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This study's basic premise is to examine the retail investor perspective regarding the decision usefulness of the corporate website. Corporate social media play a vital role in determining stakeholder behavioral intentions. This study's concern is to evaluate how a corporate website, as a corporate social media tool affects retail investor behavioral intentions. The technology acceptance model and signaling theory conjunction provide the foundation for developing the proposed theoretical framework. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) has been carried out to examine the strength of the measurement model statistically. The study's findings suggest that the corporate website as a social media toll positively influences the retail investor behavioral intention. The perceived ease of use positively impacts the actual usage intention of the corporate website by investors to effectively make their investment decisions. Similarly, the perceived usefulness of corporate websites significantly impacts the investor's behavioral intentions to engage in corporate social media. The proposed model is novel to insight the retail investor investment decision in the context of Pakistan. The study has implications for retail investors, listed companies on the stock exchange and regulators to understand how corporate websites remain robust for informed asset allocation decisions. Keywords: Corporate Social Media, Corporate Website, Retail Investor, Pakistan Stock Exchange.

The continued development to best fit the model in prediction of bankruptcy has been of substantial interest over the decades. In accounting models of bankruptcy predictions usually single model appears to be a generalized one for each industry, even when industries are structurally different in terms of their financial, operational, and investing needs. This study investigates the causes of financial failure of textile companies (Around 100 companies) delisted from PSX during 2002-2017. A firm is financially distressed due to improper working capital management which led the firm to go bankrupt in the long run. We used 2 sets of data; estimation sample 2002-2012 & cross validation sample 2014-2017 and examined 20 ratios from Liquidity, profitability, Leverage and efficiency, for a five-year period preceding liquidation .Multiple Discriminant Analysis (MDA) approach followed by Logit regression were used. Four ratios; working capital to total assets, acid test, sales to total assets, and sales growth as proxy of working capital, were identified as significant predictors. The resultant model has early forewarning signals for potential bankruptcy that can occur which could not be generalized one for each industry.

A double blind, randomized, controlled study with three parallel treatment groups was done to evaluate the efficacy of a Terminalia chebula 10% mouth rinse compared with chlorhexidine 0.12% mouth rinse, applied two times daily for 2 weeks, in the treatment of dental plaque and gingivitis. Seventy-eight patients were included in the study. The efficacy variables were periodontal indices on days 0, 7 and 14 after commencement of therapy. Twenty six patients received chlorhexidine mouth rinse, twenty six Terminalia chebula mouth rinse and twenty six received saline solution. The clinical parameters were significantly reduced by both chlorhexidine and Terminalia chebula mouth rinse although no significant difference was seen between the two groups (P > 0.05). This study demonstrated that Terminalia chebula mouth rinse is effective in reducing microbial plaque, gingival inflammation and neutralizing salivary pH. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

A retrospective analysis of 503 patients admitted to diarrhoea ward between June to August 2003 was done regarding their weight and feeding practices. Out of them 36 children were excluded as they did not full fill the required criteria. So a total of 467 patients were studied. The patients were divided into three groups depending upon whether they were breast fed, mixed i.e. both breast and top fed, or top fed respectively. All patients between the ages of birth and 24 months were included. The number of patients in breast fed, mixed fed and top fed were 134,135 and 198 respectively. Male to female ratio was 1.4:1,1.5:1,1.4:1,with mean age in breast fed group for females 6.9± 4.7 months and males 10.3±7.63,in mixed fed group 8.3± 5.97 months and 8.4 ± 6.4 months and in top fed group 8.25±7.35 months and 7.65 ±5.72 months respectively. Mean weight in each group was 6.1±1.9, 5.7 ± 2.1 and 4.9±2.0 kg. When weight of breast fed children was compared with those of mixed fed the difference was not statistically significant with p value of 0.236 while the comparison with top fed was highly significant with p value of 0.000. Similarly babies on mixed feeding had significantly better weight than that of top fed with p value of 0.004. Although it has been stressed upon and a lot of effort has been put in to encourage breast feeding but still top feeding and mixed feeding are on the top resulting in malnourished and wasted children. From our study it is obvious that top fed children are grossly malnourished, and exclusive breast feeding is low. We need to take more steps to encourage breast feeding.

