Search

Metacognition skills enable learners to understand and monitor their cognitive processes. The categories described under metacognition are knowledge/regulation of cognition. Metacognitive skills are necessary in curriculum delivery. Students with metacognitive skills are expected to perform better and evidence recommends metacognition be taught in curriculum. The metacognition awareness inventory (MAI) score was collected for knowledge of cognitive factor (KCF) and regulation of cognitive factor (RCF). Knowledge monitoring accuracy (KMA) was also calculated as the difference between students' examination estimated score (SEES) versus actual knowledge on tests. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to analyse MAI, academic achievement and SEES at the end of semester assessment (EOSA) written/clinical (EOSAW/EOSAC) test. A negative correlation was found between MAI and EOSAW (-0.029) and MAI and EOSAC (-0.187), while a high correlation between MAI and KCF (0.808) and MAI and RCF (0.920) was found (p < 0.001). The correlation between KCF and RCF was moderately high (0.559, p < 0.001). A negative correlation was also found between KMA and EOSAW (-0.392). The correlation of EOSA achievement scores and KCF and RCF was also negative at -0.002 and -0.100, respectively. A mixed insignificant (p > 0.05) correlation was noted among MAI, KMA and SEES for individual instruments. A poor correlation between metacognitive skills and achievement scores indicates students' unrealistic self-evaluation of cognition for knowledge and regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lymphomas are prevalent worldwide and a common malignancy reported in Malaysia. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common subtype of B-cell lymphomas accounting for 54% to 65% of all B-cell lymphomas and 39% to 57% of all malignant lymphomas. However, DLBCL comprises a heterogeneous group of diseases with different clinical presentations, biology and response to treatment. Recent advances in understanding the genetic landscape and molecular features of DLBCL have identified high-risk subsets with poor outcomes to chemo-immunotherapy that are actively being studied in various clinical trials. C-MYC is a proto-oncogene located in chromosome 8q24. 10 to 15 % of patients with newly diagnosed DLBCL have an underlying rearrangement of the MYC oncogene, resulting in dysregulated cellular survival and proliferation. Approximately half of these cases also carry a rearrangement of the anti-apoptotic proto-oncogene BCL2 and/or its transcription repressor BCL6. Over 20 case reports of DLBCL cases with notable features in Malaysia have found in the literature, in addition to a few extensive case series and included in this review. R-CHOP remains the mainstay of therapy and can help achieve control of long-term disease in nearly 90% of patients presenting with limited-stage and in up to 60% of those presenting with advanced stages. This review captures all 52 studies that reported DLBCL in Malaysia and summarises the essential aspects, including prevalence, subtype, prognostic markers clinical features in presentation and limited outcomes of cases when available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Older individuals are seemingly having more medical conditions, which predispose them to a greater risk of polypharmacy. Potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs), including those having anticholinergic and sedative properties, are common in their prescriptions, often associated with functional decline and negative health outcomes. Thus, this study reports proportions of inappropriate drugs and drug burden exposures and its correlation with patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) among cognitively intact older adults admitted to a ward or visiting the outpatient clinic at a tertiary care hospital in Malaysia. Methods: This cross‐sectional study included data from 344 older (173 inpatients and 171 outpatients) patients, aged 60 years and above, through validated questionnaires. Medication appropriateness was assessed via Medication Appropriateness Index (MAI) tool, whereas Beers and Screening Tool of Older Person's Potentially Inappropriate Prescribing (STOPP) criteria were used to evaluate PIMs and potentially inappropriate prescribing (PIP), respectively. The Drug Burden Index (DBI) and polypharmacy, as well as PROs, included Groningen Frailty Indicator (GFI), Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living (Katz ADL) and Older People's Quality of Life (OPQOL) were also evaluated. Results: Overall, inpatients received significantly higher medications (6.90 ± 2.70 vs 4.49 ± 3.20) than outpatients. A significantly higher proportion of inpatients received at least one PIM (65% vs 57%) or PIP (57.4% vs 17.0%) and higher mean MAI score (1.76 ± 1.08 and 1.10 ± 0.34) and DBI score (2.67 ± 1.28 vs 1.49 ± 1.17) than outpatients. Inpatients had significantly higher total OPQOL (118.53 vs 79.95) and GFI score (5.44 vs 3.78) than outpatients. We only found significant correlations between GFI and DBI and total OPQOL and the number of PIMs. Conclusions: Proportions of PIMs and DBI exposure were significantly higher in an inpatient setting. No significant correlations between exposures to inappropriate medications or drug burden and PROs were observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]