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PURPOSE: The purpose of this article is to develop a research concept for business process simulation models that take into account all possible automation scenarios activated depending on the tested configuration of their implementation., DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: As part of the research, warehouse processes were identified in one of the key Polish e-commerce companies. These processes were modeled in the next step using BPMN notation and simulated taking into account all model parameters. Thanks to the calibration of the models, it was possible to confirm their correctness. In the next step, the models were modified in order to implement automatic solutions, correct parameters., FINDINGS: The developed scenario models allow for a comparative analysis of automation scenarios by activating or deactivating individual variants of the model. The simulation results obtained for various scenario models which enabled to distinguish the potential of using the simulation, i.e. a set of process parameters that should be subject to comparative analysis in subsequent stages of the research so that it was possible to verify the results of the implemented automatic solutions., PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The changes taking place in modern logistics and warehouse processes are mainly caused by the increase in the requirements of final recipients in terms of the quality of services provided and the time of their implementation. The growing importance of online sales and the very intensively developing COVID-19 pandemic have made this distribution channel one of the key forms of obtaining and delivering products to end recipients. One of the essential elements of development is shortening process cycles, elimination of human errors or effective use of the resources involved through automation., ORIGINALITY/VALUE: As a result of the analyzes, a research concept that allows the use of multi-scenario simulation models taking into account automatic solutions in warehouse processes, implemented in the e-commerce industry, was developed. This model will be used in further research on the results of automation implementation., This paper was implemented with the funds of the project „Opracowanie metodyki wdrożenia rozwiązań zautomatyzowanych w procesach magazynowych w branży ecommerce uwzględniających postulaty 3 RIS - Innowacyjny przemysł - Zrównoważony rozwój”. Project no.: RPLB.01.01.00-08-0016/19, peer-reviewed

The inclusion of security aspects in organizations is a crucial aspect to ensure compliance with both internal and external regulations. Business process models are a well-known mechanism to describe and automate the activities of the organizations, which should include security policies to ensure the correct performance of the daily activities. Frequently, these security policies involve complex data which cannot be represented using the standard Business Process Model Notation (BPMN). In this paper, we propose the enrichment of the BPMN with a UML class diagram to describe the data model, that is also combined with security policies defined using the UCONABC framework annotated within the business process model. The integration of the business process model, the data model, and the security policies provides a context where more complex reasoning can be applied about the satisfiability of the security policies in accordance with the business process and data models. To do so, wetransform the original models, including security policies, into the BAUML framework (an artifact-centric approach to business process modelling). Once this is done, it is possible to ensure that there are no inherent errors in the model (verification) and that it fulfils the business requirements (validation), thus ensuring that the business process and the security policies are compatible and that they are aligned with the business security requirements. This work has been supported by Project PID2020-112540RB-C44 funded by MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033, Project TIN2017-87610-R funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and FEDER “Una manera de hacer Europa”, Project 2017-SGR-1749 by the Generalitat de Catalunya, Projects COPERNICA (P20 01224) and METAMORFOSIS by the Junta de Andalucía.

Es probable que la computación en nube (CC) demuestre la sostenibilidad comercial de muchas empresas debido a su flexibilidad y estructura de costos de pago por uso, particularmente en la situación actual de dificultades económicas. Esta tesis de maestría analiza la naturaleza de CC y describe cómo esta tecnología permite a las empresas mover datos y aplicaciones a Internet y acceder a ellos a través de los servicios. El uso de las tecnologías digitales está en constante aumento, lo que es un factor esencial que influye en el fenómeno de la servitización digital. Esta tesis también analiza cómo la nube ofrece a las empresas atractivas oportunidades para comprar y gestionar tecnologías. CC permite a las empresas ser más eficientes y productivas, y se aplica a diferentes empresas pertenecientes a diferentes industrias en diferentes áreas geográficas. La tesis de maestría tiene como objetivo analizar la influencia de las tecnologías de CC en las empresas que deciden adoptarlas. La metodología adoptada consiste en una revisión de la literatura, seguida de una investigación de mercado, y termina con un estudio de caso que muestra un ejemplo de la adopción de la tecnología de nube. El resultado destacó que CC es una tecnología que impulsa a satisfacer las necesidades de los clientes y mejorar sus posiciones competitivas; también permite a las empresas externalizar los departamentos de TI. Sin embargo, CC también tiene algunos desafíos representados por factores que levantan barreras a la adopción de la tecnología y empujan a los gerentes de TI a cambiar su enfoque para gestionar el acceso, el control y el riesgo. El CC también desempeña un papel vital en la contribución a los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible. Cloud computing (CC) is likely to prove commercial sustainability for many firms due to its flexibility and pay-as-you-go cost structure, particularly in the current situation of economic difficulties. This master thesis analyses the nature of CC and depicts how this technology allows firms to move data and applications to the Internet and access them through the services. The use of digital technologies is continuously increasing, which is an essential factor influencing the phenomenon of digital servitization. This master thesis also analyses how the cloud offers companies attractive opportunities to purchase and manage technologies. CC allows firms to become more efficient and productive, and it applies to different firms belonging to different industries in different geographic areas. The master thesis aims to analyze the influence of CC technologies on firms that decide to adopt them. The methodology adopted consists of a literature review, followed by market research, and ends with a case study that shows an example of the adoption of cloud technology. The result highlighted that CC is a technology that drives to meet clients' needs and improve their competitive positions; it also allows firms to outsource IT departments. However, CC also has some challenges represented by factors that raise barriers to the adoption of the technology and push IT managers to change their approach to managing access, control, and risk. CC also plays a vital role in contributing to Sustainable Development Goals.

