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120 results on '"Bushell, T."'

1. Human stem cell models of tauopathy: O06

Author

Sposito, T., Preza, E., Mahoney, C., Ryan, N., Setó-Salvia, N., Arber, C., Bushell, T., Zagnoni, M., Kunath, T., Fox, N., Rossor, M., Hardy, J., and Wray, S.

Published
2016

3. Preliminary Geometry, Displacement, and Kinematics of Fault Ruptures in the Epicentral Region of the 2016 Mw 7.8 Kaikōura, New Zealand, Earthquake

Author

Andrew Nicol, Ian Hamling, K. Pedley, Clark Fenton, D. Noble, Bushell T, Timothy Stahl, N. Hyland‐Brook, N. Khajavi, Jarg R. Pettinga, Samuel T. McColl, John Ristau, and Stephen Bannister

Subjects
geography, Geophysics, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Geochemistry and Petrology, Displacement (orthopedic surgery), Kinematics, Fault (geology), 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Seismology, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Published
2018

4. A modular microfluidic platform to enable complex and customisable in vitro models for neuroscience.

Author

Megarity, D., Vroman, R., Kriek, M., Downey, P., Bushell, T. J., and Zagnoni, M.

Subjects
CENTRAL nervous system, FUNCTIONAL analysis, PROOF of concept, WORLD health, IN vitro studies
Abstract

Disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) represent a global health challenge and an increased understanding of the CNS in both physiological and pathophysiological states is essential to tackle the problem. Modelling CNS conditions is difficult, as traditional in vitro models fail to recapitulate precise microenvironments and animal models of complex disease often have limited translational validity. Microfluidic and organ-on-chip technologies offer an opportunity to develop more physiologically relevant and complex in vitro models of the CNS. They can be developed to allow precise cellular patterning and enhanced experimental capabilities to study neuronal function and dysfunction. To improve ease-of-use of the technology and create new opportunities for novel in vitro studies, we introduce a modular platform consisting of multiple, individual microfluidic units that can be combined in several configurations to create bespoke culture environments. Here, we report proof-of-concept experiments creating complex in vitro models and performing functional analysis of neuronal activity across modular interfaces. This platform technology presents an opportunity to increase our understanding of CNS disease mechanisms and ultimately aid the development of novel therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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7. Some properties of reaction-bonded silicon nitride

Author

Bushell, T. G.

Subjects
530.41, Solid-state physics
Abstract

Electron Spin Resonance, Pulse Echo Ultrasonics and electrical conductivity measurements have been used to study the effect of the unreacted silicon which is present in Reaction Bonded Silicon Nitride (RBSN) as a result of the manufacturing process. One of the techniques (ESR) has been found to be very sensitive to the unreacted silicon, and the PEG Ultrasonic measurements have suggested that weight gain should not be the sole criterion by which to judge RBSN for mechanical applications. ESR studies of unreacted silicon powder gave a signal, similar to that reported for amorphous silicon with g = 2.0055; the line is attributed to dangling bonds. ESR spectra have been found for both RBSN and Hot Pressed Silicon Nitride (HPSN) with g values closer to the free electron value. Measurements on partially reacted materials showed a complex signal whose shape changed considerably over the temperature range 4 to 300 K. The behaviour of this line, presumed to be the sum of the silicon and RBSN signals is probably attributably to differences in the relaxation rates of the two species. Determination of the elastic constants of the RLSN materials has shown that partially nitrided ceramics have lower strength than fully nitrided materials with similar densities, except in the region were the reaction is nearly complete (weight gain of 59% or more) when the effect of unreacted silicon is negligible, and the major factor governing strength is density. A.C.electrical measurements on high weight gain materials have shown dielectric constant (ɛ’) behaviour analagous to the mechanical strength in that the higher ɛ' has been found for the denser (less porous), but lower weight gain material. In contrast to this, however, the high weight gain material was found to have a lower tanδ this is consistent with the lower levels of silicon in the fully reacted ceramic. D.C. 'step response' measurements at room temperature gave results which fitted Jonscher's two stage relaxation theory. I(_D) (t) α (w(_p)t)(^n) + (w(_p)t)(^k) with n in the region 0.7 to 0.8 and k in the region 1.45 to 1.6. D.C. and A.C. results over the temperature range 100ºC to 900ºC suggested that the predominant conductivity up to 750ºC was hopping either in defect bands or localized states in the band tails.

Published
1983

8. New or Progressive Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome in Pediatric Severe Sepsis: A Sepsis Phenotype With Higher Morbidity and Mortality

