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1. Are oxygen isotope fractionation factors between calcite and water derived from speleothems systematically biased due to prior calcite precipitation (PCP)?

Author

Deininger, Michael, Hansen, Maximilian, Fohlmeister, Jens, Schröder-Ritzrau, Andrea, Burstyn, Yuval, and Scholz, Denis

Subjects
Physics - Geophysics
Abstract

The equilibrium oxygen isotope fractionation factor between calcite and water (18{\alpha}calcite/H2O) is an important quantity in stable isotope geochemistry and allows in principle to infer temperature variations from carbonate {\delta}18O if carbonate formation occurred in thermodynamic equilibrium. For this reason, many studies intended to determine the value of the oxygen isotope fractionation factor between calcite and water (18{\alpha}calcite/H2O) for a wide range of temperatures using modern cave calcite and the corresponding cave drip water or ancient speleothem carbonate and fluid inclusion samples. However, the picture that emerges from all of these studies indicates that speleothem calcite is not formed in thermodynamic equilibrium but under kinetic conditions, provoking a large variability of determined 18{\alpha}calcite/H2O values. Here we present a conceptual framework that can explain the variability of 18{\alpha}calcite/H2O values obtained by cave studies. Prior calcite precipitation (PCP) is calcite precipitation before cave drip water is dripping from the cave ceiling and impinges on the surface of a stalagmite or watch glass. Prior to the karst water dripping from the cave ceiling, PCP can occur in the karst above the cave as well as on the cave ceiling, the cave walls and on the surface of stalactites. We argue that PCP leads to increasing the {\delta}18O value of the dissolved HCO3- ({\delta}18OHCO3-), resulting in an oxygen isotope disequilibrium of the {\delta}18OHCO3- values with respect to the {\delta}18O value of water ({\delta}18OH2O). The oxygen isotope disequilibrium between HCO3- and H2O is re-equilibrated by oxygen isotope exchange between H2O and HCO3. Depending on the temperature, the re-equilibration time varies from hours to days and is usually much longer than the residence time of the drip water on stalactites, but much shorter than the time ...

Published
2021
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2. SISALv2: a comprehensive speleothem isotope database with multiple age–depth models

Author

Comas-Bru, Laia, Rehfeld, Kira, Roesch, Carla, Amirnezhad-Mozhdehi, Sahar, Harrison, Sandy P, Atsawawaranunt, Kamolphat, Ahmad, Syed Masood, Brahim, Yassine Ait, Baker, Andy, Bosomworth, Matthew, Breitenbach, Sebastian FM, Burstyn, Yuval, Columbu, Andrea, Deininger, Michael, Demény, Attila, Dixon, Bronwyn, Fohlmeister, Jens, Hatvani, István Gábor, Hu, Jun, Kaushal, Nikita, Kern, Zoltán, Labuhn, Inga, Lechleitner, Franziska A, Lorrey, Andrew, Martrat, Belen, Novello, Valdir Felipe, Oster, Jessica, Pérez-Mejías, Carlos, Scholz, Denis, Scroxton, Nick, Sinha, Nitesh, Ward, Brittany Marie, Warken, Sophie, Zhang, Haiwei, and members, SISAL Working Group

Subjects
Climate Action, Atmospheric Sciences, Geochemistry, Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience
Abstract

Characterizing the temporal uncertainty in palaeoclimate records is crucial for analysing past climate change, correlating climate events between records, assessing climate periodicities, identifying potential triggers and evaluating climate model simulations. The first global compilation of speleothem isotope records by the SISAL (Speleothem Isotope Synthesis and Analysis) working group showed that age model uncertainties are not systematically reported in the published literature, and these are only available for a limited number of records (ca. 15 %, n = 107/691). To improve the usefulness of the SISAL database, we have (i) improved the database's spatio-temporal coverage and (ii) created new chronologies using seven different approaches for age- depth modelling. We have applied these alternative chronologies to the records from the first version of the SISAL database (SISALv1) and to new records compiled since the release of SISALv1. This paper documents the necessary changes in the structure of the SISAL database to accommodate the inclusion of the new age models and their uncertainties as well as the expansion of the database to include new records and the qualitycontrol measures applied. This paper also documents the age-depth model approaches used to calculate the new chronologies. The updated version of the SISAL database (SISALv2) contains isotopic data from 691 speleothem records from 294 cave sites and new age-depth models, including age-depth temporal uncertainties for 512 speleothems.

