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Agricultural production as the primary economic activity depends on a number of natural and social factors. One of the natural factors that significantly affects the cultivation and production of crops is climate. This paper examines the agroclimatic conditions of the Niš Valley, as an essential prerequisite for the selection of economically viable crops. For the purpose of the analysis, the data on the precipitation and air temperature from the meteorological station Niš from 1951 to 2010 were used. The data were used to determine the detailed agroclimatic indicators and to define the vegetative season for different temperature thresholds and thereby establish better conditions for agricultural production of certain crops. The analysis in the paper is divided for two thirty-year periods (1951-1980 and 1981-2010) in order to determine the trend of climatic changes and thus contribute to the planning and improvement of agricultural production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]