Author

Lin, John C, Spinella, Philip C., Fitzgerald, Julie C., Tucci, Marisa, Bush, Jenny L., Nadkarni, Vinay M., Thomas, Neal J., Weiss, Scott L., Fontela, P., Tucci, M., Dumistrascu, M., Skippen, P., Krahn, G., Bezares, E., Puig, G., Puig Ramos, A., Garcia, R., Villar, M., Bigham, M., Polanski, T., Latifi, S., Giebner, D., Anthony, H., Hume, J., Galster, A., Linnerud, L., Sanders, R., Hefley, G., Madden, K., Thompson, A., Shein, S., Gertz, S., Han, Y., Williams, T., Hughes Schalk, A., Chandler, H., Orioles, A., Zielinski, E., Doucette, A., Zebuhr, C., Wilson, T., Dimitriades, C., Ascani, J., Layburn, S., Valley, S., Markowitz, B., Terry, J., Morzov, R., Mcinnes, A., Mcarthur, J., Woods, K., Murkowski, K., Spaeder, M., Sharron, M., Wheeler, D., Beckman, E., Frank, E., Howard, K., Carroll, C., Nett, S., Jarvis, D., Patel, V., Higgerson, R., Christie, L., Typpo, K., Deschenes, J., Kirby, A., Uhl, T., Rehder, K., Cheifetz, I., Wrenn, S., Kypuros, K., Ackerman, K., Maffei, F., Bloomquist, G., Rizkalla, N., Kimura, D., Shah, S., Tigges, C., Su, F., Barlow, C., Michelson, K., Wolfe, K., Goodman, D., Campbell, L., Sorce, L., Bysani, K., Monjure, T., Evans, M., Totapally, B., Chegondi, M., Rodriguez, C., Frazier, J., Steele, L., Viteri, S., Costarino, A., Thomas, N., Spear, D., Hirshberg, E., Lilley, J., Rowan, C., Rider, C., Kane, J., Zimmerman, J., Greeley, C., Lin, J., Jacobs, R., Parker, M., Culver, K., Loftis, L., Jaimon, N., Goldsworthy, M., Diliberto, M., Alen, C., Gessouroun, M., Sapru, A., Lang, T., Alkhouli, M., Kamath, S., Friel, D., Daufeldt, J., Hsing, D., Carlo, C., Pon, S., Scimeme, J., Shaheen, A., Hassinger, A., Qiao, H., Giuliano, J., Tala, J., Vinciguerra, D., Fernandez, A., Carrero, R., Hoyos, P., Jaramillo, J., Posada, A., Izquiierdo, L., Pineres Olave, B. E., Donado, J., Dalmazzo, R., Rendich, S., Palma, L., Lapadula, M., Acuna, C., Cruces, P., De Clety, S. Clement, Dujardin, M., Berghe, C., Renard, S., Zurek, J., Steinherr, H., Mougkou, K., Critselis, E., Di Nardo, M., Picardo, S., Tortora, F., Rossetti, E., Fragasso, T., Cogo, Paola, Netto, R., Dagys, A., Gurskis, V., Kevalas, R., Neeleman, C., Lemson, J., Luijten, C., Wojciech, K., Pagowska Klimek, I., Szczepanska, M., Karpe, J., Nunes, P., Almeida, H., Rios, J., Vieira, M., Garcia Iniguez, J. P., Revilla, P., Urbano, J., Lopez Herce, J., Bustinza, A., Cuesta, A., Hofheinz, S., Rodriguez Nunez, A., Sanagustin, S., Gonzalez, E., Riaza, M., Piaya, R., Soler, P., Esteban, E., Laraudogoitia, J., Monge, C., Herrera, V., Granados, J., Gonzalez, C., Koroglu, T., Ozcelik, E., Baines, P., Plunkett, A., Davis, P., George, S., Tibby, S., Harris, J., Agbeko, R., Lampitt, R., Brierley, J., Peters, M., Jones, A., Dominguez, T., Thiruchelvam, T., Deep, A., Ridley, L., Bowen, W., Levin, R., Macleod, I., Gray, M., Hemat, N., Alexander, J., Ali, S., Pappachan, J., Mccorkell, J., Fortune, P., Macdonald, M., Hudnott, P., Suyun, Q., Singhi, S., Nallasamy, K., Lodha, R., Shime, N., Tabata, Y., Saito, O., Ikeyama, T., Kawasaki, T., Lum, L., Abidin, A., Kee, S., Tang, S., Jalil, R., Guan, Y., Yao, L., Lin, K., Ong, J., Salloo, A., Doedens, L., Mathivha, L., Reubenson, G., Moaisi, S., Pentz, A., Green, R., Schibler, A., Erickson, S., Mceneiry, J., Long, D., Dorofaeff, T., Coulthard, M., Millar, J., Delzoppo, C., Williams, G., Morritt, M., Watts, N., Beca, J., Sherring, C., and Bushell, T.

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Cross-sectional study, Multiple Organ Failure, Vascular damage Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 16], Prevalence, children, epidemiology, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, severe sepsis, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Global Health, Intensive Care Units, Pediatric, Pediatrics, Article, Sepsis, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Epidemiology, medicine, Humans, Hospital Mortality, Prospective Studies, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, Intensive care medicine, Prospective cohort study, Septic shock, business.industry, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Perinatology and Child Health, Prognosis, medicine.disease, Clinical trial, Cross-Sectional Studies, Phenotype, Child, Preschool, Disease Progression, Female, Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, business
Abstract

Copyright © 2016 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies.Objectives: To describe the epidemiology, morbidity, and mortality of new or progressive multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in children with severe sepsis. Design: Secondary analysis of a prospective, cross-sectional, point prevalence study. Setting: International, multicenter PICUs. Patients: Pediatric patients with severe sepsis identified on five separate days over a 1-year period. Interventions: None. Measurements and Main Results: Of 567 patients from 128 PICUs in 26 countries enrolled, 384 (68%) developed multiple organ dysfunction syndrome within 7 days of severe sepsis recognition. Three hundred twenty-seven had multiple organ dysfunction syndrome on the day of sepsis recognition. Ninety-one of these patients developed progressive multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, whereas an additional 57 patients subsequently developed new multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, yielding a total proportion with severe sepsis-associated new or progressive multiple organ dysfunction syndrome of 26%. Hospital mortality in patients with progressive multiple organ dysfunction syndrome was 51% compared with patients with new multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (28%) and those with single-organ dysfunction without multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (10%) (p < 0.001). Survivors of new or progressive multiple organ dysfunction syndrome also had a higher frequency of moderate to severe disability defined as a Pediatric Overall Performance Category score of greater than or equal to 3 and an increase of greater than or equal to 1 from baseline: 22% versus 29% versus 11% for progressive, new, and no multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, respectively (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Development of new or progressive multiple organ dysfunction syndrome is common (26%) in severe sepsis and is associated with a higher risk of morbidity and mortality than severe sepsis without new or progressive multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Our data support the use of new or progressive multiple organ dysfunction syndrome as an important outcome in trials of pediatric severe sepsis although efforts are needed to validate whether reducing new or progressive multiple organ dysfunction syndrome leads to improvements in more definitive morbidity and mortality endpoints.

Published
2017

10. Risk Factors for Mortality in Pediatric Postsurgical versus Medical Severe Sepsis

Author

Thakkar, R.K., Weiss, S.L., Fitzgerald, J.C., Keele, L., Thomas, N.J., Nadkarni, V.M., Neeleman, C., Lemson, J., Sherring, C., Bushell, T., Thakkar, R.K., Weiss, S.L., Fitzgerald, J.C., Keele, L., Thomas, N.J., Nadkarni, V.M., Neeleman, C., Lemson, J., Sherring, C., and Bushell, T.

Abstract

Item does not contain fulltext, BACKGROUND: Sepsis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality after surgery. Most studies regarding sepsis do not differentiate between patients who have had recent surgery and those without. Few data exist regarding the risk factors for poor outcomes in pediatric postsurgical sepsis. Our hypothesis is pediatric postsurgical, and medical patients with severe sepsis have unique risk factors for mortality. METHODS: Data were extracted from a secondary analysis of an international point prevalence study of pediatric severe sepsis. Sites included 128 pediatric intensive care units from 26 countries. Pediatric patients with severe sepsis were categorized into those who had recent surgery (postsurgical sepsis) versus those that did not (medical sepsis) before sepsis onset. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to determine risk factors for mortality. RESULTS: A total of 556 patients were included: 138 with postsurgical and 418 with medical sepsis. In postsurgical sepsis, older age, admission from the hospital ward, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome at sepsis recognition, and cardiovascular and respiratory comorbidities were independent risk factors for death. In medical sepsis, resource-limited region, hospital-acquired infection, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome at sepsis recognition, higher Pediatric Index of Mortality-3 score, and malignancy were independent risk factors for death. CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric patients with postsurgical sepsis had different risk factors for mortality compared with medical sepsis. This included a higher mortality risk in postsurgical patients presenting to the intensive care unit from the hospital ward. These data suggest an opportunity to develop and test early warning systems specific to pediatric sepsis in the postsurgical population.

