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Predictive maintenance is the promise of the future in infrastructure asset management. Predictive maintenance more and more uses sensor data. Sensors are relatively cheap, and their data mostly comes in huge quantities. Trends or flags may be observed in the data, sometimes with traditional statistical analyses and more often with advanced analyses such as machine learning techniques. These trends and flags may indicate a developing problem, allowing maintenance professionals to act before a failure occurs. However, as of today predictive maintenance is far from being common practice in infrastructure asset management. Failure mechanisms are often extremely complex. Besides knowing how to search for flags and trends, one should first know what to search for. Also, on the organisational side barriers are found. Often, big data is available in infrastructure organisations but underutilised for various reasons such as inaccessibility of data, client unfriendly user interfaces and a lack of tools to analyse data effectively by maintenance engineers. The current research investigates the potential for more predictive maintenance in current professional practices, not by adding new sensors but through exploitation of existing data (data mining) and removal of barriers which professionals experience in using such data.

In order to increase the flood resilience of cities (i.e., the ability to cope with flood hazards), it is also crucial to make critical infrastructure functions resilient, since these are essential for urban society. Cities are complex systems with many actors of different disciplines and many interdependent critical infrastructure networks and functions. Common flood risk analysis techniques provide useful information but are not sufficient to obtain a complete overview of the effects of flooding and potential measures to increase flood resilience related to critical infrastructure networks. Therefore, a more comprehensive approach is needed which helps accessing knowledge of actors in a structured way. Fort Lauderdale, Florida, United States has suffered from flood impacts, especially from disruptions in critical infrastructure. This paper shows how shared insight among different sectors and stakeholders into critical infrastructure resilience and potential resilience-enhancing measures was obtained using input from these actors. It also provides a first quantitative indication of resilience, indicated by the potential disruption due to floods and the effect of measures on resilience. The paper contributes to the existing literature on resilience specifically by considering the duration of disruption, the inclusion of critical infrastructure disruption in flood impact analysis, and the step from resilience quantification to measures.

Many countries are affected by multiple hazards to some extent. Development projects, from construction of schools, hospitals, bridges, or dams, to new agricultural programs are all at risk of being adversely affected by natural hazards in their design lifetime. The design of such projects must consider disaster and climate risks to ensure investment is sustainable and “disaster and climate proofed”. A significant challenge for those who want incorporate climate and disaster risk into projects, is accessing appropriate and understandable information on which risks exist and how to reduce these risks. The result is that too few development projects properly consider the full range of hazards present, and are at high risk of being left unprepared down the line. The Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery developed ThinkHazard!, an open-source, simple yet robust, online hazard screening tool providing hazard level at a user's specified location, for eight hazards. This paper describes the structure and development of ThinkHazard!, which is intended to be the first source of information for project managers unfamiliar with all the potential hazards in their project location, acting as a stepping stone or gateway to accessing more detailed information to incorporate disaster risk management in their projects.

International audience; Building a safer society requires accurate information about natural hazards. Many countries are affected by multiple hazards, which need to be considered carefully in development projects like infrastructure, construction, educational or agricultural programs. When defining programs or planning investments, it is of great importance to be aware of potential natural threats that could adversely affect projects during their lifetime. Considering the impact of climate change, it is also vital to anticipate future evolution of these hazards in a context of changing conditions. One of the major challenges to ensure sustainable development is to engage in disaster and climate proof approaches at early stages of the projects. A step forward this purpose is achieved when decision makers can access to easily understandable and reliable information on hazards as well as recommendations about how to translate this knowledge into appropriate actions for their project. The Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery developed a new hazard screening tool named ThinkHazard! to contribute to bridging the gap between existing scientific knowledge and decision makers " practical need. It consists in an open-source, simple and robust online tool that provides the hazard level at the user " s location for eight widely encountered hazards. The tool also releases first level information on how to cope with hazards in projects " early decisions, and guides the users to other sources of more detailed information about hazards and risk management good practices.

Interaction processes between two or more model domains can be represented with the help of model coupling. Different methods of coupling apply for different interaction processes. We illustrate this with the help of an exercise. In order to facilitate model coupling of water-related models the OpenMI standard has been developed. This document gives an introduction to the open modelling interface (OpenMI) and explains the steps that are necessary to migrate existing model code to Open MI compliance. An OpenMI composition of a flow simulation model for a river section of the Elbe river (Germany) that is coupled with a model for the control of a hydraulic structure is used to explain how models can be coupled with Open MI and to illustrate the added value of model coupling in terms of improved simulation result.

Flood risk is generally defined as the product of the flooding probability and the possible losses associated with the flood event. Flood losses are categorized as tangible and intangible depending on whether or not the losses can be assessed in monetary values. Up to date, intangible loses are not or only partially incorporated in flood risk analysis due to the lack of appropriate methodologies for their evaluation and integration with tangible losses in the overall risk analysis. Therefore, within this research study, methodologies for the evaluation of intangible losses due to flooding and their integration with tangible economic losses in risk analysis were developed .This paper focuses on the integration methodology which was developed within the framework of a GIS based multi-criteria analysis, including the results of a spatial analysis which was exemplarily performed for the different flood losses and integrated losses for a selected pilot site in Hamburg, Germany.