PURPOSE: The aim of the article is to develop a system for analyzing processes and data from various data sources based on machine learning methods., DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: For data analysis, models for forecasting the level of sales and the pipeline gathering operations for the preparation of features, data, model training and its verification were designed. The data analysis pipeline is built of stages related to the preparation of features and data preparation. The learning process requires a specific division of data. The data set has been divided into three subsets, i.e., the training and validation data used in the learning process and the test subset used to verify the quality of the model., FINDINGS: The results of the conducted research show that the use of this type of analytical methods allows for the creation of new business processes, adaptation of services and goods to customer requirements, or the appropriate location of products on the retail space in order to optimize the time of shopping (especially taking into account the pandemic situation)., PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The models presented in the article can be used by combining sales systems and behavioral data related to the movement of customers in the area of the sales space, where it is possible to build systems that allow optimization of orders, the way of arranging goods and other customer behavior patterns., ORIGINALITY/VALUE: A novelty is the construction of a multi-source model for data analysis, where appropriate predictive models were built to predict the level of sales with the use of machine learning algorithms., peer-reviewed

Aquesta tesi se centra en transformar un negoci familiar de xocolata artesana per adaptar-lo a la indústria 4.0, tot mantenint l'artesania i els valors de l'empresa. En primer lloc, s'ha desenvolupat i implementat una aplicació Android. D'altra banda, s'han modificat diverses tècniques de producció i rutines cap a un ús més intel·ligent del temps, els recursos i la planificació. I finalment, s'han programat i instal·lat diversos dispositius IoT al llarg de la fàbrica per tal de poder fer un seguiment exhaustiu de les instal·lacions. Pel que fa a l'aplicació Android, aquesta incorpora tres característiques principals que són: un receptari dels productes, la planificació de la producció i el control d'equips. L’app, per tant, permet a tots els treballadors accedir als recursos necessaris en totes les fases de la producció, com ara temporitzadors automàtics i alarmes, la planificació del sistema Kanban i avisos en cas de temperatura o consum fora del rang especificat. El següent pas s’enfoca als mètodes de producció de la fàbrica, aplicant un sistema de planificació Kanban a la zona de brioxeria. Aquesta metodologia contribueix a tenir una millor organització in-situ i menys possibilitats de passar per alt les comandes especials, també facilita la traçabilitat dels ingredients i l’operari, així com el progrés de la producció. D’altra banda, mitjançant models matemàtics es prepara la planificació de la demanda pel proper any 2022, utilitzant dades d'anys anteriors i paràmetres externs. A més, tant l'optimització com la gestió de l'inventari es transformen per satisfer les necessitats de provisió. Finalment, s'han connectat una sèrie d'aparells IoT a l'equipament existent de la fàbrica, que van des de les neveres i forns fins l’escomesa principal d’electricitat de 3 fases, proporcionant un seguiment en temps real de les temperatures i les lectures de consum d'energia per a cada àrea de producció. En conclusió, totes les seccions esmentades es combinen dins de l'APP. This master’s thesis focuses on transforming a family owned chocolate firm into an industry 4.0 ready business, whilst maintaining the craft and values of the company. Firstly, a dedicated multi-purpose Android application has been developed and implemented. On the other hand, several production techniques and routines have been modified towards a smarter use of time, resources and planning. And lastly, multiple IoT devices along the factory have been programmed and installed in order to keep track of the facilities. Regarding the Android APP, it incorporates three main features which are; product recipes’, production planning and equipment monitoring. Thanks to those, it supports and enables every employee to access the necessary resources at every stage of production, such as automatic timers and triggers, Kanban system scheduling and warnings for abnormal temperature or consumption. The next step targets the factory production methods, a Kanban scheduling system is implemented in the bakery production area. This methodology contributes to having a better in-place organisation and less chance of overlooking custom orders, it also grants traceability of ingredients and handlers as well as the production progress. Furthermore, mathematical models are used to prepare demand planning for the next year 2022, using data from previous years and external parameters. In addition, both trips’ optimization and inventory management are transformed to satisfy provision needs. Finally, an array of IoT apparatus has been plugged into the existing equipment in the factory, ranging from walk-in fridges and ovens to the main 3-phase power service drop, providing real-time monitoring of temperatures and power consumption readings for every production area. In conclusion, all of the previously mentioned sections are combined within the APP, simplifying control over the production from the palm of the hand.