Published
2020

4. StalFire Consortium: Defining the paleoclimate-fire relationship in California across temporal and spatial scales 

Author

Montañez, Isabel P., primary, Oster, Jessica L., additional, Atekwana, Eliot A., additional, Bowen, Gabriel, additional, Burstyn, Yuval, additional, de Wet, Cameron, additional, Griffith, Elizabeth M., additional, Hren, Michael, additional, Letshele, Kesego P., additional, Pederzani, Sarah, additional, Scarpitti, Erica A., additional, Smolen, Jonathan, additional, Wang, Zhao, additional, and Zyba, Aida, additional

Published
2024
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7. SISALv3: A global speleothem stable isotope and trace element database

Author

0000-0002-2220-9046, 0000-0002-1697-0429, 0000-0002-5022-3195, 0000-0002-5100-4226, 0000-0002-1552-6166, 0000-0002-4238-1230, 0000-0003-0398-9005, 0000-0001-5687-1903, 0000-0002-9262-7315, 0000-0002-9442-5362, 0000-0002-0496-120X, 0000-0002-2953-7835, 0000-0002-1969-8555, 0000-0002-7070-7365, 0000-0003-3858-4462, 0000-0003-0527-9381, 0000-0001-5410-062X, 0000-0002-5013-4811, 0000-0002-0458-5996, 0000-0003-4900-2587, 0000-0002-4458-2204, 0000-0001-9904-9178, 0000-0003-0004-0910, 0000-0002-0120-3745, 0000-0002-8370-9271, 0000-0003-4733-1125, 0000-0003-0767-5783, 0000-0002-8410-9569, 0000-0002-3339-1488, 0000-0002-0855-1283, Kaushal, Nikita, Lechleitner, Franziska A., Wilhelm, Micah, Azennoud, Khalil, Bühler, Janica C., Braun, Kerstin, Ait Brahim, Yassine, Baker, Andy, Burstyn, Yuval, Comas-Bru, Laia, Fohlmeister, Jens, Goldsmith, Yonaton, Harrison, Sandy P., Hatvani, István G., Rehfeld, Kira, Ritzau, Magdalena, Skiba, Vanessa, Stoll, Heather M., Szűcs, József G., Tanos, Péter, Treble, Pauline C., Azevedo, Vitor, Baker, Jonathan L., Borsato, Andrea, Chawchai, Sakonvan, Columbu, Andrea, Endres, Laura, Hu, Jun, Kern, Zoltán, Kimbrough, Alena, Koç, Koray, Markowska, Monika, Martrat, Belen, Masood Ahmad, Syed, Nehme, Carole, Novello, Valdir Felipe, Pérez-Mejías, Carlos, Ruan, Jiaoyang, Sekhon, Natasha, Sinha, Nitesh, Tadros, Carol V., Tiger, Benjamin H., Warken, Sophie, Wolf, Annabel, Zhang, Haiwei, 0000-0002-2220-9046, 0000-0002-1697-0429, 0000-0002-5022-3195, 0000-0002-5100-4226, 0000-0002-1552-6166, 0000-0002-4238-1230, 0000-0003-0398-9005, 0000-0001-5687-1903, 0000-0002-9262-7315, 0000-0002-9442-5362, 0000-0002-0496-120X, 0000-0002-2953-7835, 0000-0002-1969-8555, 0000-0002-7070-7365, 0000-0003-3858-4462, 0000-0003-0527-9381, 0000-0001-5410-062X, 0000-0002-5013-4811, 0000-0002-0458-5996, 0000-0003-4900-2587, 0000-0002-4458-2204, 0000-0001-9904-9178, 0000-0003-0004-0910, 0000-0002-0120-3745, 0000-0002-8370-9271, 0000-0003-4733-1125, 0000-0003-0767-5783, 0000-0002-8410-9569, 0000-0002-3339-1488, 0000-0002-0855-1283, Kaushal, Nikita, Lechleitner, Franziska A., Wilhelm, Micah, Azennoud, Khalil, Bühler, Janica C., Braun, Kerstin, Ait Brahim, Yassine, Baker, Andy, Burstyn, Yuval, Comas-Bru, Laia, Fohlmeister, Jens, Goldsmith, Yonaton, Harrison, Sandy P., Hatvani, István G., Rehfeld, Kira, Ritzau, Magdalena, Skiba, Vanessa, Stoll, Heather M., Szűcs, József G., Tanos, Péter, Treble, Pauline C., Azevedo, Vitor, Baker, Jonathan L., Borsato, Andrea, Chawchai, Sakonvan, Columbu, Andrea, Endres, Laura, Hu, Jun, Kern, Zoltán, Kimbrough, Alena, Koç, Koray, Markowska, Monika, Martrat, Belen, Masood Ahmad, Syed, Nehme, Carole, Novello, Valdir Felipe, Pérez-Mejías, Carlos, Ruan, Jiaoyang, Sekhon, Natasha, Sinha, Nitesh, Tadros, Carol V., Tiger, Benjamin H., Warken, Sophie, Wolf, Annabel, and Zhang, Haiwei

Abstract

Palaeoclimate information on multiple climate variables at different spatiotemporal scales is becoming increasingly important to understand environmental and societal responses to climate change. A lack of high-quality reconstructions of past hydroclimate has recently been identified as a critical research gap. Speleothems, with their precise chronologies, widespread distribution, and ability to record changes in local to regional hydroclimate variability, are an ideal source of such information. Here, we present a new version of the Speleothem Isotopes Synthesis and AnaLysis database (SISALv3), which has been expanded to include trace element ratios and Sr isotopes as additional, hydroclimate-sensitive geochemical proxies. The oxygen and carbon isotope data included in previous versions of the database have been substantially expanded. SISALv3 contains speleothem data from 365 sites from across the globe, including 95 Mg/Ca, 85 Sr/Ca, 52 Ba/Ca, 25 U/Ca, 29 P/Ca, and 14 Sr-isotope records. The database also has increased spatiotemporal coverage for stable oxygen (892) and carbon (620) isotope records compared with SISALv2 (which consists of 673 and 430 stable oxygen and carbon records, respectively). Additional meta information has been added to improve the machine-readability and filtering of data. Standardized chronologies are included for all new entities along with the originally published chronologies. Thus, the SISALv3 database constitutes a unique resource of speleothem palaeoclimate information that allows regional to global palaeoclimate analyses based on multiple geochemical proxies, permitting more robust interpretations of past hydroclimate and comparisons with isotope-enabled climate models and other Earth system and hydrological models. The database can be accessed at 10.5287/ora-2nanwp4rk (Kaushal et al., 2024).

