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El presente artículo observa siete cuentos de Jorge Luis Borges en los cuales los personajes que concurren tienen como característica común ser judíos. El sino trágico de cada uno de ellos se despliega irremediablemente en los mundos posibles creados. El estudio reflexiona sobre las fuentes que alimentarían esta estructura escritural y los diversos matices que Borges recrea frente a tragedia judía. The present article observes seven stories of Jorge Luis Borges in which the characters that concur have as a common characteristic to be Jewish. The tragic fate of each of them unfolds irremediably in the possible worlds created. The study reflects on the sources that would feed this scriptural structure and the different nuances that Borges recreates against Jewish tragedy.

* This record is given in both English and Spanish Teats and soothers for infants are usually made of rubber and silicone rubber. During the vulca­nization process of rubber, nitrosatable substances can be formed which in contact with nitrates present in the saliva may lead to the formation of N-nitrosamines, chemicals considered to pose a health risk due to their carcinogenic and/or mutagenic properties. These substances are regulated at European level by Directive 93/11/EEC, transposed into the Spanish Royal Decree 1184/1994. Ta­king into account the lack of data available at national level, and also the frequent use of this type or articles intended for the infant population, we carried out a prospective study on the release of N-nitrosamines and N-nitrosatable substances into artificial saliva solution, on 24 samples of teats and soothers marketed in Spain. Gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used as the analytical method, along with UNE-EN 12868 as standard for the release test. The analytical method was internally validated with satisfactory results for the criteria set in Guidelines for performance criteria and validation procedures of analytical methods used in controls of food contact materials. N-nitrosamines and N-nitrosatable substances determined in this study were below the regu­lated limits of 0.01 mg.kg-1 and 0.1 mg.kg-1, respectively, in all the 24 samples. These results are in agreement with data published by other authors, EN; PDF; pfefsa@mscbs.es

* This record is given in both English and Spanish Overall migration testing is one of the tests performed on plastic materials to prove their compliance with the regulation on plastic materials intended to come into contact with food, Regulation (EU) No 10/2011. Overall migration enables the compliance of the inertia of the material to be verified, such that it does not alter the composition of the food in contact. Plastic lunch boxes or food containers are a type of article the use of which by the consumers has increased in recent years due to lifestyle, in particular the use of plastic lunch boxes. These articles are nearly always reusable, enabling both the storage and transport of foodstuffs and, in many instances, the heating of food. The purpose of this work was to provide data regarding the compliance of plastic lunch boxes in relation to fatty overall migration (FOM), applying the methodology outlined in UNE-EN 1186 Standard, under accreditation in the laboratory. The choice of the fatty food simulant for the tests, vegetable oil (simulant D2), was based on the fact that these plastic articles are usually made from polyolefins, materials of apolar character, and for this reason it is reasonable assume that contact with fatty foods would give the worst result in terms of potential migration. To our knowledge, there is no available data published in Spain concerning this type of testing and articles. Fifteen samples of plastic lunch boxes (for repeated use), of 13 different brands acquired in the retail sector of the Community of Madrid, were analysed for overall migration using vegetable oil (test OM 2). The overall migration limit of 10 mg/dm2, in the third migration test, was not exceeded in any of the samples. In 9 out of the 15 samples, quantifiable results were obtained, with values ranging from 1.7 mg/dm2 to 6.1 mg/dm2. In addition, with the aim of carrying out a comparison of the results with the conventional D2 simulant and alternative simulants, 11 of the 15 samples were also tested with isooctane (2 days 20 ºC). Only in one of the 11 samples a significant difference between the results was detected, being the value obtained with simulant D2 higher than with isooctane. The mean result of the samples analysed with both simulants (11 samples) was very similar: 3.0 mg/dm2 with simulant D2 and 2.1 mg/dm2 with isooctane, EN; PDF; pfefsa@mscbs.es

SCENIHR (Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks), Safety of the use of bisphenol A in medical devices, 18 February 2015, Testai, Emanuela; Hartemann, Philippe; Rodríguez-Farré, Eduard; Rastogi, Suresh Chandra; de Jong, Wim; Bustos, Juana; Castle, Laurence; Gundert-Remy, Ursula; Hensten, Arne; Kopperud, Hilde Molvig; Olea, Nicolás; Piersma, Aldert; SCENIHR (Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks). The Safety of the use of Bisphenol A in medical devices. [S.l.]: European Commission, 2015. 166 p. ISSN 1831-4783 . ISBN 978-92-79-30133-9 . DOI Doi: 10.2772/75546, This opinion assesses whether the use of bisphenol A in medical devices such as implants, catheters, and dental devices could give reasons for safety concerns, to provide indications on limit values for BPA release from medical devices and to identify any patient group, e.g. infants, pregnant and breastfeeding women who would be particularly at risk. Several exposure scenarios have been evaluated taking into account the material used, information related to BPA leaching, the duration of a single treatment and the frequency of treatments, giving rise to toxicologically relevant acute, short and long term exposure. The SCENIHR concludes that risk for adverse effects of BPA may exist when the BPA is directly available for systemic exposure after non-oral exposure routes, especially for neonates in intensive care units, infants undergoing prolonged medical procedures and for dialysis patients. Although the benefit of medical devices has also to be considered, the SCENIHR recommends that, where practicable, medical devices that do not leach BPA should be used. The possibility of replacing BPA in these products should be considered against their efficiency in the treatment, as well as the toxicological profile of the alternative materials. However, better data on exposure would be beneficial for the refinement of the present risk assessment, to be carried out when new data on exposure via medical devices will be available.