Published
2019

11. Port of Rotterdam Intertidal wetland

Author

Bushell, T., Huang, H., Bushell, T., and Huang, H.

Abstract

The Port of Rotterdam has many old harbours located close to the Rotterdam city center that are no longer suitable to be used for industrial purposes. Meanwhile due to expansion and population growth of the city, more recreational spaces are needed. The idea is to use the abundant dredged material from the Port of Rotterdam to fill in and construct intertidal wetland parks in some of these old harbours. They will serve as natural habitats for different types of flora and fauna such as migratory birds. These intertidal parks are also ideal recreational spaces for residents. This multidisciplinary project aims to provide a conceptual design of a tidal wetland in the Maashaven harbour. In this report, a general design is presented, and special attention is paid to technical issues that may occur in the construction process.

Published
2019

12. Risk Factors for Mortality in Pediatric Postsurgical versus Medical Severe Sepsis

Author

Thakkar, Rajan K., primary, Weiss, Scott L., additional, Fitzgerald, Julie C., additional, Keele, Luke, additional, Thomas, Neal J., additional, Nadkarni, Vinay M., additional, Muszynski, Jennifer A., additional, Hall, Mark W., additional, Fontela, P., additional, Tucci, M., additional, Dumistrascu, M., additional, Skippen, P., additional, Krahn, G., additional, Bezares, E., additional, Puig, G., additional, Puig-Ramos, A., additional, Garcia, R., additional, Villar, M., additional, Bigham, M., additional, Polanski, T., additional, Latifi, S., additional, Giebner, D., additional, Anthony, H., additional, Hume, J., additional, Galster, A., additional, Linnerud, L., additional, Sanders, R., additional, Hefley, G., additional, Madden, K., additional, Thompson, A., additional, Shein, S., additional, Gertz, S., additional, Han, Y., additional, Williams, T., additional, Hughes-Schalk, A., additional, Chandler, H., additional, Orioles, A., additional, Zielinski, E., additional, Doucette, A., additional, Zebuhr, C., additional, Wilson, T., additional, Dimitriades, C., additional, Ascani, J., additional, Layburn, S., additional, Valley, S., additional, Markowitz, B., additional, Terry, J., additional, Morzov, R., additional, Mcinnes, A., additional, McArthur, J., additional, Woods, K., additional, Murkowski, K., additional, Spaeder, M., additional, Sharron, M., additional, Wheeler, D., additional, Beckman, E., additional, Frank, E., additional, Howard, K., additional, Carroll, C., additional, Nett, S., additional, Jarvis, D., additional, Patel, V., additional, Higgerson, R., additional, Christie, L., additional, Typpo, K., additional, Deschenes, J., additional, Kirby, A., additional, Uhl, T., additional, Rehder, K., additional, Cheifetz, I., additional, Wrenn, S., additional, Kypuros, K., additional, Ackerman, K., additional, Maffei, F., additional, Bloomquist, G., additional, Rizkalla, N., additional, Kimura, D., additional, Shah, S., additional, Tigges, C., additional, Su, F., additional, Barlow, C., additional, Michelson, K., additional, Wolfe, K., additional, Goodman, D., additional, Campbell, L., additional, Sorce, L., additional, Bysani, K., additional, Monjure, T., additional, Evans, M., additional, Totapally, B., additional, Chegondi, M., additional, Rodriguez, C., additional, Frazier, J., additional, Steele, L., additional, Viteri, S., additional, Costarino, A., additional, Thomas, N., additional, Spear, D., additional, Hirshberg, E., additional, Lilley, J., additional, Rowan, C., additional, Rider, C., additional, Kane, J., additional, Zimmerman, J., additional, Greeley, C., additional, Lin, J., additional, Jacobs, R., additional, Parker, M., additional, Culver, K., additional, Loftis, L., additional, Jaimon, N., additional, Goldsworthy, M., additional, Fitzgerald, J., additional, Weiss, S., additional, Nadkarni, V., additional, Bush, J., additional, Diliberto, M., additional, Allen, C., additional, Gessouroun, M., additional, Sapru, A., additional, Lang, T., additional, Alkhouli, M., additional, Kamath, S., additional, Friel, D., additional, Daufeldt, J., additional, Hsing, D., additional, Carlo, C., additional, Pon, S., additional, Scimeme, J., additional, Shaheen, A., additional, Hassinger, A., additional, Qiao, H., additional, Giuliano, J., additional, Tala, J., additional, Vinciguerra, D., additional, Fernandez, A., additional, Carrero, R., additional, Hoyos, P., additional, Jaramillo, J., additional, Posada, A., additional, Izquiierdo, L., additional, Olave, B.E. Piñeres, additional, Donado, J., additional, Dalmazzo, R., additional, Rendich, S., additional, Palma, L., additional, Lapadula, M., additional, Acuna, C., additional, Cruces, P., additional, De Clety, S. Clement, additional, Dujardin, M., additional, Berghe, C., additional, Renard, S., additional, Zurek, J., additional, Steinherr, H., additional, Mougkou, K., additional, Critselis, E., additional, Di Nardo, M., additional, Picardo, S., additional, Tortora, F., additional, Rossetti, E., additional, Fragasso, T., additional, Cogo, P., additional, Netto, R., additional, Dagys, A., additional, Gurskis, V., additional, Kevalas, R., additional, Neeleman, C., additional, Lemson, J., additional, Luijten, C., additional, Wojciech, K., additional, Pagowska-Klimek, I., additional, Szczepanska, M., additional, Karpe, J., additional, Nunes, P., additional, Almeida, H., additional, Rios, J., additional, Vieira, M., additional, Iniguez, J. P. Garcia, additional, Revilla, P., additional, Urbano, J., additional, Lopez-Herce, J., additional, Bustinza, A., additional, Palacios, A., additional, Hofheinz, S., additional, Rodriguez-Nunez, A., additional, Sanagustin, S., additional, Gonzalez, E., additional, Riaza, M., additional, Piaya, R., additional, Soler, P., additional, Esteban, E., additional, Laraudogoitia, J., additional, Monge, C., additional, Herrera, V., additional, Granados, J., additional, Gonzalez, C., additional, Koroglu, T., additional, Ozcelik, E., additional, Baines, P., additional, Plunkett, A., additional, Davis, P., additional, George, S., additional, Tibby, S., additional, Harris, J., additional, Agbeko, R., additional, Lampitt, R., additional, Brierley, J., additional, Peters, M., additional, Jones, A., additional, Dominguez, T., additional, Thiruchelvam, T., additional, Deep, A., additional, Ridley, L., additional, Bowen, W., additional, Levin, R., additional, Macleod, I., additional, Gray, M., additional, Hemat, N., additional, Alexander, J., additional, Ali, S., additional, Pappachan, J., additional, McCorkell, J., additional, Fortune, P., additional, MacDonald, M., additional, Hudnott, P., additional, Suyun, Q., additional, Singhi, S., additional, Nallasamy, K., additional, Lodha, R., additional, Shime, N., additional, Tabata, Y., additional, Saito, O., additional, Ikeyama, T., additional, Kawasaki, T., additional, Lum, L., additional, Abidin, A., additional, Kee, S., additional, Tang, S., additional, Jalil, R., additional, Guan, Y., additional, Yao, L., additional, Lin, K., additional, Ong, J., additional, Salloo, A., additional, Doedens, L., additional, Mathivha, L., additional, Reubenson, G., additional, Moaisi, S., additional, Pentz, A., additional, Green, R., additional, Schibler, A., additional, Erickson, S., additional, McEneiry, J., additional, Long, D., additional, Dorofaeff, T., additional, Coulthard, M., additional, Millar, J., additional, Delzoppo, C., additional, Williams, G., additional, Morritt, M., additional, Watts, N., additional, Beca, J., additional, Sherring, C., additional, and Bushell, T., additional

Published
2019
Full Text
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13. Preliminary Geometry, Displacement, and Kinematics of Fault Ruptures in the Epicentral Region of the 2016 Mw 7.8 Kaikōura, New Zealand, Earthquake

Author

Nicol, A., primary, Khajavi, N., additional, Pettinga, J. R., additional, Fenton, C., additional, Stahl, T., additional, Bannister, S., additional, Pedley, K., additional, Hyland‐Brook, N., additional, Bushell, T., additional, Hamling, I., additional, Ristau, J., additional, Noble, D., additional, and McColl, S. T., additional

Published
2018
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14. Genital Herpes And Cervical Carcinoma

Author

Fink, Colin, Hilton, A. L., Bushell, T. E. C., Blight, J., Turner, Barbara, Kinghorn, G. R., Timbury, Morag C., and Macnab, Joan C. M.

Published
1978

15. New or Progressive Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome in Pediatric Severe Sepsis: A Sepsis Phenotype With Higher Morbidity and Mortality

Author

Lin, J.C., Spinella, P.C., Fitzgerald, J.C., Tucci, M., Bush, J.L., Nadkarni, V.M., Thomas, N.J., Weiss, S.L., Lemson, J., Sherring, C., Bushell, T., Lin, J.C., Spinella, P.C., Fitzgerald, J.C., Tucci, M., Bush, J.L., Nadkarni, V.M., Thomas, N.J., Weiss, S.L., Lemson, J., Sherring, C., and Bushell, T.

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 177441.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access), OBJECTIVES: To describe the epidemiology, morbidity, and mortality of new or progressive multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in children with severe sepsis. DESIGN: Secondary analysis of a prospective, cross-sectional, point prevalence study. SETTING: International, multicenter PICUs. PATIENTS: Pediatric patients with severe sepsis identified on five separate days over a 1-year period. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Of 567 patients from 128 PICUs in 26 countries enrolled, 384 (68%) developed multiple organ dysfunction syndrome within 7 days of severe sepsis recognition. Three hundred twenty-seven had multiple organ dysfunction syndrome on the day of sepsis recognition. Ninety-one of these patients developed progressive multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, whereas an additional 57 patients subsequently developed new multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, yielding a total proportion with severe sepsis-associated new or progressive multiple organ dysfunction syndrome of 26%. Hospital mortality in patients with progressive multiple organ dysfunction syndrome was 51% compared with patients with new multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (28%) and those with single-organ dysfunction without multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (10%) (p < 0.001). Survivors of new or progressive multiple organ dysfunction syndrome also had a higher frequency of moderate to severe disability defined as a Pediatric Overall Performance Category score of greater than or equal to 3 and an increase of greater than or equal to 1 from baseline: 22% versus 29% versus 11% for progressive, new, and no multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, respectively (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Development of new or progressive multiple organ dysfunction syndrome is common (26%) in severe sepsis and is associated with a higher risk of morbidity and mortality than severe sepsis without new or progressive multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Our data support the use of new or progressive multiple organ dysf

