes, Joshi, Yogish, Lerpiniere, Christine, O'Brien, Richard, Burgess, Seona, Mead, Gillian, Paulton, Ruth, Doubal, Fergus, McCormick, Katrina, Hunter, Neil, Taylor, Pat, Parakramawansha, Ruwan, Perry, Jack, Blair, Gordon, MacRaild, Allan, Parry-Jones, Adrian, Johnes, Mary, Lee, Stephanie, Shaw, Kelly Marie, Burger, Ilse, Punter, Martin, Ingham, Andrea, Perez, Jane, Naing, Zin, Morell, Jordi, Marsden, Tracy, Hall, Andrea, Marshall, Sally, Harrison, Louise, Jarapa, Rowilson, Wood, Edith, O'Loughlin, Victoria, Cohen, David, Davies, Silvie, Njoku, Kelechi, Mpelembue, Mushiya, Burgess, Laura, Licenik, Radim, Ngwako, Mmua, Nisar, Nabeela, Niranchanan, Rangah, Roganova, Tatjana, Bathula, Rajaram, Devine, Joseph, David, Anette, Oshodi, Anne, Guo, Fenglin, Owoyele, Emmanuelle, Sukdeo, Varthi, Ballantine, Robert, Abbdul-saheb, Mudhar, Chamberlain, Angela, Chandrakumar, Aberami, Poku, Philip, Harkness, Kirsty, Blank, Catrin, Richards, Emma, Ali, Ali, Kibutu, Faith, Balitska, Olesia, Birchall, Kathryn, Bayliss, Pauline, Doyle, Clare, Stocks, Kathy, Majis, Arshad, Howe, Jo, Kamara, Christine, Barron, Luke, Maatouk, Ahmad, Lindert, Ralf, Dakin, Katy, Redgrave, Jessica, Bhaskaran, Biju, Salih, Isam, Kelly, Debs, Szabo, Susan, Tomlin, Dawn, Bearne, Helen, Buxton, Jean, Fitzell, Pauline, Ayres, Georgina, Saulat, Afaq, Horan, Kathleen, Garfield-Smith, Joanne, Bhakri, Harbens, Guyler, Paul, Sinha, Devesh, Loganathan, Thayalini, Siddiqui, Amber, Siddiqui, Anwer, Coward, Lucy, Kunhunny, Swapna, Tysoe, Sharon, Orath Prabakaran, Rajalakshmi, Kelavkar, Shyam, Rashmi, Sindhu, Ngo, David, Ng, Kheng Xiong, Menon, Nisha, Shah, Sweni, Barber, Mark, Esson, Derek, Brodie, Fiona, Anjum, Talat, Wani, Mushtaq, Krishnan, Manju, Quinn, Leanne, Spencer, Jayne, Jones, Terry, Thompson-Jones, Helen, Dacey, Lynne, Chenna, Srikanth, Storton, Sharon, Thomas, Sarah, Beaty, Teresa, Treadwell, Shelley, Davies, Caroline, Tucker, Susan, Connor, Lynda, Slade, Peter, Gainard, Glyn, Muddegowda, Girish, Sanyal, Ranjan, Remegoso, Alda, Abano, Nenette, Causley, Chelsea, Carpio, Racquel, Stevens, Stephanie, Butler, Adrian, Varquez, Resti, Denic, Hayley, Alipio, Francis, Moores, Andrew, Barry, Adrian, Maguire, Holly, Grocott, Jeanette, Finney, Kay, Lyjko, Sue, Roffe, Christine, Hiden, Joanne, Ferdinand, Phillip, Cvoro, Vera, Ullah, Khalil, Chapman, Nicola, Couser, Mandy, Pound, Susan, McCormick, Katrina, Mcauley, Sean, Raghunathan, Senthil, Shelton, Faye, Hedstrom, Amanda, Godfrey, Margi, Havard, Diane, Buck, Amanda, Krishnan, Kailash, Gilzeane, Nicola, Roffe, Jack, Clarke, Judith, Whittamore, Katherine, Sheikh, Saima, Keshvara, Rekha, Jordan, Carla, Jackson, Benjamin, Wilkes, Gwendoline, Appleton, Jason, Law, Zhe, Matias, Oliver, Vasileiadis, Evangelos, Mason, Cathy, Parry, Anthea, Landers, Geraldine, Holden, Melinda, Aweid, Basaam, Rashed, Khalid, Balian, Linda, Vickers, Carinna, Keeling, Elizabeth, Board, Sarah, Allison, Joanna, Buckley, Clare, Williams-Yesson, Barbara, Board, Joanne, Pitt-Kerby, Tressy, Tanate, Alfonso, Wood, Diane, Kini, Manohar, Chadha, Dinesh, Walstow, Deborah, Fong, Rosanna, Luder, Robert, Adesina, Tolu, Gallagher, Jill, Bridger, Hayley, Murali, Elodie, Bhargava, Maneesh, van