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The article discusses the issues of forming a study program in the context of the process' compliance with the recommendations provided by Standards and Guidelines for Quality Assurance in the European Higher Education Area (ESG), which are relevant for Ukrainian higher education. The study achieved its goal: the main prerequisites for the formation of the study program (SP) were analyzed, its structural and semantic parameters were determined, and a step-by-step model of concluding a quality study program in accordance with the ESG guidelines was suggested. The search for the materials on which the study was based was conducted using the following databases: scientometric (Scopus, Web of Science), the information system (online platform) of the National Agency for Quality Assurance in Higher Education (NAQA), and the "Legislation of Ukraine" database. Quantitative methods included an online questionnaire, qualitative methods included system analysis, and other comparative method were used. Due to the contradictions between the interpretations of the concepts at the level of legislation and internal regulations, a definition of the "formation of the study program" concept is suggested. The components of the SP formation process, the resources required for the formation of the quality SP, and an analysis of positive and negative practices from the NAQA accreditation procedure experience, based on which the optimal model of the SP as a dynamic system based on ESG guidelines was developed, which has a functional character and is based on theoretical generalization of the latest approaches and real cases of Ukrainian HEIs, were discussed.

Due to the systematic utilisation of substantial amounts of phosphorus fertilisers on agricultural crops in crop rotation, the amount of available phosphate compounds increases in the soil. It ensures the maximum increase in crop yields. The study of the phosphate level in chernozem soils in various agrocenoses is really up-to-date. The gist of our research was to determine the specifics of providing mobile phosphorus in typical chernozem in field crop rotation, especially in sunflower, varying according to fertilisation systems in the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine. The assessment of mobile phosphorus content was conducted using the Chirikov method, which involves extracting mobile phosphorus compounds from the soil using a solution containing acetic acid (CH3COOH) at a concentration of 0.5 mol dm-3, with a soil-to-solution ratio of 1:25. Phosphorus was determined with the spectrophotocolorimetric method, which is based on the colour intensity of the phosphorus-molybdenum complex. Our investigations showed that the typical low-humus chernozems have considerable reservoirs of potentially exploitable phosphorus for plant nourishment. We established that the mineral and organic-mineral fertilisation system leads to a greater use of mobile phosphorus with agricultural crops of crop rotation resulting in the formation of elevated phosphate content in the chernozem soil. By the end of the second rotation, the organic-mineral fertilisation system variant displayed the greatest concentration of mobile phosphorus within the 0-25 cm soil depth, marking a surge of 15.6 mg kg-1 compared to the unfertilised variant. In the period of sunflower germination, the content of mobile phosphates increased in the soil layers at depths of 0-25 cm and 25-50 cm in the variant of the mineral fertilisation system on 17.6 and 22.2 mg kg-1 of soil compared to the alternative without the fertiliser. In the sunflower's ripening period, the mobile phosphorus concentration in the soil at 0-25 cm depth increased significantly in the variant of organic-mineral fertilisation system by 12.0 mg kg-1 and mineral fertilisation by 14.7 mg kg-1 of soil if compared with the variant lacking the fertiliser. In the variant of the mineral fertilisation system, the amount of mobile phosphorus increased in the 0-30 cm soil depth by 18.7 mg kg-1 of soil in two crop rotations compared to the beginning of the first crop rotation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To determine the effect of fertilization systems on indicators of cellulose-degrading activity of microorganisms of a typical deep heavy loamy chernozem under the bed technology of growing garden strawberries using drip irrigation. Methods. Comparative profile, microbiological, mathematical and statistical. The cellulose-destroying activity of soils was carried out by the method of deep sowing of soil suspension on a dense agarized medium (Hutchinson-Clayton agar). The glucose formed after the decomposition of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was determined by titration with sodium hyposulfite. Also, the activity of cellulose-destroying microorganisms was additionally evaluated by the rate of decomposition of cotton fabric (size 10*10 cm) during six months. The degree of decomposition was calculated based on the difference in weight. Results. Statistical analysis of the results of our research confirmed the significant influence on indicators of the number of cellulose-degrading microorganisms and cellulase activity of such factors as sampling depth and fertilization system, in particular, sampling depth has a more significant effect than fertilization system and vice versa, the fertilization system has a more significant effect on decomposition fabrics The highest activity of cellulase is characteristic of chernozem of the fallow area, and among the