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160 results on '"Burkhalter, Kristen L"'

1. Heartland Virus Infection in Elderly Patient Initially Suspected of Having Ehrlichiosis, North Carolina, USA

Author

Barbarin, Alexis M., Fisher, Teresa G., Reiskind, Michael H., Williams, Carl, Ayres, Bryan N., Burkhalter, Kristen L., and Nicholson, William L.

Subjects
Diagnosis, Distribution, Care and treatment, Company distribution practices, Tick-borne diseases -- Diagnosis -- Care and treatment -- Distribution, Ehrlichiosis -- Diagnosis -- Care and treatment -- Distribution
Abstract

Ehrlichia chaffeensis and E. ewingii are tickborne intracellular bacteria that cause human ehrlichiosis (1). In the United States, ehrlichiosis occurs primarily in south-central, southeastern, and mid-Atlantic states. In 2019, nearly [...]

Published
2024
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2. Fatal Case of Heartland Virus Disease Acquired in the Mid-Atlantic Region, United States

Author

Liu, Sichen, Kannan, Suraj, Meeks, Monica, Sanchez, Sandra, Girone, Kyle W., Broyhill, James C., Martines, Roosecelis Brasil, Bernick, Joshua, Flammia, Lori, Murphy, Julia, Hills, Susan L., Burkhalter, Kristen L., Laven, Janeen J., Gaines, David, and Hoffmann, Christopher J.

Subjects
Diagnosis, Care and treatment, Development and progression, Tick-borne diseases -- Development and progression -- Care and treatment, Comorbidity -- Diagnosis -- Care and treatment
Abstract

Heartland virus (HRTV) is a bandavirus spread by Amblyomma americanum (lone star) ticks in the midwestern and southern United States (1). Many cases of HRTV infection have been characterized by [...]

Published
2023
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3. Heartland Virus in Humans and Ticks, Illinois, USA, 2018-2019

Author

Tuten, Holly C., Burkhalter, Kristen L., Noel, Kylee R., Hernandez, Erica J., Yates, Seth, Wojnowski, Keith, Hartleb, John, Debosik, Samantha, Holmes, April, and Stone, Christopher M.

Subjects
Diseases, Bites (Injuries), Infection, Zoonoses
Abstract

Heartland virus (HRTV), a phlebovirus in the order Bunyavirales, is an emerging zoonotic pathogen. In 2009, after 2 cases were identified in persons in Missouri, additional cases were subsequently reported [...]

Published
2020
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6. Co-circulation of West Nile virus variants, Arizona, USA, 2010

Author

Plante, Jessica A., Burkhalter, Kristen L., Mann, Brian R., Godsey, Jr., Marvin S., Mutebi, John-Paul, and Beasley, David W.C.

Subjects
Identification and classification, Distribution, Research, Company distribution practices, Disease transmission -- Research, Genetic variation -- Research, West Nile virus -- Identification and classification -- Distribution -- Research
Abstract

West Nile virus (WNV) emerged in the Americas in 1999 after an outbreak of neuroinvasive disease in humans, birds, and horses in New York, New York. The virus spread rapidly [...]

Published
2014
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10. West Nile virus transmission in resident birds, Dominican Republic

Author

Komar, Oliver, Robbins, Mark B., Klenk, Kaci, Blitvich, Bradley J., Marlene, Nicole L., Burkhalter, Kristen L., Gubler, Duane J., Gonzalvez, Guillermo, Pena, Carlos J., Peterson, A. Townsend, and Komar, Nicholas

Subjects
Research, Surveys, West Nile virus -- Research -- Surveys
Abstract

We report West Nile virus (WNV) activity in the Dominican Republic for the first time, Specific anti-WNV antibodies were detected in 5 (15%) of 33 resident birds sampled at one [...]

Published
2003

11. Genomic characterization of 99 viruses from the bunyavirus families Nairoviridae, Peribunyaviridae, and Phenuiviridae, including 35 previously unsequenced viruses

Author

Kapuscinski, Marylee L., primary, Bergren, Nicholas A., additional, Russell, Brandy J., additional, Lee, Justin S., additional, Borland, Erin M., additional, Hartman, Daniel A., additional, King, David C., additional, Hughes, Holly R., additional, Burkhalter, Kristen L., additional, Kading, Rebekah C., additional, and Stenglein, Mark D., additional

Published
2021
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12. Powassan Virus Infection Likely Acquired Through Blood Transfusion Presenting as Encephalitis in a Kidney Transplant Recipient

Author

Taylor, Lindsay, primary, Condon, Taryn, additional, Destrampe, Eric M, additional, Brown, Jennifer A, additional, McGavic, Jeanette, additional, Gould, Carolyn V, additional, Chambers, Trudy V, additional, Kosoy, Olga I, additional, Burkhalter, Kristen L, additional, Annambhotla, Pallavi, additional, Basavaraju, Sridhar V, additional, Groves, Jamel, additional, Osborn, Rebecca A, additional, Weiss, John, additional, Stramer, Susan L, additional, and Misch, Elizabeth A, additional

Published
2020
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14. Detection of Zika virus in desiccated mosquitoes by real-time reverse transcription PCR and plaque assay

Author

Burkhalter, Kristen L. and Savage, Harry M.