Someren, Chloe, Harrington, Frances, Mate, Abhijit, James, Ali, Courtauld, Gillian, Schofield, Christine, Adie, Katja, Lucas, Linda, Bond, Kirsty, Maund, Bev, Ellis, Sam, Mudd, Paul, James, Martin, Keenan, Samantha, Bowring, Angela, Cageao, Julie, Kingwell, Hayley, Roughan, Caroline, Hemsley, Anthony, Sword, Jane, Strain, David, Miller, Keniesha, Goff, Anita, Gupwell, Karin, Thorpe, Kevin, Emsley, Hedley, Punekar, Shuja, McLoughlin, Alison, Sultan, Sulaiman, Gregory, Bindu, Raj, Sonia, Doyle, Donna, Muir, Keith, Smith, Wilma, Welch, Angela, Moreton, Fiona, Cheripelli, Bharath Kumar, El Tawil, Salwa, Kalladka, Dheeraj, Huang, Xuya, Day, Nicola, Ramachandran, Sankaranarayanan, Crosbie, Caroline, Elliot, Jennifer, Rudd, Tony, Marks, Katherine, Bhalla, Ajay, Birns, Jonathan, Kullane, Sagal, Weir, Nic, Allen, Christopher, Pressly, Vanessa, Crawford, Pam, Battersby-Wood, Emma, Blades, Alex, Egerton, Shuna, Walters, Ashleigh, Evans, Sue, Marigold, James Richard, Smith, Fiona, Howard, Gabriella, Gartrell, Imogen, Smith, Simon, Creeden, Robyn, Cox, Chloe, Boxall, Cherish, Hewitt, Jonathan, Nott, Claire, Sarah, Procter, Whiteman, Jessica, Buckle, Steve, Wallace, Rebecca, Mardania, Rina, Gray, Jane, Triscott, Claire, Nair, Anand, Greig, Jill, Rana, Pratap, Robinson, Matthew, Alam, Mohammad Irfan, Wilson, Duncan, Watchurst, Caroline, Brezitski, Maria, Crook, Luci, Jones, Ifan, Banaras, Azra, Patel, Krishna, Erande, Renuka, Hogan, Caroline, Hostettler, Isabel, Ashton, Amy, Feerick, Shez, Francia, Nina, Oji, Nnebuife, Elliott, Emma, Al-Mayhani, Talal, Lerpiniere, Christine, Fraser, Ruth, Dutta, Dipankar, Brown, Pauline, Ward, Deborah, Davis, Fiona, Turfrey, Jennifer, Hughes, Chloe, Collins, Kayleigh, Bakawala, Rehana, O'Connell, Susan, Glass, Jon, Broughton, David, Tryambake, Dinesh, Dixon, Lynn, Chapman, Kath, Young, Andrew, Bergin, Adrian, Sigsworth, Andrew, Manoj, Aravind, Fletcher, Glyn, Lopez, Paula, Cox, Penelope, Wilkinson, Mark, Fitzsimmons, Paul, Sharma, Nikhil, Choulerton, James, Button, Denise, Dow, Lindsey, Gbadamoshi, Lukuman, Avis, Joanne, Madigan, Barbara, McCann, Stephanie, Shaw, Louise, Howcroft, Deborah, Lucas, Suzanne, Stone, Andrew, Cluckie, Gillian, Lovelock, Caroline, Clarke, Brian, Chopra, Neha, Clarke, Natasha, Patel, Bhavini, Kennedy, Kate, Williams, Rebecca, Blight, Adrian, O'Reilly, Joanna, Orefo, Chukwuka, Dayal, Nilofer, Ghatala, Rita, Adedoyin, Temi, Watson, Fran, Trippier, Sarah, Choy, Lillian, Moynihan, Barry, Khan, Usman, Jones, Val, Jeyaraj, Naomi, Kerin, Lourda, Thavanesan, Kamy, Tiwari, Divya, Cox, Chantel, Ljubez, Anja, Tucker, Laura, Iqbal, Arshi, Bagnall, Caroline, Keltos, Marketa, Roberts, Josh, Jupp, Becky, Ovington, Catherine, Rogers, Emily, David, Owen, Bell, Jo, Longland, Barbara, Hann, Gail, Cooper, Martin, Nasar, Mohammad, Rajapakse, Anoja, Wynter, Inez, Anwar, Ijaz, Skinner, Helen, Nozedar, Tarn, McArdle, Damian, Kumar, Balakrishna, Crawford, Susan, Annamalai, Arunkumar, Ramshaw, Alex, Holmes, Clare, Caine, Sarah, Osborn, Mairead, Dodd, Emily, Murphy, Peter, Devitt, Nicola, Baker, Pauline, Steele, Amy, Guthrie, Lucy