strawberry variants, the highest indicators were recorded under the condition of using organic fertilizers. An increase in cellulase activity at a depth of 20-30 cm in arable land as a result of plowing plant residues was noted. The highest cellulase activity was recorded in chernozem from the fallow area (6.4-11.2 µg of glucose per 1 g of soil in 7 days) and somewhat lower in strawberries, and comparing fertilization systems, we are talking about the positive effect of organic fertilizers (5.2-6.7 µg of glucose per 1 g of soil for 7 days). Conclusion. The largest number of cellulose-destroying microorganisms was recorded in summer, but enzymatic activity is greater in spring and autumn. Perennial strawberry plantations have higher biological activity compared to arable land, and a comparison of different fertilization systems shows the advantage of organic fertilization. Cultivated soils are characterized by a decrease in the activity of soil enzymes compared to fallow. In the strawberry area, under the organo-mineral system of fertilization, the decomposition of cotton fabric is more intense, even compared to fallow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The significance of this study stems from the imperative to justify and advance agrobiological foundations aimed at enhancing the cultivation practices of Onobrychis viciifolia. There exists a compelling necessity to refine agronomic methodologies and streamline their comprehensive efficacy within the technological phases of cultivation. This study is aim to provide a critical analysis of scientific problem of substantiation of biological and organic foundations of the technology of Onobrychis viciifolia growing. Innovative technological interventions were formulated by extrapolating discerned patterns of influence pertaining to climatic and meteorological factors. Patterns governing the growth, development, and productivity formation of Onobrychis viciifolia were identified, and both the theoretical and practical principles of contemporary methods for cultivating perennial legumes were established. The chemical compound of aboveground biomass of Onobrychis viciifolia is varied depending on researched factors. Fertilization practically did not increase the productivity of Onobrychis viciifolia. The natural fertility of low-humus chernozem soil ensures the formation of a high, stable yield without fertilizing. This is the evidence that Onobrychis viciifolia compares favorably with other perennial legumes. Due to its biological characteristics, it is much more effective, especially in leveraging natural factors for the yield formation, i.e., it plays a significant role in the biologization of plant production, and in obtaining the most environmentally friendly, high-quality, yet cheap feed. The outcomes derived from the conducted research indicate that, under uniform soil conditions and varying fertilizer levels, the mowing height emerges as the predominant factor. The highest concentrations of nutrients within the overground biomass of Onobrychis viciifolia were noted at a cutting altitude of 11 centimeters. Concurrently, an elevation in crude protein and ash content was observed, accompanied by a concomitant reduction in the index of crude fiber. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of scientific research aimed at studying the impact of land use on the acid-base buffering capacity of gleyed sod-podzolic soils in the Carpathian region were analyzed. The transformation of these indicators was investigated using a comprehensive approach that encompasses the influence of various factors, such as agrotechnological methods and atmospheric precipitation, on the acidity and alkalinity parameters of soil solution. The research results confirm a significant influence of these factors on the acid-base characteristics, emphasizing the need for the development of a scientifically grounded approach to managing fertility and stability of the soil environment in agricultural ecosystems of the Carpathians. The study opens the perspectives for optimizing agrotechnologies and developing effective measures for the rational use of soil resources in this region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, an efficient and sensitive methyl parathion (MP) electrochemical sensor was fabricated by using β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) decorated single-wall carbon nanotubes (SCN), which were used to modify the glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The β-CD@SCN/GCE sensor achieved the sensitive MP detection. For the obtained β-CD@SCN nanocomposite, SCN could form three-dimensional reinforced carbon conductive network with good conductivity property and efficient charge transport channels; β-CD could promote the dispersion of carbon materials and boost the accumulation capability of MP on the surface of β-CD@SCN/GCE. The combination of β-CD and SCN significantly optimized the electrochemical property of β-CD@SCN/GCE sensor for the detection of MP. The β-CD@SCN/GCE sensor exhibited good MP electrochemical detection performance with low limit of detection of 7.23 nM. When used for the detection of MP in grape juice, the β-CD@SCN/GCE sensor exhibited good MP electrochemical sensing analysis performance with satisfactory recovery rates (96.54–98.18%) and relative standard deviation values (1.60–2.07%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, a novel electrochemical sensor was designed for the sensitive determination of methyl parathion (MP) using the Super P Li carbon black@β-cyclodextrin (SPLCB@β-CD) decorated glassy carbon electrode (GCE). SPLCB with high electroactive area exhibited exceptional conductivity and good dispersive property, which is beneficial for forming the interlinked conductive network structure. β-CD could not only promote the uniform dispersion of SPLCB but also effectively realise the enrichment of MP molecules. Moreover, the existence of SPLCB could make up for the defect of poor conductivity of β-CD. Under the optimal experimental condition (pH = 7.0, enrichment time: 60 s). The collaborative cooperation of SPLCB and β-CD achieved the excellent MP detection property (LOD: 8.6 nM; concentration range: 0.01–10 μM). The SPLCB@β-CD/GCE sensor exhibited acceptable repeatability and reproducibility. In addition, the proposed sensor was successfully employed to detect MP in apple juice (Recoveries: 98.0–98.6%, RSD values: 3.68–4.63%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The formation of high and stable yields is the main value of sowing peas (Pisum sativum L.) as a leguminous crop. The aim of the research was to study the influence of plant growth regulators on the processes of growth and development, formation of productivity, and grain quality of peas. The study of the influence of plant growth regulators on the productivity and quality indicators of peas was conducted according to the following scheme: control (without treatment with preparations), at the budding stage treatment with Humifield VR-18 w.s. (0.4 L ha-1), at the pod formation stage treatment with Fulvigrin Bor (0.5 L ha-1), at the budding stage treatment with Humifield VR-18 w.s. (0.4 L ha-1) + at the pod formation stage treatment with Fulvigrin Bor (0.5 L ha-1). The maximum yield was obtained in the variant with treatment of pea plants at the budding stage with Humifield VR-18 + at the pod formation stage with Fulvigrin Bor, amounting to 3.81 t.ha-1. According to the research results, the highest protein content was obtained from treatment at the budding stage with Humifield VR-18 + at the pod formation stage with Fulvigrin Bor - 23.2%. Based on the research results, it was established that to obtain a pea yield of 3.81 t.ha-1 with a protein content of 23.2%, it is proposed to use plant growth regulators at the budding stage with Humifield VR-18 + at the pod formation stage with Fulvigrin Bor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During research, positive influence of organic farming elements on economic efficiency of potato growing has been revealed. Combination of post-harvest oil radish siderate and deep tillage provided the highest yield of potato tubers - 35.4 t ha-1 and starch isolation - 4.03 t ha-1. Weather conditions in research years influenced yield of potatoes greatly - the influence share was 74.6%. The use of green manure increases stress resistance of potato crops to limiting weather factors. On sidereal background, zone of optimum average daily temperatures during potato vegetation period increased from 190°C to 20-210°C, and optimum of precipitation amount decreased from 300 mm to 280 mm. Application of post-harvest oil radish siderate under conditions of unstable moisture in the Left Bank Forest Steppe and carrying out deep tillage of typical black soil at a depth of 28-30 cm for its covering, provides the highest economic yield - 1615 € ha-1 and profitability level of potato growing - 77.6% at the lowest cost price of tubers - 68.68 € t-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The grain industry in Ukraine is the most important component of the agro-industrial complex. At the same time, spring wheat grain production remains low and unstable due to insufficient efficiency of cultivation technology. The purpose of the research was to establish optimal seeding rates for soft spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seeds of the Shirocco variety. The study of the influence of the seeding rate on the productivity and quality indicators of soft spring wheat was carried out according to the scheme: 3.5 million pcs ha-1, 4.0 million pcs ha-1, 4.5 million pcs ha-1, 5.0 million pcs ha-1; 5.5 million pcs ha-1; 6.0 million pcs ha-1. As a result of the research, it was found that the highest density of standing was obtained on the variant with a seeding rate of 6.0 million pcs ha-1 - 522 pcs m2 with plant preservation during the growing season of 86.8% (453.1 pcs m2). The maximum yield was observed on the variant with a seeding rate of 6.0 million pcs ha-1 - 5.63 t ha-1. At a seeding rate of 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5 pcs m2 the yield was 4.07, 4.58, 4.76, 5.00, 5.30 t ha-1, respectively. According to the results of the research, it was studied that at a seeding rate of 6.0 million pcs ha-1, the highest yield of spring wheat grain was obtained - 5.63 t ha-1, and the maximum quality indicators of gluten and protein content at a seeding rate of 5.5 million pcs ha-1 - 25.5, 13.82%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to measure the effect of tillage and fertilizing systems in short crop rotation on the content, and сomposition of humuse’s substances in soil’s type as typical chernozem of the zone Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The highest humus content was determined in the variant with the application of 11.5 t ha-1 of organic fertilizers + N27P38K45 kg ha-1. The humus content in the 0–10 cm layer against the background of shallow tillage without a moldboard was 4.25%, with moaldboard-subsurface tillage – 4.23%. These tillage systems have the most favourable effect on the formation and humus