Objectives: To assess the status of basic facilities and equipment required for neonatal resuscitation and the level of training in neonatal resuscitation of personnel attending neonates at the time of delivery at different health care centers in Lahore. Study design: A cross sectional descriptive epidemiological study. Place and duration: The study was conducted at different health care centers providing obstetrical care in different areas of urban Lahore from February to May 1998. Subjects & Methods: A survey of about 51 different health care facilities like Private hospitals private clinics and MCH centers in different areas of Lahore was done. Based on a preset questionnaire the in charge of the relevant place was interviewed regarding availability of requisite equipment and level of training of their staff in neonatal resuscitation. Results: A total of 51 centers in Lahore were surveyed. Out of them 36 were private clinics, 11 private hospitals and 4 MCH Centers. These centers were run by doctors (65%), LHVs (23%) and nurses (6%), mid wife, dai, dispenser (2%) each. Most of these centers did not have all the required resuscitation equipment, for instance the space for resuscitation was available with 50%, warmers were present 24%, blankets 60%, bulb sucker 49%, electric suction machine 31%, oxygen 51 `%, bag &mask 20% and intubation equipment 16% were available. The referral transportation was not available in 75%. Regarding training level of the personnel present at the time of delivery 80% did not have any newborn resuscitation training and only Out of the rest only 8 personnel knew how to intubate the newborn. Conclusion: Most of the centers lack requisite equipment needed for neonatal resuscitation and there is a need for the staff to under go training in neonatal resuscitation.

The present study was done to assess the prevalence of tobacco abuse among school going students of the age group 15 to 18 year old in the rural areas of Almora district, Uttrakhand state, India.Schools were grouped into 4 zones north, south and east, west based on their location in district, respectively. Second stage one private and one government school was randomly selected from each zone of rural Almora. All students belonging to age 15 to 18 year were selected from the selected schools. Data was collected by a pretested, closed ended questionnaire.Overall, the prevalence of tobacco consumption among the adolescents was 45.42%. 63% male and 47.1% female adolescents were habituated to it. All female and majority of the male adolescents predominantly consumed a smokeless form of tobacco.The prevalence of tobacco consumption indicates a downward shift in the age for the uptake of tobacco habit by adolescents and a rising prevalence among girls. Our findings suggest that tobacco use prevention and control measures are warranted and should be started very early preferably at primary education level.

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders have serious impact on the profession of dentistry. There is common occurrence of pain due to incorrect posture in dental professionals. Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies may cast a new light on preventing and intercepting musculoskeletal disorders (MSD). An epidemiological study was conducted in an effort to contribute to the prevention of musculoskeletal disorders in dentistry. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of MSD at dentists using CAM as a treatment and preventive modality for MSD and to compare job/career satisfaction between dentists who use CAM and conventional therapy (CT). Material and Methods: Dentists registered in Uttrakhand state, India, under the Dental Council of India and registered members of the Indian Dental Association, Uttrakhand branch (N = 1496) were surveyed. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 17. Results: A response rate of 84% (N = 1257) was obtained, revealing that 90% (N = 1131) had the problem of MSD. Seventy three percentage (N = 826) of dentists with MSD reported the use of CAM and CT. Complementary and alternative medicine users reported greater overall health (72.7% vs. 51%, p < 0.001), job satisfaction (61.2% vs. 35%, p < 0.001) and work efficiency compared to CT users. Conclusions: Complementary and alternative medicine therapies may improve quality of life, reduce work interruption and enhance job satisfaction for dentists who suffers from MSD. Through the course of their studies, dentists should be equipped with knowledge on ergonomics and CAM therapies, such as yoga and others, to help them prevent musculoskeletal disorders more effectively. Med Pr 2014;65(3):317–323