This paper describes an integrated spatial modeling concept for flood losses which has been developed within the joint research project "XtremRisK". For the final step of an integrated coastal flood risk analysis based on the "risk source-pathway-receptor" approach, the "Cellbased Risk Assessment" (CRA) concept is implemented for the spatial modeling of both tangible and intangible flood losses and their aggregation into the so-called "integrated risk". Finally, all results are utilized for the hazard and risk mapping, which serve as a basis for the decision making on risk management strategies. The different steps of the CRA concept and its applicability for different types of spatial input data are shown in the paper. Furthermore, advantages and limitations of this spatial modeling concept for integrated flood risk analysis are discussed. The practical implementation of the approach is described for the study area Hamburg-Wilhelmsburg (Germany) and the related categories of flood losses. The results show that the newly developed CRA concept is a suitable spatial modeling framework with respect to the comprehensive requirements in this integrated coastal flood risk analysis.

Coastal flooding is one of the devastating natural disasters occurred in the recent past and it is expected to further increase due to the effects of sea level rise and storm surges associated with...

A brief overview of the joint research project XtremRisK is given. The project has been focusing on developing/improving/expanding the knowledge, methods and models with respect to (i) physically possible extreme storm surge for current conditions and scenarios for climate change, (ii) failure mechanisms of flood defenses, (iii) assessment of intangible losses (social and ecological) and their integration with direct/indirect economic losses, (iv) reliability analysis of flood defense systems and (v) source–pathway–receptor (SPR)-based integrated flood risk analysis involving both tangible and intangible losses and its implementation for two selected pilot sites (representative for an open coast and an urban estuarine area in Germany). The key results are briefly summarized and the lessons learned for future flood risk studies are finally drawn.

Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit der Umgestaltung des Papierbachs in Oberweimar. Es handelt sich dabei um ein kleines urbanes Fließgewässer II. Ordnung. Um den angrenzenden Siedlungsraum vor Hochwasser zu schützen, wird ein Rückhaltebecken geplant. Hierzu wurden verschiedene Varianten untersucht und dabei die ökologische Verträglichkeit der Maßnahmen überprüft. Im Siedlungsraum ist es wegen der angrenzenden Nutzungen nicht möglich, einen >guten Zustand< des Papierbachs zu erreichen. Das Gewässer wird hier wegen der intensiven Flächennutzung als >erheblich verändert< eingestuft. Die Einteilung des Papierbachs in Gewässerabschnitte ermöglicht eine differenzierte Formulierung von Leitbildern und die Ableitung entsprechender Entwicklungsziele. Eine an die bestehenden Nutzungen angepasste Umgestaltung ist durchaus realisierbar. Die Umsetzbarkeit wurde durch ausgewählte Beispiele vergleichbarer Gewässer unterstrichen.

The joint research project “XtremRisK” was initiated with the main objective of enhancing the knowledge with respect to the uncertainties of extreme storm surge predictions as well as quantifying exemplarily the flood risk under current conditions and future climate scenarios exemplarily for two pilot sites in Germany: Sylt Island representative for an open coast and Hamburg for an estuarine urban area. Flood risk is generally determined by the product of the flooding probability and the possible losses associated with the flood event. Flood losses are categorized as tangible and intangible depending on whether or not the losses can be assessed in monetary values. Up to date, intangible loses are not or only partially incorporated in flood risk analysis due to the lack of appropriate evaluation and integration methodologies. This study focuses on developing methodologies for the evaluation of intangible losses due to flooding and for their integration with tangible losses in flood risk analysis

The expected climate change and the associated possible increase of the frequency and magnitude of extreme storm surges may lead to larger storm surge hazards than have been observed in the past. Therefore, the German XtremRisK project aims to improve the understanding of the impact of extreme storm surges under current and future climate conditions by conducting an integrated flood risk analysis for two selected pilot sites in Germany which may be representative for an open coast (Sylt Island) and a megacity in an estuarine area (Hamburg). The research has also been focused on developing and improving the knowledge, methods and models for the assessment of intangible losses (social and environmental), their spatial modelling as well as their integration with direct and indirect economic losses. After a brief introduction into the integrated flood risk analysis being implemented, the paper describes the methodologies and discusses the results with a focus on the modelling of tangible and intangible losses in the pilot site Hamburg-Wilhelmsburg.

Extreme storm surges have frequently led to major damages also along the German coastline. The joint research project 'XtremRisK' was initiated to improve the understanding of risk-related issues due to extreme storm surges and to quantify the flood risk for two pilot sites at the open coast and in an estuarine area under present and future climate scenarios. In this context, an integrated flood risk analysis is performed based on the source-pathway-receptor concept under consideration of possible tangible and intangible losses. This paper describes the structure of the project, the methodology of the subprojects, and first results. Moreover, integration approaches are discussed. The results of 'XtremRisK' will be used to propose flood risk mitigation measures for the prospective end-users.

Die Ubertragung von Erkenntnissen aus dem rotationssymmetrischen Tragverhalten auf nichtrotationssymmetrische Verhaltnisse ist nicht zulassig. Die Untersuchung gibt Hinweise fur die Beurteilung des letztgenannten Zustands bei Last- und Temperatureinflussen, die durch Einheitsfourierglieder beschrieben werden.