Published
2017

17. Comparison of Pediatric Severe Sepsis Managed in U.S. and European ICUs

Author

Giuliano, John S, Markovitz, Barry P., Brierley, Joe, Levin, Richard, Williams, Gary, Lum, Lucy Chai See, Dorofaeff, Tavey, Cruces, Pablo, Bush, Jenny L., Keele, Luke, Nadkarni, Vinay M., Thomas, Neal J., Fitzgerald, Julie C., Weiss, Scott L., Fontela, P., Tucci, M., Dumistrascu, M., Skippen, P., Krahn, G., Bezares, E., Puig, G., Puig Ramos, A., Garcia, R., Villar, M., Bigham, M., Polanski, T., Latifi, S., Giebner, D., Anthony, H., Hume, J., Galster, A., Linnerud, L., Sanders, R., Hefley, G., Madden, K., Thompson, A., Shein, S., Gertz, S., Han, Y., Williams, T., Hughes Schalk, A., Chandler, H., Orioles, A., Zielinski, E., Doucette, A., Zebuhr, C., Wilson, T., Dimitriades, C., Ascani, J., Layburn, S., Valley, S., Markowitz, B., Terry, J., Morzov, R., Mcinnes, A., Mcarthur, J., Woods, K., Murkowski, K., Spaeder, M., Sharron, M., Wheeler, D., Beckman, E., Frank, E., Howard, K., Carroll, C., Nett, S., Jarvis, D., Patel, V., Higgerson, R., Christie, L., Typpo, K., Deschenes, J., Kirby, A., Uhl, T., Rehder, K., Cheifetz, I., Wrenn, S., Kypuros, K., Ackerman, K., Maffei, F., Bloomquist, G., Rizkalla, N., Kimura, D., Shah, S., Tigges, C., Su, F., Barlow, C., Michelson, K., Wolfe, K., Goodman, D., Campbell, L., Sorce, L., Bysani, K., Monjure, T., Evans, M., Totapally, B., Chegondi, M., Rodriguez, C., Frazier, J., Steele, L., Viteri, S., Costarino, A., Thomas, N., Spear, D., Hirshberg, E., Lilley, J., Rowan, C., Rider, C., Kane, J., Zimmerman, J., Greeley, C., Lin, J., Jacobs, R., Parker, M., Culver, K., Loftis, L., Jaimon, N., Goldsworthy, M., Fitzgerald, J., Weiss, S., Nadkarni, V., Bush, J., Diliberto, M., Alen, C., Gessouroun, M., Sapru, A., Lang, T., Alkhouli, M., Kamath, S., Friel, D., Daufeldt, J., Hsing, D., Carlo, C., Pon, S., Scimeme, J., Shaheen, A., Hassinger, A., Qiao, H., Giuliano, J., Tala, J., Vinciguerra, D., Fernandez, A., Carrero, R., Hoyos, P., Jaramillo, J., Posada, A., Izquiierdo, L., Piñeres Olave, B. E., Donado, J., Dalmazzo, R., Rendich, S., Palma, L., Lapadula, M., Acuna, C., Cruces, P., Clement De Clety, S., Dujardin, M., Berghe, C., Renard, S., Zurek, J., Steinherr, H., Mougkou, K., Critselis, E., Di Nardo, M., Picardo, S., Tortora, F., Rossetti, E., Fragasso, T., Cogo, Paola, Netto, R., Dagys, A., Gurskis, V., Kevalas, R., Neeleman, C., Lemson, J., Luijten, C., Wojciech, K., Pagowska Klimek, I., Szczepanska, M., Karpe, J., Nunes, P., Almeida, H., Rios, J., Vieira, M., Revilla, P., Urbano, J., Lopez Herce, J., Bustinza, A., Cuesta, A., Hofheinz, S., Rodriguez Nunez, A., Sanagustin, S., Gonzalez, E., Riaza, M., Piaya, R., Soler, P., Esteban, E., Laraudogoitia, J., Monge, C., Herrera, V., Granados, J., Gonzalez, C., Koroglu, T., Ozcelik, E., Baines, P., Plunkett, A., Davis, P., George, S., Tibby, S., Harris, J., Agbeko, R., Lampitt, R., Brierley, J., Peters, M., Jones, A., Dominguez, T., Thiruchelvam, T., Deep, A., Ridley, L., Bowen, W., Levin, R., Macleod, I., Gray, M., Hemat, N., Alexander, J., Ali, S., Pappachan, J., Mccorkell, J., Fortune, P., Macdonald, M., Hudnott, P., Suyun, Q., Singhi, S., Nallasamy, K., Lodha, R., Shime, N., Tabata, Y., Saito, O., Ikeyama, T., Kawasaki, T., Lum, L., Abidin, A., Kee, S., Tang, S., Jalil, R., Guan, Y., Yao, L., Lin, K., Ong, J., Salloo, A., Doedens, L., Mathivha, L., Reubenson, G., Moaisi, S., Pentz, A., Green, R., Schibler, A., Erickson, S., Mceneiry, J., Long, D., Dorofaeff, T., Coulthard, M., Millar, J., Delzoppo, C., Williams, G., Morritt, M., Watts, N., Beca, J., Sherring, C., and Bushell, T.

Subjects
Male, Pediatrics, Cross-sectional study, shock, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, Severity of Illness Index, 0302 clinical medicine, Prevalence, Hospital Mortality, Prospective Studies, 030212 general & internal medicine, Practice Patterns, Physicians', Child, Prospective cohort study, Pediatric intensive care unit, Perinatology and Child Health, Europe, Treatment Outcome, Child, Preschool, outcome, children, management, pediatric intensive care unit, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Female, medicine.symptom, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Critical Care, Intensive Care Units, Pediatric, Sepsis, 03 medical and health sciences, Intensive care, Severity of illness, medicine, Humans, Healthcare Disparities, business.industry, Organ dysfunction, Infant, Newborn, Infant, 030208 emergency & critical care medicine, Health Status Disparities, medicine.disease, United States, Clinical trial, Cross-Sectional Studies, Multivariate Analysis, Emergency medicine, business
Abstract

Copyright © 2016 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies.Objectives: Pediatric severe sepsis remains a significant global health problem without new therapies despite many multicenter clinical trials. We compared children managed with severe sepsis in European and U.S. PICUs to identify geographic variation, which may improve the design of future international studies. Design: We conducted a secondary analysis of the Sepsis PRevalence, OUtcomes, and Therapies study. Data about PICU characteristics, patient demographics, therapies, and outcomes were compared. Multivariable regression models were used to determine adjusted differences in morbidity and mortality. Setting: European and U.S. PICUs. Patients: Children with severe sepsis managed in European and U.S. PICUs enrolled in the Sepsis PRevalence, OUtcomes, and Therapies study. Interventions: None. Measurements and Main Results: European PICUs had fewer beds (median, 11 vs 24; p < 0.001). European patients were younger (median, 1 vs 6 yr; p < 0.001), had higher severity of illness (median Pediatric Index of Mortality-3, 5.0 vs 3.8; p = 0.02), and were more often admitted from the ward (37% vs 24%). Invasive mechanical ventilation, central venous access, and vasoactive infusions were used more frequently in European patients (85% vs 68%, p = 0.002; 91% vs 82%, p = 0.05; and 71% vs 50%; p < 0.001, respectively). Raw morbidity and mortality outcomes were worse for European compared with U.S. patients, but after adjusting for patient characteristics, there were no significant differences in mortality, multiple organ dysfunction, disability at discharge, length of stay, or ventilator/vasoactive-free days. Conclusions: Children with severe sepsis admitted to European PICUs have higher severity of illness, are more likely to be admitted from hospital wards, and receive more intensive care therapies than in the United States. The lack of significant differences in morbidity and mortality after adjusting for patient characteristics suggests that the approach to care between regions, perhaps related to PICU bed availability, needs to be considered in the design of future international clinical trials in pediatric severe sepsis.

