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The formation of dental caries is the most common chronic disease in children, and is preventable. The oral health-related quality of life has an immense impact on an individual's daily functioning, well-being or overall quality of life.This study aims to investigate the cost effectiveness of the Dental RECUR Brief Negotiated Interview for Oral Health (DR-BNI). This 30-minute therapeutic "talk" by a dental nurse with a parent/guardian was compared with a placebo-controlled intervention in preventing reoccurrence of dental caries in children who have had a primary tooth extracted.An economic model was developed to simulate the clinical progression of dental caries among children who have previously had a primary tooth extracted. The analysis was conducted using the UK NHS perspective. The main outcome was the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) based on the quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). Estimates of costs and probabilities were obtained from the DR-BNI multicentre randomised controlled trial (RCT), while QALY values were obtained from published literature. Univariate and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the uncertainty of the result and robustness of the model. Affordability and risk-aversion of the intervention were investigated to help decision makers make the best possible choices.With an intervention cost of £6.47, the results from the RCT showed the healthcare cost for the DR-BNI intervention was £115.90 per child while the control had a healthcare cost of £119.46 per child. The QALYs gained for the prevention of reoccurrence of dental caries was higher in the DR-BNI intervention arm by 0.023 QALYs; thus, the DR-BNI was the dominant intervention. At willingness to pay threshold of £3500/QALY gained, a maximum probability of being cost effectiveness is achieved at 86%. The secondary analysis showed a cost-savings of £20.94 per participant for the prevention of at least one filling or extraction. Affordability results showed that the DR-BNI programme is affordable to the UK health system at a moderately low budget.This study shows the proactive talking intervention to have a very moderate cost and to be effective in providing better health related quality-of-life gains. The intervention is cost savings with a dominant ICER even with a 200% increase in the cost of intervention. The NHS will be providing better oral health for children at a better net monetary benefit-to-risk ratio by adopting the DR-BNI intervention in preventing the reoccurrence of dental fillings and extractions for each participant.This trial was registered prospectively on 27th September 2013 with the trial registration number ISRCTN 24958829.

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-3-jrs-10.1177_01410768231182389 for COVID-19 risk mitigation in reopening mass cultural events: population-based observational study for the UK Events Research Programme in Liverpool City Region by Girvan Burnside, Christopher P Cheyne, Gary Leeming, Michael Humann, Alistair Darby, Mark A Green, Alexander Crozier, Simon Maskell, Kay O’Halloran, Elena Musi, Elinor Carmi, Naila Khan, Debra Fisher, Rhiannon Corcoran, Jake Dunning, W John Edmunds, Kukatharmini Tharmaratnam, David M Hughes, Liora Malki-Epshtein, Malcolm Cook, Ben M Roberts, Eileen Gallagher, Kate Howell, Meera Chand, Robin Kemp, Matthew Boulter, Tom Fowler, Malcolm G Semple, Emer Coffey, Matt Ashton, The COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK) Consortium, Marta García-Fiñana and Iain E Buchan in Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-4-jrs-10.1177_01410768231182389 for COVID-19 risk mitigation in reopening mass cultural events: population-based observational study for the UK Events Research Programme in Liverpool City Region by Girvan Burnside, Christopher P Cheyne, Gary Leeming, Michael Humann, Alistair Darby, Mark A Green, Alexander Crozier, Simon Maskell, Kay O’Halloran, Elena Musi, Elinor Carmi, Naila Khan, Debra Fisher, Rhiannon Corcoran, Jake Dunning, W John Edmunds, Kukatharmini Tharmaratnam, David M Hughes, Liora Malki-Epshtein, Malcolm Cook, Ben M Roberts, Eileen Gallagher, Kate Howell, Meera Chand, Robin Kemp, Matthew Boulter, Tom Fowler, Malcolm G Semple, Emer Coffey, Matt Ashton, The COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK) Consortium, Marta García-Fiñana and Iain E Buchan in Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-2-jrs-10.1177_01410768231182389 for COVID-19 risk mitigation in reopening mass cultural events: population-based observational study for the UK Events Research Programme in Liverpool City Region by Girvan Burnside, Christopher P Cheyne, Gary Leeming, Michael Humann, Alistair Darby, Mark A Green, Alexander Crozier, Simon Maskell, Kay O’Halloran, Elena Musi, Elinor Carmi, Naila Khan, Debra Fisher, Rhiannon Corcoran, Jake Dunning, W John Edmunds, Kukatharmini Tharmaratnam, David M Hughes, Liora Malki-Epshtein, Malcolm Cook, Ben M Roberts, Eileen Gallagher, Kate Howell, Meera Chand, Robin Kemp, Matthew Boulter, Tom Fowler, Malcolm G Semple, Emer Coffey, Matt Ashton, The COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK) Consortium, Marta García-Fiñana and Iain E Buchan in Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-6-jrs-10.1177_01410768231182389 for COVID-19 risk mitigation in reopening mass cultural events: population-based observational study for the UK Events Research Programme in Liverpool City Region by Girvan Burnside, Christopher P Cheyne, Gary Leeming, Michael Humann, Alistair Darby, Mark A Green, Alexander Crozier, Simon Maskell, Kay O’Halloran, Elena Musi, Elinor Carmi, Naila Khan, Debra Fisher, Rhiannon Corcoran, Jake Dunning, W John Edmunds, Kukatharmini Tharmaratnam, David M Hughes, Liora Malki-Epshtein, Malcolm Cook, Ben M Roberts, Eileen Gallagher, Kate Howell, Meera Chand, Robin Kemp, Matthew Boulter, Tom Fowler, Malcolm G Semple, Emer Coffey, Matt Ashton, The COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK) ConsortiumMarta García-Fiñana and Iain E Buchan in Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-5-jrs-10.1177_01410768231182389 for COVID-19 risk mitigation in reopening mass cultural events: population-based observational study for the UK Events Research Programme in Liverpool City Region by Girvan Burnside, Christopher P Cheyne, Gary Leeming, Michael Humann, Alistair Darby, Mark A Green, Alexander Crozier, Simon Maskell, Kay O’Halloran, Elena Musi, Elinor Carmi, Naila Khan, Debra Fisher, Rhiannon Corcoran, Jake Dunning, W John Edmunds, Kukatharmini Tharmaratnam, David M Hughes, Liora Malki-Epshtein, Malcolm Cook, Ben M Roberts, Eileen Gallagher, Kate Howell, Meera Chand, Robin Kemp, Matthew Boulter, Tom Fowler, Malcolm G Semple, Emer Coffey, Matt Ashton, The COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK) Consortium, Marta García-Fiñana and Iain E Buchan in Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-jrs-10.1177_01410768231182389 for COVID-19 risk mitigation in reopening mass cultural events: population-based observational study for the UK Events Research Programme in Liverpool City Region by Girvan Burnside, Christopher P Cheyne, Gary Leeming, Michael Humann, Alistair Darby, Mark A Green, Alexander Crozier, Simon Maskell, Kay O’Halloran, Elena Musi, Elinor Carmi, Naila Khan, Debra Fisher, Rhiannon Corcoran, Jake Dunning, W John Edmunds, Kukatharmini Tharmaratnam, David M Hughes, Liora Malki-Epshtein, Malcolm Cook, Ben M Roberts, Eileen Gallagher, Kate Howell, Meera Chand, Robin Kemp, Matthew Boulter, Tom Fowler, Malcolm G Semple, Emer Coffey, Matt Ashton, The COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK) Consortium, Marta García-Fiñana and Iain E Buchan in Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine