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694 results on '"Butcher, E"'

1. Hybrid Control for Autonomous Spacecraft Rendezvous Proximity Operations and Docking

Author

Crane, JR, Roscoe, CWT, Malladi, BP, Zucchini, G, Butcher, E, Sanfelice, RG, and Hussein, II

Subjects
hybrid systems, spacecraft autonomy, satellite control, aerospace control, Clohessy-Wiltshire-Hill equations
Abstract

A hybrid control methodology is presented for autonomous rendezvous, proximity operations and docking of a pair of spacecraft. For the theoretical development of the control algorithms, the dynamics of the spacecraft are modeled using the Clohessy-Wiltshire-Hill equations, which result in a linear system of relative motion equations. Only in-plane motion is considered, resulting in a two-dimensional system, and the control input is the acceleration vector of the active spacecraft, constrained by a maximum thrust value. Individual controllers are designed for different phases of the of approach and transitions are governed by a hybrid supervising algorithm. The hybrid control algorithm is implemented both in MATLAB, using a simplified dynamic model, as well as in actual spacecraft flight code and tested in a high-fidelity spacecraft simulation test environment.

Published
2018

3. Robust hybrid supervisory control for rendezvous and docking of a spacecraft

Author

Malladi, BP, Sanfelice, RG, Butcher, E, and Wang, J

Abstract

We consider the problem of rendezvous, proximity operations, and docking of an autonomous spacecraft. The problem can be conveniently divided into four phases: 1) rendezvous with angles-only measurements; 2) rendezvous with range measurements; 3) docking phase; and 4) docked phase. Due to the different constraints, available measurements, and tasks to perform on each phase, we study this problem using a hybrid systems approach, in which the system has different modes of operation for which a suitable controller is to be designed. Following this approach, we characterize the family of individual controllers and the required properties they should induce to the closed-loop system to solve the problem within each phase of operation. Furthermore, we propose a supervisor that robustly coordinates the individual controllers so as to provide a solution to the problem. Due to the stringent mission requirements, the solution requires hybrid controllers that induce convergence, invariance, or asymptotic stability properties, which can be designed using recent techniques in the literature of hybrid systems. In addition, we outline specific controller designs that appropriately solve the control problems for individual phases and validate them numerically.1

Published
2016

10. COVID-19: Rapid antigen detection for SARS-CoV-2 by lateral flow assay: A national systematic evaluation of sensitivity and specificity for mass-testing

Author

Peto, T., Affron, D., Afrough, B., Agasu, A., Ainsworth, M., Allanson, A., Allen, K., Allen, C., Archer, L., Ashbridge, N., Aurfan, I., Avery, M., Badenoch, E., Bagga, P., Balaji, R., Baldwin, E., Barraclough, S., Beane, C., Bell, J., Benford, T., Bird, S., Bishop, M., Bloss, A., Body, R., Boulton, R., Bown, A., Bratten, C., Bridgeman, C., Britton, D., Brooks, T., Broughton-Smith, M., Brown, P., Buck, B., Butcher, E., Byrne, W., Calderon, G., Campbell, S., Carr, O., Carter, P., Carter, D., Cathrall, M., Catton, M., Chadwick, J., Chapman, D., Chau, K.K., Chaudary, T., Chidavaenzi, S., Chilcott, S., Choi, B., Claasen, H., Clark, S., Clarke, R., Clarke, D., Clayton, R., Collins, K., Colston, R., Connolly, J., Cook, E., Corcoran, M., Corley, B., Costello, L., Coulson, C., Crook, A., Crook, D.W., D'Arcangelo, S., Darby, M-A, Davis, J., de Koning, R., Derbyshire, P., Devall, P., Dolman, M., Draper, N., Driver, M., Dyas, S., Eaton, E., Edwards, J., Elderfield, R., Ellis, K., Ellis, G., Elwell, S., Evans, R., Evans, B., Evans, M., Eyre, D., Fahey, C., Fenech, V., Field, J., Field, A., Foord, T., Fowler, T., French, M., Fuchs, H., Gan, J., Gernon, J., Ghadiali, G., Ghuman, N., Gibbons, K., Gill, G., Gilmour, K., Goel, A., Gordon, S., Graham, T., Grassam-Rowe, A., Green, D., Gronert, A., Gumsley-Read, T., Hall, C., Hallis, B., Hammond, S., Hammond, P., Hanney, B., Hardy, V., Harker, G., Harris, A., Havinden-Williams, M., Hazell, E., Henry, J., Hicklin, K., Hollier, K., Holloway, B., Hoosdally, S.J., Hopkins, S., Hughes, L., Hurdowar, S., Hurford, S-A, Jackman, J., Jackson, H., Johns, R., Johnston, S., Jones, J., Kanyowa, T., Keating-Fedders, K., Kempson, S., Khan, I., Khulusi, B., Knight, T., Krishna, A., Lahert, P., Lampshire, Z., Lasserson, D., Lee, K., Lee, L.Y.W., Legard, A., Leggio, C., Liu, J., Lockett, T., Logue, C., Lucas, V., Lumley, S.F., Maripuri, V., Markham, D., Marshall, E., Matthews, P.C., Mckee, S., McKee, D.F., McLeod, N., McNulty, A., Mellor, F., Michel, R., Mighiu, A., Miller, J., Mirza, Z., Mistry, H., Mitchell, J., Moeser, M.E., Moore, S., Muthuswamy, A., Myers, D., Nanson, G., Newbury, M., Nicol, S., Nuttall, H., Nwanaforo, J.J., Oliver, L., Osbourne, W., Osbourne, J., Otter, A., Owen, J., Panchalingam, S., Papoulidis, D., Pavon, J.D., Peace, A., Pearson, K., Peck, L., Pegg, A., Pegler, S., Permain, H., Perumal, P., Peto, L., Peto, T.E.A., Pham, T., Pickford, H.L., Pinkerton, M., Platton, M., Price, A., Protheroe, E., Purnell, H., Rawden, L., Read, S., Reynard, C., Ridge, S., Ritter, T.G., Robinson, J., Robinson, P., Rodger, G., Rowe, C., Rowell, B., Rowlands, A., Sampson, S., Saunders, K., Sayers, R., Sears, J., Sedgewick, R., Seeney, L., Selassie, A., Shail, L., Shallcross, J., Sheppard, L., Sherkat, A., Siddiqui, S., Sienkiewicz, A., Sinha, L., Smith, J., Smith, E., Stanton, E., Starkey, T., Stawiarski, A., Sterry, A., Stevens, J., Stockbridge, M., Stoesser, N., Sukumaran, A., Sweed, A., Tatar, S., Thomas, H., Tibbins, C., Tiley, S., Timmins, J., Tomas-Smith, C., Topping, O., Turek, E., Neibler, T., Trigg-Hogarth, K., Truelove, E., Turnbull, C., Tyrrell, D., Vaughan, A., Vertannes, J., Vipond, R., Wagstaff, L., Waldron, J., Walker, P., Walker, A.S., Walters, M., Wang, J.Y., Watson, E., Webberley, K., Webster, K., Westland, G., Wickens, I., Willcocks, J., Willis, H., Wilson, S., Wilson, B., Woodhead, L., Wright, D., Xavier, B., Yelnoorkar, F., Zeidan, L., Zinyama, R., Peto, T., Affron, D., Afrough, B., Agasu, A., Ainsworth, M., Allanson, A., Allen, K., Allen, C., Archer, L., Ashbridge, N., Aurfan, I., Avery, M., Badenoch, E., Bagga, P., Balaji, R., Baldwin, E., Barraclough, S., Beane, C., Bell, J., Benford, T., Bird, S., Bishop, M., Bloss, A., Body, R., Boulton, R., Bown, A., Bratten, C., Bridgeman, C., Britton, D., Brooks, T., Broughton-Smith, M., Brown, P., Buck, B., Butcher, E., Byrne, W., Calderon, G., Campbell, S., Carr, O., Carter, P., Carter, D., Cathrall, M., Catton, M., Chadwick, J., Chapman, D., Chau, K.K., Chaudary, T., Chidavaenzi, S., Chilcott, S., Choi, B., Claasen, H., Clark, S., Clarke, R., Clarke, D., Clayton, R., Collins, K., Colston, R., Connolly, J., Cook, E., Corcoran, M., Corley, B., Costello, L., Coulson, C., Crook, A., Crook, D.W., D'Arcangelo, S., Darby, M-A, Davis, J., de Koning, R., Derbyshire, P., Devall, P., Dolman, M., Draper, N., Driver, M., Dyas, S., Eaton, E., Edwards, J., Elderfield, R., Ellis, K., Ellis, G., Elwell, S., Evans, R., Evans, B., Evans, M., Eyre, D., Fahey, C., Fenech, V., Field, J., Field, A., Foord, T., Fowler, T., French, M., Fuchs, H., Gan, J., Gernon, J., Ghadiali, G., Ghuman, N., Gibbons, K., Gill, G., Gilmour, K., Goel, A., Gordon, S., Graham, T., Grassam-Rowe, A., Green, D., Gronert, A., Gumsley-Read, T., Hall, C., Hallis, B., Hammond, S., Hammond, P., Hanney, B., Hardy, V., Harker, G., Harris, A., Havinden-Williams, M., Hazell, E., Henry, J., Hicklin, K., Hollier, K., Holloway, B., Hoosdally, S.J., Hopkins, S., Hughes, L., Hurdowar, S., Hurford, S-A, Jackman, J., Jackson, H., Johns, R., Johnston, S., Jones, J., Kanyowa, T., Keating-Fedders, K., Kempson, S., Khan, I., Khulusi, B., Knight, T., Krishna, A., Lahert, P., Lampshire, Z., Lasserson, D., Lee, K., Lee, L.Y.W., Legard, A., Leggio, C., Liu, J., Lockett, T., Logue, C., Lucas, V., Lumley, S.F., Maripuri, V., Markham, D., Marshall, E., Matthews, P.C., Mckee, S., McKee, D.F., McLeod, N., McNulty, A., Mellor, F., Michel, R., Mighiu, A., Miller, J., Mirza, Z., Mistry, H., Mitchell, J., Moeser, M.E., Moore, S., Muthuswamy, A., Myers, D., Nanson, G., Newbury, M., Nicol, S., Nuttall, H., Nwanaforo, J.J., Oliver, L., Osbourne, W., Osbourne, J., Otter, A., Owen, J., Panchalingam, S., Papoulidis, D., Pavon, J.D., Peace, A., Pearson, K., Peck, L., Pegg, A., Pegler, S., Permain, H., Perumal, P., Peto, L., Peto, T.E.A., Pham, T., Pickford, H.L., Pinkerton, M., Platton, M., Price, A., Protheroe, E., Purnell, H., Rawden, L., Read, S., Reynard, C., Ridge, S., Ritter, T.G., Robinson, J., Robinson, P., Rodger, G., Rowe, C., Rowell, B., Rowlands, A., Sampson, S., Saunders, K., Sayers, R., Sears, J., Sedgewick, R., Seeney, L., Selassie, A., Shail, L., Shallcross, J., Sheppard, L., Sherkat, A., Siddiqui, S., Sienkiewicz, A., Sinha, L., Smith, J., Smith, E., Stanton, E., Starkey, T., Stawiarski, A., Sterry, A., Stevens, J., Stockbridge, M., Stoesser, N., Sukumaran, A., Sweed, A., Tatar, S., Thomas, H., Tibbins, C., Tiley, S., Timmins, J., Tomas-Smith, C., Topping, O., Turek, E., Neibler, T., Trigg-Hogarth, K., Truelove, E., Turnbull, C., Tyrrell, D., Vaughan, A., Vertannes, J., Vipond, R., Wagstaff, L., Waldron, J., Walker, P., Walker, A.S., Walters, M., Wang, J.Y., Watson, E., Webberley, K., Webster, K., Westland, G., Wickens, I., Willcocks, J., Willis, H., Wilson, S., Wilson, B., Woodhead, L., Wright, D., Xavier, B., Yelnoorkar, F., Zeidan, L., and Zinyama, R.

Abstract

Background Lateral flow device (LFD) viral antigen immunoassays have been developed around the world as diagnostic tests for SARS-CoV-2 infection. They have been proposed to deliver an infrastructure-light, cost-economical solution giving results within half an hour. Methods LFDs were initially reviewed by a Department of Health and Social Care team, part of the UK government, from which 64 were selected for further evaluation from 1st August to 15th December 2020. Standardised laboratory evaluations, and for those that met the published criteria, field testing in the Falcon-C19 research study and UK pilots were performed (UK COVID-19 testing centres, hospital, schools, armed forces). Findings 4/64 LFDs so far have desirable performance characteristics (orient Gene, Deepblue, Abbott and Innova SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Rapid Qualitative Test). All these LFDs have a viral antigen detection of >90% at 100,000 RNA copies/ml. 8951 Innova LFD tests were performed with a kit failure rate of 5.6% (502/8951, 95% CI: 5.1–6.1), false positive rate of 0.32% (22/6954, 95% CI: 0.20–0.48). Viral antigen detection/sensitivity across the sampling cohort when performed by laboratory scientists was 78.8% (156/198, 95% CI 72.4–84.3). Interpretation Our results suggest LFDs have promising performance characteristics for mass population testing and can be used to identify infectious positive individuals. The Innova LFD shows good viral antigen detection/sensitivity with excellent specificity, although kit failure rates and the impact of training are potential issues. These results support the expanded evaluation of LFDs, and assessment of greater access to testing on COVID-19 transmission. Funding Department of Health and Social Care. University of Oxford. Public Health England Porton Down, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, National Institute of Health Research.

Published
2021

11. Screening male prisoners for depression and anxiety with the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 at NHS Healthcheck: patterns of symptoms and caseness threshold

Author

Butcher, E, Packham, C, Williams, M, Miksza, J, Kaul, A, Khunti, K, Morriss, R, Butcher, E, Packham, C, Williams, M, Miksza, J, Kaul, A, Khunti, K, and Morriss, R

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Screening for depression and anxiety disorders has been proposed in prison populations but little is known about caseness thresholds on commonly used self-report measures in relation to core symptoms, risk factors and symptom patterns. METHOD: A cross-sectional prevalence survey measured depression and anxiety caseness (threshold scores > 10 and > 15 on PHQ-9 and GAD-7 and diagnostic algorithm on PHQ-9) in 1205 male prisoners aged 35-74 years eligible for an NHS Healthcheck from six English prisons. Caseness scores were compared with the presence or absence of daily core symptoms of depression and generalised anxiety disorder (GAD), demographic, prison and cardiovascular risk factors. Cluster analysis was applied to PHQ-9 and GAD-7 items in prisoners scoring > 10 on PHQ-9. RESULTS: 453(37.6%) and 249(20.7%) prisoners scored > 10 and > 15 respectively on PHQ-9; 216 (17.9%) had a depressive episode on the PHQ-9 algorithm; 378(31.4%) and 217(18.0%) scored > 10 and > 15 on GAD-7 respectively. Daily core items for depression were scored in 232(56.2%) and 139(74.3%) prisoners reaching > 10 and > 15 respectively on PHQ-9; daily core anxiety items in 282(74.9%) and 179(96.3%) reaching > 10 and > 15 on GAD-7. Young age, prison and previous high alcohol intake were associated with > 15 on the PHQ-9. Cluster analysis showed a cluster with core symptoms of depression, slowness, restlessness, suicidality, poor concentration, irritability or fear. Altered appetite, poor sleep, lack of energy, guilt or worthlessness belonged to other clusters and may not be indicative of depression. CONCLUSIONS: In male prisoners > 35 years, a score of > 10 on the PHQ-9 over diagnoses depressive episodes but a score of > 10 on the GAD-7 may detect cases of GAD more efficiently. Further research utilising standardised psychiatric interviews is required to determine whether the diagnostic algorithm, a higher cut-off on the PHQ-9 or the profile of symptoms on the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 used sing

Published
2021

14. LBA83 Outcomes of the 2019 novel coronavirus in patients with or without a history of cancer: A multi-centre North London experience

Author

Nalinie Joharatnam-Hogan, N., primary, Daniel Hochhauser, D., additional, Shiu, K-K., additional, Rush, H., additional, Crolley, V., additional, Butcher, E., additional, Sharma, A., additional, Muhammad, A., additional, Vasdev, N., additional, Anwar, M., additional, Kantser, G., additional, Saha, A., additional, Raja, F., additional, Bridgewater, J., additional, and Khan, K.H., additional

Published
2020
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19. An integrated national scale SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance network