Belle, Clarke, Samantha, Hassan, Ahamad, Waugh, Dean, Veraque, Emelda, Makawa, Linetty, Kambafwile, Mary, Randall, Marc, Papavasileiou, Vasileios, Cullen, Claire, Peters, Jenny, Thant, Hlaing, Ingram, Tanya, Zoe, Mellor, Durairaj, Ramesh, Harrison, Melanie, Stevenson, Sarah, Shackcloth, Daniela, Ewing, Jordan, Sutton, Victoria, McCarron, Mark, McKee, Jacqueline, Doherty, Mandy, McVerry, Ferghal, Blair, Caroline, MacLeod, Mary, Irvine, Janice, Gow, Heather, Furnace, Jacqueline, Joyson, Anu, Jagpal, Baljit, Ross, Sarah, Klaasen, Katrina, Nelson, Sandra, Clarke, Rebecca, Crouch, Nichola, MacLennan, Beverly, Taylor, Vicky, Epstein, Daniel, Jones, Ifan, Shukla, Avani, Krishnamurthy, Vinodh, Nicholas, Paul, Qureshi, Sammie, Webber, Adam, Penge, Justin, Ramadan, Hawraman, Maguire, Stuart, Patterson, Chris, Bellfield, Ruth, Hairsine, Brigid, Stewart, Kelvin, Hooley, Michaela, Quinn, Outi, Richard, Bella, Moseley, Sally, Nott, Claire, Buckle, Steve, Sarah, Procter, Whiteman, Jessica, Edwards, Mandy, Lawson, Heidi, Wallace, Rebecca, Triscott, Claire, Tayler, Michelle, Pai, Yogish, Dhakal, Mahesh, Esisi, Bernard, Dima, Sofia, Smith, Gemma Marie, Garside, Mark, Naeem, Muhammad, Baliga, Vidya, Rogers, Gill, Brown, Ellen, Bruce, David, Hayman, Rachel, Clayton, Susan, Gamble, Ed, Grue, Rebecca, Charles, Bethan, Hague, Adam, Blane, Sujata, Lambert, Caroline, Chaudhry, Afnan, Harrison, Thomas, Saastamoinen, Kari, Hove, Dionne, Howaniec, Laura, Grimwood, Gemma, Redjep, Ozlem, Humphries, Fiona, Argandona, Lucia, Cuenoud, Larissa, Erumere, Esther, Amlani, Sageet, Auld, Grace, Salek-Haddadi, Afraim, Schulz, Ursula, Kennedy, James, Ford, Gary, Mathieson, Philip, Reckless, Ian, Teal, Rachel, Lenti, Giulia, Harston, George, O'Brien, Eoin, Mcgee, Joanne, Mitchell, Jennifer, Amis, Elaine, Handley, Dominic, Kelly, Siobhan, Zachariah, George, Francis, Jobbin, Crisp, Sarah, Sesay, Juliana, Finlay, Sarah, Hayhoe, Helen, Hannon, Niamh, Hughes, Tom, Morse, Bethan, De Berker, Henry, Tallantyre, Emma, Osman, Ahmed, White, Susan, Schwarz, Stefan, Jelley, Benjamin, Yadava, Rajendra, Azhar, Khalid, Reddan, Julie, Sangombe, Mirriam, Stafford, Samantha, Fotherby, Ken, Morgan, Debbie, Baig, Farrukh, Jennings-Preece, Karla, Butler, Donna, Ahmad, Nasar, Willberry, Angela, Stevens, Angela, Rai, Baljinder, Siddegowda, Prasad, Howard, Peter, Saulat, Afaq, Hyatt, Lisa, Dobson, Tracey, Jarrett, David, Ponnambath, Suheil, Tandy, Jane, Harrington-Davies, Yasmin, Butler, Rebecca, James, Claire, Valentine, Stacey, Suttling, Anne, Langhorne, Peter, Kerr, Gillian, Wright, Fiona, Graham, Ruth, McAlpine, Christine, Iqbal, Mohammad Shahzad, Humphreys, Louise, Pasco, Kath, Balazikova, Olga, Nasim, Ashraf, Peixoto, Cassilda, Gallagher, Louise, Shahmehri, Shahrzad, Ghosh, Sandip, Barrie, Elizabeth, Gilmour, Danielle, Henry, Margo, Webb, Tom, Cowie, Linda, Rudenko, Hannah, 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Osborne, Emily, Wilson, David, Wroath, Belinda, Dynan, Kevin, Power, Michael, Thompson, Susan, Adell, Victoria, Orugun, Enoch, Poultney, Una, Glover, Rachel, Crowther, Hannah, Thornthwaite, Sarah, Wiggam, Ivan, Wallace, Aine, Kerr, Enda, Fulton, Ailsa, Hunter, Annemarie, Tauro, Suzanne, Cuddy, Sarah, Mangion, David, Hardwick, Anne, Markova, Skarlet, Lawrence, Tara, Constantin, Carmen, Fletcher, Jo, Thomas, Isobel, Pettitt, Kerry, Sekaran, Lakshmanan, Tate, Margaret, Bharaj, Kiranjit, Simon, Rohan, Justin, Frances, Sethuraman, Sakthivel, Phiri, Duke, Mohammed, Niaz, Chauhan, Meena, Elfandi, Khaled, Khan, Uzma, Stafford, Samantha, Reddan, Julie, Eveson, David, Mistri, Amit, Manning, Lisa, Khan, Shagufta, Patel, Champa, Moqsith, Mohammed, Sattar, Saira, Lam, Man