Subjects
Usage, Research, Polymerase chain reaction -- Usage, Mosquitoes -- Research, Zika virus -- Research
Abstract

Laboratory detection of Zika virus in field-collected mosquitoes is often accomplished by using molecular methods, such as reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) or virus isolation protocols. Sample handling conditions recommended for [...]

Published
2017
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15. Rapid West Nile virus antigen detection

Author

Panella, Nicholas A., Burkhalter, Kristen L., Langevin, Stanley, A., Brault, Aaron C., Schooley, Lynn M., Biggerstaff, Brad J., Nasci, Roger S., and Komar, Nicholas

Subjects
West Nile virus -- Diagnosis, West Nile virus -- Health aspects, Viral antigens -- Health aspects
Abstract

We compared the VecTest WNV antigen assay with standard methods of West Nile virus (WNV) detection in swabs from American Crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos) and House Sparrows (Passer domesticus). The VecTest [...]

Published
2005

16. Powassan Virus Infection Likely Acquired Through Blood Transfusion Presenting as Encephalitis in a Kidney Transplant Recipient.

Author

Taylor, Lindsay, Condon, Taryn, Destrampe, Eric M, Brown, Jennifer A, McGavic, Jeanette, Gould, Carolyn V, Chambers, Trudy V, Kosoy, Olga I, Burkhalter, Kristen L, Annambhotla, Pallavi, Basavaraju, Sridhar V, Groves, Jamel, Osborn, Rebecca A, Weiss, John, Stramer, Susan L, and Misch, Elizabeth A

Subjects
ENCEPHALITIS, BLOOD transfusion, KIDNEY transplantation, FLAVIVIRAL diseases, TRANSPLANTATION of organs, tissues, etc., DISEASE risk factors
Abstract

A kidney transplant patient without known tick exposure developed encephalitis 3 weeks after transplantation. During the transplant hospitalization, the patient had received a blood transfusion from an asymptomatic donor later discovered to have been infected with Powassan virus. Here, we describe a probable instance of transfusion-transmitted Powassan virus infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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17. Use of Mosquitoes to Indirectly Assess West Nile Virus Activity among Colonial Waterbirds.

Author

Felix, Todd A., Young, Ginger, Panella, Nicholas A., Burkhalter, Kristen L., and Komar, Nicholas

Subjects
WEST Nile virus, COLONIAL birds, WEST Nile fever, WATER birds, MOSQUITOES, BIRD nests
Abstract

West Nile virus activity was evaluated within an island waterbird nesting colony with > 1,250 birds at Riverside Reservoir, Weld County, Colorado, USA. To avoid disturbance of nesting birds, blood-engorged mosquitoes (Culex tarsalis) were used to sample blood indirectly from birds rather than capturing, sampling, and releasing live birds. Local virus activity was confirmed by West Nile virus-positive feather samples from 26% of 46 carcasses collected during monthly visits to the colony from June to September 2009, including American White Pelican (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos; n = 7), California Gull (Larus californicus; n = 1), Snowy Egret (Egretta thula; n = 2), and Cattle Egret (Bubulcus ibis; n = 2). Of 22 blood-engorged mosquitoes collected and the blood meal host identified to species, one West Nile virus infection was detected (putatively from a Snowy Egret), and West Nile virus-specific antibodies were detected in eight samples: Snowy Egret (n = 5), Great Blue Heron (Ardea herodias; n = 2), and American White Pelican (n = 1). The engorgement rate of female Culex tarsalis at the nesting colony was 34%, sixfold higher than that at a nearby mainland site of 5.3%. The utilization of mosquitoes for sampling blood from wild animals may have broader application, and potentially reduce human disturbance of sensitive nesting bird species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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24. Surveillance for Tick-Borne Viruses Near the Location of a Fatal Human Case of Bourbon Virus (Family Orthomyxoviridae: Genus Thogotovirus) in Eastern Kansas, 2015

Author

Savage, Harry M, primary, Godsey, Marvin S, additional, Panella, Nicholas A, additional, Burkhalter, Kristen L, additional, Manford, Justin, additional, Trevino-Garrison, Ingrid C, additional, Straily, Anne, additional, Wilson, Savannah, additional, Bowen, Jaden, additional, and Raghavan, Ram K, additional

Published
2018
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31. Temporal and Spatial Variability of Entomological Risk Indices for West Nile Virus Infection in Northern Colorado: 2006–2013

Author

Fauver, Joseph R., primary, Pecher, Lauren, additional, Schurich, Jessica A., additional, Bolling, Bethany G., additional, Calhoon, Mike, additional, Grubaugh, Nathan D., additional, Burkhalter, Kristen L., additional, Eisen, Lars, additional, Andre, Barbara G., additional, Nasci, Roger S., additional, LeBailly, Adrienne, additional, Ebel, Gregory D., additional, and Moore, Chester G., additional

Published
2015
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34. Serological Investigation of Heartland Virus (Bunyaviridae: Phlebovirus) Exposure in Wild and Domestic Animals Adjacent to Human Case Sites in Missouri 2012–2013

Author

Bosco-Lauth, Angela M., primary, Godsey, Marvin S., additional, Lash, R. Ryan, additional, Komar, Nicholas, additional, Burkhalter, Kristen L., additional, Nicholson, William L., additional, Gidlewski, Tom, additional, Savage, Harry M., additional, Root, J. Jeffrey, additional, Brault, Aaron C., additional, Panella, Nicholas A., additional, and Harmon, Jessica R., additional

Published
2015
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36. Vector Competence of the Stable Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) for West Nile Virus

Author

Doyle, Michael S., Swope, Bethany N., Hogsette, Jerome A., Burkhalter, Kristen L., Savage, Harry M., Nasci, Roger S., Doyle, Michael S., Swope, Bethany N., Hogsette, Jerome A., Burkhalter, Kristen L., Savage, Harry M., and Nasci, Roger S.

Abstract

In 2006-2007, stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae), were suspected of being enzootic vectors of West Nile virus (family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus, WNV) during a die-off of American white pelicans (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos Gmelin) (Pelecanidae) in Montana, USA. WNV-positive stable flies were observed feeding en masse on incapacitated, WNV-positive pelicans, arousing suspicions that the flies could have been involved in WNV transmission among pelicans, and perhaps to livestock and humans. We assessed biological transmission by infecting stable flies intrathoracically with WNV and testing them at 2-d intervals over 20 d. Infectious WNV was detected in fly bodies in decreasing amounts over time for only the first 6 d post infection, an indication that WNV did not replicate within fly tissues and that stable flies cannot biologically transmit WNV. We assessed mechanical transmission using a novel technique. Specifically, we fed WNV-infected blood to individual flies by using a cotton swab (i.e., artificial donor), and at intervals of 1 min-24 h, we allowed flies to refeed on a different swab saturated with WNV-negative blood (i.e., artificial recipient). Flies mechanically transmitted viable WNV from donor to recipient swabs for up to 6 h post infection, with the majority of the transmission events occurring within the first hour. Flies mechanically transmitted WNV RNA to recipient swabs for up to 24 h, mostly within the first 6 h. Given its predilection to feed multiple times when disturbed, these findings support the possibility that the stable fly could mechanically transmit WNV.

Published
2011

39. A Simple Modification to the Mosquito Homogenization Protocol Safely Inactivates West Nile Virus and Allows Virus Detection by the Rapid Analyte Measurement Platform (RAMP®) ASSAY.

Author

Burkhalter, Kristen L., Biggerstaff, Brad J., Horiuchi, Kalanthe, and Savage, Harry M.

Abstract

We evaluated the ability of the Rapid Analyte Measurement Platform (RAMP®) mosquito-grinding buffer to inactivate West Nile virus (WNV) by subjecting WNV-positive samples ground in RAMP buffer to incubation intervals ranging from 5 min to 60 min. At each time point an aliquot was removed and serially diluted in bovine albumin (BA)-1 cell culture media to stop the inactivation process by RAMP buffer. Each BA-1 sample was tested for viable virus using Vero 6-well cell culture plaque assay and observed for plaques. We observed very limited inactivation of WNV (1-2 log10 plaque-forming units/ml) by RAMP buffer. Concerned for RAMP operators who may be using this assay in low-level biocontainment facilities, we developed an alternate sample homogenization protocol using Triton X-100 detergent that ensures complete WNV inactivation without compromising the performance of the RAMP assay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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42. Evaluating the Use of Commercial West Nile Virus Antigens as Positive Controls in the Rapid Analyte Measurement Platform West Nile Virus Assay1.

Author

Burkhalter, Kristen L. and Savage, Harry M.

Abstract

We evaluated the utility of 2 types of commercially available antigens as positive controls in the Rapid Analyte Measurement Platform (RAMP®) West Nile virus (WNV) assay. Purified recombinant WNV envelope antigens and whole killed virus antigens produced positive RAMP results and either type would be useful as a positive control. Killed virus antigens provide operational and economic advantages and we recommend their use over purified recombinant antigens. We also offer practical applications for RAMP positive controls and recommendations for preparing them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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43. West Nile Virus Survey of Birds and Mosquitoes in the Dominican Republic

Author

Komar, Oliver, primary, Robbins, Mark B., additional, Contreras, Gavino Guzmán, additional, Benz, Brett W., additional, Klenk, Kaci, additional, Blitvich, Bradley J., additional, Marlenee, Nicole L., additional, Burkhalter, Kristen L., additional, Beckett, Susan, additional, Gonzálvez, Guillermo, additional, Peña, Carlos J., additional, Peterson, A. Townsend, additional, and Komar, Nicholas, additional

Published
2005
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47. Detection of West Nile virus-infected mosquitoes and seropositive juvenile birds in the vicinity of virus-positive dead birds.

Author

Nasci, Roger S, primary, Burkhalter, Kristen L, additional, Campbell, Scott R, additional, Daniels, Thomas J, additional, Marfin, Anthony A, additional, Kerst, Amy J, additional, Aspen, Stephen E, additional, Brookes, Kelsey, additional, Falco, Richard C, additional, Ludwig, George V, additional, Lanciotti, Robert S, additional, Gottfried, Kristy L, additional, Kramer, Laura D, additional, Komar, Nicholas, additional, and Moore, Chester G, additional

Published
2002
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49. EVALUATION OF COMMERCIAL ASSAYS FOR DETECTING WEST NILE VIRUS ANTIGEN.

Author

Burkhalter, Kristen L., Lindsay, Robbin, Anderson, Robert, Dibernardo, Antonia, Fong, Whalley, and Nasci, Roger S.

Subjects
WEST Nile virus, FLAVIVIRUSES, MOSQUITOES, DIPTERA, INSECTS
Abstract

Two commercially available West Nile virus (WNV) detection assays (RAMP® WNV test, Response Biomedical Corp., Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada; and VecTest™ WNV antigen assay, Medical Analysis Systems, Inc., Camarillo, CA) were compared for sensitivity, specificity, and ability to detect WNV in field-collected mosquito pools. Serially diluted stock seed WNV and St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) were used to determine sensitivity and specificity. The RAMP WNV test detected WNV at concentrations as low as 3.17 log10 plaque-forming units per milliliter (PFU/ml), whereas the VecTest assay detected WNV at concentrations as low as 5.17 log10 PFU/ml. Neither test cross-reacted with SLEV. A WNV-specific reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was used to identify positives among field-collected mosquito pools. The RAMP WNV test detected 94% of positive pools and the VecTest assay detected 65% of the positive field-collected pools. Despite these differences, both assays have characteristics that make them useful in WNV surveillance programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2006
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50. West Nile VirusDetection in Nonvascular Feathers from Avian Carcasses

Author

Nemeth, Nicole M., Young, Ginger R., Burkhalter, Kristen L., Brault, Aaron C., Reisen, William K., and Komar, Nicholas

Abstract

West Nile virus(WNV) is a public health threat and has caused the death of thousands of North American birds. As such, surveillance for WNV has been ongoing, utilizing numerous biological specimens and testing methods. Nonvascular (i.e., fully grown) feathers would provide a simple method of collection from either dead or live birds of all ages and molt cycles, with presumably less biosafety risk compared with other specimen types, including feather pulp. The current study evaluates WNV detection in nonvascular feathers removed from naturally infected avian carcasses of several species groups. Feathers of corvid passeriforms had the highest sensitivity of detection (64%), followed by noncorvid passeriforms (43%), columbiforms (33%), and falconiforms (31%). Storing feathers for 1 year at −20°C or at ambient room temperature resulted in detection rates of infectious WNV of 16% and zero, respectively, but had no effect on detection rates of WNV RNA in a subset of matched feather pairs (47% for both storage temperatures). The efficacy of WNV detection in nonvascular feathers is greatly enhanced by testing multiple feathers. The advantages of using nonvascular feathers over other tissues may outweigh the relatively low detectability of WNV RNA in certain situations such as remote areas lacking resources for acquiring other types of samples or maintaining the cold chain.

Published
2009
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