Published
2024

8. SISALv3: a global speleothem stable isotope and trace element database.

Author

Kaushal, Nikita, Lechleitner, Franziska A., Wilhelm, Micah, Azennoud, Khalil, Bühler, Janica C., Braun, Kerstin, Ait Brahim, Yassine, Baker, Andy, Burstyn, Yuval, Comas-Bru, Laia, Fohlmeister, Jens, Goldsmith, Yonaton, Harrison, Sandy P., Hatvani, István G., Rehfeld, Kira, Ritzau, Magdalena, Skiba, Vanessa, Stoll, Heather M., Szűcs, József G., and Tanos, Péter

Subjects
DATABASES, STABLE isotopes, TRACE elements, STRONTIUM isotopes, GEOCHEMICAL modeling, CARBON isotopes, ALUMINUM alloys, ALKALINE earth metals
Abstract

Palaeoclimate information on multiple climate variables at different spatiotemporal scales is becoming increasingly important to understand environmental and societal responses to climate change. A lack of high-quality reconstructions of past hydroclimate has recently been identified as a critical research gap. Speleothems, with their precise chronologies, widespread distribution, and ability to record changes in local to regional hydroclimate variability, are an ideal source of such information. Here, we present a new version of the Speleothem Isotopes Synthesis and AnaLysis database (SISALv3), which has been expanded to include trace element ratios and Sr isotopes as additional, hydroclimate-sensitive geochemical proxies. The oxygen and carbon isotope data included in previous versions of the database have been substantially expanded. SISALv3 contains speleothem data from 365 sites from across the globe, including 95 Mg/Ca , 85 Sr/Ca , 52 Ba/Ca , 25 U/Ca , 29 P/Ca , and 14 Sr-isotope records. The database also has increased spatiotemporal coverage for stable oxygen (892) and carbon (620) isotope records compared with SISALv2 (which consists of 673 and 430 stable oxygen and carbon records, respectively). Additional meta information has been added to improve the machine-readability and filtering of data. Standardized chronologies are included for all new entities along with the originally published chronologies. Thus, the SISALv3 database constitutes a unique resource of speleothem palaeoclimate information that allows regional to global palaeoclimate analyses based on multiple geochemical proxies, permitting more robust interpretations of past hydroclimate and comparisons with isotope-enabled climate models and other Earth system and hydrological models. The database can be accessed at 10.5287/ora-2nanwp4rk (Kaushal et al., 2024). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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9. SISALv3: A global speleothem stable isotope and trace element database.

Author

Kaushal, Nikita, Lechleitner, Franziska A., Wilhelm, Micah, Bühler, Janica C., Braun, Kerstin, Brahim, Yassine Ait, Azennoud, Khalil, Baker, Andy, Burstyn, Yuval, Comas-Bru, Laia, Goldsmith, Yonaton, Harrison, Sandy P., Hatvani, István G., Rehfeld, Kira, Ritzau, Magdalena, Skiba, Vanessa, Stoll, Heather M., Szűcs, József G., Treble, Pauline C., and Azevedo, Vitor

Subjects
DATABASES, STABLE isotopes, TRACE elements, GEOCHEMICAL modeling, EVIDENCE gaps, CARBON isotopes, ALKALINE earth metals
Abstract

Paleoclimate information on multiple climate variables at different spatiotemporal scales is increasingly important to understand environmental and societal responses to climate change. A lack of high-quality reconstructions of past hydroclimate has recently been identified as a critical research gap. Speleothems, with their precise chronologies, widespread distribution, and ability to record changes in local to regional hydroclimate variability, are an ideal source of such information. Here we present a new version of the Speleothem Isotopes Synthesis and AnaLysis database (SISALv3), which has been expanded to include trace element ratios and Sr-isotopes as additional, hydroclimate-sensitive geochemical proxies. The oxygen and carbon isotope data included in previous versions of the database have been substantially expanded. SISALv3, contains speleothem data from 364 sites from across the globe, including 94 Mg/Ca, 83 Sr/Ca, 51 Ba/Ca, 25 U/Ca, 29 P/Ca and 14 Sr-isotope records. The database also has increased spatiotemporal coverage for stable oxygen (831) and carbon (588) isotope records compared to SISALv2. Additional meta information has been added to improve machine-readability and filtering of data. Standardized chronologies are included for all new entities together with the originally published chronologies. The SISALv3 database thus constitutes a unique resource of speleothem paleoclimate information that allows regional-to-global paleoclimate analyses based on multiple geochemical proxies, allowing more robust interpretations of past hydroclimate and comparisons with isotope-enabled climate models and other earth system and hydrological models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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10. Update to the SISAL speleothem database -- links to monitoring data, additional palaeoenvironmental proxies and enhanced accessibility

Author

Kaushal, Nikita, primary, Wilhelm, Micah, additional, Lechleitner, Franziska, additional, Braun, Kerstin, additional, Rehfeld, Kira, additional, Gabor Hatvani, Istvan, additional, Tanos, Peter, additional, Ritzau, Magdalena, additional, Skiba, Vanessa, additional, Azennoud, Khalil, additional, Gabor Szucs, Jozsef, additional, Kern, Zoltan, additional, Burstyn, Yuval, additional, and Ait Brahim, Yassine, additional

Published
2023
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14. Evaluating model outputs using integrated global speleothem records of climate change since the last glacial

Author

Comas-Bru, Laia, Harrison, Sandy P., Werner, Martin, Rehfeld, Kira, Scroxton, Nick, Veiga-Pires, Cristina, Ahmad, Syed Masood, Brahim, Yassine Ait, Mozhdehi, Sahar Amirnezhad, Arienzo, Monica, Atsawawaranunt, Kamolphat, Baker, Andy, Braun, Kerstin, Breitenbach, Sebastian, Burstyn, Yuval, Chawchai, Sakonvan, Columbu, Andrea, Deininger, Michael, Demeny, Attila, Dixon, Bronwyn, Hatvani, Istvan Gabor, Hu, Jun, Kaushal, Nikita, Kern, Zoltan, Labuhn, Inga, Lachniet, Matthew S., Lechleitner, Franziska A., Lorrey, Andrew, Markowska, Monika, Nehme, Carole, Novello, Valdir F., Oster, Jessica, Perez-Mejias, Carlos, Pickering, Robyn, Sekhon, Natasha, Wang, Xianfeng, Warken, Sophie, Atkinson, Tim, Ayalon, Avner, Baldini, James, Bar-Matthews, Miryam, Bernal, Juan Pablo, Boch, Ronny, Borsato, Andrea, Boyd, Meighan, Brierley, Chris, Cai, Yanjun, Carolin, Stacy, Cheng, Hai, Constantin, Silviu, Couchoud, Isabelle, Cruz, Francisco, Denniston, Rhawn, Dragusin, Virgil, Duan, Wuhui, Ersek, Vasile, Finné, Martin, Fleitmann, Dominik, Fohlmeister, Jens, Frappier, Amy, Genty, Dominique, Holzkamper, Steffen, Hopley, Philip, Johnston, Vanessa, Kathayat, Gayatri, Keenan-Jones, Duncan, Koltai, Gabriella, Li, Ting-Yong, Lone, Mahjoor Ahmad, Luetscher, Marc, Mattey, Dave, Moreno, Ana, Moseley, Gina, Psomiadis, David, Ruan, Jiaoyang, Scholz, Denis, Sha, Lijuan, Smith, Andrew Christopher, Strikis, Nicolas, Treble, Pauline, Unal-Imer, Ezgi, Vaks, Anton, Vansteenberge, Stef, Voarintsoa, Ny Riavo G., Wong, Corinne, Wortham, Barbara, Wurtzel, Jennifer, Zhang, Haiwei, Voarintsoa, Ny Riavo, Earth Observatory of Singapore, Comas-Bru L., Harrison S.P., Werner M., Rehfeld K., Scroxton N., Veiga-Pires C., Ahmad S.M., Brahim Y.A., Mozhdehi S.A., Arienzo M., Atsawawaranunt K., Baker A., Braun K., Breitenbach S., Burstyn Y., Chawchai S., Columbu A., Deininger M., Demeny A., Dixon B., Hatvani I.G., Hu J., Kaushal N., Kern Z., Labuhn I., Lachniet M.S., Lechleitner F.A., Lorrey A., Markowska M., Nehme C., Novello V.F., Oster J., Perez-Mejias C., Pickering R., Sekhon N., Wang X., Warken S., Atkinson T., Ayalon A., Baldini J., Bar-Matthews M., Bernal J.P., Boch R., Borsato A., Boyd M., Brierley C., Cai Y., Carolin S., Cheng H., Constantin S., Couchoud I., Cruz F., Denniston R., Dragusin V., Duan W., Ersek V., Finne M., Fleitmann D., Fohlmeister J., Frappier A., Genty D., Holzkamper S., Hopley P., Johnston V., Kathayat G., Keenan-Jones D., Koltai G., Li T.-Y., Lone M.A., Luetscher M., Mattey D., Moreno A., Moseley G., Psomiadis D., Ruan J., Scholz D., Sha L., Smith A.C., Strikis N., Treble P., Unal-Imer E., Vaks A., Vansteenberge S., Voarintsoa N.R.G., Wong C., Wortham B., Wurtzel J., and Zhang H.