Yee, Musarrat, Kashif, Stephens, Claire, Kalathil, Latheef, Miller, Richard, Salehin, Maqsud, Gautam, Nikki, Bailey, Duncan, Amor, Kelly, Meir, Julie, Nicolson, Anne, Imam, Javed, Wood, Lisa, White, Julie, Sajid, Mahmud, Ghaly, 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Martin, Irene, Hunt, Benjamin, Hassan, Hardi, O'Toole, Sarah, Dallol, Bander, Putterill, Janet, Jha, Ratneshwari, Gallifent, Rachel, Kakar, Puneet, Pusalkar, Aparna, Chan, Kelly, Dangri, Puneet, Beadle, Hannah, Cook, Angela, Crabtree, Karen, Subramonian, Santhosh, Owusu-Agyei, Peter, Temple, Natalie, Butterworth-Cowin, Nicola, Ragab, Suzanne, Knops, Kerstin, Jinks, Emma, Dickson, Christine, Gleave, Laura, Dube, Judith, Leggett, Jacqui, Garcia, Tatiana, Ispoglou, Sissy, Evans, Rachel, Ankolekar, Sandeep, Hayes, Anne, Ni, Hlaing, Rahman, Bithi, Milligan, Josette, Graham, Carol, Jose, Josin, Keegan, Breffni, Doherty, Mandy, Kelly, Jim, Blair, Caroline, Dewar, Richard, White, James, and Thomas, Kelly

Abstract

Antiplatelet therapy reduces the risk of major vascular events for people with occlusive vascular disease, although it might increase the risk of intracranial haemorrhage. Patients surviving the commonest subtype of intracranial haemorrhage, intracerebral haemorrhage, are at risk of both haemorrhagic and occlusive vascular events, but whether antiplatelet therapy can be used safely is unclear. We aimed to estimate the relative and absolute effects of antiplatelet therapy on recurrent intracerebral haemorrhage and whether this risk might exceed any reduction of occlusive vascular events.

Published
2019
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39. Effects of fluoxetine on functional outcomes after acute stroke (FOCUS): a pragmatic, double-blind, randomised, controlled trial

Author

Dennis, Martin, Mead, Gillian, Forbes, John, Graham, Catriona, Hackett, Maree, Hankey, Graeme J, House, Allan, Lewis, Stephanie, Lundström, Erik, Sandercock, Peter, Innes, Karen, Williams, Carol, Drever, Jonathan, Mcgrath, Aileen, Deary, Ann, Fraser, Ruth, Anderson, Rosemary, Walker, Pauli, Perry, David, Mcgill, Connor, Buchanan, David, Chun, Yvonne, Dinsmore, Lynn, Maschauer, Emma, Barugh, Amanda, Mikhail, Shadia, Blair, Gordon, Hoeritzauer, Ingrid, Scott, Maggie, Fraser, Greig, Lawrence, Katherine, Shaw, Alison, Williamson, Judith, Burgess, David, Macleod, Malcolm, Morales, Dan, Sullivan, Frank, Brady, Marian, French, Ray, Van Wijck, Frederike, Watkins, Caroline, Proudfoot, Fiona, Skwarski, Joanna, Mcgowan, Diane, Murphy, Rachael, Burgess, Seona, Rutherford, William, Mccormick, Katrina, Buchan, Ruaridh, Macraild, Allan, Paulton, Ruth, Fazal, Adnan, Taylor, Pat, Parakramawansha, Ruwan, Hunter, Neil, Perry, Jack, Bamford, John, Waugh, Dean, Veraque, Emelda, Bedford, Caroline, Kambafwile, Mary, Idrovo, Luis, Makawa, Linetty, Smalley, Paula, Randall, Marc, Thirugnana-Chandran, Tharani, Hassan, Ahamad, Vowden, Richard, Jackson, Joanne, Bhalla, Ajay, Rudd, Anthony, Tam, Chi Kai, Birns, Jonathan, Gibbs, Charlotte, Lee