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Buskia socialis Hincks, 1887 (Figs 3–5) Buskia socialis Hincks 1887: 310, pl. 9, fig. 7; Marcus 1937: 143, pl. 28, fig. 77B, pl. 29, fig. 77A; Prenant & Bobin 1956: 310, fig. 141; Gordon & Mawatari 1992: 14, fig. 2G; Vieira et al. 2008: 9; Schwindt et al. 2020: 15. Material examined. MACN-In 35765. April, 1968, Mar del Plata harbour, collected by Ricardo Bastida, identified by Analía Amor. MACN-In 43871, San Antonio Este harbour, December 6, 2016, collected by Karen Castro. Description. Colony erect, flexible, yellowish, up to 3 cm long. Branching opposite or alternate. Stolon diameter about 104 µm near the apex of the branches, to about 237 µm in older parts of the colony. Retracted zooids flaskshaped, disposed in two longitudinal series along the stolon, about 521–778 µm long and 176–212 µm wide, with proximal end widened and recumbent on the stolon, and anterior end narrower and raised. Insertion point of the zooid on the stolon near the base. The lateral edges near the proximal end of the zooid may be produced into one or two projections adjacent to the stolon. Remarks. Although Mar del Plata harbour has been intensively sampled, B. socialis was not found again there after 1968. The species was not mentioned in a comprehensive study of the bryozoans of three harbours of Buenos Aires Province (Lichtschein de Bastida & Bastida 1980). Buskia socialis is a widespread species and was previously found in Rio de Janeiro (Marcus 1937) and São Sebastião (Brazil), where it has been regarded as non-indigenous (Xavier et al. 2021). It should also be regarded as a NIS in Argentina, due to its global disjunct distribution and its restricted geographic range in the Southwest Atlantic. This record, together with the mention in Schwindt et al. (2020), confirms the establishment of B. socialis in Argentina. Distribution. Mediterranean Sea (Hincks 1887), Portugal (Reverter-Gil et al. 2014), Red Sea (Hastings 1927), Atlantic coast of the United States (Maturo 1968), Brazil (Marcus 1937; Xavier et al. 2021), Buenos Aires and Río Negro provinces (this study). Gordon & Mawatari (1992) suggest that its presence in New Zealand could be due to transport by recreational vessels., Published as part of López-Gappa, Juan, Liuzzi, María G., Castro, Karen L., Bobinac, Magalí & Schwindt, Evangelina, 2022, Fouling bryozoans in Argentine harbours (Southwest Atlantic): new records and the description of a new species, pp. 374-400 in Zootaxa 5205 (4) on pages 377-378, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5205.4.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7307128, {"references":["Hincks, T. (1887) The Polyzoa of the Adriatic: a supplement to Prof. Heller's ' Die Bryozoen des adriatischen Meeres', 1867. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 5, 19, 302 - 316. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938709460247","Marcus, E. (1937) Bryozoarios marinhos brasileiros, 1. Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Zoologia, 1, 5 - 224. https: // doi. org / 10.11606 / issn. 2526 - 4877. bsffclzoologia. 1937.113912","Prenant, M. & Bobin, G. (1956) Bryozoaires. Premiere partie. Entoproctes, Phylactolemes, Ctenostomes. Faune de France, 60, 1 - 398.","Gordon, D. P. & Mawatari, S. F. (1992) Atlas of marine-fouling Bryozoa of New Zealand ports and harbours. Miscellaneous Publications New Zealand Oceanographic Institute, 107, 1 - 52.","Vieira, L. M., Migotto, A. E. & Winston, J. E. (2008) Synopsis and annotated checklist of Recent marine Bryozoa from Brazil. Zootaxa, 1810 (1), 1 - 39. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1810.1.1","Schwindt, S., Carlton, J. T., Orensanz, J. M., Scarabino, F. & Bortolus, A. (2020) Past and future of the marine bioinvasions along the Southwestern Atlantic. Aquatic Invasions, 15, 11 - 29. https: // doi. org / 10.3391 / ai. 2020.15.1.02","Lichtschein de Bastida, V. & Bastida, R. (1980) Los briozoos de las comunidades incrustantes de puertos argentinos. In: Aritio, L. (Ed.), Proceedings of the 5 th Intermational Congress on Marine Corrosion and Fouling, Marine Biology, Barcelona, Spain. Graficas Orbe, Madrid, pp. 371 - 390.","Xavier, E. A., Almeida, A. C. S. & Vieira, L. M. (2021) The role of artificial habitats on fouling bryozoan fauna in the southwestern Atlantic. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 167, 112310. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. marpolbul. 2021.112310","Reverter-Gil, O., Souto, J. & Fernandez-Pulpeiro, E. (2014) Annotated checklist of recent marine Bryozoa from continental Portugal. Nova Acta Cientifica Compostelana, Bioloxia, 21, 1 - 55.","Hastings, A. B. (1927) Zoological results of the Cambridge expedition to the Suez Canal, 1924. Report on the Polyzoa. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London, 22, 331 - 353. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1927. tb 00381. x","Maturo, F. J. S. (1968) The distributional pattern of the Bryozoa of the east coast of the United States exclusive of New England. Atti della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano, 108, 261 - 284."]}

Buskia waiinuensis sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: A5EC216B-6E64-4A39-A77E-47EA338DDF53 Fig. 1, Table 1 Diagnosis Colony encrusting, with a stolonal system branching at variable angles. Stolons thick, showing concentric lines. One or two zooids per internode, elongated elliptical, with the frontal surface convex and showing concentric lines. Orifice circular or oval, with one or two lateral cystid appendages. Etymology From Waiinu Beach, the type locality. Material examined Holotype NEW ZEALAND: Nukumaru Limestone, Waiinu Beach (R22/f0270), Nukumaruan, Pleistocene (GNS BZ 335). Description Colony entirely encrusting, consisting of a somewhat variable ramifying stolonal system with sidebranches given off stolonal axis dichotomously, at 45° or at 90°, forming square or rectangular sectors (Fig. 1 A–B). Stolons apparently fused at contact point with one another, thick, 50–65 μm in diameter. Stolonal walls shallow, ornamented with very thin, closely spaced, concentric lines. Zooids sparsely distributed (Fig. 1 A–B), irregularly positioned, usually one or two per stolonal internode, oriented with long axis parallel or perpendicular to stolonal axis, depending on overgrowth direction, elliptical, elongated and narrow (mean L/W = 2.72). Frontal surface evenly curved and slightly convex, ornamentation similar to that of stolons but with thicker concentric lines (Fig. 1 C–D). Orifice circular or transversely oval (Fig. 1 C–D). One or two cystid appendages visible laterally to orifice (Fig. 1 C–D), 58–68 μm long. Remarks Four fossil species of Buskia have been described, all preserved by bioimmuration and from European localities. In order of stratigraphic age these are: B. nigribovis Todd, 1994 from the Jurassic of France, B. inexpectata Voigt, 1979 from the Maastrichtian of the Netherlands, B. fowleri Todd, 1996 from the Eocene of England and B. hachti Voigt, 1979 from the Pliocene of France. At the present day, Buskia is represented in New Zealand by two non-indigenous species that are considered as established, viz B. nitens Alder, 1856 and B. socialis Hincks, 1887 (Gordon & Mawatari 1992; Gordon et al. 2009). Buskia waiinuensis sp. nov. differs from B. nigribovis in being regularly ramifying, with much thicker stolons (50–65 μm vs 14–24 μm) and a limited number of cystid appendages. The latter character also distinguishes the new species from B. fowleri, which in addition has densely populated stolons, as does B. inexpectata. Buskia hachti has a stolon width similar to that of the new species (ca 50 μm), but more elongated zooids (400–650 μm vs 308–438 μm) and no cystid appendages. Of the two Recent species present in New Zealand, B. socialis differs in being erect, while B. nitens has narrower stolons (ca 25 μm). Distribution The single known bioimmured colony is preserved as a mould bioimmuration on the underside of an erect cyclostome bryozoan which overgrew the soft-bodied ctenostome. It was collected from the Nukumaru Limestone (2.29–2.08 