Subjects
010506 paleontology, Climate Research, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, δ18O, lcsh:Environmental protection, Climate Change, Stratigraphy, Speleothem, Climate change, F800, PMIP4 CONTRIBUTION, Geology [Science], 01 natural sciences, Klimatforskning, STABLE-ISOTOPE VARIATIONS, lcsh:Environmental pollution, Time windows, ddc:550, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences, lcsh:TD169-171.8, Speleothem Records, GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL, ASIAN MONSOON, Glacial period, Geosciences, Multidisciplinary, DELTA-O-18 WATER ISOTOPE, Baseline (configuration management), lcsh:Environmental sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, lcsh:GE1-350, Global and Planetary Change, geography, Coupled model intercomparison project, Science & Technology, geography.geographical_feature_category, Paleontology, Geology, GROWTH FREQUENCY VARIATIONS, NORTH-ATLANTIC, OXYGEN-ISOTOPE, 13. Climate action, Climatology, lcsh:TD172-193.5, Physical Sciences, Spatial ecology, Environmental science, Institut für Geowissenschaften, ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION, HIGH-RESOLUTION
Abstract

Although quantitative isotope data from speleothems has been used to evaluate isotope-enabled model simulations, currently no consensus exists regarding the most appropriate methodology through which to achieve this. A number of modelling groups will be running isotope-enabled palaeoclimate simulations in the framework of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6, so it is timely to evaluate different approaches to using the speleothem data for data-model comparisons. Here, we illustrate this using 456 globally distributed speleothem delta O-18 records from an updated version of the Speleothem Isotopes Synthesis and Analysis (SISAL) database and palaeoclimate simulations generated using the ECHAM5-wiso isotope-enabled atmospheric circulation model. We show that the SISAL records reproduce the first-order spatial patterns of isotopic variability in the modern day, strongly supporting the application of this dataset for evaluating model-derived isotope variability into the past. However, the discontinuous nature of many speleothem records complicates the process of procuring large numbers of records if data-model comparisons are made using the traditional approach of comparing anomalies between a control period and a given palaeoclimate experiment. To circumvent this issue, we illustrate techniques through which the absolute isotope values during any time period could be used for model evaluation. Specifically, we show that speleothem isotope records allow an assessment of a model's ability to simulate spatial isotopic trends. Our analyses provide a protocol for using speleothem isotope data for model evaluation, including screening the observations to take into account the impact of speleothem mineralogy on delta O-18 values, the optimum period for the modern observational baseline and the selection of an appropriate time window for creating means of the isotope data for palaeo-time-slices. European Geosciences Union - W2017/413; Irish Centre for Research in Applied Geosciences (iCRAG); European Association of Geochemistry (Early Career Ambassadors program 2017); Quaternary Research Association UK; Navarino Environmental Observatory, Stockholm University; University College Dublin, Savillex (UK) - SF1428; Ibn Zohr University, Morocco; University of Reading; European Research Council - 694481; Natural Environment Research Council (JPI-Belmont project "PAleao-Constraints on Monsoon Evolution and Dynamics (PACMEDY)"); Geological Survey Ireland - 2017-SC-056; Royal Irish Academy; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft - RE3994/2-1; Past Global Changes (PAGES) programme; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Published
2019

18. Holocene wet episodes recorded by magnetic minerals in stalagmites from Soreq Cave, Israel.

Author

Burstyn, Yuval, Shaar, Ron, Keinan, Jonathan, Ebert, Yael, Ayalon, Avner, Bar-Matthews, Miryam, and Feinberg, Joshua M.

Subjects
*MINERALS, *BEDROCK, *RAINFALL anomalies, *HOLOCENE Epoch, *STALACTITES & stalagmites, *SPELEOTHEMS, *MAGNETIC particles
Abstract

This study demonstrates the feasibility of speleothem magnetism as a paleo-hydrology proxy in speleothems growing in semi-arid conditions. Soil-derived magnetic particles in speleothems retain valuable information on the physicochemical conditions of the overlying soil, and changes in bedrock hydrology. Yet, the link between magnetic and isotopic proxies of speleothems has been only partly established. We reveal strong coupling between the inflow of magnetic particles (quantified using the magnetic flux index, IRMflux) and δ13C in two Holocene speleothems from Soreq Cave (Israel). The stalagmite record spans from ca. 9.7 to ca. 5.4 ka, capturing the warm-humid conditions associated with the early Holocene and the transition to mid-Holocene wet-dry cycles. Extremely low IRMflux during the early Holocene, indicating minimal contribution from the overlying soil, is accompanied by anomalously high δ13C (approaching bedrock values) hypothesized to be caused by high rainfall and soil erosion. By contrast, IRMflux during the mid-Holocene covaries with the saw-tooth cyclicity of δ13C and δ18O, interpreted as rapid fluctuations in rainfall amount. The peaks in IRMflux precede the negative (wet) δ13C peaks by ~60-120 yr. The apparent lag is explained as a rapid physical translocation of overlying soil particles via groundwater (high IRMflux) as a response to increasing rainfall, compared with slower soil organic matter turnover rates (10-102 yr). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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20. The SISAL database