Carbon, Leonie, Cattermole, Elizabeth, Marks, Katherine, Cape, Angela, Hurley, Lisa, Kullane, Sagal, Smyth, Nigel, Eglinton, Charlotte, Wilson, Jennifer, Giallombardo, Elio, Frith, Angela, Reidy, Paul, Pitt, Matthew, Sykes, Lucy, Dellafera, Deborah, Croome, Victoria, Kerwood, Lauriane, Hancevic, Mirea, Narh, Christina, Merritt, Carley, Duffy, John, Cooke, Duncan, Willson, Juliet, Ali, Ali, Naqvi, Aaizza, Kamara, Christine, Bowler, Helen, Bell, Simon, Jackson, Tracy, Harkness, Kirsty, Stocks, Kathy, Duty, Suzanna, Doyle, Clare, Dunn, Geoffrey, Endean, Keith, Claydon, Fiona, Richards, Emma, Howe, Jo, Lindert, Ralf, Majid, Arshad, Dakin, Katy, Maatouk, Ahmad, Barron, Luke, Meegada, Madana, Rana, Pratap, Nair, Anand, Brighouse-Johnson, Christine, Greig, Jill, Kyu, Myint, Prasad, Sanjeev, Robinson, Matthew, Alam, Irfan, Mclean, Belinda, Greenhalgh, Lindsay, Ahmed, Zenab, Roffe, Christine, Brammer, Susan, Beardmore, Carole, Finney, Kay, Barry, Adrian, Hollinshead, Paul, Grocott, Jeanette, Maguire, Holly, Natarajan, Indira, Chembala, Jayan, Sanyal, Ranjan, Lijko, Sue, Abano, Nenette, Remegoso, Alda, Ferdinand, Phillip, Stevens, Stephanie, Varquez, Resti, Causley, Chelsea, Butler, Adrian, Whitmore, Philip, Stephen, Caroline, Carpio, Racquel, Hiden, Joanne, Muddegowda, Girish, Denic, Hayley, Sword, Jane, Curwen, Ross, James, Martin, Mudd, Paul, Hall, Fiona, Cageao, Julie, Keenan, Samantha, Roughan, Caroline, Kingwell, Hayley, Hemsley, Anthony, Lohan, Christoph, Davenport, Sue, Bowring, Angela, Chapter, Tamika, Hough, Max, Strain, David, Gupwell, Karin, Miller, Keniesha, Goff, Anita, Cusack, Ellie, Todd, Shirley, Partridge, Rebecca, Jennings, Georgiana, Thorpe, Kevin, Stephenson, Jacquelyn, Littlewood, Kelly, Barber, Mark, Brodie, Fiona, Marshall, Steven, Esson, Derek, Coburn, Irene, Mcinnes, Caroline, Ross, Fiona, Bowie, Emma, Barcroft, Heather, Withers, Victoria, Miller, Laura, Willcoxson, Paul, Donninson, Michelle, Evans, Richard, Daniel, Di, Coyle, John, Keeling, Michael, Wanklyn, Peter, Elliott, Mark, Wightman, John, Iveson, Elizabeth, Dyer, Natasha, Porteous, Anne-Marie, Haritakis, Monica, Ward, Mandy, Doughty, Lucy, Carr, Lisa, O Neill, Mark, Anazodo, Cosmas, Wood, Paul, Cottrell, Poppy, Donne, Cheryl, Rodriguez, Romina, Mir, Ruhail, Westmoreland, Jax, Bell, Judith, Emms, Christopher, Wright, Lorraine, Clark Brown, Pearl, Bamford, Elizabeth, Stanners, Andrew, Carpenter, Mike, Datta, Prabal, Davey, Richard, Needle, Ann, Eastwood, Marjorie Jane, Razik, Fathima Zeena, Ghouri, Imran, Bateman, Gavin, Archer, Judy, Balasubramanian, Venkatesh, Bowers, Richard, Ball, Julie, Benton, Louise, Jackson, Linda, Ellam, Julie, Norton, Kate, Guyler, Paul, Dowling, Terry, Tysoe, Sharon, Harman, Paula, Kundu, Ashish, Omodunbi, Ololade, Loganathan, Thayalini, Chandler, Stuart, Noor, Shanas, Siddiqui, Anwer, Siddiqui, Amber, Kunhunny, Swapna, Sinha, Devesh, Sheppard, Martin, Rashmi, Sindhu, France, Elena, Orath Prabakaran, Rajalakshmi, Wilson, Laura, Ropun, Amiirah, Kelavkar, Shyam, Ng, Kheng Xiong, Kamuriwo, Lucy, Shah, Sweni, Mangion, David, Constantin, Camen, De Michele