Published
2016

18. Comparison of Pediatric Severe Sepsis Managed in US and European ICUs

Author

Giuliano, J.S., Markovitz, B.P., Brierley, J., Levin, R., Williams, G., Lum, L.C.S., Dorofaeff, T., Cruces, P., Bush, J.L., Keele, L., Nadkarni, V.M., Thomas, N.J., Fitzgerald, J.C., Weiss, S.L., Fontela, P., Tucci, M., Dumistrascu, M., Skippen, P., Krahn, G., Bezares, E., Puig, G., Puig-Ramos, A., Garcia, R., Villar, M., Bigham, M., Polanski, T., Latifi, S., Giebner, D., Anthony, H., Hume, J., Galster, A., Linnerud, L., Sanders, R., Hefley, G., Madden, K., Thompson, A., Shein, S., Gertz, S., Han, Y., Williams, T., Hughes-Schalk, A., Chandler, H., Orioles, A., Zielinski, E., Doucette, A., Zebuhr, C., Wilson, T., Dimitriades, C., Ascani, J., Layburn, S., Valley, S., Markowitz, B., Terry, J., Morzov, R., McInnes, A., McArthur, J., Woods, K., Murkowski, K., Spaeder, M., Sharron, M., Wheeler, D., Beckman, E., Frank, E., Howard, K., Carroll, C., Nett, S., Jarvis, D., Patel, V., Higgerson, R., Christie, L., Typpo, K., Deschenes, J., Kirby, A., Uhl, T., Rehder, K., Cheifetz, I., Wrenn, S., Kypuros, K., Ackerman, K., Maffei, F., Bloomquist, G., Rizkalla, N., Kimura, D., Shah, S., Tigges, C., Su, F., Barlow, C., Michelson, K., Wolfe, K., Goodman, D., Campbell, L., Sorce, L., Bysani, K., Monjure, T., Evans, M., Totapally, B., Chegondi, M., Rodriguez, C., Frazier, J., Steele, L., Viteri, S., Costarino, A., Spear, D., Hirshberg, E., Lilley, J., Rowan, C., Rider, C., Kane, J., Zimmerman, J., Greeley, C., Lin, J., Jacobs, R., Parker, M., Culver, K., Loftis, L., Jaimon, N., Goldsworthy, M., Fitzgerald, J., Nadkarni, V., Bush, J., Diliberto, M., Alen, C., Gessouroun, M., Sapru, A., Lang, T., Alkhouli, M., Kamath, S., Friel, D., Daufeldt, J., Hsing, D., Carlo, C., Pon, S., Scimeme, J., Shaheen, A., Hassinger, A., Qiao, H., Giuliano, J., Tala, J., Vinciguerra, D., Fernandez, A., Carrero, R., Hoyos, P., Jaramillo, J., Posada, A., Izquiierdo, L., Piñeres Olave, B.E., Donado, J., Dalmazzo, R., Rendich, S., Palma, L., Lapadula, M., Acuna, C., Clement De Clety, S., Dujardin, M., Berghe, C., Renard, S., Zurek, J., Steinherr, H., Mougkou, K., Critselis, E., Di Nardo, M., Picardo, S., Tortora, F., Rossetti, E., Fragasso, T., Cogo, P., Netto, R., Dagys, A., Gurskis, V., Kevalas, R., Neeleman, C., Lemson, J., Luijten, C., Wojciech, K., Pagowska-Klimek, I., Szczepanska, M., Karpe, J., Nunes, P., Almeida, H., Rios, J., Vieira, M., Revilla, P., Urbano, J., Lopez-Herce, J., Bustinza, A., Cuesta, A., Hofheinz, S., Rodriguez-Nunez, A., Sanagustin, S., Gonzalez, E., Riaza, M., Piaya, R., Soler, P., Esteban-Torne E, Laraudogoitia, J., Monge, C., Herrera, V., Granados, J., Gonzalez, C., Koroglu, T., Ozcelik, E., Baines, P., Plunkett, A., Davis, P., George, S., Tibby, S., Harris, J., Agbeko, R., Lampitt, R., Peters, M., Jones, A., Dominguez, T., Thiruchelvam, T., Deep, A., Ridley, L., Bowen, W., Macleod, I., Gray, M., Hemat, N., Alexander, J., Ali, S., Pappachan, J., McCorkell, J., Fortune, P., MacDonald, M., Hudnott, P., Suyun, Q., Singhi, S., Nallasamy, K., Lodha, R., Shime, N., Tabata, Y., Saito, O., Ikeyama, T., Kawasaki, T., Lum, L., Abidin, A., Kee, S., Tang, S., Jalil, R., Guan, Y., Yao, L., Lin, K., Ong, J., Salloo, A., Doedens, L., Mathivha, L., Reubenson, G., Moaisi, S., Pentz, A., Green, R., Schibler, A., Erickson, S., McEneiry, J., Long, D., Coulthard, M., Millar, J., Delzoppo, C., Morritt, M., Watts, N., Beca, J., Sherring, C., and Bushell, T.

Published
2016

23. Preliminary Geometry, Displacement, and Kinematics of Fault Ruptures in the Epicentral Region of the 2016 Mw 7.8 Kaikōura, New Zealand, Earthquake.

Author

Nicol, A., Khajavi, N., Pettinga, J. R., Fenton, C., Stahl, T., Bannister, S., Pedley, K., Hyland-Brook, N., Bushell, T., Hamling, I., Ristau, J., Noble, D., and McColl, S. T.

Abstract

The Mw 7.8 Kaikōura earthquake ruptured at least 17 faults for a distance of approximately 165 km across the New Zealand plate boundary zone in the northeastern South Island. In the epicentral area, the earthquake produced displacement at the surface on The Humps, Leader, Conway-Charwell, and Stone Jug faults, which are the primary focus of this article. Analysis of the surface rupture, aftershocks, focal mechanisms, and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR)-derived uplift from the earthquake provides new information on the dimensions, geometries, and kinematics of these faults, which was not previously available from the active faults or bedrock structure. Relocation of the mainshock indicates that it initiated on The Humps fault with rupture mainly propagating to the northeast. The resulting ground ruptures comprise two intersecting sets that strike east-northeast with right-lateral and reverse displacements, and north-northwest to north-northeast faults with left-lateral reverse displacement. Reverse faulting was accompanied by folding associated with differential uplift and bedding-parallel slip. On a regional scale, faulting accommodated transpression consistent with the oblique relative plate motion vector and Quaternary bedrock deformation. Whereas the kinematics of faults that ruptured during the earthquake was predictable, the fault-rupture complexity could not have been anticipated or explicitly incorporated into seismic hazard models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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24. A 340/380 nm light‐emitting diode illuminator for Fura‐2 AM ratiometric Ca2+ imaging of live cells with better than 5 nM precision.

Author

TINNING, P. W., FRANSSEN, A. J. P. M., HRIDI, S. U., BUSHELL, T. J., and MCCONNELL, G.

Subjects
FLUORESCENCE microscopy, LIGHT emitting diodes, AMPLITUDE modulation, WAVELENGTHS, CALCIUM
Abstract

Copyright of Journal of Microscopy is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2018
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27. Discordant identification of pediatric severe sepsis by research and clinical definitions in the SPROUT international point prevalence study

