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Background: Thalassemia major is one of the most common genetically transmitted diseases in the world and is associated with reduced synthesis of structurally normal hemoglobin. -thalassemia is an autosomal recessive single gene disorder. Keeping this in mind, present study was undertaken to study the growth pattern of transfusion dependent thalassaemic children and to assess the effect serum ferritin, haemoglobin levels on physical growth pattern in thalassemic children. Methods: A prospective observational study was done on 52 thalassaemic patients (aged 2 years-12 years) who attended Department of Pediatrics. Anthropometric measurements like weight and height were taken from all patients. Sexual maturity rating was done in girls 10 years and boys11 years. Lab parameters included pre-transfusion hemoglobin (Hb) and serum ferritin. Percentiles for weight, height and body mass index were calculated using WHO (2007) reference data. Results: Among 52 transfusion dependent thalassemic children majority i.e. 35(67.3%) were more than 6years.Mean age was 8 3.05. Majority of children i.e. 32(61.6%) were male. Mean age of diagnosis was 9.2 months, youngest case being diagnosed at 3rd month, and oldest being at 20 months. Among 52 children most of them are born to non-consanguineous couple. Majority of the children had pre-transfusion haemoglobin in the range of 5-7 gm%. Among 52 children 61.6 % (n=32) had mean serum ferritin more than 2500, and 38.4% (n=20) had mean serum ferritin value less than 2500. The present results showed that, Among 52 children according to IAP standards weight for age less than 50th percentile was 86.5% (n=45) and more than 50th percentile was 13.5%(n=7). Among 45(86.5%) children who had less than 50th percentile weight for age, 19.2 % (n=10) children were less than 6 years of age, remaining 67.3% (n=35) children belongs to 7 to 12 years of age. Among weight for age

Background: Over the past two decades, there has been global increase in the frequency of dengue fever, dengue hemorrhagic fever and its epidemics, with a concomitant increase in disease incidence. Aim & Objective: The study mainly focuses on the incidence and clinical profile of Dengue fever in Childrens. Methodology: A total number of 500 patients were studied. The study period was from March 2016 to Feb 2018. Sera collected from these patients were tested for the presence of Ig M antibodies and NS1 Ag against Dengue virus. Results: Of the total 500 patients 250 were positive for Ig M antibody, 150 were positive for NS1 Ag against Dengue virus. The prevalence of dengue fever was more common among 3-6 years age group of children. A significant association was found between dengue serology (IgM Antibody & NS1 Ag detection) and complications that are DHF &DSS. A significant association was found between low platelet count and complications that are DHF &DSS. Of the clinical manifestations there was high incidence of pain abdomen, vomiting, arthralgia, body pains, poor intake, facial puffiness and abdominal distention Conclusion: The detection of IgM Antibody & NS1 Ag were valuble in diagnosis of DHF &DSS. Early detection of cases helps in the appropriate control measures and early management of cases. Community participation with emphasis on control measures is very much essential for dengue control. Constant surveillance for dengue viral infection is required to take necessary action by health authorities.

Aim and Objective: To study the changing profile of enteric fever with reference to clinical features and complications and also study the response of enteric fever to various drugs. Methodology: The present study was carried out of 75 cases of enteric fever and admitted to the paediatric department of Dr VRK Womens hospital and Princess Durru Shehvar Hospital from March 2018 to September 2018, Cases diagnosed as enteric fever. In all cases, a detailed Clinical history, complete physical examination, family history, history of Contact with patient of enteric fever, the type of water supply, post immunisation Status of enteric fever were asked. Only those cases with a rising litre by slide agglutination or Positive tube agglutination more than 1:80 or Positive blood culture reports were included in this study to know the clinical profile. Children between the ages of 0-12 years were selected for the study. Results: 75 cases of enteric fever in children up to 12 years of age formed the study group. 67% were boys and 33% were girls. The youngest patient in our study was 9 months old. Fever was seen in all cases. The fever was high grade, continuous in 60% and intermittent in 40% cases. General malaise and weakness were seen in all cases. Tongue coating was noticed in all cases. Splenomegaly was seen in 82.4% cases and hepatomegaly was seen in 58.4% cases. The widal agglutination by slide method showed rising titers in 49 cases. The tube agglutination was positive in 26 cases. Cases which showed positive results with both slide agglutination test and tube agglutination were 10. Blood culture was positive in 5 cases. The initial treatment started was amoxycillin in 27 cases. Amoxycillin was changed to cipro floxacillin in 11 cases and it was changed to ceftriaxone in 6 cases and amoxycillin was changed to chloramphenicol in 2 cases. Conclusion: Finally concluded that, this study on enteric fever shows the changing trends in the clinical features and management. Ceftriaxone and Cipro floxacillin were found to be very effective.