matter (t ha-1 ). The humus storage in the variant of shallow subsurface tillage was 41.4 t ha-1, i.e. 1.3 t less than in differentiated tillage. The use of soil without fertilizing led to significant humus losses and deterioration of the compound of humus substances due to mineralization processes that prevail over immobilization processes. When applying 11.5 t of organic fertilizers and (N27P38K45) mineral fertilizers per hectare of crop rotation area, the number of humic substances increased significantly and the amount of fulvic acids in the top layer decreased. The ratio of HA (Humic acids) to FA (Fulvic acids) is 2.48. The type of humus formation is humusfulvatic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of research conducted during 2015–2018 in a field experiment on sod-podzolic soils while studying the effect of different fertilizers on productivity of Camelina sativa and oil-bearing crops and, accordingly, economic efficiency and competitiveness of this crop growing have been presented. The dependence of elements of productivity and yielding capacity on the application of mineral fertilizers has been revealed. It has been found that the application of mineral fertilizers had a significant impact on the productivity of Camelina sativa seeds and the cost index and profitability of Camelina sativa seeds, accordingly. Depending on the studied elements in growing technology of little-known in Ukraine crop of Camelina sativa, the main indices of economic efficiency were determined. It has been found that with optimization of plant nutrition, regardless of the increase in cultivation costs, conditionally net profit and profitability level increased. This was facilitated by foliar fertilization with modern restrictive preparations or complex micro fertilizers in critical periods of crop vegetation. Depending on the variant of the experiment, the average conditionally net profit during growing years ranged from 471.78 to 688.48 € ha–1 (1 UAH = 0.032 €), and profitability level ranged from 178.8 to 222.0%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to determine the impact of different farming practices (organic and intensive) on the dynamics of potential biological activity of typical chernozem (mollisol). Comparativeprofile- genetic, microbiological and mathematical-statistical methods were used for the research. The data obtained during the study of soil biological activity for 2018–2020 were analyzed. The highest population density of Collembola was observed in the variant of fallow soil in the layer of 10–20 cm (111 indiv. dm3 –1) with the lowest amount of Oribatida (32 indiv. dm3 –1). Under conditions of agrogenic use of soils, the predominance of Oribatida over Collembola was recorded. When using green manure in a soil layer of 0–10 cm, the number of Oribatida is 125 indiv. dm3 –1, while Collembola – 50 indiv. dm3 –1. Agrogenic use of chernozems reduces the number of microscopic fungi. The intensive farming system is the reason for the decrease in the number of all ecological and trophic groups of microorganisms in the 0–10 cm layer while increasing their number in the layer of 20–30 cm. Variants of the organic system of agriculture, especially with the use of green manure, contribute to the increase in the number of actinomycetes and amylolytic microbiota, as well as a short-term sharp increase in the number of oligonitrophilic microbiota. Agricultural use of soils reduces the activity of enzymes such as invertase, protease, dehydrogenase and cellulase. However, the activity of urease and catalase – increases in the soils of the organic system of agriculture. Discriminant analysis of biological activity identified three groups of soils, corresponding to different farming systems. This confirms the possibility of using the studied indicators for soil biodiagnostics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analysis of changes in hydrothermal conditions of growing crops in the forest steppe zone of Ukraine over a period of 2004-2016 showed that by the average monthly air temperature more than a half of the years under study and by rainfall nearly a third of the researched period differed significantly from the average long-term value and were close to extreme weather. Statistical analysis of long-term indicators of the air temperature regime is evidence of a steady trend towards an increase in average annual air temperature with significant fluctuations in indices in separate periods from 7.9 ± 2.9 to 10.0 ± 2.5o? and a decrease in the amount and instability of natural moisture entry. The influence of weather conditions on the formation of productivity of spiked cereals (winter and spring wheat, spring barley) and maize was assessed at the current agrometeorological risks in the forest steppe of Ukraine. Based on the correlation-regression analysis, mathematical models were created that reproduce the dependence of grain yields upon the complex weather conditions of the growing season, the impact of which reached 60-70%. The conditions of eight years (2006-2008, 2011-2014 and 2016), when the hydrothermal index for the vegetation period was 1.13-1.76, turned out to be optimal by hydrothermal indicators to harvest maize yield at 5.83-9.47 t/ha. However, the years of 2005, 2009-2010 and 2015 were unfavorable as they received precipitation by 120 mm lower than a norm or 36% of the norm. The rainfall by 37-61% lower than a norm in June-July and grain yield 3.12-6.51 t/ha were also characteristic of the years mentioned above. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]