Author

Weiss, Scott L, Fitzgerald, Julie C., Maffei, Frank A., Kane, Jason M., Rodriguez Nunez, Antonio, Hsing, Deyin D., Franzon, Deborah, Kee, Sze Ying, Bush, Jenny L., Roy, Jason A., Thomas, Neal J., Nadkarni, Vinay M., Fontela, P., Tucci, M., Dumistrascu, M., Skippen, P., Krahn, G., Bezares, E., Puig, G., Puig Ramos, A., Garcia, R., Villar, M., Bigham, M., Polanski, T., Latifi, S., Giebner, D., Anthony, H., Hume, J., Galster, A., Linnerud, L., Sanders, R., Hefley, G., Madden, K., Thompson, A., Shein, S., Gertz, S., Han, Y., Williams, T., Hughes Schalk, A., Chandler, H., Orioles, A., Zielinski, E., Doucette, A., Zebuhr, C., Wilson, T., Dimitriades, C., Ascani, J., Layburn, S., Valley, S., Markowitz, B., Terry, J., Morzov, R., Mcinnes, A., Mcarthur, J., Woods, K., Murkowski, K., Spaeder, M., Sharron, M., Wheeler, D., Beckman, E., Frank, E., Howard, K., Carroll, C., Nett, S., Jarvis, D., Patel, V., Higgerson, R., Christie, L., Typpo, K., Deschenes, J., Kirby, A., Uhl, T., Rehder, K., Cheifetz, I., Wrenn, S., Kypuros, K., Ackerman, K., Maffei, F., Bloomquist, G., Rizkalla, N., Kimura, D., Shah, S., Tigges, C., Su, F., Barlow, C., Michelson, K., Wolfe, K., Goodman, D., Campbel, L., Sorce, L., Bysani, K., Monjure, T., Evans, M., Totapally, B., Chegondi, M., Rodriguez, C., Frazier, J., Steele, L., Viteri, S., Costarino, A., Thomas, N., Spear, D., Hirshberg, E., Lilley, J., Rowan, C., Rider, C., Kane, J., Zimmerman, J., Greeley, C., Lin, J., Jacobs, R., Parker, M., Culver, K., Loftis, L., Jaimon, N., Goldsworthy, M., Fitzgerald, J., Weiss, S., Nadkarni, V., Bush, J., Diliberto, M., Alen, C., Gessouroun, M., Sapru, A., Lang, T., Alkhouli, M., Kamath, S., Friel, D., Daufeldt, J., Hsing, D., Carlo, C., Pon, S., Scimeme, J., Shaheen, A., Hassinger, A., Qiao, H., Giuliano, J., Tala, J., Vinciguerra, D., Fernandez, A., Carrero, R., Hoyos, P., Jaramillo, J., Posada, A., Izquiierdo, L., Piñeres Olave, B. E., Donado, J., Dalmazzo, R., Rendich, S., Palma, L., Lapadula, M., Acuna, C., Cruces, P., Clement De Clety, S., Dujardin, M., Berghe, C., Renard, S., Zurek, J., Steinherr, H., Mougkou, K., Critselis, E., Di Nardo, M., Picardo, S., Tortora, F., Rossetti, E., Fragasso, T., Cogo, Paola, Netto, R., Dagys, A., Gurskis, V., Kevalas, R., Neeleman, C., Lemson, J., Luijten, C., Wojciech, K., Pagowska Klimek, I., Szczepanska, M., Karpe, J., Nunes, P., Almeida, H., Rios, J., Vieira, M., Revilla, P., Urbano, J., Lopez Herce, J., Bustinza, A., Cuesta, A., Hofheinz, S., Rodriguez Nunez, A., Sanagustin, S., Gonzalez, E., Riaza, M., Piaya, R., Soler, P., Esteban, E., Laraudogoitia, J., Monge, C., Herrera, V., Granados, J., Gonzalez, C., Koroglu, T., Ozcelik, E., Baines, P., Plunkett, A., Davis, P., George, S., Tibby, S., Harris, J., Agbeko, R., Lampitt, R., Bierley, J., Peters, M., Jones, A., Dominguez, T., Thiruchelvam, T., Deep, A., Ridley, L., Bowen, W., Levin, R., Macleod, I., Gray, M., Hemat, N., Alexander, J., Ali, S., Pappachan, J., Mccorkell, J., Schibler, A., Fortune, P., Macdonald, M., Hudnott, P., Erickson, S., Millar, J., Delzoppo, C., Williams, G., Morritt, M., Mceneiry, J., Long, D., Dorofaeff, T., Coulthard, M., Watts, N., Suyun, Q., Singhi, S., Nallasamy, K., Lodha, R., Shime, N., Tabata, Y., Saito, O., Ikeyama, T., Kawasaki, T., Lum, L., Abidin, A., Kee, S., Tang, S., Jalil, R., Beca, J., Sherring, C., Bushell, T., Guan, Y., Yao, L., Lin, K., Ong, J., Salloo, A., Doedens, L., Mathivha, L., Reubenson, G., Moaisi, S., Pentz, A., and Green, R.

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Biomedical Research, Adolescent, lnfectious Diseases and Global Health Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 4], Practice Patterns, macromolecular substances, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, Sepsis, Intensive care, Epidemiology, Severity of illness, Clinical endpoint, Prevalence, Medicine, Humans, Practice Patterns, Physicians', Preschool, Intensive care medicine, Child, Pediatric intensive care unit, Observer Variation, Physicians', business.industry, Research, Organ dysfunction, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Child, Preschool, Female, Treatment Outcome, Newborn, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Clinical trial, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract

Introduction Consensus criteria for pediatric severe sepsis have standardized enrollment for research studies. However, the extent to which critically ill children identified by consensus criteria reflect physician diagnosis of severe sepsis, which underlies external validity for pediatric sepsis research, is not known. We sought to determine the agreement between physician diagnosis and consensus criteria to identify pediatric patients with severe sepsis across a network of international pediatric intensive care units (PICUs). Methods We conducted a point prevalence study involving 128 PICUs in 26 countries across 6 continents. Over the course of 5 study days, 6925 PICU patients Results Of the 706 patients, 301 (42.6 %) met both definitions. The inter-rater agreement (κ ± SE) between physician diagnosis and consensus criteria was 0.57 ± 0.02. Of the 438 patients with a physician’s diagnosis of severe sepsis, only 69 % (301 of 438) would have been eligible to participate in a clinical trial of pediatric severe sepsis that enrolled patients based on consensus criteria. Patients with physician-diagnosed severe sepsis who did not meet consensus criteria were younger and had lower severity of illness and lower PICU mortality than those meeting consensus criteria or both definitions. After controlling for age, severity of illness, number of comorbid conditions, and treatment in developed versus resource-limited regions, patients identified with severe sepsis by physician diagnosis alone or by consensus criteria alone did not have PICU mortality significantly different from that of patients identified by both physician diagnosis and consensus criteria. Conclusions Physician diagnosis of pediatric severe sepsis achieved only moderate agreement with consensus criteria, with physicians diagnosing severe sepsis more broadly. Consequently, the results of a research study based on consensus criteria may have limited generalizability to nearly one-third of PICU patients diagnosed with severe sepsis.

Published
2015

36. A Comparison of two nasal continuous positive airway pressure interfaces - a randomized crossover study.

Author

Bushell, T., McHugh, C., and Meyer, M.P.