Introduction: Every person has certain features that make them radically distinct from others. One such feature is lip prints. Lip prints remain the same throughout life and are uninfluenced by injuries, diseases, or environmental changes. Different individuals have specific blood groups according to the various antigen–antibody reactions in their bloodstream. Aim: To determine the distribution of different patterns of lip prints among subjects having different ABO and Rh blood groups. Objective: To determine the correlation between respective characteristics of subjects. Methodology: In this study, lip prints were obtained from 122 subjects (62 males and 60 females), and associated blood-group matching was performed to determine the predominant lip print type and to determine any correlation between lip print types and blood groups. Tsuchihashi’s classification of type I (complete vertical grooves), type I′ (incomplete vertical grooves), type II (forking grooves), type III (intersecting grooves), type IV (reticular grooves), and type V (indeterminate grooves) was used to compare with the ABO and Rh blood grouping systems. Result: No correlation was found between lip prints and blood groups. Conclusion: No significant correlation exists between blood group and lip prints. Lip prints play a vital role in identification because they are unique. Keywords: Forensic odontology, Cheiloscopy, Blood groups

Background: High prevalence rates of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSD) among dentists have been reported. Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies can be helpful in managing and preventing work-related musculoskeletal disorders. The purpose of this study was to determine if dental professionals are using CAM for work-related musculoskeletal disorders. Who have greater job satisfaction: dentist who uses Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) or conventional therapy (CT) as a treatment modality for WRMSD Method : Dentists who registered in Uttar Pradesh state, India under Indian Dental Council, Uttar Pradesh branch (n=1134) were surveyed. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analyses and logistic regression. Result : A response rate of 53% (n=601) was obtained, revealing that 82% (n=487) of the respondents suffered from work-related musculoskeletal disorders. The use of complementary and alternative medicine or conventional therapy was reported among 80% (n=390) of the dentists with work-related musculoskeletal disorders. Complementary and alternative medicine users reported greater overall health compared to conventional therapy users (P

With the increasing incidence of periodontal diseases and development of antibiotic resistance, the global need for alternative treatment modalities, safe, effective, and economical products is the need of time. Aloe vera is a medicinal plant which has the greater medicinal value and enormous properties for curing and preventing oral diseases disease.The aim of the study was to access the effect of Aloe vera mouthwash on the dental plaque and gingivitis and comparing it with the bench mark control chlorhexidine and placebo.345 healthy subjects were randomly allocated in 3 groups to the test group (n=115) - mouthwash containing Aloe vera, Control group (n=115) -chlorhexidene group, Distilled water - Placebo (n=115) . Plaque Index (PI) and Gingival Index (GI) were assessed at days 0, 15 and 30. Subjects were asked to rinse their mouth with the stated mouthwash, twice a day, during a 30-day period.Our result showed that Aloe vera mouthrinse is equally effective in reducing periodontal indices as Chlorhexidine. The results demonstrated a significant reduction of gingival bleeding and plaque indices in both groups over a period of 15 and 30 days as compared to placebo group. There was a significant reduction on plaque and gingivitis in Aloe vera and chlorhexidine groups and no statistically significant difference was observed among them (p0.05). Aloe vera mouthwash showed no side effects as seen with chlorhexidine.The results of the present study indicate that Aloe vera may prove to be an effective mouthwash owing to its ability in reducing periodontal indices.

A double blind, randomized, controlled study with three parallel treatment groups was done to evaluate the efficacy of a Terminalia chebula 10% mouth rinse compared with chlorhexidine 0.12% mouth rinse, applied two times daily for 2 weeks, in the treatment of dental plaque and gingivitis. Seventy-eight patients were included in the study. The efficacy variables were periodontal indices on days 0, 7 and 14 after commencement of therapy. Twenty six patients received chlorhexidine mouth rinse, twenty six Terminalia chebula mouth rinse and twenty six received saline solution. The clinical parameters were significantly reduced by both chlorhexidine and Terminalia chebula mouth rinse although no significant difference was seen between the two groups (P 0.05). This study demonstrated that Terminalia chebula mouth rinse is effective in reducing microbial plaque, gingival inflammation and neutralizing salivary pH.

