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In the UK museums (29%), gardens (38%) and historic buildings (27%) are the most visited attractions, yet admissions revenue is often insufficient for operational costs and long-term repair and investment costs. With the UK events sector worth £42.3 billion annually historic buildings are in a unique position to use events to generate income and raise awareness. However, the management of events within the heritage setting is complex, contextually informed and contested by stakeholders while operators manage the competing issues of conservation, access and revenue generation. Through ten detailed semi-structured interviews this study explores the way in which knowledge is gathered and embedded to professionalise event management practices within the heritage tourism sector. Building on the work of Garvin (1993) and Brine & Feather (2010) a model is evolved to explain how knowledge is gained, embedded and shared across the heritage sector.

The current study examined associations between preconception diagnoses of major depressive disorder (MDD) and anxiety disorders in adolescence and young adulthood and perinatal depression and anxiety symptoms in early fatherhood. In an Australian community cohort study of health and development, earlier history of MDD and anxiety disorders (extending back to adolescence) were assessed retrospectively in the third trimester of pregnancy via the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Paternal perinatal depression and anxiety were then assessed prospectively over three timepoints (third trimester of pregnancy, 8 weeks and 12 months postpartum), using established cut-points on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (anxiety subscale). Mixed-effects regression models examined risk associations between preconception diagnoses of MDD and anxiety disorders, and perinatal depression and anxiety symptoms at each timepoint, adjusting for socio-demographic factors and concurrent maternal mental health difficulties. The odds of clinically concerning levels of paternal perinatal depression and anxiety were 6-fold and 4-fold higher, respectively, in men with a preconception history of MDD. The odds of perinatal depression were 3-fold higher in men with a preconception history of an anxiety disorder. Less evidence was found for an association between preconception diagnoses of an anxiety disorder and perinatal anxiety in fathers. Interventions aimed at improving mental health in men during adolescence and young adulthood may promote continued psychological health in men during early fatherhood.

Summary of recommendations and levels of evidence: Chapter 2: Screening and assessment for unhealthy alcohol use Screening Screening for unhealthy alcohol use and appropriate interventions should be implemented in general practice (Level A), hospitals (Level B), emergency departments and community health and welfare settings (Level C). Quantity–frequency measures can detect consumption that exceeds levels in the current Australian guidelines (Level B). The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) is the most effective screening tool and is recommended for use in primary care and hospital settings. For screening in the general community, the AUDIT-C is a suitable alternative (Level A). Indirect biological markers should be used as an adjunct to screening (Level A), and direct measures of alcohol in breath and/or blood can be useful markers of recent use (Level B). Assessment Assessment should include evaluation of alcohol use and its effects, physical examination, clinical investigations and collateral history taking (Level C). Assessment for alcohol-related physical problems, mental health problems and social support should be undertaken routinely (GPP). Where there are concerns regarding the safety of the patient or others, specialist consultation is recommended (Level C). Assessment should lead to a clear, mutually acceptable treatment plan which specifies interventions to meet the patient’s needs (Level D). Sustained abstinence is the optimal outcome for most patients with alcohol dependence (Level C). Chapter 3: Caring for and managing patients with alcohol problems: interventions, treatments, relapse prevention, aftercare, and long term follow-up Brief interventions Brief motivational interviewing interventions are more effective than no treatment for people who consume alcohol at risky levels (Level A). Their effectiveness compared with standard care or alternative psychosocial interventions varies by treatment setting. They are most effective in prim

Aim: To explore the oral care experiences of palliative care patients and of those who support or deliver oral care to these patients: nurses, doctors, dentists, their relatives and carers. Data Sources: An electronic search of the databases included: Embase, MEDLINE, DOSS, AMED and PsycINFO was performed. Data selection: Six articles were included in the final synthesis. Data extraction: Thematic analysis was applied by two researchers. Data synthesis: Three themes were identified: 'performing oral care', 'effects on oral health' and 'challenges in palliative care'. Conclusions: Despite similarities of oral care experiences, this review identified some differences, crucially in terms of the wider impact of oral symptoms, namely social interactions with others and challenges to oral care.This confirms the need to investigate these topics further in relation to different stakeholders, such as nurses; and to have consistent guidance to facilitate the provision of effective oral care to palliative care patients.