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As schools attempt to address the needs of an ever more diverse student population, many have turned to intensive interventions to improve reading performance. Reading First grants from the United States Department of Education encouraged schools to implement evidence-based instructional practices in elementary schools. However, for many schools, implementation of Reading First and other intensive data-driven reading initiatives has not included students considered to have significant disabilities or has led to increased pull-out or separate remediation services. We consider how Reading First efforts can be integrated into a rich, inclusive education program for all students, including those considered to have the most significant disabilities. We discuss how schools can creatively utilize staff and scheduling to maximize push-in support and encourage interdisciplinary and data-driven problem solving to provide meaningful guidance for reading instruction for the benefit of all students.

This paper describes the historical background of the Consensus Standards for Postgraduate Medical Fellowships in Alcoholism and Drug Abuse, developed for the American Academy of Psychiatrists in Alcoholism and Addictions and the Association for Medical Education and Research in Substance Abuse. These standards were prepared by a National Advisory Committee of the Center for Medical Fellowships in Alcoholism and Drug Abuse, which includes 23 leading figures in academic medical training in the addiction field. The standards define general information, facilities and resources, the educational program, and the specific knowledge and skills appropriate to fellowship training. The standards were designed to provide a model for optimal training for residency affiliated fellowships to be used by faculty, trainees, and organizations setting training standards., Only in recent years has the medical profession come to recognize substance abuse as a medical problem rather than a moral issue. The growth and success of Alcoholics Anonymous has played an important role in convincing physicians to view alcoholism as a disease. This new view of addiction has led to specialized training for physicians in the field of alcoholism and drug abuse. This training usually occurs after the individual has finished an accredited residency program in a medical specialty, thus the alcoholism and drug abuse curriculum is considered a subspecialty. In 1989, there were 34 residency-affiliated fellowship programs in this subspecialty, and most had only been in existence for several years. In this article, the Consensus Standards for Postgraduate Medical Fellowships in Alcoholism and Drug Abuse are described; these standards were developed by experts in the medical aspects of addiction who served on the National Advisory Committee of the Center for Medical Fellowships in Alcoholism and Drug Abuse. Aspects of the fellowship programs that are addressed in these standards include facilities, resources, educational objectives, and the skills and knowledge to be attained by participants. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.), INTRODUCTION Until recently, there has been limited recognition by the medical community of the legitimacy of substance abuse as a specialized area of treatment. Indeed, it was only in 1972 [...]

Discusses the relationship between nursing and primary health care. Support of nurses for village health worker programs; Role of nursing professionals in promoting welfare improvements; Cooperation between nurses and traditional health attendants. INSET: Primary health care checklist for nursing.

To limit introduction of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the United States restricted travel from China on February 2, 2020, and from Europe on March 13. To determine whether local transmission of SARS-CoV-2 could be detected, the New York City (NYC) Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DOHMH) conducted deidentified sentinel surveillance at six NYC hospital emergency departments (EDs) during March 1-20. On March 8, while testing availability for SARS-CoV-2 was still limited, DOHMH announced sustained community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 (1). At this time, twenty-six NYC residents had confirmed COVID-19, and ED visits for influenza-like illness* increased, despite decreased influenza virus circulation. † The following week, on March 15, when only seven of the 56 (13%) patients with known exposure histories had exposure outside of NYC, the level of community SARS-CoV-2 transmission status was elevated from sustained community transmission to widespread community transmission (2). Through sentinel surveillance during March 1-20, DOHMH collected 544 specimens from patients with influenza-like symptoms (ILS) § who had negative test results for influenza and, in some instances, other respiratory pathogens. ¶ All 544 specimens were tested for SARS-CoV-2 at CDC; 36 (6.6%) tested positive. Using genetic sequencing, CDC determined that the sequences of most SARS-CoV-2-positive specimens resembled those circulating in Europe, suggesting probable introductions of SARS-CoV-2 from Europe, from other U.S. locations, and local introductions from within New York. These findings demonstrate that partnering with health care facilities and developing the systems needed for rapid implementation of sentinel surveillance, coupled with capacity for genetic sequencing before an outbreak, can help inform timely containment and mitigation strategies., Competing Interests: All authors have completed and submitted the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors form for disclosure of potential conflicts of interest. Wendy Szymczak reports personal fees from Qiagen, outside the submitted work. Lars Westblade reports grants from Accelerate Diagnostics, Inc., Affinity Biosensors, LLC, BioFire Diagnostics, LLC, and Hardy Diagnostics; grants and personal fees from Roche Molecular Systems, Inc.; and personal fees from Shionogi, Inc. No other potential conflicts of interest were disclosed.