In this research various of 2,5-disubstituted 1,3,4-oxadiazole (Schiff base, oxo-thiazolidine , and other compounds) were synthesized from 2,5-di(4,4?- amino-1,3,4-oxadiazole ) which use quently synthesized from mixture of 4-amino benzoic acid and hydrazine in the presence of polyphosphorus acid. The synthesized compounds were characterized by using some Spectral data (UV, FT-IR, and 1H-NMR).

The incidence of scurvy in the paediatric population is very low. This report describes a case of scurvy in toddler girl who was admitted with severe pain in legs and difficulty in walking along with bleeding from gums. After extensive investigation, she was found to have vitamin C deficiency resulting from restrictive eating pattern. There was significant improvement in presenting symptoms and general health after introduction of vitamin C and fresh fruits and vegetables to her diet. Nutrition-based diseases can still occur in any socioeconomic setting. Nutritional screening remains an important part in every child's general health care.

To determine the histological picture and outcome of treatment in cases of childhood nephrotic syndrome who needed renal biopsy.An analytical study.Department of Paediatrics, King Edward Medical College, and Mayo Hospital, Lahore from 1st June 1996 to 31st December, 2001 over a period of 5-1/2 years.Children suffering from nephortic syndrome who had atypical features at presentation were initially or late non-responders; frequent relapsers on1mg kg/day and were steroid dependent or frequently relapsed on1 mg kg/day but developed steroid toxicity were included. Renal biopsy was performed in these patients. Treatment was administered according to the histopathology reports. Prednisolone 60 mg /m2/day followed after response by 40 mg /m2 on alternate days (AD) which was later tapered off. In minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) with frequent relapses cyclophosphamide, cyclosporine and levimisole were used. For steroid resistant focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) intravenous pulses of methyl-prednisolone and cyclosporine were also given. These patients were followed to see the response of the therapy.The commonest diagnosis was focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) (42%) followed by minimal change disease (MCNS) (22%), membranoproliferative or mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis (MPGN) (14%) and Mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis (Mes PGN) (12%). There were 6% cases of membranous nephropathy and 4% of diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis. On presentation, 40% had hematuria, 20% were found to be hypertensive, 12% patients had renal insufficiency and in 4% C3 level was low. Majority of the patients with MPGN and FSGS had atypical features whereas none of the patients with membranous nephropathy had any of these features. Thirty percent cases each of FSGS and MCNS were responders. Among non-responders there were 4 cases of FSGS and one of MPGN.FSGS was the commonest histology in cases of childhood nephrotic syndrome that needed renal biopsy. Highest frequency of atypical features was seen in MPGN and FSGS.

Background: Periodontal diseases are ubiquitous, affecting all dentate animals. Regular methods for controlling it have been found to be ineffective, which have paved the way for the use of herbal products as an adjunctive to mechanical therapy as they are free to untoward effects and hence can be used for a long period of time. Ocimum sanctum is a plant which has the greater medicinal value and enormous properties for curing and preventing disease. Objective: In the present study we assessed the effectiveness of Ocimum sanctum on dental plaque, gingival inflammation and comparison with gold standard chlorhexidine and normal saline (placebo). Materials and Methods: A triple blind randomized control trial was conducted among volunteered medical students. They were randomly allocated into three study groups: (1) Ocimum sanctum mouthwash ( n = 36); (2) Chlorhexidine (active control) ( n = 36); (3) normal saline (negative control) ( n = 36). Assessment was carried out according to plaque score and gingival score. Statistical analysis was carried out later to compare the effect of both mouthwash. ANOVA (Analysis of variance) and post-hoc LSD tests were performed using software package used for statistical analysis (SPSS) version 17. P ≤0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Our result showed that Ocimum sanctum mouthrinse is equally effective in reducing plaque and gingivitis as Chlorhexidine. The results demonstrated a significant reduction in gingival bleeding and plaque indices in both groups over a period of 15 and 30 days as compared to control group. Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate that Ocimum sanctum mouthrinse may prove to be an effective mouthwash owing to its ability in decreasing periodontal indices by reducing plaque accumulation, gingival inflammation and bleeding. It has no side effect as compared to chlorhexidine.