Hock, Luigi, Hardwick, Anne, Borley, Jayne, Markova, Skarlet, Netherton, Kimberley, Lawrence, Tara, Fletcher, Jo, Spencer, Rebecca, Palmer, Helen, Cullen, Claire, Hamill, Dolores, Durairaj, Ramesh, Mellor, Zoe, Fluskey, Tanya, Wood, Diane, Keeling, Alison, Hankin, Victoria, Peters, Jennifer, Shackcloth, Daniela, Hlaing, Thant, Tangney, Rebecca, Ewing, Jordan, Harrison, Melanie, Stevenson, Sarah, Sutton, Victoria, Soliman, Mohamed, Hindle, Julia, Watson, Elizabeth, Hewitt, Claire, Borley, Jayne, Butler, Susie, Wahishi, Ibrahim, Arif, Sarwat, Fields, Amy, Sharma, Jagdish, Brown, Rose, Taylor, Caroline, Bell, Sarah, Leach, Simon, Patterson, Chris, Khan, Sophia, Wilson, Helen, Price, Joanne, Ramadan, Hawraman, Maguire, Stuart, Bellfield, Ruth, Hooley, Michaela, Hamid, Umair, Gaba, Waqar, Ghulam, Robina, Masters, Leslie, Quinn, Outi, Sekaran, Lakshmanan, Tate, Margaret, Mohammed, Niaz, Bharaj, Kiranjit, Justin, Frances, Pattni, Rajan, Alwis, Lanka, Sethuraman, Sakthivel, Robinson, Rianne, Eldridge, Lianne, Mintias, Susan, Chauhan, Meena, Tam, Chi-Kai, Palmones, Jeremias, Holmes, Clare, Guthrie, Lucy Belle, Osborn, Mairead, Ball, Lindsay, Caine, Sarah, Steele, Amy, Murphy, Peter, Devitt, Nikki, Leonard, Jayne, Patel, Ronak, Penwarden, Ian, Dodd, Emily, Holloway, Amy, Baker, Pauline, Clarke, Samantha, Williams, Sandra, Dow, Lindsey, Wynn-Williams, Roland, Kennedy, James, Teal, Rachel, Schulz, Ursula, Ford, Gary, Mathieson, Philip, Reckless, Ian, Deveciana, Ana, Mccann, Paige, Cluckie, Gillian, Howell, Geoffrey, Ayer, Jonathan, Moynihan, Barry, Ghatala, Rita, Clarke, Brian, Cloud, Geoffrey, Patel, Bhavini, Khan, Usman, Al-Samarrai, Nia, Trippier, Sarah, Chopra, Neha, Adedoyin, Temi, Watson, Fran, Jones, Val, Zhang, Liqun, Choy, Lillian, Williams, Rebecca, Clarke, Natasha, Blight, Adrian, Kennedy, Kate, Dainty, Alice, Selvarajah, Johann, Kalladka, Dheeraj, Cheripelli, Bharath, Smith, Wilma, Moreton, Fiona, Welch, Angela, Huang, Xuya, Douglas, Elizabeth, Lush, Audrey, Day, Nicola, El Tawil, Salwa, Montgomery, Karen, Hamilton, Helen, Ritchie, Doreen, Ramachandra, Sankaranarayanan, Mcleish, Kirsty, Thavanesan, Kamy, Loganathan, Sathyabama, Roberts, Josh, Cox, Chantel, Orr, Sarah, Hogan, Alison, Tiwari, Divya, Hann, Gail, Longland, Barbara, David, Owen, Bell, Jo, Ovington, Catherine, Rogers, Emily, Bower, Rachel, Keltos, Marketa, Cohen, David, Devine, Joseph, Alwis, Lankantha, Southworth, Lucy, Burgess, Laura, Lang, Matilda, Badiani, Bhavna, Guo, Fenglin, Oshodi, Anne, Owoyele, Emmanuelle, Epie, Norah, David, Anette, Mpelembue, Mushiya, Bathula, Rajaram, Abdul-Saheb, Mudhar, Chamberlain, Angela, Sudkeo, Varthi, Rashed, Khalid, Wood, Diane, Williams-Yesson, Barbara, Board, Joanne, De Bruijn, Sarah, Buckley, Clare, Board, Sarah, Allison, Joanna, Keeling, Elizabeth, Duckett, Tracey, Donaldson, Dave, Vickers, Carinna, Barron, Claire, Balian, Linda, Wilson, Jodhi, Edwards, Adam, England, Timothy, Hedstrom, Amanda, Bedford, Elizabeth, Harper, Margaret, Melikyan, Elina, Abbott, Wendy, Subramanian, Kashmira, Goldsworthy, Marie, Srinivasan, Meena, Yeomans, Angela, Donaldson, Denise, Hurford, Frances, Chapman, Riquella, Shahzad, Sana, David, Owen, Motherwell, Nicki, Tonks, Louise, Young, Rachel, Ghani, Usman, Mukherjee, Indranil, Dutta, Dipankar, Obaid, Mudhar, Brown, Pauline, Davis, Fiona, Ward, Deborah, Turfrey, Jennifer, Cartwright, Bethan, Topia, Bilal, Spurway, Judith, Collins, Kayleigh, Bakawala, Rehana, Hughes, Chloe, Oconnell, Susan, Hill, Linda, Chatterjee, Kausik, Webster, Tim, Haider, Syed, Rushworth, Pamela, Macleod, Fiona, Nallasivan, Arumugam, Perkins, Charlotte, Burns, Edel, Leason, Sandra, Carter, Tom, Seagrave, Samantha, Sami, Eman, Armstrong, Lisa, Naqvi, Syed