Author

Aanensen, DM, Abudahab, K, Adams, A, Afifi, S, Alam, MT, Alderton, A, Alikhan, N-F, Allan, J, Almsaud, M, Alrezaihi, A, Alruwaili, M, Amato, R, Andersson, M, Angyal, A, Aranday-Cortes, E, Ariani, C, Armstrong, SD, Asamaphan, P, Attwood, S, Aydin, A, Badhan, A, Baker, D, Baker, P, Balcazar, CE, Ball, J, Barton, AE, Bashton, M, Baxter, L, Beale, M, Beaver, C, Beckett, A, Beer, R, Beggs, A, Bell, A, Bellis, KL, Bentley, EG, Berriman, M, Betteridge, E, Bibby, D, Bicknell, K, Birchley, A, Black, G, Blane, B, Bloomfield, S, Bolt, F, Bonsall, DG, Bosworth, A, Bourgeois, Y, Boyd, O, Bradshaw, D, Breuer, J, Bridgewater, H, Brooks, T, Broos, A, Brown, JR, Brown, RL, Brunker, K, Bucca, G, Buck, D, Bull, M, Butcher, E, Caddy, SL, Caller, LG, Cambell, S, Carlile, M, Carmichael, S, Carrilero, L, Castellano, S, Chaloner, J, Chand, M, Chapman, MR, Chappell, J, Charles, I, Chauhan, AJ, Chawla, A, Cheng, E, Churcher, CM, Clark, G, Clark, JJ, Collins, J, Colquhoun, R, Connor, TR, Constantinidou, C, Coombes, J, Corden, S, Cottrell, S, Cowell, A, Curran, MD, Curran, T, Dabrera, G, Danesh, J, Darby, AC, De Cesare, M, Martins, LDO, De Silva, TI, Debebe, B, Dervisevic, S, Dewar, RA, Dia, M, Dorman, M, Dougan, G, Dover, L, Downing, F, Drury, E, Du Plessis, L, Dyal, PL, Eccles, R, Edwards, S, Ellaby, N, Elliott, S, Eltringham, G, Elumogo, N, Essex, S, Evans, CM, Evans, J, Nascimento, FF, Fairley, DJ, Farr, B, Feltwell, T, Ferguson, N, Filipe, ADS, Findlay, J, Forrest, LM, Forrest, S, Foulser, L, Francois, S, Fraser, C, Frost, L, Gallagher, E, Gallagher, MD, Garcia-Dorival, I, Gaskin, A, Gatica-Wilcox, B, Gavriil, A, Geidelberg, L, Gemmell, M, Gerada, A, Gifford, L, Gilbert, L, Gilmore, P, Gilroy, R, Girgis, S, Glaysher, S, Golubchik, T, Goncalves, S, Goodfellow, I, Goodwin, S, Graham, C, Graham, L, Grammatopoulos, D, Green, A, Green, LR, Greenaway, J, Gregory, R, Groves, DC, Groves, N, Guest, M, Gunson, R, Haldenby, S, Hall, G, Hamilton, WL, Han, X, Harris, KA, Harrison, EM, Hartley, C, Herrera, C, Hesketh, A, Heyburn, D, Hill, V, Hiscox, JA, Holden, M, Holmes, A, Holmes, N, Holt, GS, Hopes, R, Hosmillo, M, Houldcroft, CJ, Howson-Wells, H, Hubb, J, Hughe, J, Hughes, M, Hutchings, S, Impey, R, Iturriza-Gomara, M, Jackson, A, Jackson, B, Jackson, DK, Jahun, AS, James, K, Jamrozy, D, Jeffries, A, Jesudason, N, John, M, Johnson, J, Johnson, KJ, Johnson, N, Johnston, I, Jones, B, Jones, R, Jones, S, Jorgensen, D, Kane, L, Kay, GL, Kay, S, Keatley, J-P, Keeley, AJ, Khakh, M, Khokhar, FA, Kitchen, C, Knight, B, Kolyva, A, Kraemer, M, Kristiansen, M, Kumziene-Summerhayes, S, Kwiatkowski, D, Lackenby, A, Langford, C, Lawniczak, M, Thanh, L-V, Lee, D, Letchford, L, Li, K, Li, L, Liggett, S, Lindsey, BB, Livett, R, Lloyd, A, Lo, S, Lockhart, M, Loh, J, Loman, NJ, Loose, M, Lucaci, A, Ludden, C, Luu, L, Lyons, RA, MacIntyre-Cockett, G, MacLean, A, Mair, D, Maksimovic, J, Manley, R, Manso, C, Manson, J, Martincorena, I, Masoli, J, Mather, AE, Mbisa, T, McCluggage, K, McClure, P, McCrone, JT, McDonald, S, McHugh, MP, McKenna, JM, McMinn, L, McMurray, C, Meadows, L, Menegazzo, M, Meredith, LW, Merrick, I, Mestek-Boukhibar, L, Miah, S, Michell, S, Michelsen, ML, Molnar, Z, Moore, C, Moore, N, Morgan, M, Morgan, S, Muddyman, D, Muir, DA, Muir, P, Myers, R, Nastouli, E, Naydenova, P, Nelson, A, Nelson, C, Nelson, R, Nicholls, S, Nichols, J, Niebel, M, Niola, P, Nomikou, K, O'Grady, J, O'Toole, AN, O'Toole, E, Olateju, C, Orton, RJ, Osman, H, Ott, S, Pacchiarini, N, Padgett, D, Page, AJ, Palmer, S, Panchbhaya, YN, Pandey, S, Park, N, Parker, MD, Parkhill, J, Parr, YA, Parsons, PJ, Partridge, DG, Patel, M, Patterson, S, Payne, B, Peacock, SJ, Penrice-Randal, R, Perry, M, Platt, S, Poplawski, R, Prakash, R, Prestwood, L, Price, A, Price, JR, Puethe, C, Pybus, O, Pymont, H, Quail, M, Quick, J, Raghwani, J, Ragonnet-Cronin, M, Rahman, S, Rainbow, L, Rajatileka, S, Rambaut, A, Ramsay, M, Randell, PA, Randle, NP, Raviprakash, V, Raza, M, Silva, PR, Rey, S, Richter, A, Robertson, DL, Robinson, TI, Robson, SC, Rooke, S, Rowan, A, Rowe, W, Roy, S, Rudder, S, Ruis, C, Sang, F, Scarlett, G, Schaefer, U, Scott, C, Scott, G, Sethi, D, Shaaban, S, Shah, R, Sharma, P, Shawli, GT, Shepherd, J, Sherriff, N, Shirley, L, Sillitoe, J, Simpson, DA, Singer, JB, Siveroni, I, Smith, C, Smith, CP, Smith, DL, Smith, N, Smith, W, Smith-Palmer, A, Smollett, K, Southgate, J, Spellman, K, Spencer-Chapman, M, Sridhar, S, Stanley, R, Stark, R, Stewart, JP, Stockton, J, Stuart, C, Studholme, D, Swainston, N, Swindells, E, Taha, Y, Tariq, MA, Taylor, B, Taylor, GP, Taylor, S, Taylor-Joyce, G, Tedim, AP, Temperton, B, Templeton, KE, Thomson, EC, Thomson, NM, Thornton, A, Thurston, S, Todd, J, Tong, L, Tonkin-Hill, G, Torok, ME, Trebes, A, Trotter, AJ, Tsoleridis, T, Tucker, RM, Tutill, HJ, Underwood, A, Unnikrishnan, M, Vamos, E, Vasylyeva, T, Vattipally, S, Victoria, A, Vipond, B, Volz, EM, Wain, J, Wang, D, Warwick-Dugdale, J, Wastnedge, E, Watkins, J, Watts, J, Webber, M, Weeks, S, Weldon, D, Whitehead, M, Williams, CA, Williams, C, Williams, D, Williams, R, Williams, TC, Wise, E, Wright, V, Wyles, MD, Wyllie, S, Yakovleva, A, Yasir, M, Yeats, C, Yew, WC, Young, GR, Yu, X, and Zarebski, A