Ma, Nukumaruan, Pleistocene) at Waiinu Beach and represents the first fossil record of the genus outside Europe., Published as part of Martino, Emanuela Di, Taylor, Paul D., Gordon, Dennis P. & Liow, Lee Hsiang, 2017, New bryozoan species from the Pleistocene of the Wanganui Basin, North Island, New Zealand, pp. 1-15 in European Journal of Taxonomy 345 on pages 3-5, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2017.345, http://zenodo.org/record/3832592, {"references":["Gordon D. P. & Mawatari S. F. 1992. Atlas of marine-fouling Bryozoa of New Zealand ports and harbours. New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Miscellaneous Publications 107: 1 - 52.","Gordon D. P., Taylor P. D. & Bigey F. P. 2009. Phylum Bryozoa - moss animals, sea mats, lace corals. In: Gordon D. P. (ed.) New Zealand Inventory of Biodiversity. Volume One. Kingdom Animalia: Radiata, Lophotrochozoa, Deuterostomia: 271 - 297. Canterbury University Press, Christchurch."]}

Buskia waiinuensis sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: A5EC216B-6E64-4A39-A77E-47EA338DDF53 Fig. 1, Table 1 Diagnosis Colony encrusting, with a stolonal system branching at variable angles. Stolons thick, showing concentric lines. One or two zooids per internode, elongated elliptical, with the frontal surface convex and showing concentric lines. Orifice circular or oval, with one or two lateral cystid appendages. Etymology From Waiinu Beach, the type locality. Material examined Holotype NEW ZEALAND: Nukumaru Limestone, Waiinu Beach (R22/f0270), Nukumaruan, Pleistocene (GNS BZ 335). Description Colony entirely encrusting, consisting of a somewhat variable ramifying stolonal system with sidebranches given off stolonal axis dichotomously, at 45° or at 90°, forming square or rectangular sectors (Fig. 1 A–B). Stolons apparently fused at contact point with one another, thick, 50–65 μm in diameter. Stolonal walls shallow, ornamented with very thin, closely spaced, concentric lines. Zooids sparsely distributed (Fig. 1 A–B), irregularly positioned, usually one or two per stolonal internode, oriented with long axis parallel or perpendicular to stolonal axis, depending on overgrowth direction, elliptical, elongated and narrow (mean L/W = 2.72). Frontal surface evenly curved and slightly convex, ornamentation similar to that of stolons but with thicker concentric lines (Fig. 1 C–D). Orifice circular or transversely oval (Fig. 1 C–D). One or two cystid appendages visible laterally to orifice (Fig. 1 C–D), 58–68 μm long. Remarks Four fossil species of Buskia have been described, all preserved by bioimmuration and from European localities. In order of stratigraphic age these are: B. nigribovis Todd, 1994 from the Jurassic of France, B. inexpectata Voigt, 1979 from the Maastrichtian of the Netherlands, B. fowleri Todd, 1996 from the Eocene of England and B. hachti Voigt, 1979 from the Pliocene of France. At the present day, Buskia is represented in New Zealand by two non-indigenous species that are considered as established, viz B. nitens Alder, 1856 and B. socialis Hincks, 1887 (Gordon & Mawatari 1992; Gordon et al. 2009). Buskia waiinuensis sp. nov. differs from B. nigribovis in being regularly ramifying, with much thicker stolons (50–65 μm vs 14–24 μm) and a limited number of cystid appendages. The latter character also distinguishes the new species from B. fowleri, which in addition has densely populated stolons, as does B. inexpectata. Buskia hachti has a stolon width similar to that of the new species (ca 50 μm), but more elongated zooids (400–650 μm vs 308–438 μm) and no cystid appendages. Of the two Recent species present in New Zealand, B. socialis differs in being erect, while B. nitens has narrower stolons (ca 25 μm). Distribution The single known bioimmured colony is preserved as a mould bioimmuration on the underside of an erect cyclostome bryozoan which overgrew the soft-bodied ctenostome. It was collected from the Nukumaru Limestone (2.29–2.08 Ma, Nukumaruan, Pleistocene) at Waiinu Beach and represents the first fossil record of the genus outside Europe.