Author

Atsawawaranunt, Kamolphat, Comas-Bru, Laia, Mozhdehi, Sahar Amirnezhad, Deininger, Michael, Harrison, Sandy P., Baker, Andy, Boyd, Meighan, Kaushal, Nikita, Ahmad, Syed Masood, Brahim, Yassine Ait, Arienzo, Monica, Bajo, Petra, Braun, Kerstin, Burstyn, Yuval, Chawchai, Sakonvan, Duan, Wuhui, Hatvani, Istvan Gabor, Hu, Jun, Kern, Zoltan, Labuhn, Inga, Lachniet, Matthew, Lechleitner, Franziska A., Lorrey, Andrew, Perez-Mejias, Carlos, Pickering, Robyn, Scroxton, Nick, Atkinson, Tim, Ayalon, Avner, Baldini, James, Bar-Matthews, Miriam, Pablo Bernal, Juan, Breitenbach, Sebastian, Boch, Ronny, Borsato, Andrea, Cai, Yanjun, Carolin, Stacy, Cheng, Hai, Columbu, Andrea, Couchoud, Isabelle, Cruz, Francisco, Demeny, Attila, Dominguez-Villar, David, Dragusin, Virgil, Drysdale, Russell, Ersek, Vasile, Finne, Martin, Fleitmann, Dominik, Fohlmeister, Jens Bernd (Dr.), Frappier, Amy, Genty, Dominique, Holzkamper, Steffen, Hopley, Philip, Kathayat, Gayatri, Keenan-Jones, Duncan, Koltai, Gabriella, Luetscher, Marc, Li, Ting-Yong, Lone, Mahjoor Ahmad, Markowska, Monika, Mattey, Dave, McDermott, Frank, Moreno, Ana, Moseley, Gina, Nehme, Carole, Novello, Valdir F., Psomiadis, David, Rehfeld, Kira, Ruan, Jiaoyang, Sekhon, Natasha, Sha, Lijuan, Sholz, Denis, Shopov, Yavor, Smith, Andrew, Strikis, Nicolas, Treble, Pauline, Unal-Imer, Ezgi, Vaks, Anton, Vansteenberge, Stef, Veiga-Pires, Cristina, Voarintsoa, Ny Riavo, Wang, Xianfeng, Wong, Corinne, Wortham, Barbara, Wurtzel, Jennifer, and Zong, Baoyun

Subjects
ddc:550, Institut für Geowissenschaften
Abstract

Stable isotope records from speleothems provide information on past climate changes, most particularly information that can be used to reconstruct past changes in precipitation and atmospheric circulation. These records are increasingly being used to provide "out-of-sample" evaluations of isotope-enabled climate models. SISAL (Speleothem Isotope Synthesis and Analysis) is an international working group of the Past Global Changes (PAGES) project. The working group aims to provide a comprehensive compilation of speleothem isotope records for climate reconstruction and model evaluation. The SISAL database contains data for individual speleothems, grouped by cave system. Stable isotopes of oxygen and carbon (delta O-18, delta C-13) measurements are referenced by distance from the top or bottom of the speleothem. Additional tables provide information on dating, including information on the dates used to construct the original age model and sufficient information to assess the quality of each data set and to erect a standardized chronology across different speleothems. The metadata table provides location information, information on the full range of measurements carried out on each speleothem and information on the cave system that is relevant to the interpretation of the records, as well as citations for both publications and archived data.

Published
2018

21. The SISAL database: a global resource to document oxygen and carbon isotope records from speleothems

Author

Atsawawaranunt, Kamolphat, Comas-Bru, Laia, Amirnezhad Mozhdehi, Sahar, Deininger, Michael, Harrison, Sandy P., Baker, Andy, Boyd, Meighan, Kaushal, Nikita, Ahmad, Syed Masood, Ait Brahim, Yassine, Arienzo, Monica, Bajo, Petra, Braun, Kerstin, Burstyn, Yuval, Chawchai, Sakonvan, Duan, Wuhui, Hatvani, István Gábor, Hu, Jun, Kern, Zoltán, Labuhn, Inga, Lachniet, Matthew, Lechleitner, Franziska A., Lorrey, Andrew, Pérez-Mejías, Carlos, Pickering, Robyn, Scroxton, Nick, Atkinson, Tim, Ayalon, Avner, Baldini, James, Bar-Matthews, Miriam, Bernal, Juan Pablo, Breitenbach, Sebastian, Boch, Ronny, Borsato, Andrea, Cai, Yanjun, Carolin, Stacy, Cheng, Hai, Columbu, Andrea, Couchoud, Isabelle, Cruz, Francisco, Demény, Attila, Domínguez-Villar, David, Drăgusin, Virgil, Drysdale, Russell, Ersek, Vasile, Finné, Martin, Fleitmann, Dominik, Fohlmeister, Jens, Frappier, Amy, Genty, Dominique, Holzkämper, Steffen, Kathayat, Gayatri, Keenan-Jones, Duncan, Koltai, Gabriella, Luetscher, Marc, Li, Ting-Yong, Lone, Mahjoor Ahmad, Markowska, Monika, Mattey, Dave, McDermott, Frank, Moreno, Ana, Moseley, Gina, Nehme, Carole, Novello, Valdir F., Psomiadis, David, Rehfeld, Kirah, Ruan, Jiaoyang, Sekhon, Natasha, Sha, Lijuan, Scholz, Denis, Shopov, Yavor, Strikis, Nicolás, Treble, Pauline, Ünal-İmer, Ezgi, Vaks, Anton, Vansteenberge, Stef, Veiga-Pires, Cristina, Voarintsoa, Ny Riavo, Wang, Xianfeng, Wong, Corinne, Wortham, Barbara, Wurtzel, Jennifer, and Zong, Baoyun