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), Scale (ratio), SARS-CoV-2, viruses, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), COVID-19, COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK) consortiumcontact@cogconsortium.uk, C500, Genome, Viral, Genomics, Biology, C700, Microbiology, Article, Infectious Diseases, Virology, Humans, Cartography
Abstract

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Genomics UK Consortium (COG-UK) was launched in March, 2020, with £20 million support from UK Research and Innovation, the UK Department of Health and Social Care, and Wellcome Trust. The goal of this consortium is to sequence severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) for up to 230 000 patients, health-care workers, and other essential workers in the UK with COVID-19, which will help to enable the tracking of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, identify viral mutations, and integrate with health data to assess how the viral genome interacts with cofactors and consequences of COVID-19.

Published
2020
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30. The Regulation of Lymphocyte Traffic

Author

Butcher, E. C., Clarke, A., editor, Compans, R. W., editor, Cooper, M., editor, Eisen, H., editor, Goebel, W., editor, Koprowski, H., editor, Melchers, F., editor, Oldstone, M., editor, Rott, R., editor, Vogt, P. K., editor, Wagner, H., editor, and Wilson, I., editor

Published
1986
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34. Direct calculation of collisional properties that require energy derivatives of the S matrix: Results for the reaction He+H+2HeH++H.

Author

Darakjian, Z., Hayes, E. F., Parker, G. A., Butcher, E. A., and Kress, J. D.

Subjects
COLLISIONS (Nuclear physics), HELIUM, HYDROGEN, CHEMICAL reactions
Abstract

The Darakjian–Hayes direct method for determining quantum lifetimes for three atoms scattering in three physical dimensions is used to determine accurate state-to-state time delays for the reaction of helium with H+2 for total angular momentum J=0. These results are compared with the time delays obtained by numerical differentiation of the S-matrix elements generated using the APH (adiabatically adjusting principal-axis hyperspherical) formulation of Pack and Parker. The direct method was found to be accurate and efficient for calculating the energy derivatives of the S matrix. The calculated eigenvalues of Smith’s collision lifetime matrix (eigen lifetimes) for this reaction predict numerous long-lived metastable states, many with lifetimes over 0.5 ps. The extent of the coupling of metastable states to specific scattering states provides an indication of the nature and magnitude of the time delays associated with particular state-to-state scattering processes. The direct method for calculating the energy derivatives of the S matrix is also found to be accurate and efficient for determining the energy derivative of the cumulative reaction probability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1991
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35. Inhibition of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by a Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor

Author

Gabriela Constantin, Laudanna, C., Brocke, S., and Butcher, E. C.

Subjects
Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental, Cell Survival, T-Lymphocytes, Immunology, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, Brain, Mice, Inbred Strains, Protein-Tyrosine Kinases, Tyrphostins, Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1, Lymphocyte Activation, lymphocyte trafficking, Peptide Fragments, Mice, Cell Adhesion, Animals, Tyrosine, Immunology and Allergy, Female, Phosphorylation, Myelin Proteolipid Protein, signal transduction
Abstract

Migration of lymphocytes from the blood into the brain is a critical event in the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Lymphocyte adhesion to brain endothelium is the first step in lymphocyte entry into the central nervous system, leading subsequently to myelin damage and paralysis. In this paper we show that the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, tyrphostin AG490, prevents binding of freshly isolated mouse lymph node cells and of in vivo activated lymphocytes to endothelium of inflamed brain in Stamper-Woodruff adhesion assays. Moreover, AG490 inhibits adhesion of encephalitogenic T cell lines to purified ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, molecules implicated in T cell recruitment into the central nervous system. In contrast, 2-h treatment of T cell lines with high doses of tyrphostin AG490 have no effect on the viability, intracellular calcium elevation induced by Con A or TCR cross-linking, proliferation, or TNF production by Ag-stimulated T cell lines. Systemic administration of AG490 prevents the accumulation of leukocytes in the brain and the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis induced by proteolipid protein, peptide 139–151-specific T cell lines in SJL/J mice. Blood leukocytes isolated from mice treated with tyrphostin AG490 are less adhesive on purified very late Ag-4 ligands compared with adhesion of leukocytes from control animals. Our results suggest that inhibition of signaling pathways involved in lymphocyte adhesion may represent a novel therapeutic approach for demyelinating diseases.