PURPOSE: The aim of the article is to show the relationship between the activity of users on the Internet and the establishment of a pro-consumer system., DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: The article presents the essence, forms and scope of Internet prosumption. The role of the Internet in intensifying these processes was emphasized. The article uses the survey method. A statistical relationship was demonstrated between the activity of users on the Internet and the establishment of a pro-consumer system. The degree of activity in the Internet enhances prosumption processes. The respondents who displayed pro-consumer behavior in contacts with other users were active on the Internet. This knowledge helps bidders take effective measures to inspire pro-consumer behavior by buyers., FINDINGS: The article showed that the respondents who displayed pro-consumer behavior in contacts with other users were also active on the Internet. This knowledge helps bidders to take effective action to inspire pro-consumer behavior by buyers., PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: This is very important information for bidders who, as research has shown, do not show high activity aimed at involving buyers in the marketing creation process. Sanitation of this area would allow modern enterprises to take advantage of the potential of online prosumers., ORIGINALITY/VALUE: The originality of the conducted research lies in the presentation of the relationship between the two parameters using the independence test χ2 . An independence test χ2 was used to verify hypotheses about the relationship between the two parameters describing the functions. They tried to show that prosumers with Internet activity (a sample of 100 people who declared daily activity on the Internet) establish a relationship with other users, i.e. the intensity of establishing contacts with other users depends on the degree of activity of the prosumer on the Internet., peer-reviewed

In artifact-centric business process models it is usually assumed that the specification of the activities requires stating all the effects of the activity execution over the information base (i.e. over the artifacts it handles). In particular, these effects have to deal with integrity constraint enforcement to ensure a proper treatment of integrity constraints during activity execution. Manually specifying this treatment is a difficult, expensive and error-prone task, because of the inherent difficulty of getting rid of all the implication entailed by the constraints and also of the way to properly handle it. In this paper, we advocate for separating constraint handling from the specification of activities in such a way that only the effects of the activity over the artifacts have to be defined (without needing to care about the constraints). Then, we propose an approach to automatically generate an extension to the original business process model that allows identifying at run-time the additional updates that have to be applied to the information base to repair all constraint violations caused by the activity execution. This work is partially supported by the REMEDiAL project,funded by Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad, Spain (TIN2017-87610-R); by the Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain (under 2017-SGR-1749); and by European Research Council under the European Unions Horizon 2020 Programme through the ERC Advanced Grant WhiteMech (No. 834228) and the ICT-48 2020 project TAILOR (No. 952215).

Predictive Business Process Monitoring is becoming an essential aid for organizations, providing online operational support of their processes. This paper tackles the fundamental problem of equipping predictive business process monitoring with explanation capabilities, so that not only the what but also the why is reported when predicting generic KPIs like remaining time, or activity execution. We use the game theory of Shapley Values to obtain robust explanations of the predictions. The approach has been implemented and tested on real-life benchmarks, showing for the first time how explanations can be given in the field of predictive business process monitoring., Comment: Galanti, R., Coma-Puig, B., de Leoni, M., Carmona, J., Navarin, N.: Explainable Predictive Process Monitoring, the International Conference on Process Mining (ICPM 2020), IEEE Computational Intelligence Society, 2020. Article accepted for publication

Conformance checking is receiving increasing attention in the last years. This is due to several reasons, that can be summarized into two: the explosion of digital information that talks about processes, and the need to use this data in order to monitor and improve processes in organizations. Naturally, conformance checking addresses this by providing techniques capable of relating modeled and recorded process information. This paper overviews in a very accessible way the main techniques and feedback of the conformance checking field. Moreover, in order to make it actionable, code snippets are provided so that an organization can start a conformance checking project on its own data. This work has been supported by MINECO and FEDER funds under grant TIN2017-86727-C2-1-R.

Consider an artifact-centric business process model, containing both a data model and a process model. When executing the process, it may happen that some of the data constraints from the data model are violated. Bearing this in mind, we propose an approach to automatically generate an extension to the original business process model that, when executed after a constraint violation, repairs the contents of the data leaving it in a new consistent state.