SCENIHR (Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks), Safety of the use of bisphenol A in medical devices, 18 February 2015 Testai, Emanuela; Hartemann, Philippe; Rodríguez-Farré, Eduard; Rastogi, Suresh Chandra; de Jong, Wim; Bustos, Juana; Castle, Laurence; Gundert-Remy, Ursula; Hensten, Arne; Kopperud, Hilde Molvig; Olea, Nicolás; Piersma, Aldert; SCENIHR (Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks). The Safety of the use of Bisphenol A in medical devices. [S.l.]: European Commission, 2015. 166 p. ISSN 1831-4783 . ISBN 978-92-79-30133-9 . DOI Doi: 10.2772/75546 This opinion assesses whether the use of bisphenol A in medical devices such as implants, catheters, and dental devices could give reasons for safety concerns, to provide indications on limit values for BPA release from medical devices and to identify any patient group, e.g. infants, pregnant and breastfeeding women who would be particularly at risk. Several exposure scenarios have been evaluated taking into account the material used, information related to BPA leaching, the duration of a single treatment and the frequency of treatments, giving rise to toxicologically relevant acute, short and long term exposure. The SCENIHR concludes that risk for adverse effects of BPA may exist when the BPA is directly available for systemic exposure after non-oral exposure routes, especially for neonates in intensive care units, infants undergoing prolonged medical procedures and for dialysis patients. Although the benefit of medical devices has also to be considered, the SCENIHR recommends that, where practicable, medical devices that do not leach BPA should be used. The possibility of replacing BPA in these products should be considered against their efficiency in the treatment, as well as the toxicological profile of the alternative materials. However, better data on exposure would be beneficial for the refinement of the present risk assessment, to be carried out when new data on exposure via medical devices will be available.

This report outlines the results of the Workshop Technical Guidelines on Migration Testing under Regulation EU No 10/2011, JRC.I.1-Chemical Assessment and Testing

Esta tesis fue realizada con el fin de evaluar la calidad del servicio educativo para determinar el nivel de deserción estudiantil de la unidad educativa “Capitán Pedro Oscar Salas Bajaña” y su repercusión en los servicios educativos entregados. El objetivo de esta, es revisar la fundamentación teórica de la calidad en la gestión educativa, analizar las fortalezas y oportunidades que tiene en la actualidad, analizar el clima organizacional del cuerpo docente, identificar la satisfacción de los clientes (internos y externos) e identificar la deserción del alumnado de la unidad educativa. Como hipótesis se planteó que los directivos de la Unidad educativa tiene la percepción de que la deserción estudiantil desde el año 2005 al 2011 se debe a la forma de la gestión administrativa. Para realizar esta evaluación se realizó un análisis de la percepción de la comunidad educativa, referente a la gestión gerencial, por lo tanto se realizó una investigación de tipo cuantitativo, utilizando un método inductivo –deductivo. Se ha utilizado muestras probabilísticas, instrumentos de recopilación de informacióncomo son: encuestas, observación, entrevistas, cuestionarios y fichas de entrevistas y se ha empleado la estadística para análisis de resultados, productode la investigación que se hizo tanto a alumnos, docentes y padres de familia.

Comparability of results is an important feature of the measurements carried out for official controls purposes. In the area of food contact materials and articles comparability of results is dependent on the availability of samples representative of the consignment, the type of exposure and the test conditions used as well as on the performance of the method of analysis. These guidelines contain practical information on sampling, migration testing and methodologies for the analytical determination of primary aromatic amines and of formaldehyde. These guidelines were developed specifically in the context of the Regulation 284/2011 laying down specific conditions and detailed procedures for the import of polyamide and melamine plastic kitchenware originating in or consigned from [the] People's Republic of China and Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China. These guidelines have been prepared by the European Union Reference Laboratory in collaboration with its EU official Network of National Reference Laboratories and have been endorsed by the European Commission competent service DG Health and Consumers (DG SANCO) and its network of Member State Competent Authorities. They are primarily addressed to official control laboratories, national reference laboratories and third party laboratories for providing certificates of compliance. The sampling strategy is addressed to the points of first introduction of import goods in the EU., JRC.I.1-Chemical Assessment and Testing

Commission Regulation (EU) No 10/2011 of 14 January 2011 on plastic materials and articles intended to come into contact with food contains four issues for which food inspectors and enforcement laboratories need further guidance. These issues are the concept of the fat reduction factor and the functional barrier, and the restrictions for certain phthalates and primary aromatic amines. The Regulation applies from 1 May 2011. The network of the European Union Reference Laboratory and the National Reference Laboratories for food contact materials created a Task Force in order to give guidance on these issues., JRC.I.1-Chemical Assessment and Testing

Commission Regulation (EU) No 10/2011 of 14 January 2011 on plastic materials and articles intended to come into contact with food contains four issues for which food inspectors and enforcement laboratories need further guidance. These issues are the concept of the fat reduction factor and the functional barrier, and the restrictions for certain phthalates and primary aromatic amines. The Regulation applies from 1 May 2011. The network of the European Union Reference Laboratory and the National Reference Laboratories for food contact materials created a Task Force in order to give guidance on these issues.

El presente trabajo es una recopilación de los anteproyectos, proyectos y obras realizados durante el tiempo de EGRESADO como demostración de mi constante actividad en el ejercicio de la profesión, aplicando los conocimientos adquiridos en la Facultad de Arquitectura de la Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería. El sistema empleado como presentación, permite conocer fácilmente mi participación en el desenvolvimiento de los trabajos realizados. Se optó por dividir en dos tomos I y II: El Tomo I, incluye documentos sustentatorios, currículum y constancias expedidas por profesionales y entidades con las que me he relacionado laboralmente. El tomo II, es la descripción de los trabajos realizados, documentados con fotos y planos, cuando ha sido posible obtenerlos. Trabajo de suficiencia profesional