Abstract

Stable isotope records from speleothems provide information on past climate changes, most particularly information that can be used to reconstruct past changes in precipitation and atmospheric circulation. These records are increasingly being used to provide “out-of-sample” evaluations of isotope-enabled climate models. SISAL (Speleothem Isotope Synthesis and Analysis) is an international working group of the Past Global Changes (PAGES) project. The working group aims to provide a comprehensive compilation of speleothem isotope records for climate reconstruction and model evaluation. The SISAL database contains data for individual speleothems, grouped by cave system. Stable isotopes of oxygen and carbon (δ18O, δ13C) measurements are referenced by distance from the top or bottom of the speleothem. Additional tables provide information on dating, including information on the dates used to construct the original age model and sufficient information to assess the quality of each data set and to erect a standardized chronology across different speleothems. The metadata table provides location information, information on the full range of measurements carried out on each speleothem and information on the cave system that is relevant to the interpretation of the records, as well as citations for both publications and archived data. The compiled data are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.17864/1947.147 .

Published
2018

24. The SISAL database: a global resource to document oxygen and carbon isotope records from speleothems

Author

Atsawawaranunt, Kamolphat, Comas-Bru, Laia, Mozhdehi, Sahar Amirnezhad, Deininger, Michael, Harrison, Sandy P., Baker, Andy, Boyd, Meighan, Kaushal, Nikita, Ahmad, Syed Masood, Brahim, Yassine Ait, Arienzo, Monica, Bajo, Petra, Braun, Kerstin, Burstyn, Yuval, Chawchai, Sakonvan, Duan, Wuhui, Hatvani, Istvan Gabor, Hu, Jun, Kern, Zoltan, Labuhn, Inga, Lachniet, Matthew, Lechleitner, Franziska A., Lorrey, Andrew, Perez-Mejias, Carlos, Pickering, Robyn, Scroxton, Nick, Atkinson, Tim, Ayalon, Avner, Baldini, James, Bar-Matthews, Miriam, Pablo Bernal, Juan, Breitenbach, Sebastian, Boch, Ronny, Borsato, Andrea, Cai, Yanjun, Carolin, Stacy, Cheng, Hai, Columbu, Andrea, Couchoud, Isabelle, Cruz, Francisco, Demeny, Attila, Dominguez-Villar, David, Dragusin, Virgil, Drysdale, Russell, Ersek, Vasile, Finné, Martin, Fleitmann, Dominik, Fohlmeister, Jens, Frappier, Amy, Genty, Dominique, Holzkamper, Steffen, Hopley, Philip, Kathayat, Gayatri, Keenan-Jones, Duncan, Koltai, Gabriella, Luetscher, Marc, Li, Ting-Yong, Lone, Mahjoor Ahmad, Markowska, Monika, Mattey, Dave, McDermott, Frank, Moreno, Ana, Moseley, Gina, Nehme, Carole, Novello, Valdir F., Psomiadis, David, Rehfeld, Kira, Ruan, Jiaoyang, Sekhon, Natasha, Sha, Lijuan, Sholz, Denis, Shopov, Yavor, Smith, Andrew, Strikis, Nicolas, Treble, Pauline, Unal-Imer, Ezgi, Vaks, Anton, Vansteenberge, Stef, Veiga-Pires, Cristina, Voarintsoa, Ny Riavo, Wang, Xianfeng, Wong, Corinne, Wortham, Barbara, Wurtzel, Jennifer, Zong, Baoyun, Veiga-Pires, C., Atsawawaranunt, Kamolphat, Comas-Bru, Laia, Amirnezhad Mozhdehi, Sahar, Deininger, Michael, Harrison, Sandy P., Baker, Andy, Boyd, Meighan, Kaushal, Nikita, Ahmad, Syed Masood, Ait Brahim, Yassine, Arienzo, Monica, Bajo, Petra, Braun, Kerstin, Burstyn, Yuval, Chawchai, Sakonvan, Duan, Wuhui, Hatvani, István Gábor, Hu, Jun, Kern, Zoltán, Labuhn, Inga, Lachniet, Matthew, Lechleitner, Franziska A., Lorrey, Andrew, Pérez-Mejías, Carlo, Pickering, Robyn, Scroxton, Nick, and Tim Atkinso, Avner Ayalon, James Baldini, Miriam Bar-Matthews, Juan Pablo Bernal, Sebastian Breitenbach, Ronny Boch, Andrea Borsato, Yanjun Cai, Stacy Carolin, Hai Cheng, Andrea Columbu, Isabelle Couchoud, Francisco Cruz, Attila Demény, David Dominguez-Villar, Virgil Dragusin, Russell Drysdale, Vasile Ersek, Martin Finné, Dominik Fleitmann, Jens Fohlmeister, Amy Frappier, Dominique Genty, Steffen Holzkämper, Philip Hopley, Gayatri Kathayat, Duncan Keenan-Jones, Gabriella Koltai, Marc Luetscher, Ting-Yong Li