Subjects
*CONTINUOUS positive airway pressure, *RESPIRATORY distress syndrome, *ARTIFICIAL respiration, *SURFACE active agents, *PATIENTS, NEWBORN infant health
Abstract

BACKGROUND: In spite of widespread use of nasal CPAP there are comparatively few studies to guide the choice of nasal prongs. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether the Fisher & Paykel Healthcare (FPH) neonatal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) interface was effective in providing bubble CPAP when compared to the Hudson prong interface. METHODS: The study was a randomized cross-over study of twenty newborn infants 500 g or more requiring CPAP for respiratory support at birth. Infants were randomized to either the Fisher & Paykel Healthcare or Hudson CPAP interface for twenty four hours. Crossover between interfaces occurred after subsequent twenty four hour periods. The primary outcome was the provision of desired CPAP pressures, defined as provision of CPAP within ± one cm H2O of set pressure. RESULTS: The percentage time CPAP was within ± one cm H2O of set pressure was 66.5% for the Hudson and 71.8% for the FPH interface (p = 0.66). Oxygen saturations for the Hudson interface were in target range for a median of 97.8% of the time, and, with the FPH interface, for a median of 98.2% of the time (p = 0.76). Clinically significant differences in primary or secondary outcomes between the two groups were not detected. CONCLUSIONS: The nasal CPAP interfaces studied were equally effective in achieving desired bubble CPAP pressures and target saturations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013
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38. Advances in imaging of new targets for pharmacological intervention in stroke: real-time tracking of T-cells in the ischaemic brain.

Author

Ortolano, F, Maffia, P, Dever, G, Rodolico, G, Millington, OR, De Simoni, MG, Brewer, JM, Bushell, TJ, Garside, P, Carswell, HV, Millington, O R, De Simoni, M G, Brewer, J M, Bushell, T J, and Carswell, H V

Subjects
T cells, CEREBRAL ischemia, BRAIN imaging, MULTIPHOTON excitation microscopy, ARTERIAL occlusions, LABORATORY mice, ELECTROCOAGULATION (Medicine), ISOFLURANE, GREEN fluorescent protein, PROTEIN metabolism, BRAIN metabolism, ANIMAL experimentation, BIOLOGICAL models, BRAIN, COMPARATIVE studies, DIAGNOSTIC imaging, HETEROCYCLIC compounds, IMMUNIZATION, INFARCTION, MOLECULAR probes, RESEARCH methodology, MEDICAL cooperation, MICE, MICROSCOPY, MOLECULAR diagnosis, PROTEINS, RESEARCH, TIME, PILOT projects, EVALUATION research, FLUORESCENT dyes, TRANSPLANTATION of organs, tissues, etc.
Abstract

Background and Purpose: T-cells may play a role in the evolution of ischaemic damage and repair, but the ability to image these cells in the living brain after a stroke has been limited. We aim to extend the technique of real-time in situ brain imaging of T-cells, previously shown in models of immunological diseases, to models of experimental stroke.Experimental Approach: Male C57BL6 mice (6-8 weeks) (n= 3) received a total of 2-5 x 10(6) carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE)-labelled lymphocytes from donor C57BL6 mice via i.v. injection by adoptive transfer. Twenty-four hours later, recipient mice underwent permanent left distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) by electrocoagulation or by sham surgery under isoflurane anaesthesia. Female hCD2-green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgenic mice that exhibit GFP-labelled T-cells underwent MCAO. At 24 or 48 h post-MCAO, a sagittal brain slice (1500 microm thick) containing cortical branches of the occluded middle cerebral artery (MCA) was dissected and used for multiphoton laser scanning microscopy (MPLSM).Key Results: Our results provide direct observations for the first time of dynamic T-cell behaviour in living brain tissue in real time and herein proved the feasibility of MPLSM for ex vivo live imaging of immune response after experimental stroke.Conclusions and Implications: It is hoped that these advances in the imaging of immune cells will provide information that can be harnessed to a therapeutic advantage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2010
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40. Electron spin resonance linewidths of Co2+ in magnesium oxide

Author

Thorp, J. S., Hossain, M. D., Bluck, L. J. C., and Bushell, T. G.

Abstract

Electron spin resonance linewidths of Co2+ in single-crystal MgO at 9 GHz were examined experimentally and theoretically for a range of Co2+ concentration from 310 to 9900 ppm. In contrast to the behaviour expected from dipolar broadening, the experimental peak-to-peak linewidth for the octed hyperfine lines were about twelve to fifty times less than the calculated dipolar linewidths according to temperature and concentrations. The peak-to-peak linewidths as determined experimentally increase from 0.8 mT at 310 ppm Co2+ to 4.0 mT at 9900 ppm Co2+ at a polar angle ?H= O° and at 20 K. Peak-to-peak linewidths independent of polar angle but strongly dependent on temperature and slightly dependent on concentrations were observed. The ratio of moments M41/4/M21/2derived from the experimental data lay between 1.35 to 1.44 and the lineshapes were markedly Lorentzian in the range of temperature measured. The data suggest that Co2+ entered the lattice substitutionally, occupying magnesium sites, that the linewidths were determined, after exchange energy, over the whole concentration range examined and that the exchange energy whose values lay between 6 and 77 GHz, varied linearly with concentration.

Published
1980
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41. Intermittent local prophylaxis against recurrent vaginal candidosis.

Author

Bushell, T E, Evans, E G, Meaden, J D, Milne, J D, and Warnock, D W

Abstract

Women with recurrent vaginal candidosis were treated until the infection cleared and were then given one clotrimazole 500 mg vaginal tablet a month or an identical placebo as prophylaxis. Of 21 women who received placebo, 16 developed symptoms or signs within three months, compared with nine of 17 women given active treatment. Women who relapsed were treated and then given active prophylaxis once a month. Of 30 women given such treatment, 13 relapsed within three months. Women who relapsed were treated and then given two clotrimazole 500 mg vaginal tablets a month. Of 17 women given prophylaxis twice a month, four developed symptoms or signs within three months, but 10 remained clear for 12 months. No appreciable difference was seen in the incidence of mycological recurrence between the different regimens; within three months over half the women in all treatment groups had become recolonised. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
1988
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50. A trial of adenine arabinoside in genital herpes.

Author

Hilton, A L, Bushell, T E, Waller, D, and Bright, J

Abstract

Twenty-four episodes of genital herpes in 22 men, all confirmed by virus isolation, were studied in a double blind trial. They were treated either with 3% adenine arabinoside (Ara-A) in petrolatum ointment base or with the base alone applied four times daily for one week. The lesions were counted and sketeched on days 0, 2, and 7. There was no demonstrable advantage to be gained from the use of Ara-A ointment. The results of the Papanicolaou smears and virus isolation agreed in the diagnosis of 75% of cases. The presence of continuing lesions or fresh ones in some patients after the acute phase of the initial or recurrent attack of herpes necessitates the man taking precautions on resuming sexual intercourse. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
1978
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