Published
1999
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36. Late abstracts 186–187

Author

Jaehne, J., Meyer, H. -J., Wittekind, Ch., Maschek, H., Pichlmayr, R., Jacobi, G., Weiermann, G., Vitzthum, H. Gräfin, Schwabe, D., Manegold, Ch., Krempien, B., Kaufmann, M., Bailly, M., Doré, J. -F., Fodstad, Ø., Kjønniksen, I., Brøgger, A., Flørenes, V. A., Pihl, A., Aamdal, S., Nesland, J. M., Geldof, A. A., Rao, B. R., De Giovanni, C., Lollini, P. -L., Del Re, B., Scotlandi, K., Nicoletti, G., Nanni, P., Van Muijen, G. N. P., Van Der Wiel-Miezenbeek, J. M., Cornelissen, L. M. H. A., Jansen, C. F. J., Ruiter, D. J., Kieler, J., Oda, Y., Tokuriki, Y., Tenang, E. M., Lamb, J. F., Galante, E., Zanoni, F., Galluzzi, D., Cerrotta, A., Martelli, G., Guzzon, A., Reduzzi, D., Barberá-Guillem, E., Barceló, J. R., Urcelay, B., Alonso-Varona, A. I., Vidal-Vanaclocha, F., Bassukas, I. D., Maurer-Schultze, B., Storeng, R., Manzotti, C., Pratesi, G., Schachert, G., Fidler, I. J., Grimstad, I. A., Rutt, G. Th., Riesinger, P., Frank, J., Neumann, G., Wissler, J. H., Bastert, G., Liebrich, W., Lehner, B., Gonzer, S., Schlag, P., Vehmeyer, K., Hajto, T., Gabius, H. -J., Funke, I., Schlimok, G., Bock, B., Dreps, A., Schweiberer, B., Riethmüller, G., Nicolai, U., Vykoupil, K. -F., Wolf, M., Havemann, K., Georgii, A., Bertrand, S., N'Guyen, M. -J., Siracky, J., Kysela, B., Siracka, E., Pflüger, E., Schirrmacher, V., Boyano, M. D., Hanania, N., Poupon, M. F., Sherbet, G. V., Lakshmi, M. S., Van Roy, F., Vleminckx, K., Fiers, W., Dragonetti, C., De Bruyne, G., Messiaen, L., Mareel, M., Kuhn, S., Choritz, H., Schmid, U., Bihl, H., Griesbach, A., Matzku, S., Eccles, S. A., Purvies, H. P., Miller, F. R., McEachern, D., Ponton, A., Waghorne, C., Coulombe, B., Kerbel, R. S., Breitman, M., Skup, D., Gingras, M. C., Jarolim, L., Wright, J. A., Greenberg, A. H., N'Guyen, M. J., Allavena, G., Melchiori, A., Aresu, O., Percario, M., Parodi, S., Schmidt, J., Kars, P., Chader, G., Albini, A., Zöller, M., Lissitzky, J. C., Bouzon, M., Martin, P. M., Grossi, I. M., Taylor, J. D., Honn, K. V., Koch, B., Baum, W., Giedl, J., Gabius, H. J., Kalden, J. R., Hakim, A. A., LadÁnyi, A., Timár, J., Moczar, E., Lapis, K., Müller, K., Wolf, M. F., Benz, B., Schumacher, K., Kemmner, W., Morgenthaler, J., Brossmer, R., Hagmar, B., Burns, G., Erkell§, L. J., Ryd, W., Paku, S., Rot, A., Hilario, E., Unda, F., Simón, J., Aliño, S. F., Sargent, N. S. E., Burger, M. M., Altevogt, P., Kowitz, A., Chopra, H., Bandlow, G., Nagel, G. A., Lotan, R., Carralero, D., Lotan, D., Raz, A., Skubitz, A. P. N., Koliakos, G. G., Furcht, L. T., Charonis, A. S., Hamann, A., Jablonski-Westrich, D., Jonas, P., Harder, R., Butcher, E. C., Thiele, H. G., Breillout, F., Antoine, E., Lascaux, V., Boxberger, H. -J., Paweletz, N., Bracke, M., Vyncke, B., Opdenakker, G., Castronovo, V., Foidart, J. -M., Camacho, M., Fras, A. Fabra, Llorens, A., Rutllant, M. L., Erkell, L. J., Brunner, G., Heredia, A., Imhoff, J. M., Burtin, P., Nakajima, M., Lunec, J., Parker, C., Fennelly, J. A., Smith, K., Roossien, F. F., La Rivière, G., Roos, E., Erdel, M., Trefz, G., Spiess, E., Ebert, W., Verhaegen, S., Remels, L., Verschueren, H., Dekegel, D., De Baetselier, P., Van Hecke, D., Hannecart-Pokorni, E., Falkvoll, K. H., Alonso, A., Baroja, A., Sebbag, U., Barbera-Guillem, E., Behrens, J., Mareel, M. M., Birchmeier, W., Waterhouse, P., Khokha, R., Chambers, A., Yagel, S., Lala, P. K., Denhardt, D. T., Hennes, R., Frantzen, F., Keller, R., Schwartz-Albiez, R., Fondaneche, M. C., Mignatti, P., Tsuboi, R., Robbins, E., Rifkin, D. B., Overall, C. M., Sacchi, A., Falcioni, R., Piaggio, G., Rizzo, M. G., Perrotti, N., Kennel, S. J., Girschick, H., Müller-Hermelink, H. K., Vollmers, H. P., Wenzel, A., Liu, S., Günthert, U., Wesch, V., Giles, M., Ponta, H., Herrlich, P., Stade, B., Hupke, U., Holzmann, B., Johnson, J. P., Sauer, A., Roller, E., Klumpp, B., Güttler, N., Lison, A., Walk, A., Redini, F., Moczar, M., Leoni, F., Da Dalt, M. G., Ménard, S., Canevari, S., Miotti, S., Tagliabue, E., Colnaghi, M. I., Ostmeier, H., Suter, L., Possati, L., Rosciani, C., Recanatini, E., Beatrici, V., Diambrini, M., Polito, M., Rothbächer, U., Eisenbach, L., Plaksin, D., Gelber, C., Kushtai, G., Gubbay, J., Feldman, M., Benke, R., Benedetto, A., Elia, G., Sala, A., Belardelli, F., Lehmann, J. M., Ladanyi, A., Hanisch, F. -G., Sölter, J., Jansen, V., Böhmer, G., Peter-Katalinic, J., Uhlenbruck, G., O'Connor, R., Müller, J., Kirchner, T., Bover, B., Tucker, G., Valles, A. M., Gavrilovic, J., Thiery, J. P., Kaufmann, A. M., Volm, M., Edel, G., Zühlsdorf, M., Voss, H., Wörmann, B., Hiddemann, W., De Neve, W., Van Den Berge, D., Van Loon, R., Storme, G., Zacharski, L. R., Wojtukiewicz, M. Z., Memoli, V., Kisiel, W., Kudryk, B. J., Stump, D., Piñol, G., Gonzalez-Garrigues, M., Fabra, A., Marti, F., Rueda, F., Lichtner, R. B., Khazaie, K., Timar, J., Greenzhevskaya, S. N., Shmalko, Yu. P., Hill, S. E., Rees, R. C., MacNeil, S., Millon, R., Muller, D., Eber, M., Abecassis, J., Betzler, M., Bahtsky, K. P., Umansky, V. Yu., Krivorotov, A. A., Balitskaya, E. K., Pridatko, O. E., Smelkova, M. I., Smirnov, I. M., Korczak, B., Fisher, C., Thody, A. J., Young, S. D., Hill, R. P., Frixen, U., Gopas, J., Segal, S., Hammerling, G., Bar-Eli, M., Rager-Zisman, B., Har-Vardi, I., Alon, Y., Hämmerling, G. J., Perez, M., Algarra, I., Collado, Ma. D., Peran, E., Caballero, A., Garrido, F., Turner, G. A., Blackmore, M., Stern, P. L., Thompson, S., Levin, I., Kuperman, O., Eyal, A., Kaneti, J., Notter, M., Knuth, A., Martin, M., Chauffert, B., Caignard, A., Hammann, A., Martin, F., Dearden, M. T., Pelletier, H., Dransfield, I., Jacob, G., Rogers, K., Pérez-Yarza, G., Cañavate, M. L., Lucas, R., Bouwens, L., Mantovani, G., Serri, F. G., Macciò, A., Zucca, M. V., Del Giacco, G. S., Pérez, M., Kärre, K., Apt, D., Traversari, C., Sensi, M., Carbone, G., Parmiani, G., Hainaut, P., Weynants, P., Degiovanni, G., Boon, T., Marquardt, P., Stulle, K., Wölfel, T., Herin, M., Van den Eynde, B., Klehmann, E., Büschenfelde, K. -H. Meyer zum, Samija, M., Gerenčer, M., Eljuga, D., Bašić, I., Heacock, C. S., Blake, A. M., D'Aleo, C. J., Alvarez, V. L., Gresser, I., Maury, C., Moss, J., Woodrow, D., von Ardenne, M., Krüger, W., Möller, P., Schachert, H. K., Itaya, T., Frost, P., Rodolfo, M., Salvi, C., Bassi, C., Huland, E., Huland, H., Sersa, G., Willingham, V., Hunter, N., Milas, L., Schild, H., von Hoegen, P., Mentges, B., Bätz, W., Suzuki, N., Mizukoshi, T., Sava, G., Ceschia, V., Zabucchi, G., Farkas-Himsley, H., Schaal, O., Klenner, T., Keppler, B., Alvarez-Diaz, A., Bizzari, J. P., Barbera-Guillem, F., Osterloh, B., Bartkowski, R., LÖhrke, H., Schwahn, E., Schafmayer, A., Goerttler, K., Cillo, C., Ling, V., Giavazzi, R., Vecchi, A., Luini, W., Garofalo, A., Iwakawa, M., Arundel, C., Tofilon, P., Giraldi, T., Perissin, L., Zorzet, S., Piccini, P., Pacor, S., Rapozzi, V., Fink, U., Zeuner, H., Dancygier, H., Classen, M., Lersch, C., Reuter, M., Hammer, C., Brendel, W., Mathé, G., Bourut, C., Chenu, E., Kidani, Y., Mauvernay, Y., Schally, A. V., Reizenstein, P., Gastiaburu, J., Comaru-Schally, A. M., Cupissol, D., Jasmin, C., Missot, J. L., Wingen, F., Schmähl, D., Pauwels-Vergely, C., Poupon, M. -F., Gasic, T. B., Ewaskiewicz, J. I., Gasic, G. J., Pápay, J., Mauvernay, R., Schally, A., Keiling, R., Hagipantelli, R., Busuttil, M., VoVan, M. L., Misset, J. L., Lévi, F., Musset, M., Ribaud, P., Hilgard, P., Reissmann, T., Stekar, J., Voegeli, R., Den Otter, W., Maas, H. A., Dullens, H. F. J., Merriman, R. L., Tanzer, L. R., Shackelford, K. A., Bemis, K. G., Campbell, J. B., and Matsumoto, K.