Naseem, Hassan, Muhammad, Parkinson, Sharron, Mawer, Samantha, Darnbrook, Gillian, Booth, Carl, Hairsine, Brigid, Smith, Matthew, Williamson, Sue, Farquhar, Fiona, Esisi, Bernard, Cassidy, Tim, Mankin, Gavin, Mcclelland, Beverley, Bokhari, Maria, Sproates, David, Epstein, Elliot, Hurdowar, Steve, Blackburn, Ruth, Sukhdeep, Nazran, Razak, Saika, Osman, Khalid, Hashmi, Amina, Upton, Natasha, Harrington, Frances, Courtauld, Gillian, Schofield, Christine, Lucas, Linda, Adie, Katja, Bond, Kirsty, Mate, Abhijit, Skewes, Jo, James, Ali, Brodie, Carolyn, Johnson, Matthew, Allsop, Linda, Driver, Emma, Harris, Karina, Drake, Mark, Ellis, Sam, Maund, Bev, Thomas, Emma, Moore, Kimberley, Burn, Matthew, Hamilton, Adam, Mahalingam, Shageetha, Misra, Amulya, Reid, Farrah, Benford, Adrienne, Hilton, Derek, Hazell, Lorraine, Ofori, Keziah, Thomas, Anne Louise, Mathew, Moncy, Dayal, Sonia, Burn, Iona, Fotherby, Kenneth, Jennings-Preece, Karla, Willberry, Angela, Morgan, Debbie, Butler, Donna, Sahota, Gurminder, Kauldhar, Kelly, Ahmad, Nasar, Stevens, Angela, Das, Saugata, Bruce, David, Pai, Yogish, Nyo, Khin, Stephenson, Lynsey, Nendick, Richard, Rogers, Gill, Dhakal, Mahesh, Dima, Sofia, Brown, Ellen, Clayton, Susan, Gamble, Penny, Naeem, Muhammad, Hayman, Rachel, Burnip, Rachel, Earnshaw, Philip, Hargroves, David, Ransom, Barbara, Rudenko, Hannah, Balogun, Ibrahim, Griffiths, Kirsty, Mears, Kim, Webb, Tom, Cowie, Linda, Hammond, Tessa, Thomson, Audrey, Ceccarelli, Daniela, Chattha, Navraj, Beranova, Eva, Verrion, Anna, Gillian, Andrew, Schumacher, Natasha, Bahk, Anna, Walker, Susannah, Cvoro, Vera, Mccormick, Katrina, Chapman, Nicola, Pound, Susan, Cain, Rebecca, Mcauley, Sean, Couser, Mandy, Simpson, Maria, Tachtatzis, Athan, Ullah, Khalil, Sims, Don, Jones, Rachael, Smith, Jonathan, Tongue, Rebecca, Willmot, Mark, Sutton, Claire, Littleton, Edward, Khaira, Jattinder, Maiden, Susan, Cunningham, James, Green, Carole, Chin, Yin-May, Bates, Michelle, Ahlquist, Katherine, Kane, Ingrid, Breeds, Joanna, Sargent, Tenesa, Latter, Laura, Pitt Ford, Alexandra, Gainsborough, Nicola, Levett, Tom, Thompson, Philip, Barbon, Emma, Dunne, Angela, Hervey, Simon, Ragab, Suzanne, Sandell, Tracy, Dickson, Christine, Dube, Judith, Power, Sharon, Evans, Nick, Wadams, Beverley, Elitova, Savina, Aubrey, Beth, Garcia, Tatiana, Mcilmoyle, James, Jeffs, Carol, Dickinson, Christina, Ahmed, Anis, Kumar, Sanjeev, Frudd, Julie, Armer, Charlotte, Potter, Andrew, Donaldson, Stacey, Howard, Joanne, Jones, Kirsty, Dhar, Saikat, Collas, David, Sundayi, Saul, Denham, Lynn, Oza, Deepali, Walker, Elaine, Cunningham, James, Bhandari, Mohit, Ispoglou, Sissy, Evans, Rachel, Sharobeem, Kamel, Walton, Elaine, Shanu, Steven, Hayes, Anne, Howard-Brown, Jennifer, Billingham, Steven, Weir, Nic, Pressly, Vanessa, Wood, Emma, Sykes, Lucy, Howard, Gabriella, Burton, Holly, Crawford, Pam, Egerton, Shuna, Evans, Sue, Hakkak, Jasmine, Andrews, Janet, Lampard, Rebecca, Allen, Christopher, Walters, Ashleigh, Said, Rasha, Marigold, James