Subjects
010506 paleontology, Climate Research, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Climate change, Speleothem, F800, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, computer.software_genre, 01 natural sciences, Klimatforskning, Cave, Paleoclimatology, lcsh:Environmental sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, lcsh:GE1-350, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Database, Stable isotope ratio, speleothems, PALEOCLIMATOLOGIA, lcsh:QE1-996.5, lcsh:Geology, Metadata, 13. Climate action, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, Climate model, computer, Chronology
Abstract

Stable isotope records from speleothems provide information on past climate changes, most particularly information that can be used to reconstruct past changes in precipitation and atmospheric circulation. These records are increasingly being used to provide “out-of-sample” evaluations of isotope-enabled climate models. SISAL (Speleothem Isotope Synthesis and Analysis) is an international working group of the Past Global Changes (PAGES) project. The working group aims to provide a comprehensive compilation of speleothem isotope records for climate reconstruction and model evaluation. The SISAL database contains data for individual speleothems, grouped by cave system. Stable isotopes of oxygen and carbon (δ18O, δ13C) measurements are referenced by distance from the top or bottom of the speleothem. Additional tables provide information on dating, including information on the dates used to construct the original age model and sufficient information to assess the quality of each data set and to erect a standardized chronology across different speleothems. The metadata table provides location information, information on the full range of measurements carried out on each speleothem and information on the cave system that is relevant to the interpretation of the records, as well as citations for both publications and archived data. The compiled data are available at https://doi.org/10.17864/1947.147.

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25. Speleothems from the Eastern Mediterranean, Arabian Peninsula and Fertile Crescent: Water Limited Environments in the SISAL Database.

Author

Burstyn, Yuval, Martrat, Belen, Deininger, Michael, Lopez, Jordi F., Iriarte, Eneko, Jacobson, Matthew, Lone, Mahjoor Ahmad, Amirnezhad-Mozhdehi, Sahar, and Comas-Bru, Laia

Subjects
*SPELEOTHEMS, *CLIMATE change, *MEDITERRANEAN climate, *TIME series analysis, *OXYGEN isotopes, *STABLE isotopes, *GLOBAL warming
Abstract

The Middle East presents one of the most complicated and heterogeneous climate settings forits size. The region spans the transition between temperate Mediterranean climate in theLevant to hyper-arid sub-tropical deserts in the south, with complex alpine topography in thenortheast feeding the Euphrates and Tigris rivers which supports life in the southeastern FertilCrescent. Climate projections predict severe drying in major parts of the Middle East inresponse to global warming with a considerable impact for society. In the past, climatereconstructions and archaeological excavations suggest that changes in the regionalhydroclimate was a primary driver in human expansions out of Africa, the Neolithicrevolution, and the development of the first complex societies. This highlights the importanceof understanding both past and future climate perturbation in the Middle East. Region-scaleanalysis can be achieved by making use of large spatio-temporal networks of terrestrial (andaquatic) geological climate archives, where each dataset can potentially provide paleoclimateinformation on local, regional and global climate events. Such reconstructions shouldimprove our understanding of past variations in the hydro-climate of the MiddleEast. We discuss 21 Middle East (EM) speleothem stable oxygen isotope (δ18O)records from 14 sites that are in the SISAL_v11 database. These include sites inLebanon, Israel, The West Bank, Arabia, and parts of Turkey. Ultimately, the availablespeleothem δ18O time series are investigated during the Holocene by applying astandardization technique to identify common trends in the δ18O time series. Changes inspeleothem δ18O values from this region primarily indicate changes in past precipitationamounts. Accordingly, common trends in ME speleothem δ18O time series reflect pastregional climate changes associated with variations in the main synoptic pattern in theregion, Mediterranean cyclones. The standardization technique calculates the medianand the 25% and 75% quantile of a time window (bin) of the normalized δ18Otime series. To identify trends on different time scales (Holocene to millennial) andto test the reliability of the standardization technique for speleothem δ18O timeseries we vary the length of the bins. Furthermore, we show the potential of thestandardization technique to resolve abrupt climatic oscillations, such as the 4.2 kyror 8.2 kyr events. The common trends in the standardized time-series for the EMspeleothem records is then tested against Mediterranean archives. For example,pronounced isotopic signals on the Middle East speleothems trace the occurrence ofpast sapropels (10.8-6.1 and 126-121 ka), in line with their marine imprint, whichoccurs when specific interplay of monsoonal/Atlantic/Arctic climatic systems takesplace^2. Finally, recommendations for future speleothem-based research are given, on one hand,making use of the SISAL database and on the other hand by the identification of potentialregions for the generation of new speleothem proxy time series. 1. Atsawawaranunt, K. et al. Earth Syst. Sci. Data 10, 1687-1713,doi:10.5194/essd-10-1687-2018 (2018). 2. Martrat, B., et al. Quaternary Science Reviews 99,122-134, doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.06.016 (2014). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019

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