Published
1988
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38. L-selectin and very late antigen-4 integrin promote eosinophil rolling at physiological shear rates in vivo

Author

Srirama Rao, Andrian, U. H., Butcher, E. C., Bourdon, M. A., and Broide, D. H.

Subjects
Immunology, Immunology and Allergy
Abstract

Adherence of eosinophils to vascular endothelium and their accumulation at sites of allergen challenge are hallmarks of allergic inflammation. However, the molecular mechanisms mediating eosinophil adhesion under conditions of blood flow are not well understood. The present studies were performed to identify the receptors on human eosinophils involved in initiating adhesion to activated endothelium at physiologic shear rates in vivo. We have compared the relative contribution of L-selectin, VLA-4 (CD49d), and CD18 integrins in mediating eosinophil adhesion to microvascular endothelial cells in the rabbit mesentery by using intravital video microscopy. Eosinophils were found to roll in venules, but not arterioles, and this rolling could be stimulated by activation of endothelium with IL-1. In contrast to neutrophil rolling, which is predominantly L-selectin-dependent, eosinophil rolling was mediated by L-selectin, and also VLA-4. mAbs to L-selectin and VLA-4 alpha, but not CD18, significantly inhibited eosinophil rolling in vivo. The inhibition of VLA-4-mediated eosinophil rolling was not caused by modulation of eosinophil L-selectin or CD18 expression. This inhibition also was not caused by nonspecific inhibitory effect of the Abs studied, because the anti-VLA-4 mAbs inhibited eosinophil (VLA-4+) but not neutrophil (VLA-4-) rolling in the mesenteric venules. These results demonstrate that early events of eosinophil adhesion, i.e., rolling, are mediated by multiple adhesion receptors, including L-selectin and VLA-4, at physiologic shear rates in vivo.

