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4. Impacts of Climate Change on Public Health in India: Future Research Directions

Author

Bush, Kathleen F., Luber, George, Kotha, S. Rani, Dhaliwal, R.S., Kapil, Vikas, Pascual, Mercedes, Brown, Daniel G., Frumkin, Howard, Dhiman, R.C., Hess, Jeremy, Wilson, Mark L., Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Eisenberg, Joseph, Kaur, Tanvir, Rood, Richard, Batterman, Stuart, Joseph, Aley, Gronlund, Carina J., Agrawal, Arun, and Hu, Howard

Published
2011

9. Associations between extreme precipitation and gastrointestinal-related Hospital admissions in Chennai, India

Author

Bush, Kathleen F., O'Neill, Marie S., Li, Shi, Mukherjee, Bhramar, Hu, Howard, Ghosh, Santu, and Balakrishnan, Kalpana

Subjects
Rain and rainfall -- Analysis -- Health aspects, Environmental health -- Research, Hospitals -- Admission and discharge, Extreme weather -- Health aspects, Gastrointestinal diseases -- Environmental aspects, Environmental issues, Health
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Understanding the potential links between extreme weather events and human health in India is important in the context of vulnerability and adaptation to climate change. Research exploring such linkages in India is sparse. OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the association between extreme precipitation and gastrointestinal (GI) illness-related hospital admissions in Chennai, India, from 2004 to 2007. METHODS: Daily hospital admissions were extracted from two government hospitals in Chennai, India, and meteorological data were retrieved from the Chennai International Airport. We evaluated the association between extreme precipitation (≥ 90th percentile) and hospital admissions using generalized additive models. Both single-day and distributed lag models were explored over a 15-day period, controlling for apparent temperature, day of week, and long-term time trends. We used a stratified analysis to explore the association across age and season. RESULTS: Extreme precipitation was consistently associated with GI-related hospital admissions. The cumulative summary of risk ratios estimated for a 15-day period corresponding to an extreme event (relative to no precipitation) was 1.60 (95% CI: 1.29, 1.98) among all ages, 2.72 (95% CI: 1.25, 5.92) among the young (≤ 5 years of age), and 1.62 (95% CI: 0.97, 2.70) among the old (≥ 65 years of age). The association was stronger during the pre-monsoon season (March--May), with a cumulative risk ratio of 6.50 (95% CI: 2.22, 19.04) for all ages combined compared with other seasons. CONCLUSIONS: Hospital admissions related to GI illness were positively associated with extreme precipitation in Chennai, India, with positive cumulative risk ratios for a 15-day period following an extreme event in all age groups. Projected changes in precipitation and extreme weather events suggest that climate change will have important implications for human health in India, where health disparities already exist. 10.1289/ehp.1306807, Introduction Global climate change is expected to increase the frequency, intensity, and duration of extreme weather events, with potential adverse effects on human health. High-risk areas include those already experiencing [...]

Published
2014
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11. Student Handbook for Global Engagement

Author

Bush, Kathleen F., Maslowsky, Julie, Glen, Christopher, Mitsak, Annie, Sujal Parikh, Rheingans, Carrie, Admon, Andrew, Bulcholtz, Brigette, Burlaka, Viktor, Sirui Cao, Connelly, Maureen, Hariharan, Arun, Harrington, Alexander, Heinrichs, Annalies, Janaiya Johnson, Levene, Jaqueline, Levtov, Ruti, May, Ian, McCoy, Joey, McLaughlin, Peggy, Massy Mutumba, Nyia Noel, Folasade Odeniyi, Phallon Officer-Treece, Okoth, Linda, Palchaudhuri, Sonali, Perosky, Joseph, Prensner, John, Mekhala Reghavan, Siddiqi, Hasan, Smith, Jacqueline, Sova, Alexandra, Smoot, Jason, Starke, Amy, Story, Will, Tatomir, Joanna, Zheng, Alice, Anderson, Frank, Lutz, Heather, and Restrick, Kate

Published
2010
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13. The Impact of Climate Change on Public Health in India: Future Research Directions

Author

Bush, Kathleen F., primary, Frumkin, Howard, additional, Rani Kotha, S., additional, Dhiman, R. C., additional, Eisenberg, Joseph, additional, Sur, Dipika, additional, Rood, Richard, additional, Batterman, Stuart, additional, Joseph, Aley, additional, Gronlund, Carina, additional, Agrawal, Arun, additional, Shah, Bela, additional, Hu, Howard, additional, Kapil, Vikas, additional, Luber, George, additional, Brown, Daniel G., additional, Kaur, Tanvir, additional, Hess, Jeremy, additional, Wilson, Mark, additional, and Balakrishnan, Kalpana, additional

Published
2011
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15. Linkages Between Extreme Precipitation, Water Quality, and Gastrointestinal Illness.

Author

Bush, Kathleen F.

Subjects
Climate Change, Extreme Precipitation, Gastrointestinal Illness, Time-series Analysis, United States, India
Abstract

Background: The frequency, intensity, and duration of extreme weather events are expected to increase based on current climate model projections. Such changes, particularly those associated with extreme precipitation, will likely threaten water quality and exacerbate global health disparities. Vulnerable subpopulations include children, the elderly, and the poor. Objectives: This dissertation evaluates the association between extreme precipitation and hospital admissions among: 1) a population in Chennai, India during 2004-2007, 2) the elderly in the Great Lakes Region in relation to beach closures during 2000-2006, and 3) the elderly in 132 U.S. cities during 1992-2006. Methods: Daily hospital admissions were merged with daily meteorological data. Hospital admissions were examined for seasonal trends. Poisson regression and case-crossover models were fit to evaluate the association between extreme precipitation and daily hospital admissions. Season and age were explored as potential effect modifiers. Results: In India, extreme precipitation (greater than or equal to the 90th percentile) was positively associated with hospital admissions related to gastrointestinal illness (GI). The cumulative risk, estimated over a 15-day lag period, was 1.61 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.29, 2.00) and was elevated among the young 2.65 (95% CI: 1.21, 5.80) and the old 1.68 (95% CI: 1.01, 2.80). Risk varied across seasons, peaking during pre-monsoon 1.58 (95% CI: 1.24, 1.90). In the Great Lakes Region, beaches were closed 10% of summer days. Precipitation above the 90th percentile at lag 1 significantly predicted (p

Published
2012

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