Richard, Tsang, Sau-Mon, Creeden, Robyn, Cox, Chloe, Smith, Simon, Gartrell, Imogen, Smith, Fiona, Jenkins, Colin, Pryor, Joanna, Hedges, Andrew, Price, Fiona, Moseley, Linda, Mercer, Lily, Hughes, Claire, Mcgowan, Diane, Azim, Abul, White, Julie, Krasinska-Chavez, Milena, Chaplin, Shaun, Curtis, James, Singh, Deepwant, Imam, Javed, Nicolson, Anne, Alam, Sajid, Whitworth, Simon, Wood, Lisa, Warburton, Elizabeth, Kelly, Siobhan, Mcgee, Joanne, Markus, Hugh, Chandrasena, Denish, Hayden, Derek, Sesay, Juliana, Hayhoe, Helen, Bolton, Mark, Macdonald, Jane, Mitchell, Jenny, Farron, Charlotte, Amis, Elaine, Day, Diana, Culbert, Ainsley, Espanol, Ailene, Hannon, Niamh, Handley, Dominic, Finlay, Sarah, Crisp, Sarah, Whitehead, Lynne, Francis, Jobbin, Oconnell, Janice, Osborne, Emily, Beard, Rod, Krishnamurthy, Ramesh, Mokoena, Langanani, Sattar, Naweed, Myint, Min, Edwards, Michelle, Smith, Andrew, Corrigan, Paul, Byrne, Anthony, Blackburn, Joanne, Mcghee, Caroline, Smart, Amanda, Macleod, Malcolm, Donaldson, Fiona, Copeland, Claire, Wilson, Jill, Scott, Rhona, Fitzsimmons, Paul, Lopez, Paula, Wilkinson, Mark, Manoj, Aravindakshan, Cox, Penelope, Trainor, Leona, Fletcher, Glyn, Denny, Lisa, Kavanagh, Karen, Allsop, Hannah, Emsley, Hedley, Sultan, Sulaiman, Mcloughlin, Alison, Walmsley, Benjamin, Hough, Louise, Ahmed, Shakeel, Doyle, Donna, Gregary, Bindu, Raj, Sonia, Nagaratnam, Kirubananthan, Mannava, Neelima, Haque, Nyla, Shields, Norma, Preston, Kate, Mason, Geraldine, Short, Kirsty, Lumsdale, Gemma, Uitenbosch, Giulia, Sukys, Ugnius, Valentine, Stacey, Jarrett, David, Dodsworth, Kerry, Wands, Mary, Khan, Nisa, Tandy, Jane, Watkinson, Catrin, Golding, Wendy, Butler, Rebecca, Williams, Max, Davies, Yasmin, Yip, Keith, James, Claire, Suttling, Anne, Maney, Aditya, Gamble, Giles Edward, Hague, Adam, Charles, Bethan, Blane, Sujata, Duran, Beatriz, 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Abstract

Results of small trials indicate that fluoxetine might improve functional outcomes after stroke. The FOCUS trial aimed to provide a precise estimate of these effects.

Published
2019
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42. Flow heterogeneity in the fractured Chalk aquifer of southern England

Author

Bloomfield, John, Butler, Adrian P., Cobbing, Jude E., Gallagher, Alex, Griffiths, Kate, Moreau, Magail, Williams, Ann T., Peach, Denis W., Binley, Andrew, Bloomfield, John, Butler, Adrian P., Cobbing, Jude E., Gallagher, Alex, Griffiths, Kate, Moreau, Magail, Williams, Ann T., Peach, Denis W., and Binley, Andrew

Abstract

The aim of the current work is to investigate the heterogeneity of flow in the Chalk aquifer of southern England. The rock mass properties and hydraulic characteristics of the aquifer have been characterised using a suite of geological and geophysical surveys and hydraulic tests. Fracture logs have been produced based on core logging and using optical images of boreholes. Flow has been characterised using borehole flow logs and dilution tests and hydraulic conductivity measured using packer tests. Fractures have been recorded with apertures in the range <1mm to about 30cm (sub-karstic enlargement) in diameter, however, hydrogeologically significant flow is not restricted to the enlarged fractures and is affected by the local groundwater head distribution. The work is being undertaken as part of the LOCAR Programme. LOCAR is a multi-project programme with the aim of measuring and modelling processes controlling water and material fluxes within lowland permeable catchments in the UK.

Published
2003

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