Published
1994
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43. Rapid leukocyte integrin activation by chemokines

Author

Laudanna, Carlo, Kym, Y., Constantin, Gabriela, and Butcher, E.

Subjects
Inflammation, Integrin activation, chemokines, leukocytes, Integrins, Cell Adhesion, Leukocytes, Animals, Humans, Chemokines, Lymphocyte Activation
Abstract

Chemokines control selective targeting of circulating leukocytes to the microvasculature by triggering inside-out signal transduction pathways leading to integrin-dependent adhesion. Integrin activation by chemokines is very rapid, is downmodulated within minutes and appears to involve both enhanced heterodimer lateral mobility on the plasma membrane, facilitating encounters with dispersed ligand, as well as induction of a high-affinity state. These two modalities of integrin activation by chemokines involve distinct signaling pathways in the cell, yet complement each other functionally, allowing binding of rolling cells under conditions of low as well as high ligand density. Recent data show that chemokines generate both pro- and anti-adhesive intracellular signaling events, whose equilibrium is likely to be relevant to the kinetics of adhesion and de-adhesion, and to cell movement during diapedesis and chemotaxis. Importantly, chemokines utilize different signaling mechanisms to modulate the activity of distinct integrin subtypes. These recent advances suggest that chemokines may regulate adhesive responses of immune cells based not only on patterns of chemokine receptor expression, but also on variable signaling pathways that can modulate the pro-adhesive responses of leukocytes as a function of their differentiated state, and of the local microenvironment.

Published
2002

44. Chemokines trigger immediate beta2 integrin affinity and mobility changes: differential regulation and roles in lymphocyte arrest under flow

Author

Constantin, Gabriela, Majeed, M., Giagulli, Cinzia, Piccio, L., Kim, J. Y., Butcher, E. C., and Laudanna, Carlo

Subjects
Time Factors, chemokines, Models, Biological, Mice, Peyer's Patches, Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases, Cell Movement, Endopeptidases, Cell Adhesion, Animals, Humans, Lymphocytes, Cells, Cultured, Chemokine CCL21, Cell Membrane, lymphocyte trafficking, Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1, Chemokine CXCL12, Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1, CD18 Antigens, Chemokines, CC, integrins, Chemokine CCL19, Endothelium, Vascular, signal transduction, Chemokines, CXC
Abstract

Chemokines trigger rapid integrin-dependent lymphocyte arrest to vascular endothelium. We show that the chemokines SLC, ELC, and SDF-1alpha rapidly induce lateral mobility and transient increase of affinity of the beta2 integrin LFA-1. Inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-OH kinase (PI(3)K) activity blocks mobility but not affinity changes and prevents lymphocyte adhesion to ICAM-1 immobilized at low but not high densities, suggesting that mobility enhances the frequency of encounters between high-affinity integrin and ligand but that at higher ligand density affinity changes are sufficient for arrest. Thus, chemokines trigger, through distinct signaling pathways, both a high-affinity state and lateral mobility of LFA-1 that can coordinately determine the vascular arrest of circulating lymphocytes under physiologic conditions.

Published
2000

46. Selectins: A family of adhesion receptors

Author

Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA, ICOS, South East Bothell, Washington 98021, USA, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98104, USA, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, USA, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73204, USA, Bevilacqua, M., Butcher, E., Furie, Barbara, Furie, Bruce, Gallatin, M., Gimbrone, M., Harlan, J., Kishimoto, K., Lasky, L., McEver, R., Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA, ICOS, South East Bothell, Washington 98021, USA, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98104, USA, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, USA, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73204, USA, Bevilacqua, M., Butcher, E., Furie, Barbara, Furie, Bruce, Gallatin, M., Gimbrone, M., Harlan, J., Kishimoto, K., Lasky, L., and McEver, R.

Published
2006

49. Expression of the mucosal vascular addressin, MAdCAM-1, on sinus-lining cells in the spleen

Author

Kraal, G., Schornagel, K., Streeter, P. R., Holzmann, B., and Butcher, E. C.

Subjects
Integrins, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Mice, Inbred C3H, Receptors, Lymphocyte Homing, Immunoglobulins, Arterioles, Mice, Mucoproteins, Cell Movement, Animals, Female, Lymphocytes, Cell Adhesion Molecules, Spleen, Research Article
Abstract

The MAdCAM-1 adhesion molecule is involved in lymphocyte homing into mucosal sites and is expressed on high endothelial venules of Peyer's patches and mesenteric lymph nodes. In the spleen, where high endothelial venules are absent, expression can be found on cells in the marginal zone between red and white pulp. By immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy it was demonstrated that in the spleen cells expressing MAdCAM-1 belong to the population of sinus-lining cells and that the expression is restricted to the sinus-lining cells closest to the lymphoid white pulp. Lymphocytes that migrate from the blood into this white pulp area will have to pass through the rim of cells expressing MAdCAM-1. A functional role for MAdCAM-1 or its lymphocyte ligand, the alpha 4 beta 7 integrin complex, was investigated by in vivo short-term homing experiments with anti-MAdCAM-1 and anti-alpha 4 beta 7 antibodies, but no direct role for this receptor-ligand interaction could be demonstrated.

Published
1995

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